JIES – Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WAQF IN HISTORICAL AND TEORITICAL STUDIES Nurwinsyah Rohmaningtyas Magister Sains Ekonomi Islam , Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Airlangga [email protected] Sri Herianingrum Magister Sains Ekonomi Islam , Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Airlangga [email protected] ABSTRACT Rasulullah obligated waqf not only for places of worship such as mosques, but also productive facilities such as garden, wells and other. The aim is to drain the benefits of productive facilities for people who are less fortunate. Practically, waqf prove to be well understood by Western scientists. However, the implementation of waqf nowadays less than the maximum because the Muslim community’s understanding of waqf and the governments attention are still lack of attention, also the lifestyle of the Muslim community which is too glamour. To revive waqf, it takes an understanding to the significance of waqf. The used in this paper is to study literature by examining the books, journals or papers to be understood, as the issue has been formulated. The result of this research is waqf contribute significantly to the welfare of the people. Moreover, waqf that caters to the public eternally. In history, waqf significantly have proven in helping the state for equipping the public facilities without imposition of the state estimate. Hopefully, waqf will be one of the good solutions for economy. Keywords: Waqf, The Significance of Waqf, Welfare, Economic Solution. setting up schools and hospitals, INTRODUCTION providing graveyard for poor, providing scholars for the preachers, and supplying Endowment (waqf) is one of the weapon for jihad. Nevertheless, the instruments in Islamic economy. donors (wakif) are rarely ignored their Endowment is a social institution in Islam family and surrounding. There is a which had such important role in Muslim condition in the certificate of societies and the development of endowment that allows the donor to set Moslem countries. In fact, endowment aside money for them and their has been recognized by G.C Kozlowski dependents (Dumper, 1999). within a very brief description. Since Kozlowski has conducted He stated that endowment is a researchs on endowments, the donation or commonly known as a gift acknowledgement of endowments has which given to an individual or proven and could be understood by institution. In Islamic history perspective, it Western scientists. Mashlahah (See, is a donation which prompted to fulfil Sholihin, 2010: 498) stated that waqf is a the needs of Moslem's spiritual activities solution to overcome poverty in many such building and maintaining masjid, countries, such as Turkey in the Ottoman 39 Journal of Islamic Economics Science – Vol.1 No. 1 period, Singapore with Waree,, Malaysia every muslim will donate Rp. 1000 in with MUIS and Islamic Relief in UK each month, the endowment will reach (Assegaf, 2014). According to Umar Rp. 100 million every month. The Chapra, waqf institutions have played collected Waqf money must be an important role almost in entire history enormous and the benefits of the of the Muslims. However, this huge money could be used for various potential had not grantly used yet for purposes. For example, build public some reasons. Those reason are hedonic facilities, such as schools, hospitals and lifestyle and unfair tax policies (Chapra, etc. 2000: 300). The resurrection of this institution is expected to be able to Another example (Sukmana, reduce the burden on the government 2015) in the newspaper Republika, when to fund social welfare projects. some of the richest people in an area are united to build a long-term The development of waqf in investment like a toll roads. Assuming Indonesia is identically dealing with the that the activity of distribution of goods is setting up of masjid, graveyard, and always passing through toll roads and in school which could not significantly a crowded situation. It could be beneficial fo surrounding. In fact, other predicted that the revenue from toll countries such Egypt and Bangladesh road users will keep continue. The have developed the institution of waqf benefits from the endowed toll road prominently, thus, it became an endless could be altered to supply public health source of funding for economic facilities.Thus, the government could be development (Nasution, 2007:214). The helped by the actions of the public unsignificant of government role in endowments. In fact, the budgeted developing waqaf is believed to be one health fund could be transferred to of the factor. The role of waqaf is another sectors since it is already expected to increase the welfare of covered by the endowment. society within the publication of Law no.41 2004. The illustration above is a simple description of waqaf potential in Indonesia has the widest land of improving economic matters. This waqaf in the world. According to Ministry situation is expected to be applied of Religious Affairs, the endowment area suitably to overcome the economibal in Indonesia is 38930.54 hectares and problems in capitalist and socialist. spread over in 238.711 areas (Ministry of Endowment will be an instrument in Religion Affairs, 11 01 2016). Indonesia distinguishing those two principles, since has a huge potential of endowment, both of them still could not provide a especially cash waqaf. For example, solution in improving economical assuming that the population of matters, especially when it comes to the Indonesia is 240 million people and a welfare of society. Capitalist always put Muslim population is 85% of the entire the freedom above institution or population, and then Muslim population individual to gain their welfare, could reach 200 million people. meanwhile Socialist stated that the Assumed that half of the muslim were welfare is well planned by the not poor, there will be 100 billion muslim government. who will do endowment. If however 40 JIES – Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga Nevertheless, there are still many perspective. These differences are people who do not know about waqaf formed by the definition of money as a instrument of Islamic economic. In endowment which implicated to the fact, this instrument has not been status of endowment and the effects popular. Thus, Muslim society in from endowments law. Indonesia has not realize the management of waqaf as a provider in In etymology, the plural form of improving economy (Munir, 2013: 164). waqaf is awqafa. Its an Arabic form of Therefore, it is necessary to provide waqafa yaqifu and mashdar. Waqafa profound understanding about the means to endure, stop or stay in an endowment. The objective of this area. Waqafa yaqifu waqfan is similar research is to analyze the significance of with ẖabasa yaẖbisu taẖbisan (Al- endowments based on some theories Khâthib, 26). Munjid dictionary stated and its history. Hopefully, it could provide that waqafa al-dâru as ẖabasahu fî information like books, journals and sabilillahi which means those who papers, in order to raise the sense of bestow endowment in the name of developing endowment for activists of Allah, and waqafa an syaiin means Islamic economics in particular and mana’ahu anhu (they are endured) Muslims in general. As Islamic countries (Aninimous, 1986:914). In another source, has a very huge potential of endowment has the meaning of al- endowments, especially Indonesia, it is ẖabsu which means to endure and al- expected to evoke institution of man’u as to block (Rozalinda, 2014:14). endowments as a solution for economy Therefore, the synonym of al waqfu is al matters. And hopefully Indonesia ẖabsu or to endure which means al became the center of world man’u or to prevent. To prevent mean endowments. that waqf is preventing from destruction, bequested selling and unappropriate LITERATURE REVIEW way of selling not accordance to waqf. The Definition of waqaf In terminology, Hanafiyah preachers determine the definition of Waqaf is an instrument of Islamic waqf as the endurement of someone economy which applied by muslim in else behalf who are giving waqf and 1400 years ago. This situation results in donate the benefit for others good now decreasing governments role in facing and then (Rozalinda, 2015). Based on economy matters and society has also the definition, the belonging of waqf thaking their part. They have a property is still belonged to the wakif , contribution to the government in evenmore wakif could took the property improving society’s welfare. In a brief back and sell it If however wakif is dead, way, endowment is contributed by the waqf property will be an inheritance society for the society and it supported for its heir Therefore, it could be by the government. Thus, both sides are concluded that the effect of waqf is synchronyzing in order to able to merely to donate its benefit. improve society’s welfare. From Malikiyah perspective, waqf In composing the definition of is a bestowal from the wakif in the form waqaf, Fiqh preachers have various of rental, or money (dirham) in a certain 41 Journal of Islamic Economics Science – Vol.1 No. 1 sighat and period of time as the will of In Indonesia, the rules governing wakif (Rozalinda, 2015). In a brief way, the waqf during this stipulated in the waqf property is still belonged to wakif, basic agrarian law No. 5 of 1960, and he / she still could detain it from its Government Regulation no. 28 in 1977 usage. Its similiar with previous on land owned perwaqfan. Waqf explanation that only take the benefit definition in this