Summary Table: Characteristics of the Ecoregions of Wyoming

1 2 . SNAKE RIVER PLAIN 2 1 . SOUTHERN ROCKIES Level IV Ecoregions Physiography Geology Soils Climate Potential Natural Vegetation Land Use Level IV Ecoregions Physiography Geology Soils Climate Potential Natural Vegetation Land Use Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature and Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature and (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max (oF) Land Cover miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max (oF) Land Cover 12d. Dissected 12 Unglaciated. Nearly flat, alluvial fans, low terraces, 6200-6400/ Quaternary loess and alluvium. Clay, silt, Mollisols (Haplocryolls, Lantonia, Tetonia, Rin, Cryic/ 24-32 25-40 4/28 Sagebrush steppe dominated by mountain big sage- Irrigated hayland, barley fields, and 21a. Alpine Zone 33 Glaciated. Steep slopes, ridges and exposed rocky 10500- Exposed bedrock. Precambrian Alfisols (Haplocryalfs, Frisco, Granile, rock Cryic/ 25-50+ 25-35 0/24 Alpine meadows and barren rock outcrops. Vegetation Recreation, wildlife habitat, and Plateaus and and poorly drained outwash plains. Perennial and 0-200 sand, and gravel in floodplains and fans. Argicryolls) Driggs, Badgerton Xeric 44/80 brush with Idaho fescue, slender wheatgrass, blue- pasture. Resort and recreation area peaks above timberline. Wet meadows are common. 12000/ metasedimentary rocks: pelitic schist, Glossocryalfs) outcrops Aridic, Udic Deep winter 36/72 dominated by alpine avens, alpine bistort, alpine pastureland. Snow cover is a major intermittent streams originating from headwaters in Tertiary sediments and igneous rocks in small bunch wheatgrass, sedges, and wet meadows. for nearby ski areas. Headwaters to many streams of the Southern Rockies 800-1150 amphibole schist, quartzite, diamictite, quartz- snowpack timothy, cushion plants, and other grasses, sedges, source of water for lower, more arid Teton Basin the Middle Rockies (17).Moderate gradient, riffle/ area closer to footslopes, (21), Wyoming Basin (18), Western High Plains (25), pebble conglomerate, and marble. and forbs. Trees if present are krummholz and include ecoregions. run morphology. Substrate is cobble-sized, glacial and Northwestern Great Plains (43) ecoregions. spruce, subalpine fir and limber pine. Willow thickets outwash material comprised primarily of limestone occur in depressions. and dolomite. 21b. Subalpine 685 Glaciated. Steep mountains. Moderate to high 8500- Quaternary glacial till and colluvium. Alfisols (Haplocryalfs, Frisco, Ansel, Hazton, Cryic/ 26-46 25-50 long cold Subalpine forests dominated by Englemann spruce Timber production, recreation, Mountains gradient perennial streams. Boulder, cobble, and 10800/ Precambrian and Tertiary metasedimentary, Glossocryalfs), Inceptisols Endlich, Rogert, Grenadier, Aridic, Udic, winters, and subalpine fir. Often inter-dispersed with aspen hunting, wildlife habitat and sea- bedrock substrates. 600-1200 metavolcanic, and intrusive rocks: pelitic (Dystrocryepts), Spodosols Moran, Granile, Leighcan, Ustic short groves, lodgepole pine forest, or mountain meadows, sonal grazing. Some copper , silver, schist, amphibole schist, quartzite, diamictite, (Haplocryods), Mollisols rock outcrops summers. and with Douglas-fir at lower elevations. May include and gold mining. Snow cover is a 1 7 . MIDDLE ROCKIES quartz-pebble conglomerate, and marble. (Haplocryolls) limber pine, aspen, and whitebark pine. Understory major source of water for lower, Precambrian granitic gneiss, felsic gneiss, plants include dwarf huckleberry, whortleberry more arid ecoregions. Level IV Ecoregions Physiography Geology Soils Climate Potential Natural Vegetation Land Use amphibolite, and granitic rocks. Copper, and various grasses, forbs and other low shrubs. silver, and gold deposits. Subalpine meadows also occur in some areas. Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature and (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; 21c. Mid-elevation 2366 Partially glaciated. Low mountain slopes and 7500-9000/ Quaternary glacial till, colluvium, and Mollisols (Haplocryolls, Starley, Boyle, Farlow, Cryic, Frigid/ 18-26 75-90 4/32 Lodgepole pine forest, Douglas-fir forest with areas Wildlife habitat, livestock grazing, o Land Cover miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max ( F) Forests and outwash fans. Moderate to high gradient perennial 400-1000 alluvium. Precambrian and Tertiary Argiustolls, Argicryolls), Nathrop, Lininger, Simmont, Aridic, Ustic, 40/80 of limber pine. Understory of grasses, forbs, and logging, recreation and mineral streams. Boulder, cobble, and bedrock substrates. metasedimentary, metavolcanic, and Inceptisols (Dystrocryepts) Moran, rock outcrops Udic shrubs. Aspen forests occur, especially in the Sierra extraction. Some copper, silver, and 17a. Black Hills 1925 Unglaciated. Foothills (the “Hogback” and 3400-5600/ Mesozoic sandstone and shale. Underlain Entisols (Torriorthents, Butche, Boneek, Nevee, Mesic/ 15-20 100-125 8/32 Ponderosa pine woodland and savanna with grass Livestock grazing, ranching, Shrublands intrusive rocks: pelitic schist, amphibole Madre range. Ponderosa pine woodlands in the gold mining. Foothills “Racetrack”) surrounding the Black Hills’ 400-1000 by the Cretaceous Cloverly Formation Ustorthents), Mollisols Tilford, Rhoame, Tassel, Ustic, Aridic 56/84 understory. Western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, recreation, and wildlife habitat. schist, quartzite, diamictite, quartz-pebble northern Laramie Mountains. mountainous core. The Dakota Hogback separates the (around the outer edge of the region): rusty (Argiustolls, Haplustolls) Gaynor, Spearfish, Nevee, needle-and-thread, little bluestem, buffalo grass, blue Gypsum and copper mining. conglomerate, and marble. Precambrian foothills from the plains. The Red Valley (Racetrack) to light-gray sandstone containing lenticular Vale, Shingle, Thedalund, grama, and leadplant. Some burr oak in the north granitic gneiss, felsic gneiss, amphibolite, inside the Hogback encircles the Black Hills dome. chert-pebble conglomerated inter-bedded Grummit, Louviers, rock and Rocky Mountain juniper in the south. Mountain and granitic rocks. Copper, silver, and gold Some perennial streams ususally fed by springs and with variegated bentonitic claystone, and the outcrops mahogany woodlands. deposits. seeps from higher elevations. Low order streams have intermittent surface flows. Triassic Spearfish Formation of red shale, red 21d. Foothill 2903 Unglaciated. Hills, ridges, and footslopes. Low to 5000-7500/ Quaternary glacial till, colluvium, and Entisols (Torriorthents), Epping, Corpening, Mitchel, Mesic, Frigid/ 12-18 75-100 4/34 Sagebrush steppe, mountain mahogany woodland Rangeland: livestock grazing and siltstone, and white gypsum beds. Shrublands high gradient perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral 200-900 alluvium. Precambrian and Tertiary Mollisols (Haplustolls, Keota, Lantis, Forelle, Aridic, Ustic, 44/80 often interspersed with mountian big sagebrush, blue wildlife habitat. 17b. Black Hills 331 Unglaciated. Plateau with broad ridges, entrenched 5000-6800/ Paleozoic limestone of the Englewood Alfisols (Hapludalfs), Maitland, Corpening, Frigid/ 18-24 90-100 4/32 Ponderosa pine forest dominant. Also areas of aspen, Recreation, hunting, timber streams. Coarse to fine gravel and cobble substrates. metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks: Argiustolls), Aridisols (Hap- Poposhia, Chaperton, Ustic grama, prairie junegrass, western wheatgrass, and amphibolite, pelitic schist, amphibole largids, Haplocambids) Blackdraw, rock outcrops ponderosa pine savanna in the Laramie foothills. Plateau canyons. In metamorphic areas, highly dissected, 600-1000 Formation. Underlain by Paleozoic sediments, Mollisols (Haplustolls) Citadel, Vanocker, rock Ustic 52/84 easterb boxelder, boreal paper birch, some white production, wildlife habitat and tilted rock faces, steep canyon slopes. pink slabby dolomite limestone and outcrops spruce. The understory is shrubs (juniper, snowberry, seasonal woodland grazing. Farms schist, quartzite, diamictite, quartz-pebble Pockets of aspen, limber pine, and Douglas-fir on In limestone areas, caves and springs, with consistent Mississipian Pahasapa Formation: gray bearberry, and russet buffaloberry), grasses (timber and ranches in valley bottoms and conglomerate, and marble. Granitic gneiss, north-facing slopes. Riparian vegetation may include yearly streamflow.Streams fed primarily by springs massive dolomite limestone. Metamorphic oatgrass), and sedges. prairie openings. felsic gneiss, amphibolite, and granitic rocks. willow species and narrowleaf cottonwood with and seeps, and many low order streams have inter- and granite outcrops at lower elevations. boxelder and wild plum in the north. mittent surface flows. 17c. Black Hills Core 29 Mountains with highly eroded outcrops, broad 5900-6900/ Exposed bedrock. Precambrian igneous and Alfisols (Haplocryalfs), Stovho, Trebor, Heath, rock Cryic/ 20-22 80-100 12/34 Mostly ponderosa pine with white spruce, paper birch Aggregate mining in the Highlands valleys, and plateaus. 800-1000 sedimentary rock and metamorphic schist, Mollisols (Argicryolls) outcrops Ustic 52/80 and aspen on north facing slopes, moist areas, and at metamorphic areas. Recreation, slates, quartize; granite and pegmatite. Higher higher elevations. Also potential for lodgepole pine. hunting, timber production, elevations contain limestone and granitic Understory: sedges, bearded wheatgrass, oatgrass, seasonal woodland grazing, and intrusions form the major peaks. bromegrass, common juniper, juniper, snowberry, wildlife habitat. Oregon grape, bearberry, and iris. 2 5 . HIGH PLAINS 2581 Glaciated. Steep to moderately steep mountains. 5000-8500/ Quaternary drift and colluvium. Faulted and Alfisols (Haplocryalfs, Sapphire, Redfeather, Cryic/ 24-32 25-50 -8/20 Dense to open forests of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine Timber production, recreation, 17g. Mid-Elevation Level IV Ecoregions Physiography Geology Soils Climate Potential Natural Vegetation Land Use Sedimentary Moderate to high gradient perennial streams. 500-1100 folded Mesozoic-Paleozoic sedimentary Glossocryalfs), Mollisols Tongue River, Starley, Ustic, Udic 34/72 or subalpine fir. Groves of quaking aspen may occur hunting, and wildlife habitat. Boulder, cobble, and bedrock substrates. (limestone, shale, sandstone, claystone) rocks. (Haplocryolls, Argicryolls), Farlow, Nathrop, Starman, at lower edges of conifer forest. Understory species Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature and Mountains Entisols (Cryorthents) Turnerville include snowberry, serviceberry, pinegrass, birchleaf (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; spirea, and blue huckleberry in moister sites. miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max (oF) Land Cover 17h. Alpine Zone 2713 Glaciated. High exposed mountains and jagged peaks 10500- Quaterary glacial deposits, colluvium and Inceptisols (Eutrocryepts, Rock outcrop and rubble, Cryic/ 40-70+ 25-30 long cold Alpine meadows and barren rock outcrops. Vegetation Recreation, wildlife habitat, and 25c. Moderate Relief 2104 Irregular plains with moderate slope. Intermittent 4700- Quaternary sandy, gravely and loamy Mollisols (Argiustolls, Ascalon, Jayem, Vetal, Mesic/ 12-16 100-125 8/32 Mixed-grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Rangeland: livestock grazing and above timberline. Dominated by glacial features 12000+/ rock outcrops underlain by Tertiary volcanic Dystrocryepts) Cowood, Teewinot Udic Deep winter winters, dominated by alpine avens, alpine bistort, alpine native pastureland. Snow melt Rangeland streams, a few large perennial streams which mostly 7600/ colluvium. Tertiary deposits of light colored Haplustolls), Entisols Trelona, Shingle, Dwyer, Aridic, Ustic 52/88 western wheatgrass, junegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, wildlife habitat. Small areas of including tarns, moraines, u-shaped valleys, and 400-2000 (basalt and rhyolite in Yellowstone area, snowpack short timothy, and other grasses, sedges, and forbs. Trees provides water source to lower originate in mountains or higher relief areas. Silty 50-200 tuffaceous claystone, sandstone and (Torripsamments, Manter, Dix, Valent, Bayard, needle-and-thread grass, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, dryland farming. cirques. Headwaters to many streams of the Middle andesite in Absaroka Range), Precambrian summers. if present are krummholz and include spruce, fir and ecoregions. and sandy substrates. conglomerate. Underlain by claystones and Torriorthents) Treon, Nucla, rock outcrops and various forbs, shrubs, and other grasses. Some Rockies (17), Wyoming Basin (18), and granitic (gneiss, quartz, and metamorphics pine. Willow thickets occur in depressions and wet sandstones of the Tertiary Arikaree and mountain mahogany and skunkbush sumac on bluffs Northwestern Great Plains (43) ecoregions. Small, in the Wind River and Beartooth ranges, and meadows. Ogallala formations. near Laramie Mountains high gradient perennial streams of low biological Bighorn Mountains) and Mesozoic-Paleozoic 1343 Flat to rolling plains. Intermittent streams, a few 4700- Quaternary colluvim. Localized loess deposits Mollisols (Argiustolls, Rosebud, Ascalon, Albinas, Mesic/ 12-16 100-125 12/38 Mixed-grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Dryland cropland with areas of productivity, snowmelt dominated. sedimentary (limestone, sandstone, claystone, 25d. Flat to Rolling large perennial streams which mostly originate in 5700/ in the southeast corner of the region. Tertiary Hapustolls), Entisols Shingle, Dwyer, Altvan, Aridic, Ustic 52/88 western wheatgrass, junegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, irrigated cropland. Major crop is and shale) rocks in the remaining ranges. Cropland mountains or higher relief areas. Silty and sandy 10-150 gravel, claystone, sandstone and sand (Ustorthents, Torriorthents, Nucla, Bayard, Dunday, needle-and-thread grass, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, winter wheat. Areas in rangeland: 17i. Absaroka - 1891 Glaciated. Steep to moderately steep mountains and 7000-9000/ Quaternary drift and colluvium. Tertiary Mollisols (Argicryolls), Nielsen, Blaine, Shadow, Cryic/ 22-36 25-75 -4/32 Dense to open forests dominated by Douglas-fir and Recreation, hunting, timber substrates. deposits. Underlain by claystones and Tottpsamments) Colby, Mitchell, Alliance, and various forbs, shrubs, and other grasses. Small livestock grazing and wildlife Gallatin Volcanic plateaus. Deeply cut valleys. Moderate to high 600-1200 pyroclastic material, volcanic flows including Inceptisols (Eutrocryepts) Taglake, Clayburn, Garlet, Ustic, Udic, 40/84 areas of lodgepole pine with an understory of blue production, and wildlife habitat. sandstones of the Tertiary White River and Keith, Creighton tracts of shortgrass prairie with buffalo grass. habitat. gradient perennial streams with heavy sediment andesitic rock, and water-laid volcanics. rock outcrops Xeric huckleberry, birchleaf spirea, elk sedge, pinegrass, Ogallala formations. Mountains loading, especially after storm events and during and heart leaf amica. 720 Dissected plateaus, bluffs, hills, escarpments, and 4300- Quaternary sandy residuum, white tuffaceous Mollisols (Argiustolls, Brownrigg, Featherlegs, Mesic/ 12-14 100-125 12/40 Ponderosa pine woodlands with understory of Rangeland: livestock grazing and spring snowmelt. 25f. Pine Bluffs and Hills steep valley side-slopes. Perennial springs along base 6200/ claystone and siltstone. Underlain by the Haplustolls), Entisols Wendover, Wibaux, Busher, Aridic, Ustic 54/88 grasses, forbs, and shrubs. Common species include wildlife habitat. 17j. Yellowstone 2066 Glaciated. Plateau, mountains, moraines, outwash 6400-9200/ Quaternary alluvial fill deposits, terrace Inceptisols (Eutrocryepts), Rammel, Hechtman, Cryic, Frigid/ 22-80+ 25-50 -8/24 Dense to open forests dominated by lodgepole pine, Tourism, recreation, and wildlife of bluffs. 150-800 Tertiary Arikaree Formation: light colored (Torriorthents) Shingle, Tassel, Motoqua, little bluestem, common juniper, and bearberry. Some Plateau plains, canyons, and scattered ridges and buttes. 300-1200 deposits, colluvium, glacial drift, and outwash Mollisols ( Argicryolls, Swanner, Cowood, Taglake, Xeric, Udic, 36/80 subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and white bark habitat. Timber production and porous sandstone, and the Tertiary White Treon, Taluce, rock outcrops areas of limber pine and silver sagebrush. Areas of Many geothermic features including geysers, hot plains. Quaternary extrusive rocks that are Haploxerolls) Garlet, rock outcrops and Ustic pine found at moist sites and highest elevations. hunting outside of Yellowstone River formation. In the northwest, red and juniper woodland on calcareous substrates of the springs, thermal vents, and mud pots. Moderate to mostly rhyolite, but also including basalt and rubble South facing slopes support mountain big sagegrush National Park. white sandstone is underlain by the Hartville Uplift. high gradient perennial streams. Springs and lakes tuff. and mountain shrubs. Sparse understory includes Pennsylvanian Hartville Formation: gray are also found. elk sedge, pinegrass, birchleaf spirea, grouse dolomite and limestone, red shale, and red and whortleberry, and heartleaf armica. gray sandstone. Heavily glaciated, lake studded, high mountains. 8500- Subalpine forests dominated by Englemann spruce Recreation, timber production, 17k. Granitic 2145 Quaternary drift, colluvium, and rock Wind River and Teton ranges, Wind River and Teton Cryic/ 20-60 50-75 0/24 1637 Irregular plains and tablelands with areas of 4100- Quaternary sandy residuum, white tuffaceous Mollisols (Haplustolls, Hargreave, Manter, Busher, Mesic/ 14-17 100-125 10/36 Mixed-grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Rangeland: livestock grazing and Moderate to high gradient perennial streams. 10000/ outcrops. Underlain by Precambrian, pre-belt and Beartooth Mountains: ranges, and Beartooth Ustic, Udic, 40/76 and subalpine fir. May include limber pine and hunting, seasonal livestock grazing, 25g. Sandy and Silty Subalpine Zone Tablelands moderate relief. Intermittent streams, with a few 5200/ claystone and siltstone. Underlain by the Argiustolls), Entisols Jayem, Satanta, Vetal, Ustic, Aridic 56/88 western wheatgrass, junegrass, prairie sandreed, wildlife habitat. Limited cropland. Boulder, cobble, and bedrock substrates with low 600-1000 metamorphic rock. Alfisols (Glossocryalfs, Mountains: Redfeather, Aridic whitebark pine at highest elevations. lodepole pine and wildlife habitat. large perennial streams which mostly originate in 100-300 Tertiary Arikaree Formation: light colored (Torripsaments, Ustorthents, Dwyer, Bridget, Valent, Sandberg bluegrass, needle-and-thread grass, productivity due to granitic parent material. Haplocryalfs), Mollisols Frisco, Ansel, Gelkie, rock is a seral species. Understory growth in not diverse; mountains or higher relief areas. Sandy and silty porous sandstone. Torriorthents) Dailey, Otero, Recluse, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, and various forbs, shrubs, (Argicryolls), Bighorn outcrops. Bighorn grouse whortleberry, Oregon grape, birchleaf spirea, substrates. Taluce, Palmer Canyon, Dix, and other grasses. Small tracts of shortgrass prairie Mountains: Alfisols Mountains: Indart, and heartleaf armica predominate Nihill, rock outcrops with buffalo grass and some areas of silver sagebrush. (Haplocryalfs, Handran, Mathers, Hazton, Glossocryalfs), Mollisols rock outcrops. 25h. Platte River 1022 Broad flat alluvial valley, bluffs, and terraces. 4200- Quaternary sandy and silty alluvial Entisols (Torriorthents, Epping, Vetal, Jayem, Mesic/ 12-14 100-125 12/40 Mixed-grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Irrigated cropland in the river (Haplocryolls) Valley and Intermittant low gradient streams, and few major 5050/ deposits. Underlain by the Tertiary White Torripsamments, Trelona, Creighton, Aridic, Ustic 56/88 western wheatgrass, junegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, valleys, and dryland and irrigated 17m. Dry 1806 Glaciated. Steep to moderately steep mountains. Flat 5000-8500/ Quaternary drift and colluvium. Mesozoic- Wind River Range: Wind River Range: Cloud Cryic/ 18-24 50-75 4/28 Dense forests to open woodlands dominated by Timber production, recreation, perennial rivers, such as the North Platte River. Silt, 5-100 River Formation: light-gray to dark-red Ustorthents),Aridisols Cushman, Anselmo, needle-and-thread grass, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, cropland on terraces. Terraces sand, and gravel substrates. tuffaceous claystone, sandstone, and lenticular (Hapargids), Mollisols Mitchell, Bayard, Otero, and various forbs, shrubs, and other grasses. Small Mid-Elevation irons are extensive especially in the Bighorn 500-1000 Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of limestone, Alfisols (Haplocryalfs, Peak, Sapphire, Cowdrey, Ustic, Aridic 40/84 Douglas-fir, with an understory of grasses, forbs, hunting, seasonal livestock grazing, Mountains. Deep canyons with high gradient siltstone, shale and sandstone. Triassic Glossocryalfs), Mollisols Starley, Farlow, Auzqui, and shrubs. Wind River Range: Douglans-fir with a and wildlife habitat. conglomerate and the Cretaceaous Lance (Haplustolls, Argiustolls) Dwyer, Satanta, tracts of shortgrass prairie with buffalo grass and Sedimentary perennial streams. Boulder, cobble, and bedrock Chugwater and Dinwoody Formations in the (Argicryolls, Calcicryolls, Nathrop, Owen Creek, fringe of aspen or subalpine fir with an understory of Formation: brown and gray sandstone and Featherlegs, Dunday some areas of silver sagebrush. Along the North Mountains substrates with moderate to high biological Bighorn Mountains. Cambrian Gros Ventre Haplocryolls), Bighorn Duncom, rock outcrops. mountain juniper, buffaloberry, wheeler bluegrass and shale, thin coal and carbonaceous shale beds. Platte River, deciduous forest of plains cottonwood, productivity. and Gallatin Formations in the Wind River Mountains: Alfisols Bighorn Mountains: Auzqui, yarrow. Bighorn Mountains: Ponderosa pine or limber snowberry, wild plum, and silver buffalo-berry. Range. (Glossocryalfs), Mollisols Lymanson, Nathrop, pine may be present. Understory of mountain big (Argicryolls, Haplocryolls), Burgess, Jenkins, Starley, sagebrush and mountain mahogany Entisols (Dystrocryepts) Dell, rock outcrops. 17n. High Elevation 710 Unglaciated. High elevation valleys with wet 5000-8000/ Quaternary loess, alluvium, colluvium, basalt. Mollisols (Haplocryolls, Thayne, Greyback, Willow Cryic/ 12-30 25-35 -4/24 Shrubland dominated by sagebrush steppe, which Recreation, wildlife habitat. Native Valleys bottomlands, marshes, stream terraces, alluvial fans, 50-500 Tertiary conglomerate, Mesozoic sandstone, Argicryolls, Cryaquolls) Creek, Hobacker, Robana, Ustic, Aquic 40/76 may include big, mountain, and silver sagebrush, grasslands are grazed by wildlife, and lower foothill slopes. shale, mudstone, siltstone, claystone and Paulson, Turson, Dipman Idaho fescue, bearded wheatgrass, sticky geranium, including elk, bison, and moose. limestone, and Paleozoic limestone and bluegrass, cirque foil, lambs tail, and fringed sage. Elk refuge located outside of 4 3 . NORTHWESTERN GREAT PLAINS mudstone. Douglas-fir with an understory of snowberry and Jackson, WY. Livestock grazing pinegrass grows in mesic areas and on north-facing also common in valleys outside of Level IV Ecoregions Physiography Geology Soils Climate Potential Natural Vegetation Land Use slopes. Some aspen groves also occur. Yellowstone National Park. Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature and 17o. Partly Forested 387 Partly glaciated. Steep to moderately steep 6500-7800/ Quaternary loess, colluvium, alluvium, and Alfisols (Palecryalfs, Judkins, Mikesell, Dranyon, Cryic/ 20-32 25-50 0/28 Open forests to open woodlands dominated by Timber production, seasonal (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max (oF) Land Cover Mountains mountains. Moderate to high gradient perennial 400-1800 ground moraine. Tertiary volcanics and Haplocryalfs, Glossocryalfs), Turnerville, Leighcan Xeric, Ustic, 40/80 Douglas-fir. Limber pine, quaking aspen, lodgepole livestock grazing and wildlife streams. Boulder, cobble, and bedrock substrates. tuffaceous sediments, Mesozoic limestone, Mollisols (Argicryolls), Udic pine, and mountain mahogany may also be present, habitat. 43e. Sagebrush Steppe 212 Unglaciated. Nearly level to rolling, erosion-prone 3600- Quaternary alluvium along channels. Upper Entisols (Ustorthents, Cabbart, Yawdim, Hesper, Frigid, Mesic/ 14-16 100-125 8/30 Sagebrush steppe dominated by dusky gray Rangeland: livestock grazing and sandstone, mudstone, and shale. Some Entisols (Dystrocryepts) especially on north facing slopes. Mountain plains. Streams are ephemeral or intermittent. 4000/ Cretaceous sandstone and shale. Torriorthents), Alfisols Samday Ustic, Aridic 56/86 sagebrush, dwarf sagebrush, big sagebrush, with wildlife habitat. Bentonite clay Paleozoic limestone. mahogany, big sagebrush, snowberry, and rose grow Intermittent streams consist of a series of pools 50-200 (Haplustalfs) western wheatgrass, green needlegass, blue grama, mining. on treeless south facing slopes and beneath open separated by shallow glides or dry areas. Many Sandberg bluegrass, and buffalograss, bluebunch canopied woodland with an understory of Idaho impoundments occur. Silt and clay substrates. wheatgrass, needle-and-thread grass, Sandberg blue- fescue. grass, junegrass, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, and other grasses, forbs, and shrubs. 17ao. Absaroka 1353 Glaciated. Steep mountains and plateaus. 8500- Quaternary drift and colluvium. Tertiary Entisols (Cryorthents), Starman, Clayburn, Dranyon Cryic/ 30-50 25-50 4/28 Subalpine forests dominated by Englemann spruce Timber production, recreation, Volcanic Moderate to high gradient perennial streams with 10000/ pyroclastic material, volcanic flows including Mollisols (Argicryolls) Udic 34/80 and subalpine fir. May include lodgepole pine, limber hunting, and wildlife habitat. 43g. Semiarid Pierre 1483 Unglaciated. Undulating to rolling plains. Steep- 3600- Quaternary alluvium along channels. Entisols (Torriorthents, Orella, Samsil, Limon, Mesic/ 14-16 100-125 4/32 Mixed grass prairie and isolated areas of sagebrush Rangeland: livestock grazing and heavy sediment loading, especially after storm events 600-1000 andestic rock, and water-laid volcanics. pine, Understory species include mountain juniper, Shale Plains sided, incised stream channels. Few perennial 4500/ Cretaceous Pierre Formation shale: dark gray Ustorthents, Ustifluvents), Lohmiller, Stetter, Samday, Ustic, Aridic 56/90 steppe dominated by buffalograss, western wheat- wildlife habitat. Subalpine Zone and during spring snowmelt. mountain gooseberry, buffaloberry, heartleaf armina, streams, many ephemeral or intermittent streams. 100-350 concretionary marine shale; contains several Vertisols (Haplusterts), Pierre, Grummit, Ulm, grass, bluebunch wheatgrass, needle-and-thread grass, milk vetch, and sagebrush in droughty soils. At Low gradient intermittent streams consist of a series bentonite beds. Aridisols (Haplargids), Winler, Maggin, rock out- blue grama, Sandberg bluegrass, junegrass, highest elevations whitebark pine, with an understory of pools separated by shallow glides or dry areas. Silt Mollisols (Haplustolls) crops rabbitbrush, fringed sage, and other grasses, forbs, of Idaho fescue, Ross sedge, wheeler bluegrass, and and clay substrates. and shrubs. silvery lupine. 43n. Montana Central 139 Unglaciated. Dissected, rolling plains. Few perennial 3500- Quaternary terrace deposits and, along Entisols (Ustorthents), Wayden, Doney, Shaak, Frigid, Mesic/ 14-16 100-125 8/32 Mixed grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Rangeland: livestock grazing and streams, many ephemeral or intermittent streams. 5300/ channels, alluvium. Tertiary Fort Union Inceptisols (Haplustepts), Cabbart, Yawdim, Thurlow Ustic, Aridic 52/88 western wheatgrass, junegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, wildlife habitat. Some isolated 1989 Glaciated. Mountains with steep slopes. Moderate to 8500- Quaternary drift and colluvium. Faulted and Alfisols (Glossocryalfs, Cowdrey, Tongue River, Cryic/ 30-50 25-50 4/28 Subalpine forests dominated by Englemann spruce Timber production, recreation, Grasslands 17ap. Sedimentary Many impoundments occur. Sand, silt and fine gravel 50-200 Formation: light colored massive sandstone, Mollisols (Paleustolls), needle-and-thread grass, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, areas of dryland farming in winter high gradient perennial streams. Boulder, cobble, and 10000/ folded Mesozoic-Paleozoic sedimentary rocks Haplocryalfs), Inceptisols Hechtman, Starman, rock Ustic, Udic 34/80 and subalpine fir. May include lodgepole pine, hunting, livestock grazing, and Subalpine Zone substrates. and shale. Alfisols (Haplustalfs) and other forbs, shrubs and grasses. wheat and alfalfa. bedrock substrates. 400-1000 (limestone, shale, sandstone, claystone). (Eutrocryepts), Entisols outcrops and rubble limber pine, aspen, and whitebark pine. Interspersed wildlife habitat. (Cryorthents) mountain meadows contain wolf willow, potentilla, 43p. Pine Scoria Hills 1088 Unglaciated. Dissected rolling plains and low hills. 3700- Quaternary alluvium along channels. Tertiary Entisols (Torriorthents, Us- Rock outcrops, Shingle, Mesic, Frigid/ 12-16 100-125 8/32 Ponderosa pine-Rocky Mountain juniper forest or Rangeland: livestock grazing and larkspur, alpine timothy, Idaho fescue, and yampa Clinker and scoria mounds. Perennial springs along 6000/ Fort Union Formation: light colored massive torthents), Mollisols Wibaux, Taluce, Tolman, Aridic, Ustic 56/88 ponderosa pine savanna with understory of grasses, wildlife habitat. Small woodland (root sought by bears). base of bluffs. 250-1000 sandstone, shale, and thick coal beds. Lebo (Argiustolls) Abac, Theedle, Neldore forbs, and shrubs. Species include little bluestem, areas. Scattered coal mining. member: dark gray clay shale and bluebunch wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, blue concretionary sandstone. Rock outcrops. grama, and Sandberg bluegrass, Idaho fescue, and needle-and-thread. Skunkbush sumac and western 1 8 . WYOMING BASIN snowberry are common shrubs. 43q. Mesic Dissected 1481 Unglaciated. Dissected plains. Perennial streams are 3900- Quaternary alluvium along channels. Entisols (Torriorthents, Shingle, Tassel, Samsil, Mesic, Frigid/ 14-18 100-125 8/34 Mixed grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Mostly rangeland: livestock grazing Level IV Ecoregions Physiography Geology Soils Climate Potential Natural Vegetation Land Use Plains generally of montane origin. Low flows during late 5100/ Tertiary sandstones, siltstones, and shales of Ustorthents, Ustifluvents), Wibaux, Kim, Renohill, Aridic, Ustic 52/88 western wheatgrass, junegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, and wildlife habitat, with areas summer exacerbated by irrigation withdrawals. Other 120-600 the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Aridisols (Haplargids, Forkwood, Havre, Zigweid, needle-and-thread grass, rabbitbrush, fringed sage. of sub-irrigated agriculture along Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature and streams largely ephemeral with many impoundments. Formation and the Wasatch Formation. Haplocambids), Mollisols Samday, Wolf, Platsher, Boxelder and chokecherry occur in riparian areas. major stream valleys. Coal bed (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max (oF) Land Cover Sand, silt, and fine gravel substrates. (Argiustolls, Paleustolls) Moskee Shrubs such as snowberry, serviceberry, and bullberry methane production. grow upslope of riparian areas. Quaternary alluvium, colluvium, outwash Entisols (Torriorthents, Haterton, Ryark, Almy, Shrubland dominated by sagebrush steppe, which Oil and gas production. Oil shale 18a. Rolling 22857 Unglaciated. Plains with hills, Nearly level 4900-7200/ Frigid, Mesic/ 6-16 75-100 -8/24 215 Unglaciated. Dissected sedimentary foothills and 5300- Quaternary alluvium and colluvium. East: Mollisols East: Starley, Doney, Shaak, East: Cryic, 10-20 75-100 4/32 Foothills mixed grass prairie and shrublands Rangeland: livestock grazing and deposits, and eolian deposits derived from Torripsamments), Blackhall, Alcova, Blazon, may include western wheatgrass, needle-and-thread and bitumens, in the southwest 43v. Pryor - Big Horn Sagebrush floodplains and terraces, and rolling alluvial fans. 50-400 Ardic, Udic 44/88 high benches. Cool, biologically productive streams 7500/ Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments including (Haplocryolls, Paleustolls, Wayden, Wolf. Frigid, Mesic/ 48/84 dominated by fescues, western wheatgrass, wildlife habitat. Tertiary and Cretaceous claystone, sandstone Aridisols (Haplargids, Delphill, Garsid, Cotopaxi, grass, blue grama, Sandberg bluegrass, junegrass, corner of region. Uranium mining Foothills Streams and rivers originating in mountains have with coarse to fine gravel and cobble-sized 75-1000 carbonates. Argiustolls), Inceptisols West: Starley, Cabbart, Ustic, Aridic prairie junegrass, curlleaf mountain mahogany, Utah Steppe and sedimentary rock. Areas of lenticular Haplocalcids, Calciargids) Cambarge, Pepal, Huguston, rabbitbrush, fringed sage,Wyoming big sagebrush, in the Shirley Basin and northwest moderate gradient with cobble substrates of granite substrates. (Haplustepts), Entisols Pultney, Stormitt. West: Cryic, juniper, and fringed sagewort. Also some scattered coal, oil and shale marlstone. Rock outcrops Teagulf, Ryan Park, Bosler, silver and black sagebrush in lowlands and mountain of the Granite Mountains. Extensive or limestone. Streams originating in the center of the (Ustorthents). West: Frigid, Mesic/ ponderosa pine and juniper woodlands. also occur. Bowbac, Shingle big sagebrush in the higher elevations. coal mining. Rangeland: livestock basin are more incised, low gradient with finer gravel Mollisols (Haplocryolls), Ustic, Aridic substrates derived from shales. Small streams are grazing and wildlife habitat. Entisols (Ustorthents), ephemeral or weakly intermittent with sand or platy Aridisols (Haplocambids, shale substrates. Haplocalcids). 18b. Bighorn Basin 3285 Unglaciated. Basin with rolling plains, terraces, and 5000-7500/ Quaternary alluvium, colluvium, outwash Entisols (Ustifluvents, Haverson, Glenberg, Griffy, Mesic, Frigid/ 8-14 110-130 0/36 Shrubland dominated by sagebrush steppe, which Oil and gas production. Areas of 13394 Unglaciated. Irregular and dissected plains. 4100- Quaternary alluvium along channels. Entisols (Torriorthents, Cushman, Ulm, Shingle, Mesic/ 12-18 100-125 0/36 Mixed-grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Oil, gas, and coal deposits are alluvial fans. Streams and rivers originating in 50-150 deposits, and eolian deposits derived from Torrifluvents, Torriorthents), Garland, Worland, Hiland, Aridic, Udic 46/92 may include Wyoming big sagebrush, western bentonite clay production. 43w. Powder River Basin Perennial streams are generally of montane origin 6500/ Underlain by Tertiary Fort Union Formation: Ustorthents), Aridisols Samsil, Samday, Mitchell, Aridic, Ustic 52/88 western wheatgrass, junegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, scattered throughout region. Coal mountains have moderate gradient with cobble-sized Tertiary and Cretaceous sedimentary rock. Aridisols (Haplargids, Bowbac, Blackhall, wheatgrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, needle-and-thread Rangeland: livestock grazing and with sand, gravel, and cobble substrates. Other 100-500 light colored massive sandstone, shale, and (Haplargids, Paleargids), Briggsdale, Thedalund, needle-and-thread grass, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, mining is extensive and production substrates of granite, volcanic rock or limestone. Cretaceaous Cody Formation: shale and Haplocalcids) Thermopolis, Haverdad, grass, blue grama, Sandberg bluegrass, junegrass, wildlife habitat. streams ephemeral or intermittent with sandy or silty thick coal beds. Lebo member: dark gray clay Mollisols (Paleustolls) Bidman, Tassel, Renohill, and other forbs, shrubs and grasses. is higher than in any other region Incised stream channels. Many ephemeral streams. bentonite clay. Mesa Verde Formation: light- Forkwood, Shingle, rabbitbrush, fringed sage, and other grasses, forbs, substrates and many impoundments. shale and concretionary sandstone. Limon, Terry, Taluce, in the United States. Coal-bed Severely altered hydrology due to mosaic of colored massive to thin-bedded sandstone, Copeman, Trook, Wall, rock and shrubs. Eastern edge: Cretaceous Lance Formation, Platsher, Kishona methane production has increased irrigation diversion ditches. Many ephemeral streams gray sandy shale, and coal beds. Rock outcrops brown and gray sandstone and shale, thin coal throughout the region in recent become perennial during irrigation season due to outcrops occur. and carbonaceous shale beds. years. Uranium mining in the return flows. Pumpkin Buttes and southern 18c. Sub-Irrigated 2259 Unglaciated. High elevation valleys, nearly flat 5200-8000/ Quaternary alluvium, colluvium, outwash Entisols (Ustifluvents, Havre, McFadden, Bosler, Frigid, Cryic/ 12-16 25-75 -4/28 Wet meadows and riparian areas may include, Rangeland: livestock grazing and Powder River districts. Rangeland: High Valleys floodplains, and low terraces. Many wetlands. 25-175 deposits, and eolian deposits over Tertiary Ustorthents), Aridisols Patent, Forelle, Lander, Ustic, Aridic, 36/84 willows, narrow leaf alders, cottonwood, horsetail, wildlife habitat. Irrigated cropland livestock grazing and wildlife Streams and rivers are moderate gradient, riffle/run. and Cretaceous sedimentary bedrock. Rock (Haplocalcids, Calciargids, Evanston, Outlet, Dobrow, Aquic spikerush sedges, and tufted hairgrass. Shrubland with hay as main crop. habitat. Substrate is generally cobble-sized, glacial outwash outcrops occur. Haplargids), Mollisols Greyback, Gelkie dominated by sagebrush steppe, which may include Non-irrigated uplands are shrub and 43x. Casper Arch 1317 Unglaciated. Gently rolling plains with isolated low 5000- Quaternary colluvium with isolated areas of Entisols (Torriorthents), Lolite, Keyner, Amodac, Mesic/ 10-14 100-125 12/36 Shrubland dominated by sagebrush steppe, which Rangeland: livestock grazing material consisting of granite, limestone, and (Haplustolls, Argiustolls, Wyoming big sagebrush, western wheatgrass, needle- grass covered rangeland. cuestas. Few perennial streams, many ephemeral or 5800/ dune sand and loess. Underlain by Cretaceous Aridisols (Natrargids, Hiland, Bowbac, Forkwood, Aridic, Udic 56/88 may include, Wyoming big sagebrush, Gardner and wildlife habitat. Oil and gas quartzite. Haplocryolls, Cryaquolls, and-thread grass, blue grama, Sandberg bluegrass, intermittent streams. Sandy or silty substrates. 50-200 sandstone and Cody shale, a weak marine Haplargids, Haplocambids) Zigweid, Moret, rock saltbush, Indian ricegrass, birdfoot sagebrush, western production. Argicryolls) junegrass, rabbitbrush, and fringed sage. shale that is easily eroded. outcrops wheatgrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, needle-and-thread 6911 Unglaciated. Footslopes, alluvial fans, hills, ridges, 5000-9100/ Quaternary alluvium and colluvium derived Aridisols (Haplargids, Nathrop, Lymanson, Saddle, Cryic, Frigid, 14-20 75-100 0/34 Rocky Mountain juniper, lodgepole pine, limber pine, Rangeland: livestock grazing and grass, blue grama, Sandberg bluegrass, junegrass, 18d. Foothill rabbitbrush, fringed sage, and other grasses, forbs, Shrublands and and valleys. Streams originate in adjacent Rocky 200-800 from Tertiary sedimentary and older Haplocalcids, Worland, Starman, Mesic/ 44/88 aspen, and Douglas-fir forests are found at higher wildlife habitat. Timber production Mountains or are small spring-fed streams that crystalline rocks of the surrounding Haplocambids), Entisols Burgess, Jenkins, Starley, Ustic, Aridic elevations. Ponderosa pine is also found at the higher in Green, Owl Creek, and Shirley and shrubs. Some ponderosa pine on escarpments. Low Mountains originate on the flanks of higher basin ranges. They mountains. Underlain by Tertiary sandstone (Torriorthents, Cryorthents), Dell, Amsden, Decross, elevations in the west. Rocky Mountain juniper, Utah mountains. are steep gradient with riffle/run and plunge pools. and conglomerate, oil shale, siltstone, and Mollisols (Argicryolls, Poker, Indart, Farlow, Owen juniper and mountain mahogany woodlands occur Substrate is generally cobble or larger, composed of limestone. Precambrian granitic rocks in the Haplocryolls), Inceptisols Creek, Fossilon, Langspring, on rock outcrops. Sagebrush steppe and grassland limestone and granite material. Owl Creek, Granite, and Seminoe mountains. (Dystrocryepts, Calciustepts), Chittum, Glassner, Uhl, dominated by big sagebrush, rabbitbrush, prickly Rock outcrops occur. Alfisols (Glossocryalfs, Woosley, Rentsac, rock pear, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue at lower SOURCES: Haplocryalfs) outcrops elevations. Anderson, J.R., 1970, Major land uses, in The national atlas of the United States of America: Blacktone, D.L., Jr., 1988, Traveler’s guide to the geology of Wyoming, Second Edition, Bulletin 67: McGrath, C.L., Woods, A.J., Omernik, J.M., Bryce, S.A., Edmondson, M., Nesser, J.A., Shelden, Tinker, D.B., Resor, C.A, Beauvais, G.P., Kipfmueller, K.F., Fernandes, C.I., and Baker, W.L., Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, p. 158-159, scale 1:7,500,000. Laramie, Wyoming, Geological Survey of Wyoming, 130 p. J., Crawford, R.C., Comstock, J.A., and Plocher, M.D., 2002, Ecoregions of Idaho (color 1998, Watershe analysis of forest fragmentation by clearcuts and roads in a Wyoming Forest, 18e. Salt Desert Shrub 3858 Unglaciated. Plains, nearly level floodplains and 5800-7200/ Quaternary alluvium and colluvium. Gravel Entisols (Torriorthents, Dines, Chrisman, Kandaly, Frigid/ 6-10 75-100 0/32 Desert shrublands dominated by alkaline tolerant Rangeland: livestock grazing poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Landscape Ecology, v. 13, p.149 -165. Bailey, R.G., 1995, Description of the ecoregions of the United States (2nd ed.): Miscellaneous Fenneman, N.M., 1938, Physiography of eastern United States: New York, McGraw-Hill, 714 p. Basins terraces, and rolling alluvial fans. Streams are 50-200 and fan deposits. Areas of active and Torripsamments), Teagulf, Shellcreek, Debone, Aridic 42/88 shrubs and grasses; greasewood, Gardner saltbush, and wildlife habitat. Gas and Geological Survey, (map scale 1:1,350,000). ephemeral or weakly intermittent. Many streams are stabilized dune sand and loess. Underlain with Aridisols (Haplocalcids, Blazon, Moyerson shadescale, bud sage, and big sagebrush. Areas coal production. Trona mining in Publication No. 1391, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 108 p. + map. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1997, Forest type groups of the United States, scale Freeouf, J.A, 1997, Ecoregions and subregions of Region 2 - Subsections State of Wyoming, U.S. McNab, W.H., and Avers, P.E., comps., 1994, Ecological subregions of the United States - section 1:7,500,000, in Powell, D.S., Faulkner, J.L., Darr, D.R., Zhu, Z., and MacCleery, D.W., Forest incised and flow into playa areas. Substrate is Tertiary and Cretaceous siltstone, sandstone, Haplocambids, Natrargids) with stabilized sand dunes are dominated by alkali southwest. Uranium mining in the Bailey, R.G., Avers, P.E., King, T., and McNab, W.H., eds., 1994, Ecoregions and subregions of the Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Natural Resource descriptions: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Administrative resources of the United States: Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest commonly fine textured material or platy shale claystone, and areas of oil and shale cordgrass, Indian ricegrass, blowout grass, alkali Red Desert. United States (map) (supplementary table of map unit descriptions compiled and edited by Information Team, (map scale 1:500,000). Publication WO-WSA-5, 267 p. Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report gravels. Playas are seasonal and have high level of marlstone. wildrye, and needle-and-thread grass. McNab, W.H. and Bailey, R.G.): Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest RM-234, 132 p. Service, (map scale 1:7,500,000). Froiland, S.V., 1990, Natural history of the Black Hills and Badlands, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, The Reed, R.M., 1971, Aspen forests of the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming: The American Midland soluble salts. Center for Western Studies, 225 p. Naturalist, v. 86, no. 2, p. 327-343. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 1999, Census of agriculture, Barnes, C.P., and Marschner, F.J., 1933, Natural land-use areas of the United States: U.S. Department 1997, v. 2, subject series, part 1, agricultural atlas of the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. 18f. Laramie Basin 1719 Unglaciated. High elevation valley, nearly flat 7100-7900/ Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, Aridisols (Haplocalcids, McFadden, Bosler, Forelle, Frigid, Cryic/ 10-16 75-90 8/32 Mixed-grass prairie dominated by blue grama, Indian Rangeland: livestock grazing and of Agriculture, (map scale: 1:4,000,000). Griggs, R.F., 1938, Timberlines in the Northern Rocky Mountians, Ecology, v. 19, p. 548-565. Reed, R.M., 1976, Coniferous forest habitat types of the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming: The Government Printing Office, 163 p. floodplains, and low terraces. Streams and rivers are Tertiary gravels and fan deposits in stream Calciargids, Haplargids, Sinkson, Rawah, wildlife habitat. American Midland Naturalist, v. 95, no. 1, p. 159-173. 10-150 Aridic, Ustic 44/80 ricegrass, western wheatgrass, junegrass, Sandberg Bayer, K.C., 1983, Generalized structural lithologic and physiographic provinces in the fold and Hammond, E.H., 1970, Classes of land-surface form, in The national atlas of the United States of moderate gradient, riffle/run. Substrate is generally and floodplain areas. Areas of Tertiary soft Argicryids, Haplocambids), Thermopolis, Glendive, bluegrass, needle-and-thread grass, rabbitbrush, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation thrust belts of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey, (map scale 1:2,500,000). America: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, p. 62-63, (map scale 1:7,500,000). Reiners, W.A., and Thurston, R.C., 1995, Delineations of landtype associations within the Great Service), Various county soil surveys of Wyoming. cobble, glacial outwash material consisting of marine shale, claystone and silty sandstone. Entisols (Torriorthents, Chaperton, Alcova, fringed sage, and various forb and shrub species. Plains physiographic province of Wyoming, Bureau of Land Management and University of granite, limestone, and quartzite. Ustifluvents) Diamondville Blake, I.H., 1945, An ecological reconnaissance in the Medicine Bow Mountains: Ecological Hoffman, G.R., and Alexander, R.R., 1976, Forest vegetation of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, Wyoming Contract K-910-P40261: Laramie, Wyoming, University of Wyoming, Department U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, STATSGO soils data. Monographs, v.15, no. 3, p. 208-242. a habitat type classification: Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest of Botany, 64 p. Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 38 p. Unglaciated. Plains, nearly level floodplains and 4000-5800/ Quaternary alluvium and colluvium. Tertiary Entisols (Torriorthents, Mesic/ 5-9 Desert shrublands dominated by alkaline tolerant Irrigated agriculture along major U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1981, Land resource regions and major 18g. Bighorn Salt 4624 Persayo, Haverdad, Kishona, 100-125 0/32 Bryce, S.A., Omernik, J.M., Pater, D.E., Ulmer, M., Schaar, J., Freeouf, J., Johnson, R., Kuck P., Reiners, W.A., and Thurston, R.C., 1996, Delineations of landtype associations for the southwest land resource areas of the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, Desert Shrub rolling alluvial fans. Incised stream channels. Many 10-100 gravels derived from the Willwood Torrifluvents), Aridisols Griffy, Garland, Chipeta, Aridic, Udic 54/88 shrubs and grasses; greasewood, Gardner saltbush, rivers and streams producing and Azevedo, S. H., 1998, Ecoregions of North and South Dakota (2 sided color poster with Johnson, K.L., 1987, Rangeland through time - a photographic study of vegetation change in Wyoming, Bureau of Land Management and University of Wyoming Contract K-910-P50082: Agriculture Handbook 296, 156 p. + map. ephemeral streams. Severely altered hydrology due to Formation. Tertiary variegated claystone, (Haplargids, Natrargids) Greybull, Sayles, Stutzman, shadescale, birdfoot sagebrush, bud sage, saltgrass, barley, sugarbeets, alfalfa, corn, map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Wyoming 1870-1986: Laramie, Wyoming, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Laramie, Wyoming, University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 49 p. Wyoming, 188 p. Basins mosaic of irrigation diversion ditches. Many shale, and sandstone; some lenticular gold- Worland, Torchlight, and alkali sacaton. Riparian vegetation along the and big northern beans. Bentonite Survey, (map scale 1:1,500,000). U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1995, Census of agriculture, 1992, v. 2, subject Reiners, W.A., and Thurston, R.C., 1997, Delineations of landtype associations for southeast series, part 1, agricultural atlas of the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government ephemeral streams become perennial during bearing quartzite conglomerates. Cretaceaous Youngston, Apron, Wallson, major rivers consists of open deciduous woodland clay mining. 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