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A Preliminary Study on the Interfacial Strength of Red Abalone
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2016 A Preliminary Study On The nI terfacial Strength Of Red Abalone Saleh Jaman Alghamdi University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Alghamdi, Saleh Jaman, "A Preliminary Study On The nI terfacial Strength Of Red Abalone" (2016). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 633. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/633 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INTERFACIAL STRENGTH OF RED ABALONE A Thesis Presented by Saleh J Alghamdi to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Civil Engineering October, 2016 Defense Date: June 14, 2016 Thesis Examination Committee: Ting Tan, Ph.D, Advisor Jie Yang, Ph.D., Chairperson George Pinder, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College Abstract Nacre is a hierarchical material found within the tough shells of red abalone. Despite being composed of calcium carbonate, nacre exhibits remarkable mechanical properties resulting from the nanoscale brick-and-mortar structure made from aragonite polygons. The objective of this research is to elucidate the toughening mechanisms associated with the interfacial resistance of red abalone. -
Pearls and Organic Gemstones
Pearls and Organic Gemstones INTRODUCTION Pearls were probably the first discovered gems of significance. Because they need no cutting or treatment to enhance their beauty and are rare natural occurrences, they have most likely always been highly esteemed. Organic gemstones are anything created by living processes. We have looked at amber in the past, but bone, teeth (such as ivory), and shells all have some value and are used today as gemstones. Pearls in General A pearl is grown by a mollusk (a bivalve such as a clam, oyster, or mussel or snail [single shell = valve]) in response to an irritant. Bivalves (two shelled mollusks) that secrete pearls live in both fresh‐ and saltwater. The irritant in most cases is a parasite (though it could be a grain of sand or other object). The parasite, a worm or other creature, is walled off by a secretion of calcium carbonate and protein. The calcium carbonate is the same as the inorganic material that makes stalactites in caves, and the protein is called conchiolin. The combination of these two substances (calcium carbonate and protein) makes the pearl's nacre (Nacre is also called mother of pearl). The nacre is a lustrous deposit around the irritant and forms concentric layers (overlapping circles). Many concentric layers of nacre build up over a period of a few years creating a pearl. The internal pattern is much like that seen in a jawbreaker. The layers create a sheen or luster that has iridescence and is described as both pearly luster and if colors of the rainbow are present, the pearl's orient. -
Colored Gemstones Cultured Pearls
Cultured Pearls Colored Gemstones Diamond Council of America ©2016 Cultured Pearls In This Lesson: •A World Apart • Pearl Traditions • Natural Pearls • Cultured Pearls •Value Factors •Product Highlights • Culturing Sales A WORLD APART In Lesson 1 you learned that any kind of gem except diamond is considered a colored gem. Although pearls are included in that broad classification, they really belong to a world apart. Most customers recognize this instinctively, sensing a special appeal about pearls. There are several themes you can use in a sales presenta- tion to evoke or enhance pearl’s separate place in the gem kingdom: • Pearls are born in water. This intuitive contrast with other gems, which are dug from the ground, gives pearls an aura of gentleness, freshness, and fluid grace. • Pearls originate from life. While most gems are minerals produced by inanimate geology, pearls are organic. They come from living beings. Much of pearls’ mystique arises from this connection. • Pearls possess a beauty that’s all their own. Most gems depend on cutting or carving to reveal their charms, but pearls emerge gleaming from their shells. Cultured pearls are born in water and originate from living organisms. They Though certain factors of pearl value are comparable are natural in their beauty and classic to those of other gems, key considerations are unique. as a gem. Colored Gemstones 5 1 Cultured Pearls Cultured pearls are modern forms of a classic gem. They ® combine Nature’s creative power with human art and JA SPC SKILLS If you’re participating in the JA® science. You could even say that cultured pearls show how Sales Professional Certification people can work with the environment to make age-old Program™, this lesson presents infor- mation related to the following Skill beauty available now, and for future generations as well. -
Kaleidoscope One
KALEIDOSCOPE ONE STEFAN ZWEIG Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul 1 CONTENTS AMOK - 3 THE BURNING SECRET - 36 MOONBEAM ALLEY - 74 TRANSFIGURATION - 84 FEAR - 112 THE FOWLER SNARED - 137 THE GOVERNESS - 143 2 AMOK IN March, 1912, when a big mail-boat was unloading at Naples, there was an accident about which extremely inaccurate reports appeared in the newspapers. I myself saw nothing of the affair, for (in common with many of the passengers), wishing to escape the noise and discomfort of coaling, I had gone to spend the evening ashore. As it happens, however, I am in a position to know what really occurred, and to explain the cause. So many years have now elapsed since the incidents about to be related, that there is no reason why I should not break the silence I have hitherto maintained. I had been traveling in the Federated Malay States. Recalled home by cable on urgent private affairs, I joined the Wotan at Singapore, and had to put up with very poor accommodation. My cabin was a hold of a place squeezed into a corner close to the engine-room, small, hot, and dark. The fusty, stagnant air reeked of oil. I had to keep the electric fan running, with the result that a fetid draught crawled over my face reminding me of the fluttering of a crazy bat. From beneath came the persistent rattle and groans of the engines, which sounded like a coal-porter tramping and wheezing as he climbed an unending flight of iron stairs; from above came the no less persistent tread of feet upon the promenade deck. -
Does Abalone Nacre Form by Heteroepitaxial Nucleation Or by Growth Through Mineral Bridges?
Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, 1731-1740 1731 Does Abalone Nacre Form by Heteroepitaxial Nucleation or by Growth through Mineral Bridges? Tilman E. Scha¨ffer,*,† Cristian Ionescu-Zanetti,†,⊥ Roger Proksch,† Monika Fritz,†,‡ Deron A. Walters,† Nils Almqvist,†,| Charlotte M. Zaremba,§,⊥ Angela M. Belcher,‡,§ Bettye L. Smith,†,⊥ Galen D. Stucky,§,⊥ Daniel E. Morse,‡,⊥ and Paul K. Hansma†,⊥ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Marine Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; and Department of Physics, Luleå University of Technology, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden Received August 12, 1996. Revised Manuscript Received June 10, 1997X We present experimental support for a model of abalone nacre growth that is based on mineral bridges between successive aragonite tablets rather than on heteroepitaxial nucleation. Interlamellar sheets of organic polymers delineate the aragonite tablets but allow the tablets to grow mineral bridges through pores in the sheets. Atomic force microscope images of interlamellar organic sheets from flat pearls made by Haliotis rufescens (red abalone; marine gastropod mollusk) reveal a fibrous core and holes of 5-50 nm in diameter. Scanning ion conductance microscopy shows that these holes are actually pores through the interlamellar sheets. With the help of statistical analysis we can associate the pore-to-pore spacings in the interlamellar sheets with the observed offsets of successive nacre tablets. These results, supplemented by AFM, SEM, and TEM images, support and extend the model of biofabrication of gastropod nacre which is based on mineral bridges between the aragonite tablets. -
DIAMOND Natural Colorless Type Iab Diamond with Silicon-Vacancy
Editors Thomas M. Moses | Shane F. McClure DIAMOND logical and spectroscopic features con- Natural Colorless Type IaB firmed the diamond’s natural origin, – Diamond with Silicon-Vacancy despite the occurrence of [Si-V] emis- Defect Center sions. No treatment was detected. Examination of this stone indicated The silicon-vacancy defect, or [Si-V]–, that the [Si-V]– defect can occur, albeit is one of the most important features rarely, in multiple types of natural dia- in identifying CVD synthetic dia- monds. Therefore, all properties should monds. It can be effectively detected be carefully examined in reaching a using laser photoluminescence tech- conclusion when [Si-V]– is present. nology to reveal sharp doublet emis- sions at 736.6 and 736.9 nm. This Carmen “Wai Kar” Lo defect is extremely rare in natural dia- monds (C.M. Breeding and W. Wang, “Occurrence of the Si-V defect center Figure 1. Emissions from the Screening of Small Yellow Melee for in natural colorless gem diamonds,” silicon-vacancy defect at 736.6 and Treatment and Synthetics Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 736.9 nm were detected in this Diamond treatment and synthesis 17, No. 7–10, pp. 1335–1344) and has 0.40 ct type IaB natural diamond. have undergone significant develop- been detected in very few natural type ments in the last decade. During this IIa and IaAB diamonds over the past showed blue fluorescence with natural time, the trade has grown increasingly several years. diamond growth patterns. These gemo- concerned about the mixing of treated Recently, a 0.40 ct round brilliant diamond with D color and VS2 clarity (figure 1) was submitted to the Hong Figure 2. -
PDF Red List of Colombian Cultural Objects at Risk
RED LIST OF COLOMBIAN CULTURAL OBJECTS AT RISK BIAN T OF COLOM D LIS T RISK RE OBJECTS A CULTURAL S T E Illegal excavationL of archIaeological sites ( guaquería ) severs the connection between an object and its context, preventing properG identificEation of the Rartefact aOnd diminiUshing its cultural meaning. As a result, the scientific study of looted sites is very limited since information essential for reconstructing ways of life has been destroyed. Thefts from museums, churches, libraries and archives irreparably damage the integrity of Three thousand pre-Columbian items seized in 2004, collections, leaving gaps that distort the historical by the Administrative Department of Security, record. from a U.S. trafficker living in Colombia. © Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia (ICANH) Colombia’s National Campaign against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property seeks to protect Colombian heritage from such criminal acts, implementing its strategies through national and international agreements. It provides both courses and on-line training dedicated to spreading knowledge about movable cultural heritage, and to enhancing its appreciation, conservation and use. It also aims to strengthen legislation, and to publish guides, posters and informative brochures. ICOM contributes to these efforts with this Red List . If you suspect that a cultural object from Colombia may be stolen, looted or illegally exported, please contact: Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Police, Cultural Heritage Directorate of Heritage -
DNA Fingerprinting of Pearls, Corals and Ivory: a Brief Review of Applications in Gemmology Laurent E
FEATURE ARTICLE DNA Fingerprinting of Pearls, Corals and Ivory: A Brief Review of Applications in Gemmology Laurent E. Cartier, Michael S. Krzemnicki, Bertalan Lendvay and Joana B. Meyer ABSTRACT: This article reviews the extraction of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from biogenic gem materials (pearls, corals and ivory) for determining species identification and geographic/genetic origin. We describe recent developments in the methodology adapted for gem samples that is minimally destructive, as well as the successful DNA fingerprinting of cultured pearls from various Pinctada molluscs to identify their species. The DNA analysis methods presented here can also potentially be used for fingerprinting corals and ivory. The Journal of Gemmology, 36(2), 2018, pp. 152–160 http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2018.36.2.152 © 2018 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain iogenic gems—often called ‘organic gems’ which consists of CaCO3 as well as protein, glycosamino- (see Galopim de Carvalho, 2018, for a recent glycans and proteoglycans (Debreuil et al., 2012). They can discussion of terminology)—are some of the be coloured by carotenoids and other types of pigments. oldest-used gem materials and have been Finally, elephant ivory from African (Loxodonta spp.) Bcherished since pre-history (Hayward, 1990; Tsounis et and Asian (Elephas spp.) elephant tusks is comprised al., 2010; Charpentier et al., 2012). Rather than having a of collagen and carbonate-rich hydroxyapatite (dahllite, geological origin, these gem materials—such as pearls, Ca10[PO4]6[CO3] • H2O; Edwards et al., 2006). Ivory precious corals and ivory (e.g. Figure 1)—are products can be found in a large number of animal species, of of biomineralisation processes in which living animals which elephant ivory is the most studied due to its value, produce mineral substances (e.g. -
2013Winter.Pdf
Slippery Rock University Magazine TheROCK WINTER 2013 Color My World Kaleidoscope Arts Festival April 16-28 VIEW from the ROCK TheROCK Volume 15, Number 1 Council of Trustees: Eric L. Holmes, Chairperson John A. Hicks, Vice-Chairperson Robert Marcus, Secretary Courtney Baker-Schroat Thomas Breth Grace O. Hawkins Dennis E. Murray Robert S. Taylor Suzanne A. Vessella Joshua B. Young President Cheryl Norton Cabinet • Philip Way Dear Friends, Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs • Charles Curry February may be the shortest month of the year, but it certainly was a great month for Vice President for Finance and Administrative Affairs ‘gifts’ to the University. • Barbara Ender In early February, after nearly two years of negotiations, the Pennsylvania State Vice President for University Advancement System of Higher Education and APSCUF, the union representing the faculty system- • Constance Foley Vice President for Student Affairs wide reached a tentative agreement that averted a potential job action. As I write this, • Rita Abent the contract must still be ratified by the Board of Governors, but I am encouraged a Executive Director for University Public Relations settlement is within reach and there should be no interruption in classes. • Tina Moser A major contributor to the negotiation process was our own William Williams. Bill Assistant to the President retired in February as provost and vice president for academic affairs but not before Academic Leadership helping to bring home a contract as a member of the bargaining team. One might say • Kurt Schimmel Dean, College of Business, Information and Social Sciences it was his parting gift to PASSHE, APSCUF and SRU. -
Vintage Pearl Necklace with Diamond Clasp, NK-3522 the Diamond
Vintage Pearl Necklace with Diamond Clasp, NK-3522 The diamond-accented clasp in this vintage pearl necklace is dainty and elegant. Strung with round Akoya saltwater peals, this vintage jewelry piece secures with a platinum and 14k white gold navette-shaped clasp. Old European cut diamonds are arranged in a flirty bowtie down the center of the clasp. Details: Platinum and 14k white gold. Old European cut diamonds; 0.51 carats. Akoya saltwater pearls. Vintage, Circa 1930s Item # nk3522 Metal platinum and 14k white gold Circa 1930s Condition Very Good Diamond cut or shape old European cut Diamond carat weight 0.39 Diamond mm measurements 4.4 x 2.76 Diamond color G Diamond clarity SI1 Diamond # of stones 1 Diamond2 cut or shape old European Diamond2 carat weight 0.12 Diamond2 mm measurements 2.5 Diamond2 color E Diamond2 clarity SI1 and I1 Diamond2 # of stones 2 Number of pearls 52 Pearl shape near round Pearl size 7.5 - 8.2 Pearl color silver white Pearl overtone rose Other pearl info Akoya saltwater pearls, bright luster, slightly blemished complexion, adequate nacre, excellent matching Necklace length 460 mm [17.94 in] Clasp details Navette shaped clasp measuring 13x7x5mm. The clasp is platinum and the tongue is 14k white gold. Important Jewelry Information Each antique and vintage jewelry piece is sent off site to be evaluated by an appraiser who is not a Topazery employee and who has earned the GIA Graduate Gemologist diploma as well as the title of AGS Certified Gemologist Appraiser. The gemologist/appraiser's report is included on the Detail Page for each jewelry piece. -
Kaleidoscope Eyes by Jen Bryant, Alfred A
Teacher’s Guide Kaleidoscope Eyes by Jen Bryant, Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers, May 2009 Juvenile Fiction - Hardcover – Ages 9-13- $15.99 , 978-0-375-84048-7 Themes: Family Relationships Friendship Making Decisions / Ethics Trust Second Chances Connecting to the Curriculum: History Vietnam War Pirates and Captain Kidd Social Studies Challenging Stereotypes Science Reading Maps Archeology Rivers Over Time Language Arts Poetry Word Pictures Describing Characters Symbolism The Kaleidoscope About the Book When do you know it is okay to trust someone? Why do people you care about have to leave? When are things not what they seem? Buried treasure, the Vietnam War, friendship, and discrimination are just some of the interwoven themes in this remarkable novel by poet Jen Bryant. Teaching Guide for Kaleidoscope Eyes Written by Jen Bryant, published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers, May 2009, Teaching Guide copyright © 2009, Winding Oak. This teaching guide was prepared by Heidi Grosch. www.windingoak.com. It may be copied for classroom or library use but may not be reprinted or resold for commercial purposes. It’s 1968 and Lyza discovers her grandfather has left her a mystery to solve. She soon discovers, with the help of her two best friends Malcolm and Carolann, that the maps are clues to pirate Captain Kidd’s treasure in the middle of town. Now it’s up to three kids to find it, and along the way they discover more than just a buried trunk. Kaleidoscope Eyes follows their secret search and the unexpected outcomes its discovery brings. -
Producing Half-Pearls (Mabe)
Producing Half-Pearls (Mabe) 2006 Maria C. Haws, Simon C. Ellis and Eileen P. Ellis ii Producing Half-Pearls (Mabe) 2006 Haws, Maria C., Ellis, S.C. and Ellis, E.P. The Sustainable Coastal Communities and Ecosystems Program (SUCCESS) A Component of the Global Program for the Integrated Management of Coastal and Freshwater Systems (IMCAFS) Other contributing partners i This publication is available electronically on the Coastal Resources Center’s website at http://www.crc.uri.edu. For more information contact: Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA. Tel: (401) 874-6224; Fax: (401) 874-6920; Email: [email protected] Also available electronically on the website of the Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center, University of Hawaii Hilo at www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~pacrc. For more information, contact PACRC, University of Hawaii Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. Tel (808) 933- 0707; Fax (808) 933-0704; Email: [email protected] Citation: Haws, M.C., S.C. Ellis, and E.P. Ellis. 2006. Producing Half-Pearls (Mabe). Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, University of Dar es Salaam, University of Hawaii, Hilo and the Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. pp. 17. Disclaimer: This manual is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, the Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center at the University of Hawaii-Hilo and the Coastal Resources Center at the University Rhode Island as part of the Sustainable Coastal Communities and Ecosystems (SUCCESS) Program and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Government.