h k - l a w y e r . org CORPORATE 解鎖僵局 Mechanism Unlocking theDeadlock 企業 LAND LAWLAND 消防安全指示對賣方出售其物業的能力有何影響 Ability toSellHisProperty How FireSafetyDirectionsAffect aVendor’s 土地法 Face to Face with CoverStory Winnie Tam 譚允芝 專 訪 封面專題 M ay
2018 FAMILY LAW 香港的代孕法所面對的複雜情況 Surrogacy Law Complexities inHongKong 家庭法 SC HK$308 二零一八年五月 SC SC Stay ahead of the curve with speed
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4362_080_Speed_ALB_Lawyer_Full_Page_01jc.indd 1 3/28/18 1:24 PM www.hk-lawyer.org Hong Kong Lawyer 香港律師 The official journal of The Law Society of Hong Kong (incorporated with limited liability) 香港律師會 (以有限法律責任形式成立) 會刊 HONG KONG LAWYER www.hk-lawyer.org THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會會刊 Editorial Board 編輯委員會 Chairman 主席 Huen Wong 王桂壎 Inside your May issue Jenkin SF Chan 陳少勳 五月期刊內容 Nick Chan 陳曉峰 Peter CH Chan 陳志軒 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 Elliot Fung 馮以德 Steven Brian Gallagher Warren P Ganesh 莊偉倫 Gu Minkang 顧敏康 Julienne Jen 任文慧 Dave CK Lau 劉子勁 Byron TW Leung 梁東華 Michelle KM Tsang 曾憲薇 Adamas KS Wong 黃嘉晟 Tony YH Yen 嚴元浩 THE COUNCIL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF 18 COVER STORY HONG KONG 香港律師會理事會 President 會長 Thomas ST So 蘇紹聰 Vice Presidents 副會長 Melissa K Pang 彭韻僖 Amirali B Nasir 黎雅明 Council Members 理事會成員 Stephen WS Hung 熊運信 Huen Wong 王桂壎 Michael J Lintern-Smith 史密夫 Billy WY Ma 馬華潤 Cecilia KW Wong 黃吳潔華 34 CORPORATE Brian W Gilchrist 喬柏仁 Denis G Brock 白樂德 Nick Chan 陳曉峰 Bonita BY Chan 陳寶儀 Mark Daly 帝理邁 CM Chan 陳澤銘 Serina KS Chan 陳潔心 Warren P Ganesh 莊偉倫 Simon SC Lai 黎壽昌 40 LAND LAW Roden ML Tong 湯文龍 Robert C Rhoda 羅睿德 Jonathan Ross 羅彰南 4 EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話 Secretary General 秘書長 會長的話 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
Law Society’s Contact: www.hklawsoc.org.hk 8 CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者 與律師會聯繫 Tel: +852 2846 0500 10 FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題 Annual Subscription 全年訂閱: HK$3,696 13 LETTER TO HONG KONG LAWYER 給《 香 港 律 師 》的 信 Thomson Reuters Hong Kong Limited 16/F, Cityplaza 3, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong 6 1 FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊 Tel: +852 2847 2088 www.thomsonreuters.com 18 COVER STORY 封面專題 Face to Face with ISSN 1025-9554 專訪 Winnie Tam SC 譚允芝SC © Copyright is reserved throughout. No part of this publication can be reproduced in whole or 律師會新聞 part without the express permission of the editor. 24 LAW SOCIETY NEWS Contributions are invited, but copies of work should 34 CORPORATE 企 業 be kept, as Hong Kong Lawyer can accept no 解鎖僵局 responsibility for loss. Unlocking the Deadlock Mechanism 40 LAND LAW 土 地 法 How Fire Safety Directions Affect a Vendor’s 消防安全指示對賣方出售其物業的能力 Ability to Sell His Property 有何影響 May 2018 二零一八年五月 HK$308
Editor 編輯 46 FAMILY LAW 家 庭 法 Navin G. Ahuja Complexities in Hong Kong Surrogacy Law 香港的代孕法所面對的複雜情況 [email protected] Tel: +852 2841 5837 53 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視
Managing Editor 執行主編 70 CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要 Ranajit Dam 鄧文杰 [email protected] 79 LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊 Tel: +65 6870 3393 Rise of Short Term Contracts in the Legal Market 法律市場短期合約的興起
Design and Production 設計及制作 82 PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向 Samson Pang 彭振生 [email protected] 87 LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情 My life with Hockey 曲棍球與我 Translation team 翻譯組 InfoPower 90 CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞 Tang Mei Kwan
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79 LEGAL MARKET All information and views expressed by contributors and advertisements in Hong Kong Lawyer do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of The Law Society of Hong Kong. Whilst every effort is made to ensure editorial and commercial integrity, no responsibility is accepted by the Publisher or The Law Society of Hong Kong for the accuracy of material appearing in this journal. Members are encouraged to contribute but the Editorial Board of The Law Society of Hong Kong reserves the right to publish only 87 LAWYERS AT LEISURE material it deems appropriate. Your New Answer to Title Problems in Hong Kong FIRST AMERICAN TITLE INSURANCE
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EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話
Technology is the topic of the year. However, reproductive technology, 技術是今年的話題。然而，生殖技術，尤其是代孕， in particular surrogacy, is commonly misunderstood. For couples 是通常被誤解。對於那些不能或選擇不按自然方式生 who cannot or choose not to have children naturally, they might ask 孩子的夫妻，他們可能會要求某人代為懷孕並為他們 someone to carry and deliver a pregnancy for them rather than opting 生育，而不是選擇收養。這被稱為代孕。即使世上沒 for adoption. This is known as surrogacy. Although there is no such thing as a free lunch, the Family feature discusses potential criminal 有免費午餐這樣的事情，但家事法專欄討論了與商業 ramifications and risks vis-à-vis commercial surrogacy. (p. 46) 代孕相關的潛在犯罪後果及風險。(第50頁) People are constantly thinking about how to invest and make money, 人們不斷思考如何投資與賺錢，這就是合營企業越來 which is why joint ventures have become increasingly popular. A joint 越受歡迎的原因。合營企業是指兩個或兩個以上的合 venture is where two or more parties or businesses work together (as 作方或企業(合成一個單位)共同運作，並共享資源以 one) and share their resources to achieve a commercial objective. 實現商業目標。然而，商業夥伴之間的分歧是不可避 However, disagreements between business partners are unavoidable, 免的；當越多商業夥伴時就越難以解決衝突。企業專 and the more business partners there are, the harder it becomes to resolve conflicts. The Corporate feature examines the requirement for 欄檢視了合營協議中對鎖定機制的要求。(第37頁) deadlock mechanisms in joint venture agreements. (p. 34) 香港蓬勃發展的樓市一直是一個熱門話題。土地法專 The booming property market in Hong Kong has always been a topical 欄解釋了消防安全指引方面如何影響了賣家出售其物 issue. The Land Law feature explains how fire safety directions affect a 業的能力。(第43頁) vendor’s ability to sell his or her property. (p. 40) 律師閒情專欄記載Emma de Ronde為香港足球會打 The Leisure section features Emma de Ronde who plays field hockey 曲棍球，並連續兩年贏得香港曲棍球協會甲級聯賽冠 for the Hong Kong Football Club and won the first division league of 軍。(第88頁) the Hong Kong Hockey Association (HKHA) two years straight. (p. 87) Finally, all good things must come to an end - this will be my last 最後，一切美好的事情也須結束 - 這將是我作為《香 issue as Editor of Hong Kong Lawyer. I am grateful to have had an 港律師》編輯的最後一期。我很感激有大量讀者鼓勵 inspiringly large audience, and I hope in return we have kept you 我，我也希望能令你們閱讀愉快及獲得更多知識作為 entertained and well informed. 回報。
Navin G. Ahuja Navin G. Ahuja Editor, Hong Kong Lawyer 《香港律師》編輯 Legal Media Group Thomson Reuters Legal Media Group 湯森路透 [email protected] [email protected]
4 www.hk-lawyer.org 1st time in Hong Kong for 1 day only! Sold out in Singapore to almost 90 attendees!
Blockchain, Distributed Ledger & Smart Contracts: Understanding The Law & Regulation For “Industry 4.0”
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Agenda
9.00am 11.00am • Where does loss lie in the 3.15pm Welcome and introductions IoT, distributed ledger and event of a hack? Contract law, contractual supply chains • What are the key differences drafting and interpretation 9.15am • The key to “frictionless” between “permissioned” and • Drafting for “hybrid” smart Hype and reality international trade and “permissionless” blockchain? contracts • What is “blockchain”, border clearance? • Who is liable if IoT • Creating and enforcing valid ”distributed ledger” and • Free zones and “virtual” free equipment is hacked for use guarantees, indemnities and “smart contract” technology? zones in a cyber-attack? performance bonds • Where and how is it being • Data pipelines and “end-to- • Can a judge or arbitrator applied in practice? end” tracing 1.00pm “read” a smart contract? • Will the technology survive • Whose system? Government Networking Lunch the Bitcoin crash and ICO procurement, or government 4.15pm scandals? access? 2.00pm Commercial applications and • Confidentiality and data Business structures and use cases 9.45am protection. Can distributed “decentralized autonomous • Shipping and logistics “Smart”, “Connected” and ledgers ever meet data organisation” • Manufacturing “Data driven” contracts protection law requirements? • What is a DAO? • Asset tracing and supply • What is a “smart” contract? (i) In concept chain management • Legal, regulatory and 12.00pm (ii) In practice • Land and corporate registration data protection issues. Are Cyber security and hacking • Can DAOs be identified, • Creating and managing “smart” contracts legally risks regulated and taxed? digital identity: government valid and enforceable? • Blockchain and DLT: “hack- • Will DAOs bend to the law, or services, investigation • Jurisdiction, governing law proof” or “hack-evident”? will the law bend to DAOs? and law enforcement and and enforcement • Is blockchain really consumer protection “immutable”? 3.00pm 10.45am • Genuine hack or exploitation Afternoon Tea-Break 4.45pm Morning Tea-Break of vulnerable code? Q&A • May 2018 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話
International Commercial Court and Article 8 be increasing collaboration between the two jurisdictions, for instance, in the of Lawyers Law development of the Great Bay Area. The Council of the Law Society pays a litigants and transnational and cross- With respect to the legal sector, an courtesy visit to the relevant authorities border disputes. The rules and procedures effective way to facilitate a deeper and institutions in Beijing every year. adopted in the proceedings often have little understanding of each other’s system The visit offers a valuable opportunity or no connection to those adopted in the is to qualify into the legal profession of for Council members to have a face-to- domestic courts in the same jurisdiction. the other jurisdiction. In Hong Kong, face interactive exchange with Mainland Further, foreign lawyers have greater rights the Overseas Lawyers Qualification officials on the issues facing the solicitors’ of audience than in the domestic courts, Examination (‘OLQE’) is in place to enable profession in Hong Kong. so in some cases, the parties, counsel a legal practitioner qualified outside Hong and judges may all be from different Kong to sit an examination on specified 15 Council members joined the Beijing visit jurisdictions. subjects to gain admission as a Hong Kong this year on 9 and 10 April. The obvious justification for the solicitor without having to go through the As always, there is so much to do, but so establishment of such an international trainee solicitor route as in the case of a little time. Within the limited time frame of court is that the traditional judicial system law graduate. This gives due recognition our stay in Beijing, we focused most of our that is used to serving a single domestic to the overseas legal qualification and discussions on exploring new opportunities jurisdiction is no longer sufficient to deal experience of the candidates. In the for our members in the Mainland. These with the rise of international disputes process of studying and training for discussions were naturally centered involving multi jurisdictions. admission as a Hong Kong solicitor, around the Belt and Road Initiative and an overseas lawyer will become fully the development of the Great Bay Area. Hong Kong practitioners trained in conversant with the laws and legal practice the common law system that most It was reported in the press earlier this requirements of Hong Kong. international investors are familiar with year that a new dispute resolution system will have a significant role to play. During There is no similar reciprocal arrangement to handle commercial disputes arising our visit to the Supreme People’s Court for Hong Kong solicitors to qualify as from the Belt and Road Initiative would be in Beijing on 10 April, we conveyed our Mainland lawyers. The Law Society has introduced in the Mainland. The proposal keen interest in and what Hong Kong been advocating the application of Article was for the Supreme People’s Court to solicitors can offer in the development of 8 of PRC’s Lawyers Law or other similar set up three international commercial the international commercial courts in mechanism to put in place an OLQE courts in separate cities, namely, one in the Mainland. According to the Supreme equivalent for Hong Kong solicitors who Xian to handle the land-based Silk Road People’s Court, the proposal on the have relevant experience in the much Economic Belt, a second one in Shenzhen international commercial courts is being needed practice areas of, for instance, to deal with cases from the Maritime finalised and is expected to be published international law, securities law and others. Silk Road and a third as headquarters in around June 2018. The Law Society will There is no better way to incentivize Hong Beijing. keep a close watch on the development. Kong people to actively gain a better There appears to be a recent trend in understanding of the Mainland legal “One Country, Two Systems” is a unique establishing international commercial system. concept that allows two different legal courts. Examples can be found in systems to co-exist. There is a strong We reiterated this proposal to the Ministry four jurisdictions including the Dubai consensus in Hong Kong that there should of Justice (‘MoJ’) during the recent Council’s International Financial Centre Courts, the be continual respect between the two visit to Beijing with specific reference Qatar International Court, the Abu Dhabi legal systems, while the distinctiveness to the Great Bay Area where there will Global Market Courts and the Singapore of the common law tradition should be be increasing collaboration among International Commercial Court. One maintained in Hong Kong under the Basic members of the legal profession in the two unique feature of these courts is that they Law. This harmony can only be achieved jurisdictions. The practice of a Hong Kong operate differently from the domestic with a thorough mutual understanding solicitor as a Mainland lawyer qualified courts in the same jurisdiction. They permit of how and why each other’s system under Article 8, we proposed, can be judges from foreign jurisdictions to serve works. The maintenance of this harmony limited to the Great Bay Area at the initial on the Bench. The commercial disputes is crucial, in particular when there will stage. The MoJ has noted the proposal heard in these courts often involve foreign
6 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會 長 的 話
國際商事法庭及《律師法》第八條
律師會理事會每年均會禮節性拜訪北京的 分認識彼此的系統運作及為何如此運作， 有關部門和機構。拜訪為理事會成員提供 才能實現和諧。保持這種和諧關係至為 寶貴機會，與內地官員就香港律師行業面 重要，尤其是兩管轄區之間的合作越來越 對的問題進行面對面的互動交流。 多，例如在大灣區。 今年4月9日至10日，15位理事會成員前 對於法律界，給予另一司法管轄區的法律 往北京進行拜訪。 專業人士執業資格，是促進對彼此法律體 一如往年，是次拜訪時間短促，行程緊 系更深入了解的有效方法。在香港，海外 密。我們在北京逗留的時間有限，大部分 律師資格考試（OLQE）讓在香港以外的 討論集中探索會員在內地的新機遇，當然 合法執業律師參加指定科目的考試，以取 圍繞一帶一路和大灣區的發展。 得香港律師的資格，而無須如本地法律畢 業生般通過實習律師過程。這充分肯定了 據今年較早時的報導，內地將推出一個 律師的海外法律資格和經驗。在學習和訓 解決一帶一路商業爭議的新機制。根據建 練以取得香港律師資格的過程中，外地律 議，最高人民法院將在三個城市設立三個 師將充分熟悉香港的法律和執業要求。 國際商事法庭：一個在西安，負責處理陸 上絲綢之路經濟帶；一個在深圳，處理海 香港律師要獲得內地的執業資格，卻沒 上絲綢之路的案件；另一個是總部，位於 有類似的互惠安排。律師會一直主張應 北京。 用《中華人民共和國律師法》第八條或 其他類似機制，為香港律師，尤其是在 建立國際商事法庭似乎是近期的趨勢，計 國際法、證券法等急需的執業領域具相 and will consider the issues that may arise 有四個司法管轄區先有設立：杜拜國際金 from it. These reforms will no doubt take 關經驗者，提供相等於OLQE的執業資格 融中心法院、卡塔爾國際法院、阿布扎比 time and we will continue lobbying for this. 考試。這是鼓勵香港人積極認識大陸法 全球市場法院和新加坡國際商業法院。這 系的最佳方法。 Apart from the above, another major area 些法院的一個獨特之處在於其運作模式與 that we will follow up after the Beijing 當地的法院有所不同，允許外國法官出任 我們在最近的北京之行向司法部重申了這 visit is the invitations we received from 個提議，並特別提到，在大灣區兩地的法 the State-owned Assets Supervision and 法官，所聆訊的商業爭議往往涉及外國訴 律專業人員的合作將越來越多。我們建 Administration Commission (‘SASAC’) and 訟人及跨國和跨境糾紛。訴訟採用的規則 China Federation of Industrial Economics 和程序與當地法院採用的規則和程序甚至 議，香港律師根據第八條獲得內地律師資 (‘CFIE’) to nominate speakers at the 毫不相干。此外，相比起本地法院，外地 格的做法，初步可於大灣區試行。司法 seminars that they will organise during 律師在這些法院享有更大的出庭發言權， 部已備悉該建議，並將考慮可能產生的問 the coming months. The opportunities to 因此在某些情況下，當事人、律師和法官 題。毫無疑問，改革需時，我們將繼續為 speak at these seminars before audiences 此進行遊說。 of state-owned enterprises and industrial 可能來自不同的司法管轄區。 associations and enterprises are valuable 設立國際法院，是由於單一司法管轄區的 除此之外，北京訪問後的另一個主要工 for the purpose of promoting Hong Kong’s 傳統司法系統，已不足以處理日益增加的 作，是律師會獲國務院國有資產監督管理 legal profession to a vast pool of potential 涉及多個司法管轄區的國際爭議。 委員會和中國工業經濟聯合會邀請，派員 legal service users. 在未來數月的研討會上發言人。有機會在 Last but not the least, the Law Society 在大多數國際投資者熟悉的普通法體系中 這些研討會上發言，向國有企業和行業協 also took the opportunity to exchange 接受訓練的香港律師，將扮演重要角色。 會代表講話，將有助向大量潛在法律服務 views with the Beijing authorities on the 我們在4月10日拜訪北京最高人民法院 使用者推廣香港的法律服務。 development of legal aid and media reports 時，表達了對此建議的強烈興趣，及香港 on the arrests of human rights lawyers in 律師對發展內地國際商事法院能作出的貢 最後，律師會亦藉此機會就發展法律援 the Mainland, as well as the position of the 獻。據最高人民法院稱，關於國際商事法 助及媒體報導有維權律師在內地被捕的事 Law Society on the co-location issue with 院的建議正在敲定，預計將於2018年6月 件，與北京當局交換意見，並重申了律師 reference to the Law Society statement on 會在2018年1月18日發表的聲明中提出對 18 January 2018. 左右出台。律師會將密切關注有關進展。 一地兩檢問題的立場。 「一國兩制」的獨特概念允許兩種不同的 法律體系共存。香港有強烈共識，兩個法 律制度之間應繼續互相尊重，而普通法傳
Thomas So, President 統應根據《基本法》繼續在香港保留。充 蘇紹聰 會長
www.hk-lawyer.org 7 • May 2018
CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者
Xin Fang 方心 Mayer Brown JSM, Senior Associate 孖士打律師行 高級律師 Xin Fang holds a First-Class Honours Master’s Degree 方心持有英國劍橋大學商業法一級榮譽 in Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. 碩士學位。她自2010年加入孖士打律 She has worked at Mayer Brown JSM since 2010, 師行以來，一直從事國際併購、企業合 focusing on international mergers and acquisitions, 資、私募股權投資等商業法律服務。 joint ventures and private equity transactions.
Emma de Ronde Emma de Ronde Norton Rose Fulbright, Partner 諾頓羅氏富萊特 合夥人 Emma de Ronde is a Norton Rose Fulbright Emma de Ronde是諾頓羅氏富萊特駐香港的 partner based in Hong Kong. She is a corporate 合夥人。Emma de Ronde是一位企業事務的 partner who has extensive experience in cross 合夥人，在跨境合併收購、國際股權資本市 border M&A, international equity capital markets 場和企業諮詢工作方面，擁有豐富的經驗。 and corporate advisory work. She is highly regarded as a dynamic and commercially minded 她獲尊崇為一位充滿活力和有商業頭腦的交 deal maker, and has a reputation for being 易促成者，並因行事務實和能促成交易而享 pragmatic and getting a deal across the line. 有聲譽。在2013年，Emma被評為 Financial In 2013, Emma was named in Financial News News 40位40歲以下的一位新星: 法律服務 40 under 40: The rising stars of legal services. 的新星。在2015年，Emma被評為其中一位 In 2015, Emma was named in the Asian Legal Asian Legal Business 40位40歲以下新星。 Business 40 under 40. In 2017, Emma was 在2017年，Emma獲2017年度「一般企業 recognised in the 2017 Client Choice Awards for General Corporate advice. 諮詢客戶選擇獎」。
8 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者
Prisca Cheung 張信靈 Sir Oswald Cheung’s Chambers, Barrister-at-law 張奧偉爵士大律師事務所 大律師 Prisca Cheung is a barrister at Sir Oswald Cheung’s 張信靈是張奧偉爵士大律師事務所的一 Chambers. She has completed her legal studies 名大律師。 她在牛津大學修畢法律課 at the University of Oxford, and was a recipient of 程，並獲得了Middle Temple Advocacy the Middle Temple Advocacy Scholarship. Prisca’s 獎學金。 張信靈大律師的業務範圍涵蓋 practice covers a wide range of civil and commercial cases, with an emphasis on land and probate matters. 廣泛，包括民事和商業案件，專注土地 She has worked and advised on areas including tax, 和遺囑驗證事宜。 她曾就稅務、“證券 the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap 571), 及期貨條例”（第571章）、司法覆核、 judicial review, insurance and matrimonial. Prisca 保險及婚姻等方面工作及提供意見。 張 is a contributing editor to the Hong Kong Civil 信靈大律師是《香港民事訴訟程序》（H Procedure (Part H: Companies and Winding-up), and 部分：公司及清盤）的特約編輯，也是 is a committee member of the Greater China Affairs 香港大律師公會大中華事務委員會的委 Committee of the Hong Kong Bar Association. 員。
Marcus Dearle Marcus Dearle Berwin Leighton Paisner in association with 博聞律師事務所聯合凱利何律師事務 Haley Ho & Partners, Partner 所 合夥人 Marcus Dearle is a partner and Global Head of Marcus Dearle是博聞律師事務所聯合凱 Family Asset Protection at Berwin Leighton Paisner 利何律師事務所的合夥人及全球家族資產 in association with Haley Ho & Partners. He is 保障部的主管。他在香港特區、英格蘭及 qualified in Hong Kong SAR, England & Wales and the BVI. He is Vice Chair of the IBA Family Law 威爾士和英屬處女群島均有執業資格。他 Committee and a Fellow of the IAFL. In April 2018 是國際律師會家事法律委員會副主席和國 Bryan Cave merged with Berwin Leighton Paisner to 際家事法律師學會的資深會員。2018年4 form Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner. 月，Bryan Cave與博聞律師事務所合併組 建Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner。
Camilla Worthington Camilla Worthington Lewis Sanders Legal Recruitment, Lewis Sanders Legal Recruitment Head of Private Practice 私人執業部主管 Camilla graduated from Edinburgh University with Camilla在2003年畢業於愛丁堡大學，獲 an MA (Hons) in Economics and Economic History 得經濟及經濟史榮譽碩士學位。Camilla in 2003. Camilla trained and qualified at Manches 在倫敦曼徹斯接受培訓並取得資格。隨 in London. Subsequently she spent nearly 5 years 後，她在Nabarro工作了近5年，專攻房 at Nabarro specialising in Real Estate Litigation. At Lewis Sanders, Camilla heads up the Private Practice 地產訴訟。在Lewis Sanders，Camilla帶 team working with lawyers at associate, counsel and 領私人執業團隊與律師、顧問和合夥人 partner level. She handles both in-house and private 一起工作。她負責整個地區的機構內部 practice recruitment across the region. 及私人執業的招聘工作。
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FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題
Public Engagement - Establishment of a 公眾諮詢 - 成立兒童事務委員會 Commission on Children 行政長官在《2017年施政報告》宣布，政府計劃於 The Chief Executive in her 2017 Policy Address announced that the 2018年年中成立「兒童事務委員會」，集中相關政策 Government planned to set up a Commission on Children in mid-2018 局╱部門和關心兒童權益的團體，以聚焦處理兒童問 to amalgamate the efforts made by relevant bureaux/departments and 題。為此，政府於2017年9月成立了一個由行政長官 child concern groups on children’s issues. A Preparatory Committee 主持的籌備委員會，就兒童事務委員會的地位、職權 chaired by the Chief Executive was convened in September 2017 to 範圍、結構、組成及初步工作計劃向行政長官提供意 advise the Chief Executive on the status, terms of reference, structure, composition and initial work plan for the Commission on Children. 見。 In November 2017, the Government launched a public engagement 2017年11月，政府發起了公眾諮詢，就下列與兒童事 to seek views on the following issues relating to the Commission on 務委員會的問題徵詢意見： Children: a) 委員會的預期角色、功能及組成； a) the expected role, functions and composition of the Commission; b) 委員會的架構，例如在委員會轄下成立的工作小組 b) the structure of the Commission, eg the types and focuses of working groups to be set up under the Commission; 的類型及焦點； c) the priority areas or issues to be addressed by the Commission on c) 委員會於首兩年應優先處理的範疇或事項； Children in the first two years; d) 委員會可委託進行以促進其工作的任何獨立研究和 d) any suggested independent research studies or reviews to be 檢討建議； commissioned by the Commission to facilitate its work; e) 在委員會轄下設立的任何資助計劃；如有的話，其 e) any funding schemes to be set up under the Commission, and if so, 目標、資助準則及目標申請人；以及 their objectives, criteria for funding and target applicants; and f) the themes and approach for the Commission to undertake f) 委員會籌辦推廣和公眾教育項目的主題及方向。 promotional and public education initiatives. 律師會提交了意見書，回應上述公眾參與，當中提 In response to the above engagement, the Law Society has made a 議了委員會應優先處理的事項，包括提高兒童權利 written submission to advocate, among other things, the priorities that 意識、建立兒童中心數據庫和推廣以兒童為中心的理 the proposed Commission should focus on. Such include raising the awareness of children’s rights, building a children’s central databank 念。律師會認為，長遠來說，香港應設立獨立且具法 and promoting child-focused thinking. The Law Society considers that 律授權的兒童事務委員會，落實履行《聯合國兒童權 in the long run, Hong Kong should have an independent Commission 利公約》的條款。 on Children, with its own mandate as recommended by United Nations 意見書的全文可瀏覽： Convention on the Rights of the Child. http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ The full submission is available at submissions/20180228.pdf http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20180228.pdf
10 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理 事 會 議 題
CONSULTATION ON THE PROPOSED 有關建議修訂《單位信託及互惠基金守 AMENDMENTS TO THE CODE ON UNIT TRUSTS 則》的諮詢文件 AND MUTUAL FUNDS 證券及期貨事務監察委員會(「證監會」)於2017年 The Securities and Futures Commission (‘SFC‘) on 18 December 2017 12月18日發表了有關建議修訂《單位信託及互惠基 launched a consultation on its proposed amendments to the Code on Unit 金守則》(《守則》)的諮詢文件(「諮詢文件」)。修 Trusts and Mutual Funds (‘Code‘) (‘Consultation Paper‘). The amendments 訂旨在革新證監會認可基金的監管制度，並妥善應 aim (i) to update the regulatory regime for SFC-authorised funds and 對金融創新及市場迅速發展所帶來的風險。 (ii) to address risk posed by financial innovation and fast-moving market developments. 諮詢文件主要建議： The consultation mainly includes proposals to:- a) 將適用於管理公司的最低資本規定由100萬港元 a) increase the minimum capital requirement for management companies 提高至1,000萬港元；提供靈活性以容許跨國營 from HK$1 million to HK$10 million; provide flexibility to allow 運的管理公司可借助集團資源來符合關鍵人員 management companies with multinational presence to leverage group 須具備五年公眾基金投資管理經驗的規定；及 resources in meeting the five-year public fund investment management 加強對受託人及保管人的要求和審核規定。 experience; and enhance the requirements for trustees and custodians b) 增加普通基金可投資的衍生工具種類和對普通 and for audit review. 公眾基金為投資目的而使用的衍生工具設立 b) expand the types of derivatives which plain vanilla funds may invest in, 50%整體上限；在使用衍生工具和證券借出、 and introduce an overall limit of 50 percent on the use of derivatives for 回購及逆向回購交易方面加強並增設保障措 a plain vanilla public fund; enhance safeguards on the use of derivatives and securities lending, repo and reverse repo transactions. 施。 c) introduce new chapters in the Code for listed open-ended funds and c) 在《單位信託守則》內加入有關上市開放式基 closed-ended funds, and enhance existing requirements on money 金及封閉式基金的新章節；加強對貨幣市場基 market funds to align with the standards issued by the International 金的現行規定，以確保相關規定切合國際證監 Organization of Securities Commissions. 會組織所訂的相關標準。 SFC proposes to also codify various existing requirements and practices, 證監會又建議將多項現行要求及慣例編纂為守則條 including, among others, requirements for the general obligations of 文，當中包括關乎管理公司的一般責任、受託人及 management companies, eligibility of trustees and custodians, valuation 保管人的資格、基金資產的估值、流動性風險管理 of fund assets, liquidity risk management and streamlined measures for 及計劃更改的簡化處理措施等方面的規定。此外， handling scheme changes. Furthermore, under the proposal, there will be 證監會建議，《守則》中的修訂內容在刊憲後生效 a 12-month transition period from the date when the amendments become effective upon its gazettal (‘Effective Date’) in order to allow for compliance (「生效日期」)起計12個月的過渡期從之後方須遵 with amendments to the Code (unless otherwise indicated as being 守(除非下文的落實時間另有指明是即時生效日期起 immediately effective from the Effective Date). 計)。 With the assistance of the Investment Products & Financial Services 律師會在投資產品及金融服務委員會的協助下已就 Committee, the Law Society has provided its views on those consultation 諮詢問題提供意見。律師會意見書的全文可瀏覽： questions. The details of the submissions are available at: http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20180227b.pdf submissions/20180227b.pdf
CONSULTATIONS ON OTC DERIVATIVES AND 有關場外衍生工具及操守風險的諮詢 CONDUCT RISK 證監會於2017年12月20日發表了諮詢文件，就微 On 20 December 2017 the Securities and Futures Commission (‘SFC’) issued 調場外衍生工具制度及規定持牌法團須妥善管理對 a consultation paper to refine the over-the-counter (‘OTC’) derivatives regime 有關連人士的財務風險承擔的建議徵集意見。 in Hong Kong and to propose conduct requirements to address risks posed 證監會於2013年發表了有關規管場外衍生工具的主 by group affiliates (the ‘Consultation Paper’). 體法例的諮詢總結，並於2014年制定《證券及期貨 As a result of the consultation conclusion released by SFC on the primary 修訂條例》，修訂《證券及期貨條例》(第21章)附 legislation for the regulation of OTC derivatives in 2013 and the enactment of 表5以引入兩類新增受規管活動：(i)場外衍生工具產 the Securities and Futures (Amendment) Ordinance in April 2014, Schedule 5 to the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 21) (‘SFO’) was amended 品交易或就場外衍生工具產品提供意見(第11類受 to introduce (i) the dealing in or advising on OTC derivatives (Type 11); and 規管活動)；及(ii)為場外衍生工具交易提供客戶結算
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(ii) the providing of client clearing services for OTC (Type 12) as regulated 服務(第12類受規管活動)。從事此等活動的市場參與 activities (‘RAs’) under the SFO. Market participants engaging in these 者必須向證監會取得牌照。 activities should obtain a license(s) from the SFC. 引入第11及第12類受規管活動後，證監會因應市場 After the introduction of Type 11 and Type 12 RAs, SFC noted some 對場外衍生工具發牌制度的意見而建議對受規管活動 comments from the market on the scope of these RAs and proposed to 範圍作出微調，明確場外衍生工具發牌制度，例如， refine their scope to provide clarity on the OTC derivatives licensing regime, 收窄某類受規管活動的範圍，使其不涵蓋非金融集團 for example, to narrow the scope of certain RAs so that they do not capture 的企業財資活動、某些投資組合壓縮服務及海外結算 corporate treasury activities of non-financial groups, certain portfolio 成員及其代理人的活動。 compression services and overseas clearing members and their agents. The Consultation Paper also includes proposals on risk mitigation, 諮詢文件亦包括與場外衍生工具交易風險紓減、客戶 client clearing, record keeping and other conduct requirements for OTC 結算、紀錄備存和操守規定有關，以及新的場外衍生 derivatives transactions, as well as licensing fees, insurance, competence 工具發牌制度下有關牌照費用、保險、勝任能力及持 and training requirements under the new OTC derivatives licensing 續培訓的建議規定。證監會並建議規定持牌法團須妥 regime. It further proposes to require licensed corporation to properly 善管理對集團聯屬公司及其他有關連人士的財務風險 manage their financial exposures to group affiliates and other connected 承擔，而在管理有關財務風險承擔時所採納的風險管 persons according to the same risk management standards they would 理標準，應與其管理對獨立第三方的財務風險承擔時 apply in respect of exposures to independent third parties undertaken by 所採納的風險管理標準相同，藉此盡量降低連鎖效應 the licensed corporations on an arm’s length basis in order to minimise interconnectedness risk. 風險。 The Law Society considers the proposals to be broadly appropriate and 考慮到國際證券事務監察委員會組織的報告及新制度 proportional in nature, bearing in mind the International Organization 洐生的問題，律師會認為這些建議大體上恰當並在性 of Securities Commissions context and the novel issues created under 質上合乎比例。監察新的制度，以免出現意料之外的 the incoming regime. It will be important to monitor the new regime for 後果，並能盡早補救是非常重要的。證監會的建議具 unintended consequences and to remediate issues arising. Elements of the 靈活性，並因而獲得認同。 flexible approach intended and stated by the SFC are to be welcomed. 律師會意見書的全文可瀏覽： The full submission of the above is at: http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20180227a.pdf submissions/20180227a.pdf
CONSULTATION FROM THE STOCK EXCHANGE 香港聯合交易所有限公司的諮詢文件 OF HONG KONG LIMITED 新興及創新產業公司上市制度的諮詢文 CONSULTATION ON “A LISTING REGIME FOR 件 COMPANIES FROM EMERGING AND INNOVATIVE 香港聯合交易所有限公司(「聯交所」)於2018年2月 SECTORS” 23日發表了新興及創新產業公司上市制度的諮詢文 The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (‘SEHK’) had on 23 February 件(「諮詢文件」)。 2018 launched a public consultation on “A Listing Regime for Companies 諮詢文件中的建議遵循2017年12月發表的《建議設 From Emerging and Innovative Sectors” (the ‘Consultation Paper’). 立創新板諮詢總結》中的「未來發展方向」。聯交所 The proposals in the Consultation Paper closely follow the “Proposed Way 的最新建議包括在《主板規則》新增章節(a)容許尚 Forward” set out in the New Board Concept Paper Conclusions published in December 2017. The latest proposals from SEHK includes drafting the 未通過任何主板財務資格測試的生物科技發行人來港 Main Board Listing Rules to (a) permit listings of biotech issuers that do 上市；(b)容許不同投票權架構的公司在港上市；及 not meet any of the financial eligibility tests of the Main Board of SEHK; (b) (c)新設便利第二上市渠道接納中華及海外公司來香 permit listings of companies with weighted voting rights structures; and 港作第二上市。 (c) establish a new concessionary secondary listing route for Greater China and international companies that wish to have a secondary list in Hong 理事會在公司法委員會的協助下審議該諮詢文件。律 Kong. 師會支持對《上市規則》的建議修訂。律師會意見書 The above consultation was considered by Council with the assistance 的全文可瀏覽： of the Company Law Committee of the Law Society. The proposed http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ amendments to the Listing Rules are supported. A copy of the submissions/20180328.pdf submissions can be found on the Law Society’s website: http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20180328.pdf
12 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LETTER TO HONG KONG LAWYER 給《 香 港 律 師 》的 信
Letter to Hong Kong Lawyer 給《 香 港 律 師 》的 信
By Dini Sejko1 and Flavia Marisi2
The Chinese Redemption: From Food Scandals to 中國獨善其身：由食物醜聞到全球主要的 Leading Global Food Safety Policy 食物安全政策 Melamine in the infant formula, Fipronil Dutch eggs, and mad 嬰兒配方奶粉含三聚氰胺、荷蘭雞蛋含農藥芬普 cow disease: Hong Kong’s and China’s counterattack in food safety 尼，還有瘋牛症：中港兩地迎擊食物安全危機 crises 東南亞國家聯盟（東盟）及歐洲聯盟（歐盟）是中國、香 Food scandals, involving Hong Kong, China, and their trade partners 港的貿易夥伴。牽涉中港兩地及東盟、歐盟的食物醜聞已 ASEAN and the European Union (EU), have become frequent. The 經變得屢見不鮮。市場人士主要關注的是監管機構的反 reactions of regulators are a major concern for market actors. A 應。香港中文大學法律學院聯同意大利駐香港及澳門總領 conference organized by CUHK Law, the Consulate General of Italy in Hong Kong and Macao, and the Marco Polo Society gathered leading 事館、馬可孛羅會（Marco Polo Society）合辦一場研討 expert to address legal issues of food security and food safety, and 會，匯聚權威專家探討食物保障及食物安全的法律問題， their implications on trade and investment, and on consumers. 以及相關法律對貿易投資和消費者的影響。討論重點是食 Discussions were focused on barriers and bans to food imports, food 物進口壁壘及禁制、食物標籤、食物業的國際協議、網上 labelling, international agreements in the food sector, online food 食物銷售，以及地理標誌的認可。 sale, and recognition of geographical indications (GIs). 香港中文大學（中大）Mercurio教授論述香港預先包裝食 Professor Mercurio (CUHK) discussed Hong Kong labelling laws of pre-packaged food products, arguing that the laws address in a 物的標籤法例，指出香港市場規模小，本地生產的食品很 sensible manner the problem of information contained on labels 少，法例是以切合實際的辦法，解決標籤所載資料不符合 which do not comply with the Hong Kong food safety standards, 香港食物安全標準的問題。然而，Mercurio教授發現執法 taking into account the small size of the market and low level of 程序存在缺失――依賴超級市場及其他零售商用人手刪除 locally produced food products. However, Mercurio found default 標籤上違反香港規定的資料――就是執法不一，甚至可能 in the enforcement process - which relies on supermarkets and 歧視進口產品，因而有可能違反世界貿易組織框架下的義 other retailers to manually delete, from labels, information which 務。 contravenes Hong Kong rules - for being inconsistent and perhaps even discriminatory against imported products, which, in turn, may 中國從不同方面化解食物醜聞。在中國內地，有關當局 breach obligations under the WTO framework. 明顯改善並收緊法律框架。新法規引用極高的標準，強 China has tackled food scandals with a comprehensive approach. 制實施從後趕上。中國亦在Codex Alimentarius委員會（ Domestically Chinese authorities have significantly improved and 「CAC」）制定國際標準的工作上擔當重要角色。CAC負 tightened the legal framework. New laws and regulations apply 責協調食物安全標準，現有188個成員國。中國主持並帶 extremely high standards, and the enforcement is catching up. 領兩個重要的委員會：一個是關於除害劑殘餘的，另一個 China is also playing an important role in international standard 是關於食物添加劑的。
1 Ph.D. Candidate, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Law and 1 香港中文大學法律學院攻讀哲學博士學位者及Tufts Research Affiliate at Tufts University, SovereigNET, The Fletcher School of University, SovereigNET, The Fletcher School of Law and Law and Diplomacy Diplomacy研究成員 2` Research Assistant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Law and 2` 香港中文大學法律學院研究助理及Ghent University攻讀哲學博 Ph.D. Candidate at Ghent University 士學位者
www.hk-lawyer.org 13 • May 2018
setting within the Codex Alimentarius Commission, a body with 188 中國更加在意，也更有興趣加強管制食物業，因而與歐盟 Members worldwide that works to harmonize food safety standards. 合作，磋商一份地理標誌協議。雙方在2017年6月發布一 China hosts and leads two important committees: on pesticides 份地理標誌產品（中歐雙方各100個）的清單，包括烟台 residues, and on food additives. 蘋果、橫縣茉莉花茶、盤錦大米、香檳、菲達（Feta）反 China’s greater attention and interest to better regulate the food 古岡左拉（Gorgonzola），清單上的地理標誌是雙方互相 sector results in a cooperation with the EU on negotiating an 認可的，目的是識別產品來源地，保障消費者。 Agreement on GIs. The two parties published, in June 2017, a list of 100 GIs from each side including products such as Yantai apple, 儘管中國和歐盟之間存在共識和善意，但在處理某些歐 Hengxian jasmine tea, Panjin rice, Champagne, Feta and Gorgonzola, 洲製食品的進口時，依然遇上麻煩，歐洲製軟芝士和啤 which are mutually recognized, with a view to protecting consumers 酒進口中國可能仍有問題。事實上，歐盟國家的交易商 by identifying products as originating in a given place. 最近面臨一種破壞貿易的混亂情況。軟芝士，例如古岡 Notwithstanding the existence of common grounds and goodwill 左拉、金文畢（Camembert）、比力（Brie）、洛克福 between China and the EU, troubles persist when dealing with the （Roquefort），雖然早已列在受保障的地理標誌產品清單 acceptance of certain European-produced food, i.e. soft cheese 上，但去年10月之前已被禁止進口好幾個月，直等到歐盟 and beef, whose import in China might still be problematic. In fact, 代表團作出澄清，中國當局才解除禁制。另一方面，歐洲 recently EU traders faced a confusing situation that disrupted trade. 牛肉的進口卻達不到一樣的積極成果。瘋牛症在上世紀80 Soft cheeses such as Gorgonzola, Camembert, Brie, and Roquefort were banned for several months until last October, even though they 年代最先在英國出現，由於有歐盟國家發現瘋牛症個案， already were in the list of protected GIs. Only after the EU delegation 中國對歐盟牛肉的進口特別小心謹慎，很多歐盟成員國 provided clarifications, the Chinese authorities lifted the ban. On the 至今仍然面對禁令。市場准入不對等決定了中歐的貿易關 other side, the outcome has not been as positive on the import of 係，而牛肉進口只是雙方現時關係上的炙熱話題之一。目 European beef. Due to the mad cow disease, which first appeared 前，歐盟成員國必須各自地通過協商解決進入中國市場的 in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, China is particularly cautious 問題，但這種情況在歐盟生產商之間產生不平衡。 about EU beef imports and many EU Member States still face a ban. The issue of beef import is only one of the hot topics in the EU-China 電子商務通過網上平台獲得成功，但如果監管不善，對於 trade relations determined by the non-reciprocity of market access. 食物產品的聲譽或會造成一些危險，連帶影響消費者。例 Currently, EU Member States have to individually negotiate access 如paninogiusto.com及paninogiusto.net過往的擁有人與登 to the Chinese market and this creates unbalances between EU 入的公司並無關係，使用這類具誤導性的域名可能令消費 producers. 者受騙。Chaisse教授（中大）表示，在餐飲業之中，濫用 The success of e-commerce through online platforms might pose 域名註冊已經引起2,000多宗爭議。有關機構，例如在北 threats to the reputation of food goods and affect consumers if 京和香港設有秘書處的亞洲域名爭議解決中心，幫助成功 not duly regulated. The use of misleading domain names such as 解決這些爭議。 paninogiusto.com and paninogiusto.net have had owners who were not associated with the referred company, and might have deceived 從中國及香港在食物安全危機中的反應可見，兩地在監管 consumers. Professor Chaisse (CUHK) indicates that abusive 層面果斷應對國內和海外的食物安全問題。然而，實施和 registrations of domain names in the food and beverage sector have 執行方面的工作依然未見順利，有時甚至給外國食品進 provoked more than 2,000 disputes. Institutions, such as the Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre based in Beijing and Hong 口商增添麻煩。在較大程度上參考國際標準可能有助避免 Kong, help to successfully solve these disputes. 這些矛盾，同時亦促進貿易投資，惠及食品生產商和消費 者。 China’s and Hong Kong’s reactions in food safety crises demonstrate a decisive approach in addressing food safety concerns at the 有關詳情請參閱：www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/FoodandLaw_ regulatory level, both domestically and internationally. However, conf implementation and enforcement are still not smooth, and may sometimes be even problematic for importers of foreign food. A greater reference to international standards might help to prevent these inconsistencies, while at the same time fostering trade and investments, benefiting food producers and consumers. For more information, see: www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/FoodandLaw_conf
14 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LETTER TO HONG KONG LAWYER 給《 香 港 律 師 》的 信
News from Hong Kong Society of Notaries 香港國際公證人協會新聞稿
At its Annual General Meeting on 11th October 2017, the Hong Kong Society 香港國際公證人協會於2017年10月11日假座香港 of Notaries appointed 13 Councilors for the coming term. In February 2018, 會舉行會員週年大會，並委任了13名新一屆理事。 Mr. Chu Kuo Fai and Ms. Lam Yuet Ming Emily were further co-opted as 於2018年2月, 諸國輝先生及林月明女士被增選為 Council Members. 本會理事。
The Society is pleased to announce that Mr. Robin Miles Bridge and Ms. 本協會欣然宣佈Robin Miles Bridge（喬立本）先生 Elsie Oi Sie Leung, GBM, JP, have been elected as members to the Roll of 及梁愛詩女士，大紫荊勳賢、太平紳士，已獲選列 Honour for their distinguished service to the Society, its Council and the 入公證人榮譽名冊，以表揚彼等對本協會、本協會 development of the notarial profession in Hong Kong. 理事會及香港公證專業發展的傑出貢獻。 The Society currently has 372 members, the majority of which have over 本協會現時有372名會員，大部分會員均擁有15年 15 years post-admission qualification as solicitors. Notaries Public are 以上的律師執業資格。國際公證人的主要工作是編 primarily concerned with the preparation and authentication of documents 製及驗證供海外使用的文件，在國際貿易上有極其 for use abroad, serving a vital role in international trade. 重要的角色。 The last Notaries Public examination was held in 2015 when 22 out of 201 candidates who sat for examination passed the qualifying examination. We 最近一次國際公證人考試於2015年舉行，當時共有 plan to hold our next qualification examination in February or March 2019. 201人到考，其中22名考生通過該資格試。本協會 Solicitors with 7 years’ post-qualification experience will be eligible to sit for 擬於2019年2月或3月舉行下一次資格考核試。具 examination. A training course on notarial practice and bills of exchange 備7年執業資格的律師將符合應考資格。一個有關 will be held in August 2018. 公證實務及匯票的培訓課程將於2018年8月展開。
Details of the examination and the training course will be announced in 有關考試及培訓課程之詳情將在2018年5月透過 May 2018 through the Law Society of Hong Kong and in our website at 香港律師會公佈，並將刊載於本協會網站www. www.notaries.org.hk. n notaries.org.hk。n
www.hk-lawyer.org 15 • May 2018
FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊
Ms. Heidi Chu, Secretary General 秘書長朱潔冰律師
Commitments by the Legal Sector in FTAs 法律界對自由貿易協定的承諾 Articles 114 and 115 of the Hong Kong Basic Law provides that Hong Kong 香港《基本法》第一百一十四條及第一百一十五條規 shall maintain the status of a free port, pursue the policy of free trade and 定，香港特別行政區保持自由港地位，實行自由貿易 safeguard the free movement of goods and capital. Article 116 further 政策，保障貨物和資本的流動自由。第一百一十六條 provides that Hong Kong shall be a separate customs territory, and may, 進一步規定，香港為單獨的關稅地區，可以「中國香 on its own, using the name “Hong Kong, China”, maintain and develop relations and conclude and implement agreements with foreign states 港」的名義與外國、地區或國際組織保持和發展關 and regions or international organisations in the appropriate fields. 係，及在適當的領域簽訂和實施協定。
Pursuant to these provisions, the Hong Kong Government has been 根據這些規定，香港政府一直推動建立一個自由、開 promoting a free, open and stable multilateral trading system as well as 放和穩定的多邊貿易體系，探索保持和改善香港出口 exploring opportunities to secure, maintain and improve market access 市場准入的機會。 for Hong Kong’s exports. Hong Kong has been a member of the World Trade Organisation (‘WTO’) 自世界貿易組織於1995年成立以來，香港一直是其成 since its establishment in 1995. Article 116 of the Basic Law provides 員。《基本法》第一百一十六條為香港在1997年後以 the basis for Hong Kong to continue to maintain its separate WTO 「中國香港」的名義，保持世貿組織單獨締約成員的 membership after 1997 using the name “Hong Kong, China”. 身份提供基礎。 Free trade agreements (‘FTAs’) with Hong Kong’s trading partners is a way to secure favourable conditions for exports of goods and services 與貿易夥伴達成自由貿易協定，是鞏固香港向內地和 from Hong Kong to the Mainland and international markets. 國際市場出口貨物和服務的有利條件。 Hong Kong has signed six FTAs, respectively with Mainland China 香港分別已與中國內地（2003年6月）、新西蘭 (June 2003), New Zealand (March 2010), the Member States of the （2010年3月）、歐洲自由貿易聯盟成員國（2011年 European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (June 2011), Chile (September 6月）、智利（2012年9月）、澳門（2017年10月） 2012), Macao (October 2017) and the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) (November 2017). Hong Kong is now negotiating FTAs 和東南亞國家聯盟（東盟）（2017年11月）簽訂自 respectively with Georgia, Maldives and Australia. 由貿易協定，現正與格魯吉亞、馬爾代夫和澳洲談判 The FTA negotiation with Georgia and Maldives were launched in May 中。 2016. Both are emerging markets. Entering into FTAs with them is 與格魯吉亞和馬爾代夫的自由貿易協定談判於2016年 expected to help further expand Hong Kong’s FTA network into regions 5月啟動。與這兩個新興市場簽訂自由貿易協定，有 including Eurasia. 望進一步將香港的自由貿易區網絡擴展至歐亞大陸地 One year later in May 2017, the FTA negotiation between Hong Kong and 區。 Australia was also officially launched. Australia was Hong Kong’s 19th largest trading partner while Hong Kong was Australia’s 13th largest 一年後在2017年5月，香港與澳洲的自由貿易協定談 trading partner in 2016. Both have a heavily service-oriented economy. 判也正式啟動。澳洲是香港第19大貿易夥伴，而香港 Better market access for trade in services was featured as a key element 是澳洲2016年的第13大貿易夥伴。兩地均擁都有高度 of the negotiation. 服務型經濟。更開放的服務貿易市場准入，是談判的 As stated publicly on the official website of the Foreign Affairs and 關鍵要素。 Trade Department of the Australian Government, its objectives in
16 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律 師 會 秘 書 處 資 訊
the FTA negotiation with Hong Kong are, among others, to create 正如澳洲政府外交和貿易部官方網站的公佈，澳洲 conditions for greater trade in services by locking in market openness 與香港的自由貿易協定談判，目的是通過鎖定開放 for continued access to the Hong Kong market and providing new 市場，為服務貿易創造條件，繼續獲得香港市場准 commercial opportunities for service suppliers; to reduce or remove local 入，並為服務供應商提供新的商機；減少或消除當 presence requirements and to ensure internal regulations, recognition of 地的要求，並確保內部法規、認可資格、許可或註 qualifications, licensing, or registration, and other related measures are not disguised restrictions on trade in services and information about them 冊以及其他相關措施不會成為對服務貿易的限制， is publicly available, to the extent possible. 並且盡可能公開有關服務貿易的信息。
The Law Society has been invited to give views on locking the current 律師會獲邀就鎖定目前海外律師進入香港法律服務 level of market openness for access by overseas lawyers to the Hong Kong 市場的開放程度提出意見，並承諾除非有具體的保 legal service market and committing not to introduce any trade restrictive measures that are incompatible with the existing level of openness in the 留，未來不會引入任何與現行開放程度不相符的貿 future unless specific reservations have been made. Before responding, 易限制措施。回覆前，律師會將通過調查聽取業界 the Law Society will gauge the views of the profession via a survey. If 的意見。會員如有任何意見，請就調查作出回覆。 members have views, please respond to the survey. Further, in the 此外，2018年3月號的《香港律師》「會長的話」 President’s Message of the March 2018 issue of Hong Kong Lawyer titled 一欄以《對外地律師的開放規管制度》為題，也邀 “An open regulatory regime for foreign lawyers”, views have also been 請了會員對香港外地律師的監管制度運作提出看 invited from members on the operation of the foreign lawyer regulatory regime in Hong Kong. Your views are welcome as they are most valuable 法。會員的意見對律師會制定立場甚具價值，歡迎 in formulating the Law Society’s position. 會員提出。
Market access is two-way. It covers not only access to the Hong Kong legal 市場准入是雙向的，不僅涵蓋外地律師進入香港的 service market by overseas lawyers but also access to overseas market by 法律服務市場，亦涵蓋香港律師進入海外市場的渠 Hong Kong lawyers. If our members have encountered any specific market 道。若會員在任何特定司法管轄區遇到任何市場准 access or practice challenges in any particular jurisdictions including regulatory issues, customs procedures or cross-border supply of services, 入或執業問題，包括監管問題、海關程序或跨境服 you are most welcome to let us know. All these practical experiences and 務供應，歡迎告知我們。這些實踐經驗和具體案 specific case examples are very helpful in illustrating the areas that the 例，均有助向有關部門展示需要改善的領域。 relevant authorities will need to work on.
Monthly Statistics on the Profession 業界每月統計資料 (updated as of 31 March 2018): (截至2018年3月31日)：
Members (with or without Practising Certificate) 10,844 會員(持有或不持有執業證書) 10,844 Members with Practising Certificate 9,451 持有執業證書的會員 9,451 (out of whom, 7,105 (75%) are in private practice) (當中有7,105位 (75%) 是私人執業) Trainee Solicitors 1,179 實習律師 1,179 Registered Foreign Lawyers 1,506 (from 34 jurisdictions) 註冊外地律師 1,506 (來自34個司法管轄區) Hong Kong Law Firms 893 (47% are sole proprietorships and 香港律師行 893 (獨資經營佔47%，2至5名合夥人的 42% are firms with 2 to 5 partners, 21 are limited liability 律師行佔42%，21間為按照《法律執業者條例》 partnerships formed pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Registered Foreign Law Firms 85 (14 are limited liability partnerships formed 註冊外地律師行 85 (14間為按照《法律執業者條例》 pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Civil Celebrants of Marriages 2,107 婚姻監禮人 2,107 Reverse Mortgage Counsellors 446 安老按揭輔導法律顧問 446 Solicitor Advocates 54 訟辯律師 54 (49 in civil proceedings, 5 in criminal proceedings) (民事程序：49位，刑事程序：5位) Student Members 213 學生會員 213 Registered Associations between Hong Kong law firms and 37 香港律師行與外地律師行 37 registered foreign law firms (including Mainland law firms) (包括內地律師行)在香港聯營
www.hk-lawyer.org 17 • May 2018
Face to Face with Winnie Tam SC
By Navin G. Ahuja
EDUCATION Rodway QC, and managed to save but she was determined to pursue Winnie was educated at St Paul’s some money in order to enable her to it even by self-study. In the end, she Co-educational College in Hong Kong pursue further studies abroad. She was wrote a dissertation paper on music before she read law at the University accepted to read LL.M. at University copyright on her own as part of the of Hong Kong. At first, Winnie decided College London. During that time, she graduation requirements. “To me, IP is by way of elimination that she wanted was also seconded to a set of chambers a subject that is very close to the daily to become a barrister. “I decided to in London specialising in intellectual lives of ordinary people, at least when become a barrister as soon as I had property law. When it was time for compared with banking, corporate law, completed my summer internship with the term-end examination, Winnie commercial law, personal injuries and a law firm, mainly doing conveyancing was invited to return to Hong Kong so crime. I felt it come to life when I started work, which was considered the most she could take up a patent case on an studying it, and it has never stopped lucrative work in the mid 1980s. Most urgent basis. The case later became the evolving alongside the progression of of my classmates wanted to become first patent trial in Hong Kong. “I do not human society. New issues keep arising, solicitors. But I have always been a have much regret about not completing calling for new ways of application of contrarian growing up, so I was already the exams, but in hindsight, I learned the law and reforms. That is why I love it telling myself it was not for me. The that I could have asked for the exams to so much to this day.” be deferred! I did not know at the time, internship confirmed it beyond doubt.” When she started at the Hong Kong and I happily gave it up in favour of Winnie also had an offer to join a major Bar as a pupil, she felt that she should “doing the real thing” in court.” City firm to do “China trade”, as it was train in general practice in order to called in those days but turned it down INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY gain a broader experience to enable because she didn’t find it interesting. her to commence practice. So she “I did not fancy always travelling to Winnie is the first woman intellectual pursued pupilage not in IP, but in China in those days so I declined. I quite property specialist to be appointed general civil law and in crime. She was enjoyed public speaking and debating, Senior Counsel of the Hong Kong Bar determined to go to London to pursue and writing and organising arguments, by the Chief Justice. “My interest in a further year of specialised training although in those days there were no IP springs from my lifelong interest in IP from renowned practitioners who opportunities in school to develop these in music. Even as a school girl wrote some of the best textbooks on skills. In the first half of my pupilage, with no resources, I was already the subject. Moreover, international it became obvious to me that I was making amateur attempts in music commercial litigation involves conflict in the right profession. I very much composition. I became aware of of laws – a subject that had always enjoyed the action in court where one music copyright and found it quite been very interesting to Winnie. With has to respond instantly to all sorts of fascinating.” At the University of Hong the increase in cross-border trade and happenings.” Kong, IP was offered as two half elective commerce, it has only become more subjects for the first time in her third and more relevant, particularly with the After graduation, she practiced for year. As it turned out, she was unable two years at the Chambers of Gilbert rise of arbitration as a favoured means to fit the course into her timetable, of dispute resolution in international
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www.hk-lawyer.org 19 • May 2018
Chairman between the years 2015 and 2017. During tumultuous times, when the wider public was more interested in hearing the Bar’s opinion on political matters, she managed to balance the inevitable need of the association to deal with politics against the even more pressing need to do real work in expanding practice opportunities for the Bar, and more importantly, in creating an awareness for the need to change the mindsets of barristers when it came to practice development. But her current role brings with it its challenges as well. “My present position as Chair of the Communication Authority commercial dealings, with or without IP a drag especially when it becomes less will present significant challenges, but elements. rewarding in material terms than you I am yet to feel the brunt of it after the thought it might be.” initial two months. I am sure they will THREE TIPS In her own life, Winnie lives by three come.” The role of the Communications Winnie shared three tips for succeeding mottos that are most helpful to her. The Authority is that of a watchdog, as a lawyer. “First, I would say keep first is with regard to how she conducts guarding the interest of the public your eyes and ears open, and embrace herself. The second has to do with how as users of telecommunication and changes, instead of dodging reality she chooses her words when it comes broadcasting services, advancing and or resisting the waves of change. to human relationships: “it is easy for balancing the interests of members of Maintaining this mindset at all times people with training as an advocate the related industries, regulating the is very important, as changes always to forget they are not always in verbal conduct of licensees, ensuring the fair happen faster than you think. Once combat.” The third has to do with how distribution of resources (eg allocation you have developed lethargy or a fear she thinks about things around her, for of bandwidth) and shaping policies of change, it will take so much longer her own emotional health. The three on all the above duties. “I see my role for you to get back to a neutral position mottos are: 1) never stop learning; 2) 話 as a moderator of what sometimes before you can get up and running 到口中留半句，理從是處讓三分 which will be seen as conflicting duties and to catch up! Second, do not confine means “never utter hurtful words in views, where I hope to be guided by the your professional interests to one or harsh criticism - give a little concession principle of fairness. On the shaping two areas. Be open-minded about even though you may be entirely in the of policies, I hope to be open-minded, developing new areas of practice, even right”; and 3) when you cannot change cautious, yet progressive.” though you may feel very cosy in the one the undesirable things that happen or two areas you have been successful around you, you can change the way you PASSION FOR PUBLIC in. Third, pursue areas of law that you look at them. SERVICE are really interested in, rather than Winnie is truly passionate about public those you would only do because they CHALLENGES service. She has been involved with the are lucrative. Interest sustains passion. Winnie says her greatest challenges West Kowloon Cultural District Board Without passion, your pursuit becomes have come during her stint as Bar for more than a year now. “Although I
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consider myself very much an amateur ADVICE FOR LAWYERS their standard of professionalism and concepts of rule of law, in truth many of musician, having raised two musical When asked about the most pressing them are even more advanced than we children, my passion in supporting issues facing the legal profession in are in terms of professional exposure fledgling artists in the performing Hong Kong and how those issues and global outlook because of their arts has never waned. My position as should be addressed, she said: “For hunger for knowledge and overseas one of the trustees of the HKJC Music both branches of the profession, it is exposure. The window of opportunity and Dance Funds also enabled me about building the ability and flexibility for Hong Kong lawyers to stay in to see the needs of young artists with to adapt to the fast-changing practice the position of leadership is forever high potential at close range, and to environment. We should not fear fair dwindling.” n bring about reforms in the relevant competition, but should embrace rules to better focus on providing for them and find our own respective their needs.” Winnie has also been positioning that will enable our potential involved as a board member of the to be realised. For those who face Tourism Board in the past few years. difficulties in finding their positions in ” It also broadened my perspective of the legal services market, they must Hong Kong, and I was able to view it find the courage to move on to greener from the lens of visitors and potential pastures elsewhere. A broad outlook, visitors.” She is additionally involved adaptability, industry, and courage in Advisory Committee on Corruption are what I consider to be some of the of the ICAC. “My work in ICAC initially most important qualities for lawyers, in the Operations Review, started over or indeed all professionals, of this ten years ago.” Finally, she is also on generation.” the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission as a representative of the Are Hong Kong lawyers well prepared Bar. for the rapid developments in the world economy and the growing Winnie shared her view on the collaboration and comperition proposed development of the with legal practitioners from Greater Bay Area. “I would say this different jurisdictions? “Some is the most grounded proposal for are more prepared than the development of Hong Kong others. Those who are in recent years. With the backing unprepared and unable of the mainland and Hong Kong to compete will be governments, the opportunities are blaming others for enormous for Hong Kong professionals. their misfortune, For lawyers, some form of collaboration such as insufficient or association with mainland firms government may be seen to be advantageous if funding, etc. In fact not essential as a start, but before the profession itself law firms and individual practitioners should bear the primary jump at the opportunity to collaborate, responsibility of creating it is highly important to take the its own sustainability. Our opportunity to achieve a good mutual interactions with mainland understanding of each others’ style of practitioners will continue practice, capabilities, and strengths to heighten. While and weaknesses. The association, in most of them are very order to be successful and sustainable, humble and claim to will have to be complementary and have much to learn not exploitative, substantial and not from Hong Kong superficial.” lawyers, especially in
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專 訪 譚允芝SC
作者 Navin G. Ahuja
教育 學取錄修讀LL.M。在英期間，她成功爭 說，與銀行法、公司法、商法、人身傷害 譚允芝資深大律師畢業於聖保羅男女中 取到倫敦一所專門從事知識產權法律的 和犯罪相比，知識產權與日常生活更息息 學後，在香港大學修讀法律。畢業後， 大律師行見習。到了期末考試時，她獲 相關。它隨著人類社會進步不斷發展。新 她決定當大律師。「我在大學完成夏季 邀請回港，緊急處理一宗專利案件。該 問題不斷出現，需要新的法律和改革。這 實習後，便馬上決定當大律師。那家律 案後來成為香港首個在香港高等法院經 就是我醉心知識產權的原因。」 歷正審和上訴的專利案件。「當時我沒 師行主要從事房地產轉讓，在80年代 在港擔任見習大律師時，她覺得應該進 有對不能完成碩士考試感到遺憾，但事 中是最賺錢的業務。我大多數同學都想 行一般執業，以獲取更廣泛的經驗。因 後看來，我其實可以要求考試延期！當 當事務律師。我自小已喜歡與別不同， 此，見習期時她並非從事知識產權方面 時我不知道，而且我很樂意放棄考試， 所以我已一直告訴自己事務律師工作 的工作，而是一般民法和刑事法。她決 在法庭上參與實戰。」 不適合我。實習期證實了這一點。」她 心前往倫敦，跟隨編寫知識產權教科書 亦獲聘加入一間大型律師行處理「中國 知識產權 的著名大律師，進一步學習知識產權專 貿易」，但她因為沒有興趣而拒絕了。 業。此外，她亦一直對國際商業訴訟的 她是第一位獲委任為資深大律師的香港 「當時我不想經常去內地公幹，所以拒 法律糾紛甚有興趣。隨著跨境商貿日 女性知識產權專家。「我對知識產權的興 絕了。我喜歡公開演講和辯論、寫作和 增，這個議題越來越受關注，特別是在 趣源自我對音樂的愛好。即使在學時期資 組織論證，儘管那時學校沒有機會發展 國際商業交易中，不論是否涉及知識產 源短絀，我已開始創作音樂。我開始注意 這些技能。在大律師實習期的前半段， 權，仲裁已成為解決爭議的優先方法。 到音樂版權，發現這個議題非常有趣。」 我感覺自己選對了職業。我非常喜歡上 在香港大學第三年時，首次有知識產權的 庭，在庭上必須立即回應各種情況。」 三個提示 選修科目提供。雖然礙於時間她無法選修 她分享了成為成功律師的三個提示。「 她在Gilbert Rodway QC的大律師行執業 該課程，但她決心自學。最後，她自行撰 首先，睜開眼睛，打開耳朵，接受新事 了兩年，才前赴外國深造。她獲倫敦大 寫了關於音樂版權的畢業論文。「對我來
22 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題
物，而不要逃避現實或抗拒時代的變 熱心公職 寄語律師 遷。隨時保持這種思維非常重要，因為 她一直熱心公職，一年多前開始參與西九 被問及香港法律界面對的最迫切的問題 變化總是來得比想像中快。一旦陷入不 文化區管理局的工作。「我認為自己是個 為何，以及如何解決這些問題時，她 思進取，害怕時代變遷，便需要更長時 業餘音樂愛好者，培養了兩個熱愛音樂的 說：「為了適應迅速變化的執業環境， 間才能振作起來趕上腳步；其次，不要 孩子後，我對支持新晉表演藝術家的熱情 必須努力建立法律專業的能力和靈活 把專業興趣局限在一、兩個領域。即使 從未減退。作為香港賽馬會音樂和舞蹈信 性。我們不應害怕公平競爭，反而應該 你在一、兩個已成功開發的領域感到非 託基金的信託人之一，使我能親身了解具 擁抱競爭，找出自己的定位，實現本身 常愜意，也要對開發新的執業領域持開 潛力的年輕藝術家所面對的挑戰，對相關 的潛力。在法律服務市場中遇到困難 放態度；第三，從事你真正感興趣的領 規則進行改革，以便更好地滿足他們的需 者，必須勇於發掘新市場。我認為開闊 域，而不是因為該領域有利可圖。保持 求。」她在過去幾年也擔任旅遊發展局成 的視野、強大的適應力、勤奮和勇氣是 興趣和熱情。假如缺乏熱情，工作就會 員。「這擴闊了我對香港的了解，在遊客 這一代律師或所有專業人士最重要的素 變成一種負累，尤其是當其物質回報比 和潛在遊客眼中的香港。」她還參與廉政 質。」 你想像中少時。」 公署貪污問題諮詢委員會。「我在廉政公 香港律師是否準備就緒，應付世界經濟的 署的工作在十多年前開始，最初負責審查 她有三個格言。第一個格言是關於她如 急促發展，與來自不同司法管轄區的法律 舉報貪污委員會。」她還代表大律師公會 何自處；第二個格言是關於處理人際關 執業者增進合作和競爭？「有些人比其他 加入司法人員推薦委員會。 係時的言行。「受過訟辯訓練的人很容 人更有準備。那些沒有準備的人，難以與 易忘記他們不總是在法庭上爭辯。」第 譚允芝資深大律師亦分享了她對大灣區發 人競爭，反而怨天尤人，如埋怨政府資助 三個格言是她如何為了情緒健康看待周 展計劃的看法。「我認為這是近年對香港 不足等等。事實上，這個行業應該負起推 圍事物。這三個格言是：1)學無止境；2) 發展最切合實際的建議。在國家和香港 動自身行業可持續發展的主要責任。我們 話到口中留半句，理從是處讓三分；3) 政府的支持下，香港的專業人士擁有巨大 與內地執業者的互動將繼續加強。雖然他 你不能改變周遭的事物，但你可以改變 機遇。對律師而言，與內地律師行以某種 們大多非常謙虛，聲稱有很多要向香港 自己看待事物的心境。 形式合作或聯營，或許被視為有利甚至必 律師學習之處，特別是專業水平和法治觀 挑戰 須，但律師行和大律師個人把握合作機會 念，但事實上他們當中很多在專業實力和 前，必須了解彼此執業的風格、能力、優 全球視野方面比我們更進步，因為他們渴 她說最大挑戰是在2015-2017社會年動 點和缺點。成功而可持續發展的夥伴關係 望追求知識和汲取海外經驗。香港律師保 盪期間擔任大律師公會主席。當時公眾 必須是互補不足而非互相搾取利益，多作 持領先的空間正在逐漸收窄，同業不得不 就政治事件尋求大律師公會的意見，但 實質的合作而非形式上的聯繫。」 加倍努力。」 n 她並沒有只顧處理政治事務，而是更努 力為大律師拓展機會，更重要的是建立 外界對大律師專業能力的認識和改變大 律師在對業務發展的反動思維方式。
她目前的角色也甚具挑戰性。「我現在 擔任通訊事務管理局主席，將面臨重大 挑戰，雖然履新只有兩個月，我暫時還 未感受到衝擊，但我相信挑戰會接踵而 來。」通訊事務管理局的角色是監察 電訊及廣播服務，保障公眾使用者的利 益、推動及平衡行業成員的利益、促進 公平競爭、規管持牌人的行為、確保資 源公平分配(如頻譜編配)，並就所有上述 職責制定政策。「我認為我的角色，是 作為平衡各方利益的大局主持者，我希 望以公平原則行事。在制定政策方面， 我希望保持開明、謹慎、進取。」
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LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞
Workshop on the Use of Modern Technology for Dispute Resolution and Electronic Agreement Management On 3 and 4 March, Vice-President and Chairman of InnoTech Committee Amirali Nasir took part in a two- day Workshop organized by the Department of Justice (’DOJ’) under the auspices of the APEC Economic Committee and its Friends of the Chair on Strengthening 有關在爭議解決及電子協議管理中使用現代科 Economic and Legal Infrastructure (’SELI’) on the Use of 技的工作坊 Modern Technology for Dispute Resolution and Electronic 副會長兼創科委員會主席黎雅明律師於3月3日至4日出席由律政 Agreement Management (particularly ODR) held in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 司在亞太經合組織經濟委員會及其加強經濟和法律基建主席之 友工作組支持下於巴布亞新幾內亞莫爾茲比港舉辦的有關在爭 At the invitation of DOJ, the Vice-President spoke at 議解決及電子協議管理中使用現代科技(特別是線上爭議解決)的 one of the workshops on “Use of Modern Technology for 工作坊。 Dispute Resolution and Contract Management in Member Economies: Experience Sharing” and shared the Hong Kong 應律政司邀請，副會長在「成員經濟體在爭議解決和合同管理 experience on the use of modern technology for dispute 中使用現代科技：經驗分享」研討會上擔任講者，分享香港在 resolution and contract management as well as future 爭議解決及合同管理方面使用現代科技的經驗及未來發展，包 developments, including eBRAM. 括電子「一帶一路」仲裁與調解。
24 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
The Hong Kong Academy of Law The Law Society and the Hong Kong Academy of Law organised a total of 32 seminars in March, four of which had an audience of over 100. One of four seminars was “Corporate Governance, Competition Law and the Board Room” which discussed compliance risk management of competition law and key questions for corporate governance. The speaker was Ms. Suzanne Rab, Barrister, U.K. Over 160 participants attended the seminar. Another of the four seminars was “A new UK Corporate Governance Code: A complete re-work or much ado about nothing?”. This seminar assessed the new requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code and discussed how likely they would improve the state of corporate governance in the UK. The speaker was Professor Arad Reisberg, Head of Brunel Law School and Professor of Corporate Law and Finance, Brunel University, London. Over 130 participants attended the seminar. Both seminars were organised by the Law Society jointly with the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants and The Hong Kong Institute of Chartered Secretaries. 香港法律專業學會 律師會及香港法律專業學會於3月舉辦了合共32場講座，其中有4場吸引了超過100人出席。 其中一場以「公司管治、競爭法和董事會」為題，討論了競爭法的合規風險管理及公司管治 的關鍵問題，講者是英國大律師Suzanne Rab女士。講座吸引了超過160人出席。 另一場以「英國公司管治新準則」為題，評估了英國《公司管治守則》的新要求，並討論改 善英國公司管治狀況的可能性，由英國倫敦布魯內爾大學布魯內爾法學院負責人兼企業法及 財務學教授Arad Reisberg 教授主講。超過130人出席講座。 這兩場講座均由律師會、香港會計師公會和香港特許秘書公會聯合舉辦。
In-House Lawyers: Sweat & Glory Series 2018 企業律師的苦與樂2018 Equality in Workplace 職場平等 On 26 March, the In-House Lawyers Committee (’IHLC’) organised a seminar under the 企業律師委員會於3月26日舉辦了「企 In-House Lawyers: Sweat & Glory Series 2018 with the topic “Equality at Workplace”. The 業律師的苦與樂2018」研討會，主題 seminar was attended by around 50 members comprising in-house members from a 為「職場平等」，吸引了大約50名會 variety of backgrounds. The panel discussion was moderated by Ms. Michelle Tennant, Vice 員參加，當中包括來自不同背景的企 President, Senior Counsel at Deutsche Bank AG. 業律師會員。研討會由德意志銀行Vice Speakers on this panel President, Senior Counsel, Asia Pacific included Professor Alfred 鄧嘉蔚律師主持。 Chan, Chairperson of the Equal Opportunities Commission, 講者包括平等機會委員會主席陳章明 and Mr. Peter Reading, Legal 教授及平機會法律顧問Peter Reading Counsel of the Commission. 律師。企業律師委員會衷心感謝講者 IHLC would like to express its 就職場平等的各項議題進行分享。 heartfelt thanks to the panelists who shared with us on topics covering various aspects related to equality in workplace.
From left: Ms. Maggie Tsui, IHLC Chairlady, Mr. Peter Reading, Ms. Michelle Tennant (moderator) and Professor Alfred Chan. (左起)企業律師委員會主席徐若婷律師、Peter Reading律師、鄧嘉蔚律師(主 持)及 陳 章明 教 授。
www.hk-lawyer.org 25 • May 2018
Korean and Japanese Internship Programmes The Law Society devotes much effort in creating international exchange opportunities for our young members to maintain continuous professional development and build international connections. One way to fulfill this objective is through organising internship programmes between Hong Kong and overseas jurisdictions. 2018 marked the 5th year of the two-week internship programme between Hong Kong and Korea. Starting from 3 January, five Korean interns, including lawyers and law students, started their two-week internship training in Mr. Stephen Hung, Immediate Past President & Vice-Chairman of ILAC (third from left), Mr. local law firms and one Hong Kong solicitor commenced Munenori Kaku, Member of of ILAC (second from right) and Mr. Simon Chan, Member of ILAC (first from right) introduced Hong Kong’s legal system and other related legal topics at the the two-week internship training in Korea. orientation briefing session orgnaised for the Japanese interns. 前會長兼國際法律事務委員會副主席熊運信律師（左三）、國際法律事務委員會委員Munenori The 4th year of the two-week Hong Kong-Japan internship Kaku律師（右二）及國際法律事務委員會委員陳文耀律師（右一）在簡介會上向日本實習生介紹了香 programme also took place in March. Four Japanese 港的法律制度和其他相關法律議題。 interns started their two-week internship training in local law firms from 7 to 22 March, while one Hong Kong solicitor underwent her two-week internship training in Japan from 5 to 20 March. 韓國及日本實習計劃 An orientation and visit to the legal organisations (eg 香港律師會致力為年青會員創造國際交流機會，以保持專業發展及 Legislative Council and High Court) were organised by the 建立國際聯繫。其中一個方法，是與海外司法管轄區展開交流實習計 International Legal Affairs Committee (’ILAC’), providing 劃。 all Korean and Japanese interns a better understanding of the Hong Kong legal system. The Korean interns also 今年已是香港與韓國第5年合辦為期兩週的實習計劃。由1月3日起，5 joined the Ceremonial Opening of the Legal Year 2018 at 名韓國律師和法律學生開始在香港的律師行實習，而一名香港律師亦 City Hall on 8 January, in which they were able to mingle 同時在韓國實習兩週。 with the local legal practitioners. 第4屆港日實習計劃於3月舉行，為期兩週，4名日本律師於3月7日至 The internship programmes were well-received. Thank 22日在香港的律師行實習，而一名香港律師則於3月5日至20日在日本 you for the continuous support provided by the Ministry 實習兩週。 of Justice of the Republic of Korea, the Korean Bar Association, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations and 國際法律事務委員會舉辦了簡介會和參觀法律機構（如立法會和高等 the Hong Kong law firms who participated in the internship 法院），讓韓國和日本的實習生進一步了解香港的法律制度。韓國實 programme. 習生也出席於1月8日在大會堂舉行的2018法律年度開啟典禮，與本地 法律界人士交流。
實習計劃備受好評。感謝韓國 司法部、大韓辯護士協會、日 本辯護士聯合會及參與實習計 劃的香港律師行一直以來的支 持。
A farewell dinner was organised for the Korean interns and participating Hong Kong law firms on 18 January to conclude the Korean internship programme. 韓國實習計劃以於1月18日舉行的歡送晚宴作結。
26 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
2018 Chinese Enterprise Rights Protection Summit The 2018 Chinese Enterprise Rights Protection Summit hosted by the China Federation of Industrial Economics was held from 10 to 11 March in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. Council Member C M Chan spoke to more than 200 participants on “The role of Hong Kong in the investment and the protection of enterprises’ rights under the Belt and Road Initiative”. Ms. Daphne Lo, Member of the Standing Committee on External Affairs, joined a roundtable discussion and shared her insights on how the legal industry can facilitate in outbound investment for risk prevention and protection of enterprises’ rights. Other Law Society representatives who attended the Summit included Mr. Henry Wai, Vice Chairman of the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee and its Member Mr. Lawrence Yeung.
2018中國企業權益保護高峰論壇 中國工業經濟聯合會主辦的「2018中國企業權益保護高峰論壇」於3月10 日至11日假江蘇省南通市舉行。陳澤銘理事以「香港法律界在『一帶一 路』投資與企業權益保護可扮演的角色」為題，向200多位參加者發表演
說。對外事務常務委員會委員盧鳳儀律師則在其中一個圓桌會議上，跟其 Council Member C M Chan spoke at the 2018 Chinese Enterprise Rights 他與會嘉賓一同探討法律業界在企業進行海外投資時，可在法律風險預防 Protection Summit. 陳澤銘理事在「2018中國企業權益保護高峰論壇」上發表演說。 與權益保護方面擔當的角色。其他出席論壇的律師會代表還包括大中華法 律事務委員會副主席韋業顯律師和委員楊先恒律師。
Visits by Delegations from the Greater China region 大中華地區代表團訪問律 The Law Society received two visiting delegations from Greater China in March 2018. 師會 Led by its President Mr. Kuo Ching-Pao, the Kaohsiung Bar Association visited the Law 律師會於2018年3月接待了兩個來自 Society on 19 March and exchanged views with Vice President Melissa Pang and other 大中華地區的訪問團。高雄律師公會 Law Society representatives. The Law Society was invited to attend the 69th anniversary celebration of the Kaohsiung Bar Association in September. Mr. Lu Weidong, Director of the 在郭清寶理事長的帶領下於3月19日 Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Justice, visited the Law Society on 20 March. Immediate Past 來訪，他們跟彭韻僖副會長等律師會 President Stephen Hung and Mr. Neville Cheng, Vice Chairman of the Greater China Legal 代表交流，並邀請律師會參加該會將 Affairs Committee introduced to Mr. Lu the role and functions of the Law Society and the 於9月舉行的69周年慶典。上海市司 development of the legal services industry in Hong Kong. 法局局長陸衞東先生則於3月20日來 訪，熊運信前會長和大中華法律事務 委員會副主席鄭宗漢律師向他簡介香 港律師會的角色和功能，以及香港法 律服務業的發展概況。
Delegation from the Kaohsiung Bar Association visited the Law Society. 高雄律師公會訪問律師會。
www.hk-lawyer.org 27 • May 2018
Taichung Bar Association Annual General Meeting and the 70th Anniversary Ceremony A delegation of the Law Society attended the Taichung Bar Association Annual General Meeting and the 70th anniversary ceremony on 24 March. Members of the delegation included Vice President Melissa Pang, Immediate Past Delegation of the Law Society visited the Legal Affairs Bureau of Taichung City Government. President Stephen Hung, Council Member Robert 香港律師會代表團參觀台中市政府法制局。 Rhoda, Mr. Ambrose Lam and Mr. Lawrence Yeung, Members of the Greater China Legal 台中律師公會會員大會暨慶祝成立70週年慶典 Affairs Committee. They also visited the Legal 香港律師會代表團出席了台中律師公會於3月24日舉辦的「台中律師公會會員大 Affairs Bureau of Taichung City Government to understand its functions and structure. 會暨慶祝成立70週年慶典」。代表團成員包括彭韻僖副會長、熊運信前會長、 羅睿德理事、大中華法律事務委員會委員林新強律師和楊先恒律師等。他們此 行亦參觀了台中市政府法制局，了解該局的職能和架構。
Access to Justice Meets InnoTech! The Law Society successfully held its first-ever hackathon on 7 & 8 April. The event, on the theme of Access to Justice (’A2J’), was also the first hackathon in Asia to be led by a professional regulator, and also the first A2J-focused legaltech event in Asia. The “A2J InnoTech Law Hackathon” (the ’Hackathon’) was a two- day competition for talents to collaborate and develop innovative technology-enabled solutions in a cross-disciplinary approach. The aim was to close the justice gap by seeking to address issues Briefing session for participants on 22 March. in community justice and access to legal services faced by the 3月2 2日的 簡 介 會。 general public, legal service providers and community service organisations in Hong Kong. The Hackathon was organised by the InnoTech Committee (’ITC’), with support from the Global Shapers Community Hong Kong and the Legal Innovators. The Law Society was also proud to have support from the Legal Aid Department (’LAD’) for this inaugural event. Microsoft was the technology and prize sponsor. Around 200 participants took part in the Hackathon, including Technical workshop provided by Microsoft on 27 March. professionals, entrepreneurs, software engineers, UX designers 微 軟 於3月2 7日舉 辦 的 技術 研 討 會。 and students, from across the legal, computer science and start- up sectors. The event was also supported by over 20 mentors, drawn from across the LAD, local and international law firms, non-profit organisations, technology start-ups, venture capital firms, and Microsoft, who all generously gave their time to guide participants on their ideas, solutions and pitches during the Hackathon and at the preparatory events.
Preparatory Events An initial briefing session was organised for participants and mentors on 22 March at the Law Society Function Room, during The Organising Committee was thankful for the support of the Legal Innovators which the three problem scenarios were released. Participants represented by Mr. Arvin Wong (first from left) and Mr. David Lam (second from left), were required to develop a solution for one of the three scenarios, and Global Shapers Community Hong Kong represented by Dr. Jan Engels (first from which included: right) throughout the preparation of the event. 籌委會感謝Legal Innovators的代表黃施樂先生 (左一)和林增隆先生(左二)及Global Shapers Community Hong Kong的代表Jan Engels博士(右一)全程協助籌備是次創科馬 拉 松。 28 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
以尋求公義為主題的創科馬拉松 律師會於4月7日及8日成功舉辦第一屆創科馬拉松。此次 活動以「尋求公義」為主題，是亞洲首個由專業監管機構 領導的創科馬拉松，也是亞洲首個以「尋求公義」為主題 的法律科技活動。 是次創科馬拉松為期兩天，集合來自不同事業範籌的參加 者，分組研究以創新科技解決公眾、法律服務提供者及社 區服務組織所面對有關社會公義及尋求法律服務的議題， 從而改善社會不公的情況。 創科馬拉松由創新科技委員會舉辦，獲Global Shapers Community Hong Kong及Legal Innovators支持。律師會 Mr. Philip Dykes, Chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association, The Hon. Mr. Charles Mok, Legislative Council Member (Functional Constituency – Information Technology), Professor Alfred Chan, Chairman 鳴謝法律援助署支持是次活動，並感謝微軟公司提供技 of the Equal Opportunities Commission (second to fourth left), Secretary for Justice Teresa Cheng 術支援及贊助獎項。 (middle), Mr. Thomas Kwong, Director of Legal Aid, Mr. Stephen Wong, Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Ms. Cally Chan, General Manager of Microsoft Hong Kong (third to fifth right) and Council Members of the Law Society at the Opening Ceremony . 來自法律、電腦科學和初創企業界的大約200人參加了創 香港大律師公會主席戴啟思大律師、立法會議員(功能界別-資訊科技界)莫乃光議員、平機會主席陳章明教授 科馬拉松，當中包括專業人士、企業家、軟件工程師、用 (左二至四)、律政司司長鄭若驊資深大律師(中)、 法律援助署署長鄺寶昌律師、私隱專員黃繼兒大律師、微軟 香港有限公司總經理陳珊珊女士(右三至五)及律師會理事出席開幕典禮。 戶體驗設計師和學生。 是次活動還得到了來自法律援助署、本地和國際律師行、 - Bridging the public and legal professionals; 非牟利組織、科技初創企業、創投公司及微軟的20多位導師的支持， - Giving minorities a helping hand; and 本會感謝他們抽出寶貴時間指導參加者，於活動當日及籌備活動期間向 - Facilitating access to legal aid services. 他們作多方面的指導，包括參賽隊伍的整體構思、建議方案及簡報 。 Following the briefing session, Microsoft arranged a technical training workshop for participants at its 籌備活動 Cyberport offices on 27 March. Microsoft introduced its 籌委會於3月22日在律師會會址為參加者和導師舉辦了一次簡介會，公 Azure technologies (including Web Apps, Bot Services 佈了三個問題情境。參加者需要為其中一個情境制定解決方案，其中包 and Cognitive Services) and gave participants access to 括： these tools in order to help them design and develop their - 連繫公眾和法律專業人員； solutions for the Hackathon. - 向弱勢社群伸出援手；和 The Two-Day Hackathon - 協助相關人士獲得法律援助服務。 It was a busy yet productive weekend for the participants 簡介會後，微軟於3月27日於其數碼港辦事處為參加者安排了一節技術 during the two-day Hackathon as they put their heads together at Cyberport to make the last effort for the 研討會，講解其Azure技術(包括Web Apps、Bot服務和認知服務)，並 best solution. Winners have been identified after careful 讓參加者試用，幫助他們設計和開發其方案。 deliberation among the judging panel which had a 為期兩天的創科馬拉松 difficult task given there were many impressive proposals. 在為期兩天的創科馬拉松期間，參加者在數碼港聚首一堂，為其方案作 Stay tuned for the next issue of Hong Kong Lawyer to 最後努力。面對芸芸出色的提案，評判工作非常艱鉅，經過仔細審議 learn more about the winning teams’ innovative ideas and highlights of the two-day event! 後，最後選出勝出者。請繼續關注下一期《香港律師》，詳細了解獲獎 團隊的創新理念和為期兩天的活動亮點！ Reported by: Jolene Reimerson and Joyce Chow 由陳燕雯律師及周慧盈律師報導
www.hk-lawyer.org 29 • May 2018
Another Happy Race Podium Finish for 長跑隊再登頒獎台 the Distance Running Team! 律師會長跑隊於3月4日參加了今年的扶輪香港超級馬拉松。與往年一 The Law Society Distance Running Team competed in this 樣，這項慈善活動在中環龍和道舉行，吸引了不少隊伍及跑手參加。 year’s Rotary Hong Kong Ultramarathon on 4 March. As in past years, the charity event was held at Lung Wo Road, 儘管當日天氣潮濕溫暖，律師會的8人隊伍完成了50公里的接力賽。 Central and attracted many teams and individual athletes. 在支持者沿途打氣下，隊伍8次順利交棒接力，在賽道上跑了超過20 個圈。 Despite the humid and warm weather, the eight-member strong Law Society team successfully completed the 50km 長跑隊以4小時10分完成賽事，奪得社區服務賽季軍，帶著燦爛的笑 relay race. Encouraged by supportive cheers along the way, 容在頒獎台接過扶輪獎盃和獎牌。隊員包括前會長葉成慶律師、陳健 the team collectively ran well over 20 laps of the road with 明律師、劉力行律師、鄭冠豪律師、曹建鋒律師、林掌成律師、長跑 eight super smooth relay baton handovers. 隊召集人劉淑芬律師及長跑隊隊長李遠傳律師。 With a finishing time under 4 hours and 10 mins, our fabulous efforts earned the team second runner-up place 感謝扶輪國際3450區和香港業餘田徑總會合辦這項活動，鼓勵各界積 in the community service competition. With big smiles, we 極貢獻社區，並宣揚認識保持心理健康的重要性。 proudly received the shiny Rotary cup and medals on the 希望在下一次活動或訓練見到大家！ podium. Well done to all team members for the amazing running performance! Our team included Past President 由李遠傳律師報導 Simon Ip, Mr. Patrick Chan, Mr. Calvin Lau, Mr. Colin Cheng, Mr. Cho Kin-Fung, Mr. Sonny Lam, Distance Running Convenor Ms. Catherine Lau and Distance Running Captain Mr. John Y.C. Lee. Thanks to Rotary International District 3450 and the Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association for jointly organising the event, which aims to inspire people to make a positive contribution to the community and to create awareness of the importance in maintaining good mental health. See you at the next team event or fun workouts! Reported by: John Lee
The Distance Running Team came third in the community service competition. 長跑隊奪得社區服務賽季軍。
YSG: Connected 2018 Kick-Off Event On 23 March, around 150 members joined us at the kick- off event of CONNECTED 2018 mentorship programme organised by the Young Solicitors’ Group (’YSG’). Participants had a casual and relaxing evening while meeting and socialising with their fellow groupmates, as well as enjoying some snacks and drinks. We thank all participants, especially all our mentors for your time and support without which we could not continue with such an amazing programme! By way of background, “CONNECTED” is a mentorship and buddy programme organised by the YSG that provides mentees (trainee solicitors) with the opportunity to be mentored by senior members (practitioners with PQE 8 years or above), to learn from their assigned buddies (young practitioners with less than 8 years PQE), and to Members mingling with new friends. network with fellow mentees. Since its launch in 2011, 會員在活動上認識新朋友。
30 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
年青律師組：「法友聯盟」2018啟動活 動 約150名會員參加者於3月23日出席了由年青律師組舉辦 的「法友聯盟2018」啟動活動。會員一邊享用小吃及飲 品，一邊互相交流，渡過了一個輕鬆愉快的晚上。我們 感謝所有參加者，尤其是所有導師的時間和支持，有賴 他們無施的付出才可使師友計劃得以延續下去！
「法友聯盟」是年青律師組舉辦的師友計劃，實習律師有 機會接受資深會員(執業8年或以上的律師)指導，向「益 友」(執業少於8年的律師)學習，並與其他實習律師建立 聯繫。自2011年推出以來，「法友聯盟」已成為年青律 Members enjoying drinks at the kick-off event. 師組最受歡迎的活動之一。 會員在啟動活動上把酒言歡。 通過各種活動，「法友聯盟」計劃為參加者提供互相交 “CONNECTED” has become one of the most popular events of YSG. 流、享樂、學習和建立長期友誼的平台。請留意將於夏 Through various activities organised throughout the year, the 季舉行的下一項「法友聯盟」活動。 CONNECTED programme provides a platform for participants to engage with each other, have fun, learn, all the while building long-term 會員如有興趣參加由年青律師組所舉辦或安排之活動， friendships with each other. Please stay tuned for the next CONNECTED 請瀏覽http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/ysg、加入我 official event which will be held in the summer. 們的Facebook群組(https://www.facebook.com/young. Members who are interested in joining the events organised/arranged solicitorsgroup)，或電郵至[email protected]與會員 by the YSG, please feel free to visit http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/ 服務部聯絡。 pub_e/ysg, add our Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/ young.solicitorsgroup) or contact Member Services Department 由張冠晶律師報導 at [email protected].
Reported by: Janice K.C. Chang
CONNECTED mentors and YSG members. 「法友聯盟」的導師及年青律師組會員。
www.hk-lawyer.org 31 • May 2018
Golf Tutorial for Beginners at Mission Hills 觀瀾湖高爾夫球初班 On 24 March, the Law Society Golf Team successfully organised a golf tutorial at a 律師會高爾夫球隊於3月24日在深圳一家高爾 golf club in Shenzhen. This tutorial gave our members, especially those who were 夫球會成功舉辦了高爾夫球課程。課程讓會 new to the game, a great opportunity to play a full round of golf accompanied by our 員，特別是高球初學者，在有經驗的會員陪同 experienced members. 下打一場高球。 16 participants were divided into four flights where they practiced short games and warmed up at the driving range. Each flight was led by one or two mentor(s) who 16名參加者被分成四組，練習短桿及在練習場 shared their golfing skills with their mentees and educated them about golf etiquette. 上熱身。每組由一至兩名導師向初學者分享技 Below summarised some of the many learning outcomes of this tutorial which were 巧和禮儀。課程所學的內容只有通過落場練習 only achievable with an on-green practice: 才能實現，當中包括： 1. how to set up and make proper alignment with a target; 1. 站姿及如何與目標保持直線； 2. how one should dig into the grass and turf to make a divot when hitting the ball; 2. 擊球時如何削起草皮；及 and 3. 如何在充滿起伏的果嶺上將球推進洞。 3. how to putt the ball into the hole on a green which was full of undulations. 我們衷心感謝所有導師的支持和指導。 We expressed our sincere gratitude to all our mentors for their support and guidance. 課程結束後，參加者一起享用美味的燒烤晚 After the tutorial, we all stayed to enjoy a fabulous BBQ dinner together. The tutorial ended with joy, fruitfulness, and most importantly, the cherished memories with our 餐。是次課程成果豐碩，亦為高爾夫球隊成員 fellow golf team members. Let’s meet again! 留下開心及珍貴的回憶。
Reported by: Mr. Dennis Chan 由陳國剛律師報導
Home Visit to Elderly On 24 March, the Community Talks and Service Working Group (’WG’) under Community Relations Committee (’CRC’), with the support of Hong Kong Society of the Aged (’SAGE’), organised a home visit to the elderly at Tai Wo Hau. More than 40 solicitor volunteers and their families and friends put their love and caring into action by participating in this event. Volunteers visited 42 households, chatting with them and bringing them a goodie bag with staple food items. The volunteers identified some special needs of the elderly during the visit and shared their observations with SAGE for their follow-up. The WG would like to express sincere gratitude to the volunteers on their devoted service.
Ms. Sauw Yim, WG Chairlady and Ms. Patricia Wijaya, CRC member, were among the volunteers supporting the event. 社區講座及服務工作小組主席蕭艷律師及社區關係委員會成員 黃愛晶律師與義工們一起支持是次活動。
32 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
長者家訪活動 社區關係委員會轄下的社區講座及服務 工作小組於3月24日在香港耆康老人福利 會的協助下，於大窩口邨進行長者家訪活 動。40多位律師義工及其親友透過參加是 次活動，將愛與關懷付諸行動。
義工探訪了42戶長者家庭，與他們聊天及 送贈食品禮物包。義工在探訪期間了解長 者的特別需要，並與耆康會分享他們的觀 察，以便該會跟進。
工作組衷心感謝義工們投入服務。
More than 40 solicitor volunteers and their families and friends, participated in the event. 40多名律師義工及其親友參加了是次活動。
Visit to Correctional Facility for Phase 9 “Legal 「法律先鋒」師友計劃第九期懲教所 Pioneer” Mentorship Programme 探訪活動 A total of 31 students from Tuen Mun Catholic Secondary School, Queen 來自屯門天主教中學、伊利沙伯中學舊生會中學、 Elizabeth School Old Students’ Association Secondary School, Christian 香港九龍塘基督教中華宣道會鄭榮之中學及寶血會 Alliance Cheng Wing Gee College and Holy Trinity College attended a visit to 上智英文書院的31名學生與律師會會員及「法律先 Cape Collinson Correctional Institution together with Law Society members and mentors for the “Legal Pioneer” Mentorship Programme on 6 April. 鋒」師友計劃的導師於4月6日探訪歌連臣角懲教 所。 “Legal Pioneer” Mentorship Programme is a flagship programme of the Law Society that has now entered its 9th phase, whereby mentees participate in 「法律先鋒」師友計劃是律師會的重點計劃之一， visits and engage in group projects covering a selected legal theme, aiming 現已踏入第九期。活動旨在透過考察探訪和參與法 at enriching their legal knowledge and providing a platform for social and 律主題小組項目豐富學生的法律知識，並及義務律 personal growth through a supportive relationship with their mentors. 師導師的支持，為學生提供社交及個人發展的平台。 During the visit, students had the opportunities to see the facility of the 學生在探訪期間有機會參觀懲教所的設施，包括在 Correctional Institution, including inmates’ dormitories, dining halls and workplaces, and also met with an inmate who has shared his own experience. 囚人士寢室、飯堂和工作間，並安排了一位在囚人 Participants expressed that they were deeply touched by this personal sharing 士分享他的經歷。參加者均表示深受在囚人士的分 session. 享而感動。
“Legal Pioneer” Mentorship Programme Working Group Chairman Nathan Wong (Middle) and Standing Committee on External Affairs member Maggie Tsui (Middle) had a group photo with mentors, teachers, students and Correctional Services Department staff. 「法律先鋒」師友計劃工作小組主席黃世傑律師(中)及對外事務常務委員會委員徐若婷律師(中)與導師、老師、學生和懲教所的職員合照。
www.hk-lawyer.org 33 • May 2018
Unlocking the Deadlock Mechanism
By Xin Fang, Senior Associate Mayer Brown JSM
34 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CORPORATE 企 業
Do we really need detailed deadlock from triggering a deadlock too lightly blocks a resolution on two consecutive mechanisms? It’s very difficult to or engineering a deadlock to get out of occasions. Some parties have sought to “anticipate what will happen in ten the deal. If this is the more important qualify this broad definition by adding or twenty years’ time, can’t we sort it out concern, the parties could increase the conditions such as the parties must act then?” This is not an uncommon question threshold for triggering the deadlock in good faith, or the disagreement is, from parties intending to form a joint mechanism or even add a punitive in the reasonable opinion of one party, venture. The future may be hazy, but the element. On the other hand, if there is materially adverse to the operations of risk of deadlock is clear. a fundamental disagreement regarding the joint venture company. Other parties business operations, no party would prefer to focus the discussion on the Deadlock is an inherent risk of joint want to be dragooned into a business consequences of deadlock, which is the ventures because all joint ventures it no longer has faith in or be stuck with most powerful deterrent of abuse. will involve some kind of shared a reluctant and disgruntled partner. control (except in extreme scenarios Parties who place more emphasis on this Consequences of Deadlock where one or more of the investors are aspect would favour a more balanced minority shareholder(s) with such small Escalation and neutral approach. shareholding that does not warrant Nowadays the escalation provision is a them to have any form of control). A The tension between these two staple in the deadlock toolbox. It seeks to joint venture is formed when two or more competing interests underlies every salvage the relationship and continue the commercial parties pool their resources aspect of the deadlock mechanisms joint venture by encouraging parties to to operate a business together. In and explains the positions adopted by reach a compromise. A good escalation return for their contributions, each party the parties. The fundamental dilemma provision should, therefore, establish a acquires some kind of control over the first manifests itself in the definition of formal structure to facilitate amicable joint venture. Where the joint venture “deadlock”. and constructive communication takes the form of a company, control may between the parties. Defining “Deadlock” be positive (in the form of voting rights For instance, the escalation provision and board seats) or negative (in the form The deadlock mechanisms are could require each party to prepare of veto rights). Regardless of the form of triggered when a dispute falls within and circulate to the other party a control, what is likely to happen is that no the contractual definition of “deadlock”. memorandum setting out its position one party would have full control over all Parties who wish to make it harder to on the disputed matter and its reasons the strategic and important management kick off the process prefer to define for adopting that position. In preparing issues of the joint venture. When control “deadlock” narrowly. Frequently this such a memorandum, the parties are is shared, deadlocks are inevitable. means setting out an exhaustive list forced to rationalise their stance. This Therefore, it would be wise for the parties of matters and defining “deadlock” as discourages a party from engineering a to adopt, at the outset, an appropriate a disagreement over one of the listed deadlock, which may be exposed by this contractual framework for addressing matters. process. It also provides each party with deadlocks. Before drafting a deadlock Obviously, the narrowing-down effect an opportunity to lay out supporting facts mechanism, it is important to understand of the list depends largely on its length and details which the parties might have the fundamental dilemma within the and how specific each listed matter is lost sight of during heated debates. If mechanism and how it affects each part described. A broad description such the memorandum is properly prepared, it of the structure – these are the issues as “disagreement over the business would serve as a useful basis for further considered in this article. For the sake of the joint venture company” simply discussions. of discussion, this article will examine a defeats the purpose. Accordingly, this An escalation provision would typically joint venture set up as a private company approach requires the parties to spend require each party to escalate the dispute by two parties, each holding roughly the considerable time in negotiating the list, to a senior management officer in its same number of shares in the company. which may distract them from the more organisations, and stipulate a timeframe important component of the deadlock The Fundamental Dilemma for both sides’ senior management mechanisms – the consequences of officers to discuss and resolve the All deadlock mechanisms should aim deadlock. deadlock, if possible. The existence of at addressing a fundamental dilemma. It is therefore not surprising that parties an escalation provision curbs arbitrary On the one hand, since the success are becoming increasingly relaxed about behaviour at the joint venture level, of a joint venture usually depends on the definition of “deadlock”. They may because the managers of the joint the input of both parties, each party simply define “deadlock” as having venture company would not wish to would naturally want to lock the other occurred when one party boycotts a escalate matters to their seniors without party in the partnership and prevent it general meeting or board meeting, or good cause.
www.hk-lawyer.org 35 • May 2018
More importantly, the unique position control in one party. If the provisions are parties could of course decide that it of the senior management officers as not well thought out, they may increase is more important to prevent abuse or both outsiders and insiders increases the the chance of the deadlock mechanisms generally deter parties from initiating the likelihood of a satisfactory resolution. being abused by the parties. A party buy-sell procedures too lightly. One way They are outsiders in the sense that they (Party A) may abuse the mechanisms to do this would be to apply a pre-agreed were not directly involved in the dispute. by engineering a deadlock to force the discount to the value of the initiating Therefore, they could start discussions other party (Party B) to buy it out at party’s shares (if the non-initiating party with a clean slate, unburdened by an inflated price, or squeeze out Party elects to buy these shares) and apply a any bad feelings that might have B at an undervalue. Such behaviour pre-agreed premium to the value of the accumulated from previous exchanges, can be discouraged by putting in place non-initiating party’s shares (if the non- and free to depart from any entrenched mechanisms that motivate Party A to initiating party elects to sell its shares). positions. They would also be able to offer a fair price. This mechanism increases the cost of offer a more detached and objective the initiator and hence provides strong The Russian Roulette is a good example perspective on the disputed matter. incentive for it to reach an amicable of buy-sell procedures that encourage resolution with the other party. The senior management officers are fair pricing. Simply put, Party A starts insiders of each party’s organisation. the process by offering to buy all of Party A more drastic approach in favour of They are familiar with the commercial B’s shares in the joint venture company deterrence is to stipulate liquidation as objectives and concerns of the relevant at a fixed price per share. Party B must the means of separation. In most cases, party, as well as the operations of the then elect either to accept the bid at the the value of a joint venture company joint venture. As such, they are better proposed price or buy all of Party A’s on a breakup basis would be lower equipped than completely independent shares at the same price per share. Since than that on a going-concern basis, outsiders to deal with deadlocks involving Party A’s offer could be reversed at Party so both parties have much to lose on business decisions and commercial B’s sole discretion, if Party A makes an a liquidation. In order to avoid this judgment (which are the more likely offer that is below the market price, Party lose-lose consequence, both parties are causes of deadlock). B is very likely to jump at the opportunity strongly incentivised to reach a sensible to buy out Party A at a bargain price. compromise or find a mutually beneficial Needless to say, there are deadlocks Hence Party A is, in theory, motivated to means to exit the joint venture, such as a that reflect a fundamental difference put forward a fair price for the shares. joint sale to a third party. For the weaker in interest and vision, which cannot be party in a joint venture, the right to resort resolved even with the best escalation However, the fairness of the Russian to liquidation may help it to bring the provision. In these circumstances, a Roulette may be compromised if Party B stronger party to the negotiation table breakup is inevitable and in the interest has only a small shareholding in the joint and give it more bargaining power. of all parties. venture company or is financially weaker than Party A. In these circumstances, Breakup Conclusion Party A is incentivised to offer a low price There are many varieties of breakup because it knows that it is very costly for Do parties really need detailed deadlock provisions. They could be designed as Party B to reverse the offer and Party B mechanisms? The answer is surely a facilitator of amicable separation, a may not have the financial means to do a definite “yes”. All joint venture backdoor exit, a clamp to squeeze out so, and hence it is very likely that Party B agreements are forward-looking the minority, to name just a few. As such, will have no choice but to sell its shares documents, so agreeing on how to deal they should be the focus in resolving to Party A at a low price. with a future deadlock is no different from the fundamental dilemma between agreeing on other matters. Naturally, preventing an abuse of the deadlock To some extent, measures can be put in discussing a breakup is less appealing mechanisms and allowing parties to exit place to mitigate the effect of unequal than discussing future business plans, in the event of a genuine deadlock. shareholding or financial abilities. For but it is a discussion worth having. example, an independent third party Deadlock is a fact of life in many joint The basic form of the breakup provision could be brought in to determine the ventures and a prolonged deadlock resolves the dilemma in favour of fair market value of the shares. The fair hurts everyone involved. Deadlock fairness between the parties. Take for market value thus determined could mechanisms accept this reality. A well instance the buy-sell mechanism, which either be taken as the price of the shares drafted deadlock provision can address is the most commonly used means of per se or the price floor of any offer under both the need to deter an easy exit as separation. These provisions allow one the buy-sell procedures. well as the need to provide a definite exit party to buy out the other party or sell all route when it is better for the parties to of its shares to the other party; the joint The buy-sell procedures discussed go their separate ways. n venture is put to an end by consolidating above seek to address the fundamental dilemma in a balanced manner. The
36 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CORPORATE 企 業
解鎖僵局
作者 方心 高級律師 孖士打律師行
有必要現在就約定一個詳細的僵 僵局機制的核心矛盾 意味着僅僅將雙方對某幾件特定事項的分 「局機制嗎？誰也不知道十年、二 每個僵局機制都必須面對一個兩難的決 歧定義為「僵局」。 十年後會怎麼樣，難道不能到時再商量？ 定。一方面，由於合資公司的成功時常依 這個做法能否真正縮小「僵局」的範圍取 」合資項目中的一方提出這樣的疑問並不 賴合資雙方的共同投入，因此每一方自然 决於特定事項的數量以及協議對該事項的 少見。未來確實難以預測，但僵局的風險 想確保對方的參與，避免對方草率地啟動 描述。將特定事項廣泛地形容為「對合資 却顯而易見。 僵局機制，甚至故意製造僵局，藉此退出 公司經營方面的分歧」顯然達不到收窄「 由於合資企業的控制權經常由多方共同持 合資企業。為此，雙方可能傾向於為僵局 僵局」的目的。因此，若要有效地收緊 有，因此僵局是大部分合資企業的固有風 的啟動機制設定較高的門檻，甚至對退出 定義，雙方必須花費大量的時間商討「僵 險。合資企業是個資源整合的平台，合資 者作出懲罰。 局」應包括哪些特定事項，以及對該等事
方們將各自的資源投放到一個共同設立的 另一方面，當雙方對企業的發展方向或其 項的闡述。這個漫長的談判過程很可能會 企業，藉此獲得部分企業控制權。控制 他重大議題存在根本性的分歧、無法繼續 分散他們的注意力，令雙方無法集中精力 權的形式各式各樣，有表決權、否決權、 合作時，應當有一個退出機制以便雙方井 討論僵局機制中更重要的一個環節 —— 任免權等等。每一方獲得的控制權未必相 然有序地終止他們的合作關係。如果雙方 僵局的後果。 等，但重點是，沒有任何一方對合資企業 更重視這一點，他們可能會採用一個比較 難怪越來越多的合資方開始對「僵局」的 的管理享有絕對的控制權。當控制權由幾 溫和及對等的僵局機制。 定義採取更開放的態度。他們有時會將「 方共同擁有時，僵局是不可避免的。 由此可見，合資方談判的立場，以及最終 僵局」廣義地定義為一方連續兩次杯葛股 既然如此，合資各方應該盡早商定一個解 的僵局機制，都取決於雙方如何衡量這兩 東大會或董事會會議，或否決某個決議。 決僵局的機制。在制定僵局机制之前，必 個方面。 若要收窄這個廣泛的定義，有些合資方會 須先了解僵局機制的核心矛盾，以及其對 在定義中增加一些條件，比如說相關一方 僵局機制的各個組成部分的影響 —— 這 「僵局」的定義 必須真誠行事，或者有正當理由相信該爭 就是本文的主題。為了方便討論，本文將 一般來說，當合資方之間的爭執符合協議 議對合資公司的運營有重大不利的影響。 以一間由两个主體共同持股的合資公司為 中定義的「僵局」，任何一方均可啟動協 有些合資方則傾向於將談判的焦點放在僵 分析的對象。 議中的僵局機制。如果想提高啟動機制的 局的後果上，畢竟這才是遏制濫用僵局機 難度，可以收窄「僵局」的定義。通常這 制最強且最有力的手段。
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僵局的後果 退出機制 上的差距可能會影響買斷/賣斷機制的 公平性。針對這個情況，我們可以對退 爭議升級 退出機制既可以防止合資方輕易啟動或 濫用僵局機制，也可以在僵局真正發生 出機制做出一些調整。例如，雙方可以 爭議升級條款側重於調解合資雙方之間 時幫助雙方井然有序地結束合作關係。 聘請一個獨立第三方確定股份的公允價 的矛盾，旨在修補他們的關係並繼續合 不同的退出機制可以影響、甚至引導合 值，作為股份的價格或者買斷/賣斷機制 資企業的運營。因此，爭議升級條款應 資方的行為。因此，退出條款往往成為 下的最低價。 當建立一個正式的商討程序，以促進雙 談判的焦點。 上述買斷/賣斷機制試圖在遏制濫用僵 方友好地進行建設性的溝通。 我們就以最常見的退出機制 —— 買斷/ 局機制和促使有序退出之間取得一個平 比如說，爭議升級條款可以規定每一方 賣斷機制 —— 為例。這個機制允許一方 衡。在某些情況下，合資雙方可能更側 必須給對方出具一份備忘錄。備忘錄 收購對方在合資公司裡的所有股份（即 重於遏制一方草率地啟動僵局機制或濫 應列明該方在爭議事項中的立場，並且 買斷對方的股份），或者將自己在合資 用僵局機制。為了達到這個目的，雙方 闡述其採取該立場的原因。撰寫備忘錄 公司裡的全部股份賣給對方（即賣斷自 可以事先約定一個折扣和溢價的機制。 時，各方必須理性地解釋自己的立場。 己的股份）。當公司股權集中在一方的 甲方啟動買斷/賣斷機制後，如果乙方選 若一方故意製造僵局，他可能無法在備 手中，該公司就不再是一個「合資」公 擇收購甲方的股份，乙方可以在價格上 忘錄中自圓其說，因此這個程序有助於 司。約定買斷/賣斷機制時若沒有經過深 享有折扣。如果乙方選擇將自己的股份 減少僵局機制被濫用的風險。此外，相 思熟慮，可能會增加合資方濫用僵局機 賣給甲方，則甲方須額外支付乙方一筆 比激烈討論中的你來我往，各方可以在 制的風險。例如，一方（甲方）可以故 溢價。這個措施增加了機制啟動者（即 備忘錄裡更加詳細地闡述自己的觀點， 意製造一個僵局，逼使另一方（乙方） 甲方）的成本，因此有助於鼓勵他與另 並提供論據。一份認真編寫的備忘錄可 以高價把甲方買斷，或者逼使乙方以低 一方達成和解。 以推進雙方下一步的討論。 價將其股份賣給甲方。若要減少這類投 若雙方希望更加嚴厲地遏制對方啟動僵 爭議升級條款一般要求每一個合資方將 機行為，可以在買斷/賣斷機制中加入一 局機制，他們可以指定公司清盤作為唯 爭議事項升級至其組織中的高管人員（ 些驅使甲方公平出價的條款。 一的退出機制。在一般情況下，合資公 例如董事會主席或者首席執行官），並 「俄羅斯輪盤賭」式的買斷/賣斷機制 司按非持續經營基準的估值會低於其按 由高管人員在指定期間內進一步商討並 就是一個鼓勵公平出價的機制。簡而言 持續經營基準的估值。因此，若合資公 尋求共識。因為合資公司的管理層不會 之，甲方可以向乙方發出通知書，表明 司申請清盤，雙方都會蒙受不少損失。 希望在沒有充分理由的情況下將事情升 自己願意按通知書中訂明的每股價格收 為了避免這個雙輸的局面，雙方更有動 級到他們的上級，所以爭議升級的程序 購乙方在合資公司裡的全部股份。收到 力妥協，或者尋求一個對雙方都有利 可以減少合資公司層面的非理性行為。 通知書後，乙方有權選擇按照上述價格 的退出方案，例如一起將股份賣給第三 更重要的是，高管人員作為「局外人」 將自己的股份賣給甲方，或者以同樣的 方。對於合資企業中處於弱勢的一方， 和「局內人」的特殊身份有助於爭議的 價格收購甲方的股份。如果甲方的出價 訴諸清盤的權利可能更有利於他與另一 和解。一方面，他們是沒有直接參與爭 很低，乙方自然會抓住這個機會買斷甲 方的談判。 執的「局外人」。因此他們可以從更加 方。由於買賣的主動權完全在乙方，因 結論 客觀的角度看待問題，重新展開談判工 此理論上甲方更願意提出一個對雙方都 合資雙方是否需要約定一個詳細的僵局 作。另一方面，高管人員同時也是合資 公平的價格。 機制？當然需要。所有的合資協議書都 方組織中的「局內人」。由於他們熟知 然而，如果乙方是一個小股東或者經濟 是展望性的，因此約定如何處理未來可 該合資方的商業目標，並且對合資企業 實力不如甲方，那麼「俄羅斯輪盤賭」 能會出現的僵局事件和約定其他事項沒 的運營也有一定的認識，所以他們比一 式的買斷/賣斷機制未必公平。在這種 有根本性的區別。討論僵局雖然沒有討 個獨立第三方更適合解決管理及商業方 情況下，甲方可能會提出一個偏低的價 論未來商業計劃那麼吸引人，卻是一個 面的僵局事件。 格，因為他知道買斷大股東需要龐大的 值得投入時間的討論。僵局是大部分合 然而，如果僵局源於合資雙方根本性的 資金，而乙方未必有這個經濟能力，所 資企業必須面對的問題，而長時間的 分歧，最好的爭議升級條款也無法解決 以最終乙方只能選擇以低價將自己的股 僵局有損合資雙方的利益。一個適當的 他們之間的衝突。在這種情況下，分道 份賣給甲方。 僵局機制可以在遏制濫用的同時，為雙 揚鑣對大家都是最好的選擇。 由此可見，雙方在股權比例或經濟實力 方在無法繼續合作時提供一個確切的退 出方式。n
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How Fire Safety Directions Affect a Vendor’s Ability to Sell His Property
By Prisca Cheung, Barrister-at-law Sir Oswald Cheung’s Chambers
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A. Introduction of the building at which his property a reasonable purchaser” (see also pp. is situated is laden with fire safety 284J-285B). Unauthorised building works and directions. For the sake of completeness, building orders have long been the Notably, where the vendor has readers will of course note that subject of conveyancing litigation. knowledge of there potentially being independent to a vendor’s duty to give Building orders are not, however, the a substantial liability to contribute good title is his duty to show good title to only form of government notices that to expenses, the vendor has a duty the property. This however is not a topic may affect the title to a property. Fire to disclose this to the purchaser: Chi apt for general discussion in this article, safety directions issued under s. 5 of Kit, at p. 285D – H, where Bokhary as the duty to show good title necessarily the Fire Safety (Buildings) Ordinance, PJ and Mason NPJ held that in such depends on how requisitions were dealt Cap. 572 (‘the Ordinance’), though circumstances, the caveat emptor with in a specific conveyancing context. often overlooked, are in fact equally principle did not apply as “the [caveat common in individual properties and B1. Monetary Liability to pay or emptor] maxim should not be applied buildings. Such directions usually relate contribute sums beyond reasonable so that it leaves a purchaser exposed to to improvement or alteration works expectation a serious detriment the risk of which, is regarding a property and/or building’s Fire safety directions often require solely within the knowledge or the means means of fire escape, access for compliance works to be carried out to of knowledge of the vendor.” firefighting and/or measures inhibiting the property or the common areas of See also the case of All Ports Holdings the spread of fire. the building in question. The possible Ltd v. Grandfix Ltd [2001] 2 HKLRD The importance and potential severity of liability as purchaser to pay or contribute 630 (CA) (‘All Ports Holding Ltd’) at §§ such directions are not to be overlooked. to unpaid bills for building repairs which 20-22, where the Court of Appeal held Section 5(8) of the Ordinance provides are of an extent beyond a reasonable (applying Chi Kit) that the existence of that a failure to comply amounts person’s expectation may constitute a an extraordinary liability to contribute to an offence and may result in the blot on the vendor’s title: see Sihombing funds to the incorporated owners could imposition of a Prohibition Order under and Wilkinson, Hong Kong Conveyancing constitute a defect in title. s. 7(7) prohibiting occupation of the Law and Practice, Volume 1(A) at V All Ports Holdings Ltd was however building concerned. Contravention [142.1]. This statement is true not only as distinguished in E-Global Ltd v. Trenda of a Prohibition Order may lead to a regards building repairs of the particular Ltd [2013] 5 HKC 192 (‘E-Global’) at §§ monetary fine and imprisonment for property, but also those relating to 24 – 28, where Deputy Judge Burrell three years. the common parts of the building the held that a notice from the Fire Services property concerned is situated at. This article will suggest that the mere Department requiring alterations to be existence of fire safety directions, In Chi Kit Co. Ltd & Another v. Lucky made to a multi-storey building which regardless of whether they pertain Health International Enterprise Ltd had not been complied with did not to one’s individual property or to the [2003] 3 HKCFAR 268 (‘Chi Kit’), the constitute a blot on the vendor’s title. common areas of a building at which vendor failed to disclose to a prospective The reasoning of the Judge was based on one’s property is situated, may affect purchaser the existence of a personal the following facts of the case: an owner’s ability to sell his property by injury claim that had been brought 1) Extensions of time for compliance potentially constituting an encumbrance against the incorporated owners of the had been granted on a regular basis on his title to the property in the form building. Eventually a judgment of over (§ 10); of potential monetary and/or criminal HKD25 million was entered against liability (Section B). Depending on the incorporated owners. The Court of 2) There were over 400 units in the the particular facts of each case, fire Final Appeal held that there was a blot building between whom any costs of safety directions may also affect a on the title of the property by reason of compliance would have to be shared vendor’s ability to honour his contractual the liability arising from the judgment. (§ 11); obligations under the sale and purchase Bokhary PJ and Mason NPJ held (at p. 3) Common sense dictated that the agreement (Section C). 282A-B) that while there may be many directions, which required the liabilities which are the ordinary incidents replacement of doors and installation B. An encumbrance on a of property ownership, a liability of of signs on the building, did not vendor’s title to his property an owner to meet a contribution require urgent compliance and did to the incorporated owners would This section will focus on how fire safety not compromise the safety of the constitute a defect in title “if it were so directions may affect a vendor’s ability occupants of the general public (§ 12); extraordinary having regard to matters to give good title to his property if either 4) Due to the size of the building, in the such as its nature or magnitude as to his property and/or the common areas time since the directions had been be wholly outside the contemplation of
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issued, there had to have been many directions were more in the nature of a liability to make a substantial sale and purchase transactions in of an “ongoing need to upgrade contribution may, by itself, constitute respect of units in the building (§ 12); fire safety measures” and pertained an encumbrance as it is the liability to 5) The Fire Services Ordinance, Cap. to “the replacement of doors and pay a huge amount of contribution that 95, contained no provision for installation of signs on the building”, is wholly outside the contemplation of registration of such directions against which were matters so “trivial” that a reasonable purchaser that binds the the titles of co-owners (§ 12). it was deemed impractical to require unit and therefore can constitute a blot a surveyor or other professionals to on the title or an encumbrance. The It is suggested that E-Global was prepare an estimate of costs (see § liability also binds successive owners decided based on the particular facts 20 of judgment). There may however of the unit so long as the contribution of that case. One should therefore be be cases distinguishable from remains unpaid. It would therefore very careful not to treat it as a definitive E-Global, where compliance with appear that the registrability of fire and all-encompassing authority the particular fire safety directions safety directions against a property does that fire safety directions will never issued cannot be said to be in the not provide a complete answer insofar constitute a blot on the vendor’s title. form of “ongoing need to upgrade as title is concerned. Instead, one must look at the particular fire safety measures” but, instead, B2. Criminal Liability circumstances and facts pertaining to substantial construction works to the fire safety directions in question, build something that did not exist, E-Global also referred to the absence of paying particular attention to factors for example, to build new sprinkler imminent fire safety concerns. Although such as: heads, to install fire alarms, etc. the deputy judge did not elaborate on its relevance in the judgment and 1) The complexity of the works to be Another observation about E-Global whilst there is a lack of authorities and done in compliance with the fire is that the learned deputy judge guidelines on how and under what safety directions. If the compliance observed at §§ 12 and 26 that fire circumstances fire safety directions works required to be undertaken are safety directions in general would not would be enforced, what is clear is in the form of substantial and costly impact a vendor’s ability to give good that a failure to comply amounts to an building and construction works for title as the Ordinance did not contain offence under s. 5(8) of the Ordinance example, it is questionable whether a provision for registration of fire safety particularly when there is an imminent works of such a nature can be said directions, and that such directions were fire safety concern, and may result in the to be “ordinary running expenses” not registrable against a property. It is imposition of a Prohibition Order under or “contributions in relation to the however noteworthy that in so observing, s. 7(7) of the Ordinance prohibiting cost of renewal of particular parts the deputy judge had not dealt with the occupation of the property concerned. of the property”: c.f. Chi Kit at p. dicta of A Cheung J (as the Chief Judge Contravention of a Prohibition Order 284, where the Court observed then was) in Wise Wave Investments Ltd may potentially lead to imprisonment. that “contributions in relation to v. TKF Services Ltd [2007] 4 HKLRD 762 It is therefore noteworthy that, in the cost of renewal of particular at § 89, where the judge explained by purchasing a property that is either parts of the property, though not pointing out that in Chi Kit, it was not subject to fire safety directions itself or necessarily expected, are within the possibility of a charge that affected is situated in a building whose common the contemplation of a reasonable the vendor’s ability to give good title areas are subject to fire safety directions, purchaser…There is no occasion why, but “rather, the title problem was a purchaser may, depending on the in the ordinary course, a purchaser said to arise from the mere liability to facts, also be purchasing a potential should need protection against a make contribution by the new owner criminal liability should enforcement liability to contribute to expenses of after completion to the incorporated action be taken. This would constitute this kind.” owners for payment of the astronomical an encumbrance on the title of 2) Any possible complexity in the judgment debt.” the property: Wong On v. Lam Shi allocation of costs for compliance In the more recent case of Gigabillion Enterprises Ltd (unrep., MP 2549/1995, c.f. E-Global, where the costs of Asia Pacific Ltd v. Sino Dynamic [1995] HKLY 811) per Le Pichon J at compliance could simply be divided International Ltd [2015] 2 HKLRD 100, §17 that the possibility of a potential proportionately amongst owners Cheung CJHC again explained at §21 criminal liability or a potential claim of 400 or so units in the building that as held in Chi Kit, an “encumbrance” affected a vendor’s ability to show good in accordance with their respective that affects title is not limited to some title; later followed in Sun Lai Fong Keller shares. claim to the property or a charge which v. Leung Wing Kit [2009] 1 HKLRD 436, 3) The nature of the compliance may be imposed upon the property. A 440. works required. In E-Global, the mere liability, or a mere (but real) risk
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C. CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY Depending on the facts, compliance with fire safety directions may also affect a vendor’s ability to honour his contractual obligations under the sale and purchase agreement. This of course depends on the facts of each case and this section will therefore only highlight a few potential problematic areas. Without seeking to be exhaustive, compliance works may, for example, affect the usable area, size or layout of the property in question, thereby affecting the vendor’s ability to sell the property “as is” to the purchaser. A Prohibition Order prohibiting occupation of the property in question may also affect a vendor’s ability to give vacant possession of the property. If the property is sold subject to an existing tenancy, the Prohibition Order could affect the tenancy and, depending on the terms of the contract, this might in turn affect the vendor’s ability to sell the property subject to the tenancy concerned. All 消防安全指示對賣方出售其 of these are issues that may constitute a breach of contract on the part of the vendor. 物業的能力有何影響
D. CONCLUSION 作者 張信靈 大律師 張奧偉爵士大律師事務所 In conclusion, an array of potential problems may be caused by the A. 前言 據第7.7條被頒發禁止佔用相關建築物的 existence of fire safety directions. 命令，而違反該命令的，有可能被處以 Although often overlooked, it would 未經核准的建築工程和屋宇署所發出的命 罰款和監禁三年。 appear that this area of the law is 令，向來是物業轉易訴訟的焦點所在。然 more complex than what appears at 而，對物業的業權構成影響的政府通知， 本文嘗試指出，單就消防安全指示而 first blush, and vendors of properties 並非單單只有屋宇署所發出的命令；另一 言，不論其是否與個別物業或該物業所 that are either laden with fire services 些往往被人忽視的，是根據《消防安全（ 在大廈的公用地方有關，均有可能會對 directions themselves or situated in buildings subject to fire safety 建築物）條例》（第572章）（下稱《條 該物業的業權構成產權負擔（它可以是 directions should be advised that there 例》）第5條所發出的消防安全指示。事實 金錢及/或刑事方面的法律責任），從而 may potentially be difficulties in their 上，香港經常有個別的物業和大廈接獲該 影響業主出售其物業的能力（B部分）。 ability to sell their properties unless 等指示，而該等指示大多是要求對某項物 此外，消防安全指示也可能會影響賣方 these directions are complied with 根據買賣協議履行合約責任的能力，視 before the sale. Special contractual 業進行改良或改建工程，又或是涉及大廈 provisions may also have to be tailored 的逃生方法、消防通道、防止火勢蔓延等 乎每宗個案的實際情況而定（C部分）。 in the sale and purchase agreement to 措施。 minimise if not eliminate the problems B. 賣方物業業權的產權負擔 that may arise. n 這些指示的重要性及潛在的嚴重性，確 這部分所討論的重點，是賣方的物業及/ 實是不容我們忽視。《條例》第5(8)條規 或該物業所在大廈的公用地方如果接獲 定，違反有關規定構成犯罪，並可能會根 消防安全指示，此等指示將會對賣方就
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其物業提供妥善業權的能力構成什麼影 審法院常任法官包致金及非常任法官梅 項瑕疵。相反，我們必須審視與該等消 響。讀者當然曉得，從完整的角度看， 師賢在該案裁定，「買者自慎」(caveat 防安全指示相關的特定情況和事實，並 賣方除了須為其物業提供妥善業權外， emptor)原則在該等情況下並不適用，因 關注以下各項因素： 也須證明該物業擁有妥善業權。然而， 為「倘若導致買方須面對蒙受嚴重傷害 1) 符合消防安全指示的工程之複雜性。 由於證明妥善業權的責任，涉及須如 的風險，而該風險是完全在賣方所知悉 譬如說，所須進行的合規工程，如果 何就特定的物業轉易進行相關的業權查 或有能力知悉的範圍內，則不應適用該[ 是屬於大型和耗費不菲的建築與興建 詢，因此這一議題並不適合在本文作一 買者自慎]原則。」 工程，那人們不禁會問：就該等工程 般性的討論。 另參見All Ports Holdings Ltd v. Grandfix 的性質而言，它們可否算是「一般營 B1. 與支付或分擔費用有關的金錢上責 Ltd [2001] 2 HKLRD 630 (CA) (‘All 運開支」，又或是「更新某部分物業 任超出合理預期 Ports Holding Ltd’) at §§ 20-22一 所需的費用分擔」？: 比較Chi Kit at 案。上訴法庭在該案中裁定 （援引Chi p. 284。法庭在該案中指出， 「與 消防安全指示通常要求對有關物業，或 Kit一案），分擔業主立案法團所須支付 更新某部分物業的所需費用有關的分 是對有關大廈的公用地方，進行符合消 的費用，屬於非一般性的責任，而它可 擔，儘管並非必然能夠預料得到，但 防安全規定的工程。買方在支付或分擔 導致產生一項在業權上的缺陷。 它仍在合理買家的預期範圍內…故在 大廈維修的未清償費用方面所可能需要 正常的情況下，沒有必要就此類費用 承擔的法律責任，如果超過一名合理人 然而，法庭在E-Global Ltd v. Trenda Ltd 的分擔責任為買方提供保障。」 士的預期，這也許會對該賣方的業權構 [2013] 5 HKC 192 at §§ 24 – 28（ 成瑕疵：參看Sihombing and Wilkinson, 下稱‘E-Global’）一案中，對All Ports 2) 在分配合規工程的費用方面，任何可 Hong Kong Conveyancing Law and Holdings Ltd一案作出區別。暫委法官 能的複雜性：比較 E-Global一案。在 Practice, Volume 1(A) at V [142.1]。這 貝偉和在該案裁定，消防事務處向一幢 該案中，進行符合消防安全規定的 一說法的真確性，並不限於該物業本身 未符合消防安全規定的多層大廈發出通 工程所需的費用，只須根據該大廈約 的建築維修，也包括該物業所在大廈的 知，要求對它作出改動，這並不構成賣 400個單位的業主之各自份額，並按 公用地方的建築維修。 方業權上的一項瑕疵。貝偉和法官的理 比例進行分配。 由，是以下列事實作為依據： 3) 所須進行的合規工程之性質。E- 在Chi Kit Co. Ltd & Another v. Lucky Global一案中的消防指示，其性質乃 Health International Enterprise Ltd [2003] 1) 符合消防安全規定的時限獲得定期延 屬「需要持續加強消防安全措施」， 3 HKCFAR 268 （下稱‘Chi Kit’）一 長(§ 10)； 而所須進行的工程，是「更換大廈大 案中，賣方未能向一名準買家披露該 2) 符合消防安全規定的費用，由該大廈 門和安裝大廈標誌」，此皆為 「輕 大廈的業主立案法團所面對的一項人身 的四百多個單共同分擔(§ 11)； 省」的工作，故要求測量師或其他專 傷害申索，而法庭最後裁定，該大廈的 3) 根據一般常識，該等要求為大廈更換 業人員就有關工程費用作出估算，實 業主立案法團須向原告人賠償2500萬 大門及安裝標誌的消防指示並不急於 屬不切實際（參看該判決第20段） 港元。終審法院認為，基於上述裁決所 進行，亦不會妨害公眾地方佔用人的 。然而，其他一些案件的情況有別於 引致的法律責任，該物業的業權存在瑕 安全(§ 12)； E-Global案，而其所須遵守的消防安 疵。終審法院常任法官包致金及非常任 全指示，亦並非「需要持續加強消防 法官梅師賢裁定 (at p. 282A-B)：一項 4) 由於該大廈的單位數目眾多，自有關 安全措施」，而是需要進行一些原來 財產的所有權若涉及諸多法律責任，這 的消防指示發出後，該大廈曾經進行 沒有的重要工程，例如：安裝新的自 並非不尋常，但業主如果需要就業主立 了多宗住宅單位買賣交易(§ 12)； 動灑水裝置和火警警報器。 案法團所須支付的費用承擔分擔責任， 5) 《消防條例》（第95 章）並沒有針 而「其性質或程度，如果是超乎尋常至 對共同擁有人的業權，作出有關消防 E-Global案的另一個問題，是貝偉和法 完全超出一名合理買家的預期」，這將 指示的登記規定(§ 12)。 官在第12及26段中所稱的，消防安全 指示一般不會對賣方提供妥善業權的能 會構成該物業業權的一項缺陷（另見 pp. 個人認為，E-Global一案的裁決，是基於 力構成影響，因為《條例》並沒有就消 284J-285B）。 該案本身的獨特情況。因此我們必須注 防安全指示的登記作出規定，而該等指 很明顯，賣方若知悉其物業可能存在須 意，不應將該案視作一個明確和涵蓋一 示亦不能針對某項物業進行登記。但需 分擔費用的重大責任，他需要向買方披 切情況的權威案例，從而遽下結論稱， 要注意的是，貝偉和法官並沒有考慮張 露相關情況：Chi Kit, at p. 285D–H。終 消防安全指示永不會成為賣方業權的一
44 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAND LAW 土 地 法
權負擔：Wong On v. Lam Shi Enterprises Ltd (unrep., MP 2549/1995, [1995] HKLY 811) 。郭美超法官在該項判決的 第17段指出，潛在的刑事法律責任或潛 在的申索，會影響賣方證明其擁有物業 的妥善業權的能力；這一評論其後在Sun Lai Fong Keller v. Leung Wing Kit [2009] 1 HKLRD 436, 440一案中被援引。
C. 合約責任 遵從消防安全指示，也可能會對賣方履 行在買賣協議下之合約責任的能力構成 影響。當然，這須視乎每宗案件的實際 情況而定，故本部分只會舉出一些有潛 在問題的情況。進行符合消防安全規 定的工程，可能會對例如：相關物業的 實用面積、大小、或佈局（只舉其中數 例）等構成影響，從而影響賣方「按現 舉能法官（當時的高等法院首席法官） 未獲清償，則該物業的接續業主亦須同 狀」 出售其物業予買方的能力。此外， 在Wise Wave Investments Ltd v. TKF 樣受該法律責任所約束。故此，為針對 禁止佔用相關物業的禁止令，亦可能會 Services Ltd [2007] 4 HKLRD 762 at 某項物業而作出的消防安全指示登記， 影響買方交付該物業之空置管有權的能 § 89一案中所提出的附帶意見。張舉能 並不能為業權所受影響的程度提供完全 力。如果該物業是連同一項現有租約出 法官在該案中指出和解釋，對Chi Kit一案 的答案。 售，則該禁止令亦將會同時對有關的租 的賣方提供妥善業權的能力構成影響的 B2. 刑事法律責任 賃構成影響，並因此（視該合約之條款 因素，並非基於一項可能產生的押記， 而定）會影響賣方出售該連同現有租約 E-Global一案也提及當中不存在迫在眉睫 「而是由於在相關物業交易完成後，新 之物業的能力。凡此種種問題，都有可 的消防安全問題。雖然貝偉和法官在該 業主須就業主立案法團所需支付的巨額 能會導致賣方違約。 判定債務分擔責任，從而導致業權問題 判決中沒有闡述這方面的相關性，而且 的產生。」 亦沒有任何權威案例和指引，指出應如 D. 結論 何及在什麼情況下執行有關的消防安全 張舉能法官在較為近期的一宗案件 總括而言，消防安全指示的發出，會導 指示。但有一點很明確的是，不遵從該 Gigabillion Asia Pacific Ltd v. Sino Dynamic 致產生一連串的潛在問題。雖然人們常 等指示將構成觸犯《條例》第5(8)條下 International Ltd [2015] 2 HKLRD 100中 常忽視該等指示，但它們所衍生的法律 的罪行（尤其是假如存在迫在眉睫的消 再次解釋 (at §21)， 根據Chi Kit一案的 問題，確實比我們原來所想像的複雜。 防安全問題的話），並可能被施加《條 裁決，一項對業權構成影響的「產權負 賣方的物業本身若受制於消防安全指 例》第7(7)條下的禁止令，從而被禁止佔 擔」，並不限於對某一物業所提出的申 示，又或是其物業位處的大廈若受制於 用有關物業；而違反該禁止令的，更有 索，又或是對某一物業所可能施加的押 消防安全指示，法律執業者應當讓這些 被判處監禁之虞。因此必須注意的是， 記。就重大的費用分擔而須承擔的法律 業主知悉，除非他們在出售其物業前先 所購買的物業本身如果正受制於某些消 責任，或就重大費用分擔的法律責任而 行遵從有關的消防指示，否則將會在出 防安全指示；又或是，該物業所在的大 須承受的風險，其本身亦可以構成一項 售該物業方面遇上困難。此外，他們也 廈，其公用地方正受制於某些消防安全 產權負擔，原因是：分擔一筆巨額的， 需要為其買賣協議擬訂專門合約條款， 指示，那麼當局倘若採取執法行動，該 並完全超出一名合理買家所預期的費 以盡量（若非完全）避免可能出現的問 物業的買家便很有可能（就實際情況而 用，此中的法律責任對該物業乃具有約 題發生。 n 定）會同時招致潛在的刑事法律責任， 束力，並可因此構成業權的瑕疵或產權 而這情況將會構成該物業業權的一項產 負擔。此外，如果所需分擔的費用仍然
www.hk-lawyer.org 45 • May 2018 Complexities in Hong Kong Surrogacy Law
By Marcus Dearle, Partner Family Asset Protection at Berwin Leighton Paisner in association with Haley Ho & Partners
Why have the Hong Kong family courts effectively been cut out from the regulation of surrogacy cases – particularly in connection with the making of parental orders? Are Hong Kong surrogacy lawyers and their clients at risk of committing criminal offences in contravention of s. 17 Human Reproduction Technology Ordinance, Cap. 561?
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ong Kong surrogacy law is against and deter child trafficking. ought reasonably to know, that the complex. It differs in a number Essentially the same important arrangement is the subject of any Hof material respects from framework exists in Hong Kong in the act which contravenes paragraph UK law, particularly on the question procedure for the making of parental (a). surrounding payments for the orders – but as we have seen it has We have to face the reality of the negotiating of surrogacy arrangements rarely ever been deployed. situation. It is clear that in the and the criminal penalties which might Why have so few parental orders overwhelming majority of cases where follow. A major issue is that regulation been made in Hong Kong resulting in Hong Kong resident Ips are engaging is considerably stiffer in Hong Kong than many children in Hong Kong falling in surrogacy arrangements at home in the UK. outside the safety net and protection or abroad, contravention of s. 17(1)(a) The three key pieces of legislation of the Hong Kong family court? One involving illegal payments to agents of relevance are the UK Surrogacy answer has to be the over-restrictive is probably going to be unavoidable if Arrangements Act 1985 (‘SA Act’) and and counter-productive rules in Hong they are to locate a surrogate mother the Hong Kong Human Reproduction Kong - which do not exist in UK law who is prepared to carry a child for them Technology Ordinance, Cap. 561 - and in particular the straight-jacket through a surrogacy arrangement. (‘HRTO’) and the Parent and Child of s. 17(1)(d) HRTO which makes it a As the author warned in his article in Ordinance, Cap. 429 (‘PCO’). criminal offence for Ips and lawyers from the Family Law Journal, “Avoiding the making applications for parental orders Pitfalls” in November 2001 (Fam.L.J. Surrogacy has virtually been driven when the Ips have for instance made 2001, 11 (Nov), 8-11), “the desperation to underground in Hong Kong. This is payments of any amount to agents or have a child sometimes outweighs all illustrated by the fact that (a) according middle men in any part of the world for other considerations”. to the latest list dated 12 April 2018 the purposes of locating a surrogate published by the Hong Kong Council UK surrogacy law, in contrast, provides a mother at the outset of the process in on Reproductive Technology, none of more realistic and pragmatic framework. contravention of s. 17(1)(a) HRTO. the seventeen fertility clinics licensed UK resident Ips or surrogate mothers to carry out assisted reproductive Section 17(1) of the HRTO states: do not commit a criminal offence by technology treatment in Hong Kong is making payments to agents or middle No person shall – currently licensed to provide “surrogacy men under UK law and they are arrangement” treatment under the a) whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, consequently not committing a criminal HRTO and (b) in the 25 years since make or receive any payment for – offence simply by making an application 1993, when the legislation in Hong i) initiating or taking part in any for a parental order in contrast to the Kong which provides for the making negotiations with a view to the situation in Hong Kong where they of parental orders pursuant to s. 12 making of a surrogacy arrangement; would be committing a criminal offence. PCO came into force, it is estimated, ii) offering or agreeing to negotiate It is of concern that some family law staggeringly, that only a handful of the making of a surrogacy and also medical practitioners in Hong parental orders have ever been made arrangement; or Kong are unaware of s. 17 HRTO and the in Hong Kong. A parental order is a iii) compiling any information with definition of “payment” in s. 2(1) HRTO court order which makes the intended a view to its use in making, and assume that the law is exactly the parents (‘Ips’) the legal parents of a child or negotiating the making of, same in Hong Kong as it is in the UK. It born through surrogacy arrangements surrogacy arrangements; is not. and permanently extinguishes the parenthood of the surrogate mother and b) seek to find a person willing to The author raised the issue of potential (if applicable) her spouse. do any act which contravenes criminal liability of lawyers whilst paragraph (a); speaking at several conferences globally In the UK, in stark contrast, hundreds c) take part in the management since 2015 and of the potential criminal of parental orders are made every or control of a body of persons liability of Ips recently on BBC World year. A vital factor is that the parental corporate or unincorporate whose News on 21 February 2018. order framework and procedure activities consist of or include any ensures that the UK court oversees Where is the confusion? act which contravenes paragraph surrogacy arrangements and it is an (a); or Some more detail important mechanism to ensure that The SA Act only creates criminal the arrangements for the welfare of the d) carry out or participate in any act liability on any commercial surrogacy children are satisfactory. The framework in furtherance of any surrogacy arrangement which took place within also serves as a useful tool to protect arrangement where he knows, or the UK. The HRTO creates criminal
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liability anywhere in the world. s. 12 PCO which are allowable in both Section 12(7) is only relevant in any jurisdictions. event to payments made by or received The SA Act only intends to outlaw by the Ips post-birth and well after the agencies and middle men in the The meaning of “payment” referred to surrogacy arrangement was negotiated negotiation of surrogacy arrangements in s. 17 HRTO is defined in s. 2(1) HRTO: in the context of the “making of the” on a commercial basis – not Ips or s. 2(1) sets out - as referred to above - parental “order” so that, for example, Surrogate mothers. certain payments which are exempted the court can ascertain whether or not from being treated as an illegal The Ips and the surrogate mother are there was any financial inducement paid “payment” under s. 17 (and therefore not criminally liable in the UK even if the for the benefit of the surrogate mother allowable) - for example payments payments had been made in the UK by and/or her husband in return for their made to the surrogate mother for any virtue of s. 2(2) of SA Act. co-operation in providing the necessary reproductive technological procedure or consent for the “making of the” parental The s. 2(2) SA Act provision is absent in bona fide medical expenses. the HRTO. This means that in contrast “order”. Exactly the same provision exists It should be stressed that payments for to UK law, Ips and surrogate mothers in the UK legislation under s. 54(8) of example made to agents at the time residing in Hong Kong are likely to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology the surrogacy arrangement was being be criminally liable under the HRTO Act 2008, where, as in Hong Kong, the negotiated for the purposes of locating which seeks to prohibit all commercial court has jurisdiction retrospectively to the surrogate mother are not included as surrogacy payments made in Hong Kong authorise payments or expenses in the exempted payments in s2(1) HRTO. or elsewhere – with the exception of context of the “making of the” parental certain payments made predominantly Section 2(1) HRTO defining “payment” in “order”. in connection with the payment for full is as follows: medical procedures and certain expenses Expert opinion from Hong incurred by the surrogate mother. Payment in money or money’s worth Kong criminal specialists on but does not include any payment for the interpretation of s17 HRTO The HRTO also creates further criminal defraying or reimbursing - offences which do not appear in the SA In 2016, because of his concern that s. 17 Act. (a) the cost of removing, transporting or HRTO was continuing to be overlooked storing an embryo or gamete to be by practitioners, the author through In particular, s. 17(1)(d) HRTO prohibits supplied; his firm instructed Hong Kong leading anyone from carrying out or participating (b) any expenses or loss of earnings counsel specialising in criminal law in any act “in furtherance of any incurred by a person and attributable specifically to advise on the “potential surrogacy arrangement” where “he to the person supplying an embryo criminal liability of a legal practitioner in knows, or ought reasonably to know”, or gamete from the person’s body; Hong Kong who is aware that money has that the arrangement for example been illegally paid to an agent to find a (c) in the case of a surrogacy involved illegal payments being made surrogate mother and who furthers the arrangement, any expenses incurred to an agency for the purposes of finding surrogacy arrangement by, for example, by the surrogate mother for - a surrogate mother - which extends advising the client in connection with a the scope of criminal liability to cover i) any reproductive technology parental order” (‘the Scenario’). persons who are not in any way involved procedure; or The Advice dated 18 November 2016 in the making/negotiation of the ii) bona fide medical expenses analyses in detail what “in furtherance commercial surrogacy arrangement itself arising from pregnancy and of a surrogacy arrangement” under – for example to lawyers and other third delivery of a child born pursuant s. 17(1)(d) HRTO means including parties who are advising and assisting to the arrangement. with an application for a parental order in whether the act of “advising the client Some legal practitioners in Hong Kong Hong Kong. in connection with a parental order” is appear to be misinterpreting the words, an act in furtherance of the surrogacy Criminal liability in the UK (under the SA “unless authorised or subsequently arrangement and what “knew or ought Act) and Hong Kong (under the HRTO) approved by the court” set out in s. 12(7) reasonably to know” means in this for setting up commercial surrogacy PCO as an indication that the court context. arrangements must not be confused has power to authorise all payments of In the Advice a clear view was set out with the rules governing the lawful whatever nature (including payments to that in the Scenario provided: “the payment of expenses (including medical agents) retrospectively and are ignoring practitioner ought reasonably to know expenses) to the surrogate mother in s. 17 HRTO completely. This is wrong: that there are acts which contravene s. connection with the procedure involved as is clear from s. 2(1) HRTO, s. 12(7) 17(1)(a) of the HRTO”. in the making of parental orders under PCO does not override s. 17 HRTO. The criminal offence and liability remains. The Advice also confirmed: “it is likely
48 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • FAMILY LAW 家庭法
that the legal practitioner in the Scenario purposes of locating a surrogate mother to be furthering an illegal surrogacy risks being criminally liable (either as a contrary to s. 17(1)(a) HRTO. arrangement under Hong Kong law principal or as a culpable aider, abettor, contrary to s. 17(1)(d) HRTO. In the S v. J (Surrogacy: Wardship) case, counsellor or procurer) under s. 17(1)(d) if the Ips (a husband and wife) were in 2) The first question a practitioner he, aware that money has been illegally dispute over an application for a parental in Hong Kong should ask if he is paid to an agent to find a surrogate order. Two children had been born to requested to advise on surrogacy mother, proceeds to advise the client in two separate surrogate mothers in India issues is whether or not any money connection with a parental order”. on the same day on 7 September 2013. has been paid anywhere in the world in contravention of s. 17 HRTO Surrogacy case law in Hong The wife refused to join the husband’s application for a parental order. The including for the purposes of locating Kong? Director of Immigration intervened in a surrogate mother. He should not There are only two reported cases: D the case. The Official Solicitor assisted turn a blind eye or avoid asking (Parental Order: s. 12 Parental and Child as Amicus. The judge criticised the wife questions about payments: that will Ordinance (Cap. 429)) [2014] HKEC 1948 and ordered the wife to pay the costs of not work because he is likely to be and S v. J (Surrogacy: Wardship) [2017] the hearing (paragraph 44) which, with caught by the “ought reasonably to HKEC 1998. the involvement of two leading counsel, know” provision in s. 17(1)(d) HRTO. The D case concerns an application would have been substantial. The judge 3) If the answer is in the affirmative, for transfer to the High Court in a case stated, “Despite all the time given to her, then he will not be able to advise where the parties were applying for a the Wife apparently did not understand any further at all. It is immaterial parental order. The judgment refers to the significance of getting a parental whether the Hong Kong lawyer s. 17 HRTO and the fact that, “s. 12 PCO order. She had declined legal aid…” does not charge a fee or he advises allows expenses reasonably incurred or But no mention is made in the judgment outside the jurisdiction, as he will otherwise “authorized or subsequently about whether or not payments still be likely to be in contravention approved by the court”” (paragraph 24). had been made at the outset to any of s. 17(1)(d) HRTO. It is essential not That statement in the author’s view is middlemen for the purpose of locating to confuse the provision in s. 17(1) possibly being erroneously interpreted either or both surrogate mothers. Indeed, (d) HRTO with s. 2(1) SA Act where by some practitioners in Hong Kong surprisingly, it does not refer to s. 17 the UK lawyer does not commit an as an indication that the court in Hong HRTO or the HRTO anywhere at all. offence if he does not charge a fee. Kong can retrospectively authorise ALL Need for reform payments made, even, for example, Key warnings for Hong payments made to agents for the Kong resident Ips and/or Surrogacy law in Hong Kong is not surrogate mothers and legal working. The HRTO – and particularly practitioners s. 17 – is in need of review and reform. Article 20 of the Bill of Rights Ordinance, Practitioners should warn all clients Cap 383 states: “Every child shall have, (including surrogate mothers and Ips) without any discrimination as to race, that they should not make any payment colour, sex, language, religion, national at all to any surrogacy agent/or or social origin, property or birth, the third party anywhere in the world right to such measures of protection as including for the purpose of are required by his status as a minor, locating a surrogate mother on the part of his family, society and and they should first obtain the State.” It is the author’s view that legal advice in Hong the provision of a parental order is such Kong from a surrogacy a “measure of protection” and a right expert before starting any for every child born through surrogacy treatment. arrangements and residing in Hong 1) They should also Kong. The IBA Family Committee might warn all clients that a Hong well intervene in a future case involving Kong lawyer will not be able to a parental order to ensure that the rights provide any legal advice at all if any of the child are brought to the fore. n such payment has been made to an agent/third party anywhere in the world - otherwise he will be likely
www.hk-lawyer.org 49 • May 2018
香港的代孕法所面對的複雜情況
作者 Marcus Dearle 合夥人 博聞律師事務所聯合凱利何律師事務所
香港家事法庭對於代孕案件為何無法進行有效的處理－特別是在作出「獲判定為父母的命令」 方面？香港處理代孕案件的律師及其當事人，是否會面對觸犯《人類生殖科技條例》(第561 章)第17條下的刑事罪行風險？
港的代孕法面對相當複雜的情 (它是根據《父母與子女條例》第12條作 的程序方面的重要框架，但正如我們所觀 況。它在許多重大層面上，與 出「獲判定為父母的命令」的法例生效的 察到的，該等程序很少在香港付諸實行。 英國的法律有所不同，特別是 年份)至今這25年間，香港法院只曾作出 香 為何香港只作出了數目如此少的「獲判定 在為代母安排的商議所作出的付款，以及 數目極少的「獲判定為父母的命令」(pa- 為父母的命令」，以致香港的許多孩子被 對此可能施加的刑罰等方面。主要的問題 rental orders)。這項由法院作出的命令， 排除在安全網和香港家事法庭的保護傘以 所在，是香港所實施的規管，比英國所實 使「擬作為父母的人」可據此成為透過代 外呢？其中一個重要原因，是香港法律所 施的要嚴厲許多。 母安排而出生的嬰孩的合法父母，並永久 施加的諸多限制，並且起適得其反的作用 性地終止該代母及其配偶(若適用)的父母 與這一議題有關的法例主要有三項，分 (英國的法律沒有此等情況)，尤其是《人 親身份。 別為：英國的《1985年代母安排法》(下 類生殖科技條例》第17(1)(d)條所形成的 稱《代母安排法》)；香港的《人類生殖 英國的情況與香港截然不同，當地法院每 緊箍咒，使「擬作為父母的人」及其律 科技條例》(第561章)和《父母與子女條 年作出數以百計的「獲判定為父母的命 師，可能會因著提出「獲判定為父母的命 例》(第429章)。 令」，而一項至關重要的因素，是英國訂 令」申請而觸犯刑事罪行(例如， 「擬作 立了與「獲判定為父母的命令」有關的架 為父母的人」於一開始時，為尋找代母而 在香港進行的代孕，事實上現時已被驅入 構及程序，使英國法院得以對代母安排進 付費給世界任何地方的代理人或中間人， 地下，因為：(a)根據香港人類生殖科技管 行充分的監督。這是一個很重要的機制， 從而觸犯《人類生殖科技條例》第17(1) 理局於2018年4月12公佈的最新資料，現 以確保對子女的福利安排能達至令人滿意 (a)條的規定)。 時在香港領有執照，可開展輔助生殖技術 的程度；另一方面，它也是一項有效遏止 治療的生育診所共有17間，但它們皆未獲 《人類生殖科技條例》第17(1)條訂明： 兒童販運罪行的工具。事實上，香港也同 准根據《人類生殖科技條例》提供「代母 樣建立了與「獲判定為父母的命令」有關 任何人不得 — 安排」治療；以及 (b)據估計，自1993年
50 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • FAMILY LAW 家庭法
a) 在香港或其他地方為以下事項而作出 父母的人」的潛在刑事法律責任問題。 《人類生殖科技條例》第 17條中所提述 或接受付款 — 的「付款」，其定義見該條例第2(1)條。 混淆地方在哪裡？更多的詳情 i) 提出或參與任何以作出代母安排為 該第2(1)條列舉了(如上所述)免被視為第 出發點的商議； 英國的《代母安排法》只對在英國境內進 17條所指的非法「付款」(因而容許作出) 行的商業代母安排施加刑事法律責任， 的一些付款－例如，就任何生殖科技程序 ii) 要約或同意商議作出代母安排；或 但香港的《人類生殖科技條例》則有所不 或實際醫療費用而向代母作出的支付。 iii) 以將資料使用於作出或商議作出 同，它對在世界任何地方進行的此等安 代母安排為出發點，而搜集該等資 但必須指出的是，例如，在為物色代母而 排，一律施加刑事法律責任。 料； 就有關安排進行商議的過程中向代理人作 《代母安排法》只將在商業上，就代母 出的支付，並不能享有《人類生殖科技條 b) 謀求尋覓願意作出違反(a)段的作為 安排進行商議的代理人和中間人(而非「 例》第2(1)條所給予的豁免。 的人； 擬作為父母的人」或代母)的作為視為非 c) 參與管理或參與控制屬法團或不屬法 《人類生殖科技條例》第2(1)條就「付 法。 團的團體，而該團體的事務包含或包 款」的意思提供了一個完整的定義： 括任何違反(a)段的作為；或 在英國，即使有人根據《代母安排法》 指以金錢或有價事物付款，但不包括就以 第2(2)條作出了支付，但「擬作為父母的 d) 在知道或理應知道某項代母安排是某 下事宜而作出的補償或補還的支付 — 人」和代母並不須因此承擔刑事法律責 項違反(a)段的作為的標的之情況下， a) 取出、運載或儲存將會提供的胚胎或 任。 進行或參與任何促進該項安排的作 配子的成本； 然而，《人類生殖科技條例》沒有類似 為。 b) 由某人所招致並可歸因於該人提供從 《代母安排法》第2(2)條般的規定。這意 我們必須考慮發生該等情況的真正原因。 其體內取出的胚胎或配子的任何開支 謂，香港的情況有別於英國，而居於香港 很明顯，於本地或外國進行代母安排的「 或收入方面的損失； 擬作為父母」的香港居民，他們要尋找願 的「擬作為父母的人」和代母，他們可能 c) 就代母安排而言，由代母 — 意通過代母安排而代其懷孕的代母，在絕 須根據《人類生殖科技條例》承擔刑事法 i) 為生殖科技程序而招致的任何開 大多數情況下，都無可避免地需要向代理 律責任，因為該條例除了允許支付某些主 支；或 人非法支付款項，而違犯第17(1)(a)條的 要與代母有關的醫療程序和其他費用外， ii) 依據該項安排而懷孕和產下孩子而 規定。正如作者於2001年11月在Family 並不允許在香港或任何其他地方為商業代 真誠地招致的真正醫療開支； Law Journal所發表的“Avoiding the Pit- 孕目的付費。 falls” (Fam.L.J. 2001, 11 (Nov), 8-11) 此外，《人類生殖科技條例》也訂立了若 香港的一些法律執業者似乎誤解了《父母 一文中提出的警告那樣：「人們對子女的 干並不見於《代母安排法》的刑事罪行。 與子女條例》第12(7)條中的「獲法院授 渴求，有時會凌駕所有其他考慮因素」。 權或獲法院其後准許者除外」這句話的意 特別是，《人類生殖科技條例》第17(1) 思，以為它表明法院有權溯及既往地批准 與此相比，英國的代孕法較能提供一個更 (d)條禁止任何人進行或參與「促進代母 作出不論任何性質的支付(包括向代理人 為務實和可行的架構。根據英國法律下， 安排」的作為，如果「他知道或理應知 所作出的支付)，而完全忽略了《人類生 英國 「擬作為父母」 的居民或代母，並 道」該等安排涉及例如為物色代母而向代 殖科技條例》第17條的有關規定。這一看 不會因曾向代理人或中間人付費而觸犯刑 理人作出了非法付款。這項規定將有關的 法是錯誤的：事實上，《人類生殖科技條 事罪行，亦不會僅因提出「獲判定為父母 刑事法律責任範圍擴大，從而將並無參與 例》第2(1)條明確表示，《父母與子女條 的命令」申請而觸犯刑事罪行；然而，這 訂立/商議有關的商業代母安排的人士也 例》第12(7)條並不凌駕《人類生殖科技 情況在香港卻有可能發生。 涵蓋在內 – 例如，那些在香港就「獲判 條例》第17條，而有關的刑事罪行和法律 定為父母的命令」提供意見，並協助提出 令人關注的是，香港一些家事法範疇的法 責任依然存在。 律執業者和醫療工作者，並沒有充分意識 有關申請的律師和其他第三方。 第12(7)條只是與在子女出生及就代母安 到《人類生殖科技條例》第17條的含義， 英國(根據《代母安排法》)和香港(根據《 排的商議進行之後，「擬作為父母的人」 以及該條例第2(1)條對「付款」所下的定 人類生殖科技條例》)就訂立商業代母安 所作出或獲得的付款有關(目的是為了使 義是甚麼，而假設香港在這方面與英國的 排而須承擔刑事法律責任的規定，不可與 「法院作出」獲判定為父母的「命令」) 法例無異，但事實絕非如此。 向代母支付合法費用(包括醫療開支)的規 ，從而使法院得以確定，是否曾經有人提 定混為一談，因為後者是與根據《父母與 自2015年以來，作者在數個全球性會議 供任何使代母及/或其丈夫受惠的金錢報 子女條例》第 12條作出的「獲判定為父 上發表演講時，均曾提及律師的潛在刑事 酬，以換取他們的合作，在為了使「法院 母的命令」所涉及的程序有關，並且獲得 法律責任問題；而近期在2018年2月21日 作出」獲判定為父母的「命令」方面，給 上述這兩個司法管轄區的允准。 的BBC世界新聞網上，亦曾提及「擬作為 予必要的同意。英國的2008年《人類受
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精與胚胎學法》第54(8)條，與香港的規 [2017] HKEC 1998。 2) 法律執業者亦應提醒所有當事人，如 定完全相同，亦即是說，法院擁有司法管 果他們已向在世界任何地方的代理人/ D案涉及各當事方提出一項「獲判定為父 轄權，在為了使「法院作出」獲判定為父 第三方作出任何此等付款，則香港的 母的命令」申請，並要求將案件移交高等 母的「命令」方面，可溯及既往地批准支 律師將不能夠向他們提供任何法律意 法院審理。該案的判決提及《人類生殖科 付有關的款項或費用。 見，否則將很可能違反《人類生殖科 技條例》第17條的規定，並指出《父母與 技條例》第17(1)(d)條的規定，即是： 子女條例》第12條允許合理招致的，或是 刑事法專家對解釋《人類生殖科 促進一項在香港法律下屬於非法的代 「獲法院授權或獲法院其後准許」的費用 技條例》第17條的專家意見 母安排。 (第24段)。作者認為，香港的一些法律執 作者關注到法律執業者持續忽視《人類 業者可能會誤解該項陳述的意思，以為它 3) 若有任何香港法律執業者被當事人要 生殖科技條例》第17條的規定，因此在 是表明：香港法院可以溯及既往地批准所 求就代孕的法律問題提供意見，他們 2016年透過其律師事務所，委託香港的 有已作出的付款，甚至包括為物色代母而 所提出的第一個問題應當是：是否有 刑事法資深法律顧問，就以下的情景提供 向代理人作出的付款。然而，這並不符合 人違反了《人類生殖科技條例》第17 專門法律意見：「如果一名香港法律執業 《人類生殖科技條例》第17(1)(a)條的規 條之規定，在世界任何地方作出了此 者知悉，曾經有人為了物色代母而非法付 定。 等付款(包括為了物色代母)。法律執業 費給代理人，而該名法律執業者亦藉著向 者不可對這一問題視而不見，又或是 在S v. J (Surrogacy: Wardship) 一案中， 其當事人提供與「獲判定為父母的命令」 逃避其提問的責任，因為《人類生殖 兩名「擬作為父母的人」(丈夫和妻子)就 有關的法律意見，從而促進有關的代母安 科技條例》第17(1)(d)條中的「理應合 提出一項「獲判定為父母的命令」申請而 排，在這一情景下，該名法律執業者是否 理知道」很可能會適用於其身上。 可能面對刑事法律責任」( 以下稱「該情 產生爭議。案中的兩名子女於2013年9 4) 如果當事人的答案是肯定的話，那麼 景」)。 月7日當天，在印度分別由兩名代母將他 們誕下。案中的妻子拒絕與其丈夫一起向 法律執業者便不能夠就有關事宜向其 該名資深法律顧問於2016年11月18日提 法庭提出「獲判定為父母的命令」申請。 提供法律意見。至於該法律執業者是 供了有關的「法律意見」，並就《人類生 入境事務處處長介入這宗案件，而法定代 否不收費，又或是他只在香港司法管 殖科技條例》第 17(1)(d)條中的「促進一 表律師則以法庭之友的身份提供協助。法 轄範圍以外的地方提供法律意見，這 項代母安排」的含義(包括就某項「獲判 官對該名妻子作出了批評，並命令她負責 都並非問題所在，因為他仍相當有可 定為父母的命令」提供法律意見，是否屬 支付聆訊該案的訟費(第44段)。該案的當 能觸犯《人類生殖科技條例》第17(1) 於促進代母安排的作為)，以及在該等情 事方曾經延聘兩名首席大律師作為代表， (d)條之規定。然而，至關重要的，是 況中，「知道或理應知道」的含義等進行 因此所涉及的法律費用相當可觀。法官表 我們不可將《人類生殖科技條例》第 了詳細分析。 示，「雖然法庭已經盡量給予時間，但案 17(1)(d)條，與英國的《代母安排法》 該「法律意見」針對 「有關情景」提出 中的妻子似乎不大了解取得「獲判定為父 第2(1)條混為一談，因為如果是在英 了一個明確的看法，就是：「在該情景的 母的命令」的重要性，並拒絕接受法律援 國，只要當地的律師沒有對此收費， 法律執業者理應合理地知道，當中存在違 助...... 」 他們便不算違法。 犯《人類生殖科技條例》第17(1)(a)條的 然而，該項判決並無提及是否有人為了物 修訂法例的需要 作為」。 色該/該兩名代母，而在一開始時便向中 香港的代孕法確是未如人意，我們實在需 此外，該「法律意見」亦確認：「在該情 間人付費；而更令人詫異的是，它並沒有 要對《人類生殖科技條例》(尤其是第 17 景的法律執業者很有可能面對第17(1)(d) 提述《人類生殖科技條例》第17條或該條 條)進行檢討和修訂。《人權法案條例》( 條下的刑事法律責任風險(無論是作為主 例的任何其他條文。 第383章)第二十條訂明：「所有子女有權 犯，還是作為協助、教唆、慫使或促致等 享受家庭、社會及國家為其未成年身分給 向對擬作為父母的香港居民、代 的從犯)，如果他知悉曾經有人為了物色 予之必需保護措施，不因種族、膚色、性 母及法律執業者發出的重要警告 代母而向代理人非法付費，並繼而就「獲 別、語言、宗教、民族本源或社會階級、 判定為父母的命令」向當事人提供法律意 1) 法律執業者應提醒其所有當事人(包括 財產或出生而受歧視。」作者認為，「獲 見」。 代母和「擬作為父母的人」)，他們不 判定為父母的命令」 既是一項「保障措 可向世界任何地方的代孕代理人/第三 施」，也是所有透過代母安排而出生和居 香港有代孕法的案例嗎？ 方支付任何費用(包括為了物色代母)， 於香港的子女所應當享有的權利。對於未 香港現時只有兩個相關的經報導案例：D( 而在開始進行任何治療之前，他們應 來涉及「獲判定為父母的命令」方面的案 「獲判定為父母的命令」：《父母與子女 首先取得香港的代孕法專家所提供的 件，國際律師協會的家事委員會可予以介 條例》(第429章)第12條)[2014] HKEC 法律意見。 入，以確保子女的權利獲得充分關注。 n 1948 and S v J (Surrogacy: Wardship)
52 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
ARBITRATION Courts despite signing an arbitration supervisory jurisdiction is technically agreement. not an appeal. This presents an Solicitors Beware: Not All • The phrase “in the course of interesting case management issue, Arbitration Agreements business” is used to define “dealing as a and serious thought should be given between Solicitor and Lay- consumer” under s. 4 of CECO. Since the whether a court ought to insist the parties proceed with arbitration first client are Enforceable English Court of Appeal in R & B Customs Brokers Co Ltd v. United Dominions Trust every time in such instances. One Solicitors should not expect an automatic Ltd [1988] 1 WLR 321, “in the course of way around the s. 20 Arbitration referral to arbitration because they had business” has meant that the transaction Ordinance argument would be to view signed an arbitration agreement with in question had to be “integral”. that the “matter” viz. the supervisory their clients. Incidental matters are not included. jurisdiction of the Court is not the “subject of an arbitration.” In Fung Hing Chiu Cyril v. Henry Wai & This narrow meaning helps protect Co (a firm) [2018] 1 HKLRD 808 a costs consumers. To this end, it is questionable KEVIN LIU and RAYMOND CHU, dispute arose between the lay-client (‘Mr. whether para. 50 of Fung Hing Chiu Bernacchi Chambers. Kevin and Fung’) and his previous firm of solicitors. Cyril is reconcilable with R & B Customs Raymond were both involved as The firm started arbitration proceedings Brokers Co Ltd. It is perhaps a stretch representing the Plaintiff in Fung Hing pursuant to an arbitration clause. Mr. to say that an investment company’s Chiu Cyril v Henry Wai & Co (a firm) [2018] Fung started taxation proceedings in dispute in regards to its tenancy is 1 HKLRD 808. court. “integral” to its business. The business concerned are investments. The tenancy 仲裁 Mimmie Chan J ultimately ruled that litigation is incidental to the business. the firm could rely on the arbitration agreement to stay the court proceedings. • Walker J in Assaubayev v. Michael 事務律師注意：律師與不懂法 But the following three points should be Wilkinson & Partners Ltd [2014] 6 律的客戶訂立的仲裁協議不是 noted:- Costs LR 1058 at §8 held that there are three types of jurisdiction the 一律可予以強制執行的 • Mr. Fung was (a) expressly found court has to tax its solicitors’ bills. 事務律師不應因為已經與客戶簽署仲裁 not to be “dealing as a consumer”, The first relates to its statutory 協議，就指望任何爭議會自動被提交仲 and (b) in any event he provided his jurisdiction. The second relates to written consent to arbitration after its supervisory jurisdiction. The third 裁解決。 the parties’ differences had arisen. relates to “ordinary” jurisdiction. An 在Fung Hing Chiu Cyril v. Henry Wai & Co This meant that he did not have the arbitrator cannot exercise the court’s (a firm) [2018] 1 HKLRD 808，不懂法 protection pursuant to s. 15(1) of the supervisory jurisdiction. In this regard, Control of Exemptions Ordinance, as cited by Mimmie Chan J at para. 24, 律的客戶(「馮先生」)與他之前的律師事 Cap. 71 (‘CECO’). If the Court’s Assaubayev has expressly recognized 務所爭拗訟費。律師事務所根據仲裁條 factual finding had been different, the that although an arbitrator’s findings 款開始仲裁程序。馮先生在法庭開始訟 arbitration agreement would have would prima facie bind the parties, 費評定程序。 been unenforceable. So for eg if a lay- “it may be that the doctrine of issue client goes to solicitors with personal estoppel is inapplicable in so far as 高等法院原訟法庭法官陳美蘭最終裁 issues such as divorce, preparation/ the appellants seek to invoke the 定，律師事務所可以仲裁協議為依據， litigation of wills or family trusts, court’s own [supervisory] jurisdiction.” 申請擱置法院法律程序。不過有三點應 residential tenancy issues (non- Further, it is perhaps arguable 當留意： professional landlords and tenants), that a hearing by the Court on its etc. he could still have recourse to the 馮先生(a)被明確認定不是「以消費者身
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分交易」，及(b)不管如何，在雙方出現 於《仲裁條例》第20條的爭論點是認 available (any one of which alone is 分歧後提供同意仲裁的書面同意書。這 為「事宜」，即法庭的司法監督權， already enough to justify the awarding of 意味，他不受《管制免責條款條例》( 不是「仲裁的標的」。 Costs on Indemnity basis). 第71章)第15(1)條的保護。倘若法庭的 Bernacchi Chambers的廖健衡(Kelvin)及 Ground 1: A Totally Unmeritorious 事實裁斷是另一回事，仲裁協議就會無 吉鴻鎌(Raymond)。Kelvin和Raymond在 Application 法予以強制裁行。譬如說，一名不懂法 Fung Hing Chiu Cyril v Henry Wai & Co (a The Court reaffirmed that the fact 律的客戶找律師處理私人問題，例如離 firm) [2018] 1 HKLRD 808是原告人的 that the Plaintiff took out a totally 婚，擬備遺囑、遺囑訴訟或家族信託、 unmeritorious application going way 代表大律師。 住宅租賃問題(非專業業主及租客)，他雖 beyond mere procedure defects is, by this 然簽了仲裁協議，但仍可向法庭求助。 ground alone, already sufficient to award costs against the Plaintiff on indemnity • 《管制免責條款條例》第4條的「在 CIVIL PROCEDURE basis. 業務過程中」是用來界定「以消費 Ground 2: A Summons Taken Out in 者身分交易」的。自從英國上訴庭 Indemnity Costs - Impact of An Oppressive Manner (Manners & (the English Court of Appeal)在R & Poor Litigation Conduct Conduct) B Customs Brokers Co Ltd v. United In a recent judgment (Wang Ho Yin In respect of the 2nd Ground, it is Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 WLR Patrick v Fu Chun Lung & Ors. [2018] noteworthy that the Court will explore 321作出結論以後，「在業務過程 HKDC 301) handed down by H.H. Judge the particular conduct in which 中」就意味著有關交易必須是「不可 Andrew Li, the Court highlighted the negotiations were conducted. importance of good litigation conduct 或缺」的。附帶事宜不被包括在內。 Here, the Court found that the Plaintiff’s once again to practitioners. 這個狹窄的解釋對消費者有幫助。為 threat of “Contempt Proceedings” 此，Fung Hing Chiu Cyril案第50段和R Background only after the 1st round of negotiations oppressive. In the Court’s own words & B Customs Brokers Co Ltd案是否 After the Plaintiff withdrew an otherwise “I do not see how P’s client (who was 相容就成疑問。投資公司有關租賃的 misconceived application to vary the terms of a Tomlin Order in which P himself) “sincerity for settlement” 爭議也許可以勉強說是其業務「不可 the Court observed, “no citation was could have been exhausted when the 或缺」的部分。案中相關的是投資業 provided by P in the margin of the negotiations had hardly begun.” 務。租賃訴訟是業務附帶產生的。 Summons as to what rules the Summons Furthermore, the Court again took a • 法官Walker在Assaubayev v. Michael was supposed to be based on … it is quite stern view against the Plaintiff’s refusal Wilkinson & Partners Ltd [2014] 6 clear to me that P’s application has been to even agree on simple directions in totally misconceived and without any Costs LR 1058 at §8裁定，有三類 which, in the Learned Judge’s Decision, proper legal or factual foundation”. reaffirmed a rebuke made by the 司法管轄權是法庭必須評定律師訟費 Registrar that P “did not have to come to 單的。第一類與其法定司法管轄權有 Held the Plaintiff in this case, being himself a litigation solicitor at the court to obtain those directions” and to 關。第二類與其司法監督權有關。第 Plaintiff’s firm (see para 10), was slapped that extend the Registrar considered that 三類與「正常」司法管轄權有關。仲 with an Indemnity Cost Order after the P was “in the wrong”. 裁員不能行使法庭的司法監督權。就 Court found against him on not just This ruling is a stern reminder to 此而言，正如陳美蘭法官在第24段所 one (1) ground, but all four (4) grounds practitioners that where a directions 引述，Assaubayev案明確地認同，儘 管仲裁員的判斷表面上會約束訴訟各 方「舉凡上訴人尋求援用法庭本身的 司法[監督權]，爭議事項不容否定的 法律原則就有可能不適用。」此外， 有可能爭論的是，嚴格來說，法庭就 其司法監督權舉行的聆訊不是一次 上訴。這帶出一個有趣的個案處理問 題，並且有關人士應當認真考慮每次 遇上這類情況，法庭是否都應該首先 堅持要各方當事人進行仲裁。一個關
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hearing can be avoided, it is good practice 1. Cite the proper legal authority in the 此案原告人本身是原告人律師事務所的 to deal with it by consent, failing which, margins of a Summons (merely citing 訴訟律師(見第10段)。判決令原告人仿如 may result in sanctions from the Court. Inherent Jurisdiction is unacceptable). 被摑一巴掌，因為法庭不只基於一項(1) As a result of the anti-CJR conduct as 2. Be sincere during negotiations. This 理由，而是基於全部四項(4)可用的理由 exhibited by the Plaintiff, the Court too case illustrates how the Court will look (單以任何一項都足以支持判給按彌償基 into conduct of parties to ascertain allowed indemnity on this ground. 準評定的訟費)判他敗訴，繼而命令他須 whether offers were sincere. Ground 3: Outcome No Better than 支付按彌償基準評定的訟費。 3. Always endeavor to seek common Any of D1’s Prior Offers ground - no matter how minor. The 理由1：申請完全無理可據 An often-overlooked ground in refusal to even work out directions 法庭重申，原告人提出申請不只是程序 application for Indemnity Costs, it is resulted in the Court’s rebuke against noteworthy that where offers had been the Plaintiff for being “in the wrong”. 上欠妥，而且是完全無理可據，單單基 made but ignored, a withdrawal will Directions hearings are to be avoided. 於這項理由，就足以判原告人須支付按 automatically put the applicant at a 4. Consent Summons are always your 彌償基準評定的訟費。 position no better than if earlier offers friend. Beauty of Consent Summons is were accepted. 理由2：提出傳票，態度咄咄逼人(態度 that it can be entered into at any stage It was found in this case that “as a result (so long as parties are willing). 及行為) of the withdrawal of the Summons 5. Always be courteous. The Plaintiff’s 關於理由2，值得留意的是，法庭將探索 on that date of the hearing, P was no mannerisms were deemed as “an 進行談判的特定行為。 better off than any of D1’s offers made at affront to professional courtesy”. various stages of the negotiations which 原告人在第一輪談判剛完結後威脅展開 Practitioners are therefore reminded consisted of a number of concessions 「藐視法庭訴訟」，法庭認為他是咄咄 of the imperative to avoid falling into made by D1 with a view to amicably the same pitfalls as the Plaintiff (whom 逼人。李法官的說話是「本席不明白， settle the matter.” The resulting wasted himself is a litigator), it can be easily seen 既然談判根本難以開始，原告人客戶(原 costs from Plaintiff’s belligerent conduct how good manners and courtesy pays off 告人本人)的『和解的誠意』(sincerity for therefore resulted in yet another ground in the long run. being found against the Plaintiff for settlement)又怎麼可能已經耗盡。」 indemnity. - Joshua Chu, Associate, Robinsons 此外，原告人甚至是一個簡單的指示也 Lawyers (Hong Kong) Ground 4: P’s Unreasonable 拒絕同意，司法常務官批評原告人「其 Anna Lau, Associate, Robinsons Behaviour 實無須到法庭領取那些指示」，直指原 Lawyers (Hong Kong) Lastly, this ground cannot be better 告人這方面「理虧」(in the wrong)。李 elucidated than in the words of H.H. 民事訴訟程序 法官在他的訟費決定書中再次狠批原告 Judge Andrew Li where it was held that 人，引述司法常務官對原告人作出的指 “this application had to come as far as 彌償訟費–訴訟行為差劣的影 責。 the hearing (only to find that P’s counsel would abandon it half way through) was 響 此次判決提醒法律從業人員必須記住， as a result of P’s (both in his capacity as 在區域法院法官李樹旭最近頒發的判決書 如果指示聆訊是可以避免進行的，雙方 the handling solicitor and lay client in (Wang Ho Yin Patrick v Fu Chun Lung & 按同意處理問題是一種很好的做法，不 the case) refusal to curtail the dispute by 這樣做的話，可能會被法庭懲罰。 consent and constant attempts to refer Ors. [2018] HKDC 301)中，法庭再次向 to matters which occurred prior to the 法律從業員強調良好訴訟行為的重要性。 由於原告人所展現的行為與民事司法制 entering of the Tomlin Order… In my view, 度改革完全相反，法庭亦以此為由，准 背景 this could have been totally avoided had 予按彌償基準評定訟費。 P acted reasonable and with a sense of 原告人發出傳票更改湯林命令(Tomlin proportionality and judgement.” Order)的條款。傳票申請原本是原告人基 理由3：結果並不比第一被告人任何之 前的建議為佳 Take Away Points 於錯誤理解而提出的。法官指出「傳票頁 邊不見任何援引，原告人沒有顯示他是基 This case only goes to highlight the 有一個申請彌償訟費的理由經常被忽 importance of professional courtesy 於甚麼規定發出傳票……，本席完全清楚 略。值得一提的是，如果一方提出建議 where, if left unobserved, can very well 可見，原告人的申請完全是基於錯誤理解 但申請人置之不理，申請人撤銷傳票 lead to very severe consequences. In 而提出的，他的申請沒有任何恰當的法律 後，處境不會自動比他接受之先前建議 summary: 基礎或事實根據」。法庭在原告人撤銷傳 後的為佳。 票後作出訟費決定。
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法官認定，「被告人在談判的不同階段 CIVIL PROCEDURE “Members are reminded that the Court 提出過和解建議，退讓了好幾步，以期 will only award costs at the rate agreed 和平解決此事，但由於原告人在聆訊當 Taxation and Costs with the client. It is therefore important to provide the court with evidence of such 日撤銷傳票，他的處境不會比被告人的 It pays to read the Law Society of Hong agreement, or the firm’s retainer letter 任何建議為佳。」因此，原告人的敵對 Kong circulars circulated to members which should be given to the client upon each week. They contain important 行為導致虛耗訟費，而虛耗訟費造成另 receipt of instructions and contain details information that affect a lawyer’s 一項命令原告人支付彌償訟費的理由。 of the following …”. (italics added) practice. The headings of some circulars 」 may sound a bit technical at times There then follows a non-exhaustive list which includes details of the instructions 理由4：原告人的不合理行為 but even within these circulars there is important information. Take, for example, and services provided and the charging 最後，要闡明這個理由，沒有比區域法 the recent circular titled “High Court rate for individual fee-earners and any 院法官李樹旭的說話來得更合適，李法 Taxation – Consolidated Circular, Updated support staff. 官裁定「聆訊(最後卻是原告人代表律師 April 2018” (18-241(PA)). As for Counsel’s fees, good practice is 中途放棄)是在登錄湯林命令之前，原告 Besides informing members about to obtain money on account (Guide to 人(同時以經辦律師及案中不懂法律的當 updates to High Court taxation practices, Professional Conduct, principle 4.07 and 事人的身分)拒絕藉雙方同意平息爭議， there is reference (at paragraph 10) 12.04). 並且不斷試圖轉介事件才進行的，因此 to solicitors’ hourly rates, which were A letter of engagement (no later than increased for work done as from 1 是項申請是必定提出……本席認為， seven days after receiving instructions) is January 2018 (also see “Recovery of 倘若原告人行事合理，有相稱感和判斷 mandatory in criminal matters (Solicitors’ Solicitor Hourly Rates”, Industry Insights, Practice Rule 5D). In civil matters, a letter 力，這原本是可以完全避免的。」 January 2018; and the President’s letter of engagement is good practice (Guide to members for January 2018). 重點 to Professional Conduct, for example, The increased rates represent a principle 4.01 and 5.01) – one can envisage 此案的作用只是強調專業禮數的重要 significant development in the litigation a time when it will become mandatory. 性，如果不持守專業禮數，就很有可能 landscape of Hong Kong that litigants The absence of a letter of engagement 釀成嚴重後果。總的來說： and insurers will have to come to grips (incorporating a provision for the with. Court decisions on actual recovery 1. 在傳票頁邊援用適當的合法權限(只援 periodic review of a solicitor’s charge-out rates tend to have little precedent value. rates) may well give rise to difficulties 用固有司法管轄權是不能接受的)。 The point (made in paragraph 10 of on taxation. For example, a receiving 2. 談判期間要態度誠懇。此案說明法庭 the circular), which is easy for busy party cannot recover a sum in excess of 會怎樣查看各方當事人的行為，以確 practitioners to overlook, is that solicitors’ their liability to their own solicitors (the 定建議是否真誠提出的。 hourly rates are for the court’s guidance. “indemnity principle”). The absence of a letter of engagement (that is properly 3. 事無大小都努力尋求共識。原告人甚 These rates can be adjusted up or down as taxing masters consider appropriate dated) begs the question how a receiving 至拒絕定出指示，法庭因為原告人「 on a case by case basis – albeit, the rates party’s solicitors can provide evidence of 理虧」而指責。指示聆訊可免則免。 are important benchmarks and a starting an agreement with their client as to costs 4. 同意傳票永遠是你的朋友。同意傳票 point (the pre-2018 “range” of rates (let alone justify recovery of the increased rates). 勝在可以在任何階段提出(只要當事人 having gone). 願意便可以)。 At paragraph 11 of the circular is a very - David Smyth and David Kwok, important reminder: 5. 時刻有禮。原告人的做法被視為「冒 RPC 犯專業禮數」。 因此，法律從業員務必要避免重蹈原告 人(他本身是訴訟人)的覆轍，顯而易見， 訴訟行為良好和講究禮數最終是有回報 的。
- 朱喬華助理律師，羅本信律師行(香港) 劉敏廷助理律師，羅本信律師行(香港)
56 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
民事訴訟程序 4.07及12.04)。 even for the reason of insolvency in the higher supply chain; iii) whether 送出委聘書(不得超過接獲指示後七天)在 訟費評定和訟費 payment conditional on certification 刑事事件中是硬性規定(《律師執業規則 or performance of obligations under 閱讀香港律師會每週發給會員參閱的通 第5D條》)。在民事事件中，送出委聘書 another contract should render 告是有好處的。通告載有對律師執業 是妥善的做法(例如《香港律師會專業守 ineffective; and iv) whether nominated 有影響的重要資料。有些通告的標題看 則》原則4.01及5.01)——可以預計得到 sub-contractors shall be exempted. 起來較為專業，但是，這些通告裡面 送出委聘書會變成硬性規定的時間。 Two recent cases in Australia and 有重要的資料。最近一份標題為「High Malaysia touch upon some of these 欠缺委聘書(當中包括定期檢討律師使費 Court Taxation – Consolidated Circular, issues. The Australia High Court handed 率的規定)很可能引起訟費評定上的困 down a judgment that contingent or Updated April 2018」(高等法院訟費評 難。例如，收取方追回的金額不能超逾 dependent payment on the operation 定 – 綜合通告，2018年4月更新資料) 他們對本身律師負有的法律責任(「彌償 of another contract is ineffective under 的通告(18-241(PA))就是一例。 原則」)。欠缺委聘書(妥為註明日期的) the relevant South Australian SOP Act. 除了通知會員高等法院評定訟費的常規 產生一個問題：收取方的律師如何提供 The Malaysia Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal on the adjudicator’s decision 之外，通告有提到律師的每小時收費率( 能夠證明與當事人有訟費協議的證據呢( that if the cause of non-payment was 第10段)；適用於2018年1月1日或之後 更別說提出追回已調高收費的理由了)？ insolvency in the higher supply chain, 完成的工作的每小時收費率已經調高(請 it was sufficient to render a conditional - 施德偉及郭文龍，RPC 亦參閱2018年1月《業界透視》的「追 payment provision ineffective under the 回律師每小時收費率」、會長2018年1 Malaysian SOP Act. 月致會員的信)。 CONSTRUCTION One of the key purposes of SOP legislation is to safeguard cash flow 已調高的收費率是香港民事訴訟制度的 in the construction industry. The 重大發展，訴訟人和承保人必須正視。 “Pay when Paid” Clause prohibition of “pay when paid” provision 法院關於實際追回收費的決定，往往少 in Construction Contract in construction contracts appears to 有作為先例的價值。 (Summary)* be widely construed and effectively operated in different jurisdictions. The 律師的每小時收費率是給法庭作指引用 The Development Bureau of the HKSAR released the public consultation report law drafting and judicial interpretation of 的(通告第10段)，忙碌的法律執業者很容 in April 2016 in regard to the proposed this provision in the HK SOP legislation 易忽略這點。訟費評定官可根據每宗案 Security of Payment Legislation in Hong may vary in some degree following the 件的情況，將收費率調高或調低到他認 Kong. For this consultation, the Bureau stakeholder’s demand and expectation. 為合適的水平——雖然收費率是重要的 submitted four questions about “pay - Albert Yeu, FCIArb MRICS MICE 基準，也是一個起始點(2018年之前的收 when paid” provision in the proposed 費率「範圍」已成過去)。 legislation. They are i) whether “pay * The full text was circulated via Hong Kong when paid” clause should render Lawyer eNewsletter and posted on Hong Kong 通告第11段是一個非常重要的提醒： ineffective by law; ii) whether “pay when Lawyer website. paid” clause should render ineffective 「現提醒會員，法院只會判給以律師與 當事人議定的收費率計算的訟費。因 此，向法院提供這樣的協議或律師事務 所的聘用函是一件重要的事，文件應當 在收到指示後立即交給當事人，內容應 當包含下列各項的詳細資料……」。(斜 體後加以示強調)
接續第11段的是一份可增補的列表， 當中包括指示的詳情和所提供服務的詳 情，還有費用賺取者及任何支援人員的 收費。
至於大律師的費用，預先支付款是妥善 的做法(《香港律師會專業守則》原則
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建造業 CORPORATE must go public, it may be prudent for the founder to consider divesting some of 建造合約的「先收款、後付 Finding the Right Listing his/her power to a professional CEO as part of the listing process. 款」條款(概要)* Venue: Hong Kong, New York, Elsewhere or Venue Considerations 香港特別行政區政府發展局2016年4月 Nowhere? Once a company has decided to go 發布關於擬議香港的付款保障條例的公 To many, the success of a company is public, the next question is where it 眾諮詢報告。發展局提出了諮詢問題， determined by how fast the company can should list. Like the decision of going 其中四條與擬議條例禁止「先收款、後 be listed on a major securities exchange. public, the decision on where to list 付款」有關。四條問題如下：i)應否立法 However, stakeholders should not push depends on the specific needs and characteristics of the company and its 規定「先收款、後付款」條款無效；ii)是 a company to seek a public listing at all costs without considering whether such a controlling shareholders. 否應令「先收款、後付款」條款無效， step is the appropriate way forward. A company is better off in a venue 即使不付款的原因是供應鏈上游有合約 where there are stock analysts willing Going Public is not the Inevitable 一方破產亦然；iii)應否令以獲發核證或 to cover the stock and investors willing Choice 履行另一份合約的責任作為付款的先決 to understand the company’s business. Going public may not be the best option 條件的條款無效；及iv)應否豁免指定分 A successful IPO is typically only the in some circumstances. The IPO process first step. Continued investor interest in 包商的合約？ tends to be expensive and typically takes the stock is essential to the company’s 最近兩宗在澳洲和馬來西亞的案件涉及 many months to complete. In addition, ability to complete follow-on offerings many IPOs have failed for a variety 上述一些問題。澳洲高等法院(Australia and shareholders’ ability to resell in the of reasons, including a mismatch in secondary market. High Court)頒發判決：根據相關的南澳 pricing expectations, market turbulence 洲付款保障法案(South Australian SOP and unforeseen regulatory changes. The company’s activities also play a part in the decision on where to list. A Act)，條款如規定付款須視乎任何其他 Finally, pre-IPO investors may encounter company active in deal-making may 合約或協議的履行情況而定或以有關情 difficulties in exiting in, or after an IPO, especially when their resale ability is prefer New York to Hong Kong. Chapter 況作為先決條件，即屬無效。馬來西亞 restricted by statutory limitations and/ 14 (on notifiable transactions) and 上訴法院(Malaysia Court of Appeal)駁回 or contractual lock-ups. Hence, pre-IPO Chapter 14A (on connected transactions) 一宗關於審裁官所作裁決的上訴，該審 investors may get a better and quicker of the HKSE listing rules impose extensive stockholder approval and 裁官裁定：如果不付款的原因是供應鏈 return by selling the company to a strategic buyer (ie, a trade sale). disclosure requirements. In contrast, the 上游有合約一方破產，根據馬來西亞付 Nasdaq and NYSE listing rules require 款保障法案(Malaysian SOP Act)就足以 An IPO may arguably also not be suitable stockholder approval only in very limited for companies that are undergoing a 令有條件付款的條款無效。 circumstances and allow “foreign private stage of growth or restructuring. A listed issuers” (‘FPIs’), a status for which most 付款保障條例的主要目的之一，是保障 company typically needs to adhere to foreign companies would qualify, to 建造業的現金流轉。禁止在建造合約利 certain transparency and disclosure substitute the U.S. requirements with requirements, which may create 用「先收款、後付款」條款的條文似乎 rules of their “home jurisdictions” in restrictions on management’s ability many situations. FPIs are also exempt 有廣泛的解釋，在不同司法管轄權區行 to make and execute certain decisions. from the proxy rules under US securities 之有效。如何草擬這條在香港付款保障 Moreover, there may be impatience on laws. Unlike domestic companies, 條例之內的條文及對條文的司法解釋， the part of investors with projects that shareholder circulars prepared by an 可能因應持份者的需求和期望而有所不 could take years to come to fruition, FPI on almost any subject other than thereby putting pressure on the company 同。 privatizations are exempt from review to produce short-term profits at the by the US Securities and Exchange - Albert Yeu, FCIArb MRICS MICE expense of long-term growth. Commission (‘SEC’).
* 全文已透過《香港律師》電子通訊發表並已上 Finally, not all founders are suitable to A controlling shareholder active in stock 載到《香港律師》網站。 run a listed company. While they might trading may not like New York. Under US be good businessmen, their approach securities laws, any sale by a controlling may diverge from what is typically shareholder of her shares in the public expected of management in a listed market would be subject to Rule 144 company. If a company in this situation volume limitations, unless his/her resale
58 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
has been registered with the SEC. Resale 企業 司。他們可能有做生意的頭腦，但管理 registration of this nature often creates 方法可能有別於我們通常預期上市公司 a market overhang. Further, unless the 尋找稱心的上市地點：香 管理層所用的方法。一間處於這種情況 company qualifies as an FPI, the short 港？紐約？其他地方？沒有 的公司如果一定要上市，創辦人不妨考 swing profit rules also require affiliates 地方？ 慮分拆他∕她一部分權力給專業的行政 of a domestic company to surrender 總裁，作為上市過程的一部分；這不失 their short-term trading profits to the 很多人認為，一間公司的成功是由公司能 為一種審慎的做法。 company. 否在短時間內在主要證券交易所上市決定 A controlling shareholder who wants 的。然而，持份者不應該不顧一切，催迫 上市地點的考慮 flexibility may prefer New York to Hong 公司尋求上市，完全不考慮這是否合適的 一旦公司決定了上市，下一個問題是， Kong. There is no counterpart of the 未來路向。 公司應該在哪個地方上市？像決定上市 Hong Kong Takeovers Code in the United States. She can realize her control 上市不是必然的選擇 一樣，上市地點的決定取決於公司的具 體需要和特色，以及公司的控股股東。 premium in off-market sales because the 在某些情況下，上市未必是最好的選擇。 buyer does not need to make a general 首次公開招股程序往往成本高昂，並且通 公司比較適宜在有股票分析員願意報道 offer to buy the shares at the same 常要花好幾個月才完成。此外，很多首次 公司股票，也有投資者願意了解公司業 price from the remaining shareholders. 務的地方上市。成功的首次公開發售往 She can also privatize the company 公開發售都因為種種原因而以失敗告終， more easily, because she can vote on 包括定價預期錯配、市場動盪及未預見到 往只是第一步。投資者的興趣是決定公 a privatization plan she initiated. The 在規例上有改變。最後，首次公開發售之 司能否完成後續發行的要素，投資者的 approval threshold is also much easier to 時或之後，首次公開發售前投資者在退出 興趣持續不減，公司就有能力完成後續 satisfy. 時或會遇上困難，特別是他們的轉售能力 發行，股東也就能夠在第二市場轉售股 份。 Other Options 會由於法定限制及∕或約定禁售而受到限 制。因此，首次公開發售前投資者只要把 Other offshore listing options are 公司業務亦在上市地點的決定上發揮作 available and are likewise chosen 公司股份轉售給策略買家(即股權轉讓)， 用。交易活躍的公司可能喜歡紐約勝過 depending on the needs and 就能夠更快得到更好的回報。 香港。聯交所《上市規則》第十四章( characteristics of the company. For 首次公開發售亦可以被認為並不適合正處 須予公布的交易)及第十四A章(關連交 example, some companies choose to list 於增長或重組階段的公司。上市公司通常 易)施加大量關於股東批准的規定。相 their stock in one venue (or not list their 反，納斯達克和紐約交易所的上市規則 stock at all) and their debt securities in 需要遵守若干透明度規定和披露規定，這 another. The more popular choices for 些規定可能對管理層的決策能力或執行決 只在極有限的情況下，才規定需要取得 the latter include the Singapore Stock 定的能力造成限制。此外，投資者可能對 股東的批准及准許「外國私人發行人」( Exchange and the Luxembourg Stock 於要花上多年時間才有回報的項目欠缺耐 「FPI」)——大多數外國公司都會符合外 Exchange. Some smaller companies 性，因而向公司施壓，要求公司賺取短期 國私人發行人的資格，因而在很多情況 choose to list their stock on the OTCBB, 利潤，犧牲長期增長。 下可以其「本土司法權區」的規定代替 one of the over-the-counter markets in 美國的規定。外國私人發行人亦獲豁免 the United States, or AIM, a sub-market 最後，不是所有創辦人都適合管理上市公 遵守美國證券法有關投票代表的規定。 of the London Stock Exchange, in the United Kingdom. Companies are also not limited to listing at one venue. Some companies are listed in more than one market, often in the form of depositary receipts in the non-primary market. Given the large number of viable alternatives outlined above, clients seeking a “backdoor listing” should be reminded that such alternatives do exist.
- Virginia Tam, Partner, K&L Gates (Hong Kong)
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與美國本土的公司不同，外國私人發行 EMPLOYMENT LAW there was no evidence that she had 人編製的股東通函，可說是不論任何主 deliberately concealed her brother’s 題(除了是關於私有化的除外)，一律不用 #Me Too in the Office – position, it was noted that she had failed to comply with the relevant code 經美國證券交易委員會(「SEC」)審閱。 Workplace Misconduct in the Spotlight of conduct for years despite receiving 活躍於股票買賣的控股股東可能不喜歡 many procedural reminders to do so. Employee misconduct and fraud can The code, which Ms Hogg had been 紐約。根據美國證券法，控股股東在公 encompass a wide range of activities, responsible for implementing, set out 開市場的任何股份出售，均受制於規則 from absenteeism at one end of the scale, standards of governance for the Bank 第144條的交易量限制，除非他∕她已經 to the other end of the scale, insider that were commensurate with those 向SEC登記轉售。這種性質的轉售登記通 dealing, theft and financial statement standards of the institutions it was fraud. Such conduct transgression 常產生市場過剩。此外，短線利潤規則 regulating. often goes undetected, and only being 亦規定，除非符合FPI的資格，否則本土 • Insider dealing highlighted by the occasional whistle- There are also the classic forms of 公司的聯屬公司必須向該公司交出短期 blower or if the employer has robust insider dealing. A novel twist came 買賣利潤。 internal controls. about in August last year, when it was revealed that a technology consultant 想有靈活度的控股股東可能喜歡紐約勝 Conduct, culture & accountability of a prominent investment bank had As attention is focused on what is 過香港。美國沒有與香港《收購守則》 been passing insider information “appropriate” in terms of workplace 相等的守則。控股股東可以場外出售股 to the father of his girlfriend. The behaviour, in the wake of the #MeToo 份，變現其控制權溢價，原因是買方不 information included information movement, employee conduct about mergers and acquisitions 需要作出全面收購建議，以等價買入其 transgression is increasingly under the that were yet to be announced and 餘股東的股份。控股股東也可以更容易 spotlight of financial institutions and which the older man traded on. their regulators. Conduct, culture and 將公司私有化，原因是她可以投票支持 Acting US Attorney Joon Kim was accountability are more than ever the 由自己提出的私有化計劃。批准門檻也 reported as saying, “the defendants watchwords for corporate life. 是更容易達到的。 took advantage of an insider at an • Conflict of interests investment bank to make millions 其他選項 There have been several high-profile in illegal profits, trading more than incidents internationally that have 50 times in advance of confidential 還有其他離岸上市方案可供選擇，同樣 drawn attention to misconduct or corporation information.” Five 地，選取甚麼方案取決於公司的需要和 the appearance of misconduct in the other men who also traded on 特色。例如，有些公司選擇在一個地點 workplace. In March 2017, Charlotte the information were arrested in 將公司股份上市(或股份完全不上市)，在 Hogg, a former Chief Operating California, Florida and New Jersey, Officer and Deputy Governor of the accused of making around US$5 另一地點將債務證券上市。較受歡迎的 Bank of England, resigned after million from the scheme. 債務證券上市地點是新加坡交易所和盧 being accused of failing to disclose • Absenteeism 森堡證券交易所。有些規模較小的公司 the fact that her brother worked for In Hong Kong, abuse of sick leave is 選擇在美國的場外交易議價板將股份上 Barclays, an institution regulated by particularly acute during the festive the Bank. Ms Hogg stepped down 市——交易議價板是美國場外交易市場 seasons. Whilst there is no reason after the UK Parliament’s Treasury 之一，有些則選擇在英國的另項投資市 to question legitimate sick leave, Select Committee criticised her for difficulties arise where there are 場將股份上市——另項投資市場是倫敦 failing to disclose the conflict, saying repeated unexplained absences. 證券交易所的次級市場。公司亦不限於 her conduct “fell short of the very Often, the unexplained absences 只能有一個上市地點。有些公司在多過 high standards required.” Whilst occur on a Monday or Friday, or on 一個市場上市，通常是以預託證券形式 在非集資市場進行。上文概述了大量可 行的方法，尋求「借殼上市」的客戶應 獲告知這樣的方法的確存在。
- 譚敏亮合夥人，高蓋茨律師事務所(香 港)
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either side of a public holiday. The 僱傭法 情者，在機密的公司資料公布之前， cost of absenteeism to a business 買賣超過50次，非法圖利數百萬元。 can be substantial, with businesses 辦公室#MeToo–專談工作場 」另五名同樣根據資料進行買賣的男 having to take on additional cover and 所的不當行為 子分別在加州、佛羅里達州及新澤西 use temporary labour. The morale of 州被捕，並被控從中圖利大約500萬 colleagues can also be affected when 僱員的不當行為和欺詐行為所包含的活 美元。 a particular employee is known to be 動範圍可以很廣泛，由缺勤到內幕交 abusing their position in this way. 易、盜竊及財務報表欺詐，統統包括在 • 缺勤 Whistle-blowing channels 內。這些行為上的過失通常不被察覺， 在香港，濫用病假的情況在節日期間 One way of tackling abuses is to make 只偶爾才有告密者將過失曝光，或者要 特別嚴重。雖然無人有理由質疑合 channels available for employees 不是僱主設有穩健的內部監控，根本無 理的病假，但接連無故缺勤就有問題 to report conduct transgression in 了。僱員通常在星期一或星期五無 confidence. Unlike many other countries, 人知道。 故缺勤，又或者在公眾假期開首或結 there is no comprehensive legislative 行為、文化及問責性 regime in Hong Kong that offers 束的日子缺勤。如果缺勤問題嚴重， protection to whistleblowers. Instead, 隨著#MeToo運動興起，人們重點關注怎 公司就得承擔額外保險及使用臨時工 there is a patchwork of different provisions 樣才算是「合宜」的工作場所行為，金 人，所招致的成本可以非常龐大。當 under various laws that offer protection 融機構及相關監管機構日漸聚焦於僱員 有僱員被知道以這方式濫用職權，員 to whistleblowers from dismissal or the 的行為，慎防他們行差踏錯。「行為、 工士氣亦可能受到影響。 threat of discrimination when they make 文化、問責」比起過往更加是企業永遠 a disclosure. Where a disclosure is made 舉報渠道 in relation to corruption, bribery of the 合用的口號。 應付濫用情況的一種方法，是開闢渠 proceeds of drug trafficking, employees • 利益衝突 are protected from dismissal. Similarly, 道，方便僱員舉報不當行為。與其他很 an employee who makes a disclosure or 國際間出現過多宗矚目事件，令人關 多國家不一樣，香港的立法制度並不全 complaint under any of the Hong Kong 注到不當行為或在工作場所出現的不 面，沒有給告密者提供保障。反而，各 anti-discrimination ordinances also 當行為。2017年3月，英倫銀行(Bank 項法律下有不同條文，東湊西拼的，保 benefits from protection. of England)前首席營運長兼副行長 障告密者免被解僱或恐被歧視。凡披露 Cultivating the right culture Charlotte Hogg辭職，此前，他被指控 的事情與貪污舞弊、賄賂、販毒得益有 Cultivating a culture that has zero 沒有申報其兄長在巴克萊(Barclays)任 關，僱員受保障免被解僱。同樣地，根 tolerance to employee fraud and 職，而巴克萊是受英倫銀行所監管的 據任何香港反歧視條例作出披露或投訴 misconduct is essential to eliminating the 銀行之一。英國國會財政委員會批評 的僱員亦獲得保障。 “bad apples”. 她未有披露利益衝突，指她的行為「 Board members and senior management 未達到副行長職位所需的很高標準」 培養正確的文化 should be seen to be putting into ，Hogg之後下台。無證據證明她故意 要消滅「壞份子」就得培養一種對僱員 practice the company’s code of ethics 隱瞞其兄長在巴克萊工作，但她被指 的欺詐及不當行為零容忍的文化。 and anti-fraud policy. Companies should 沒有理會多次收到的程序提示，多年 also update their fraud response plan 董事局成員及高級管理層應以身作則， at regular intervals. The plan should be 來並不符合相關的操守守則。Hogg有 謹守公司的操守守則及反欺詐政策。公 widely available within the company to 責任落實守則，守則列明銀行的管治 司亦應定期更新反欺詐應變計劃，並在 underline the value that management 標準，這些標準與銀行所監管機構的 公司內部廣泛推行，向僱員強調管理層 places on a clean corporate culture. 適用標準相若。 所看重的清廉企業文化。 In straightened economic times, no • 內幕交易 business can afford to jettison five per 在經濟好轉的時期，沒有公司負擔得起 工作場所有典型的內幕交易行為。去 cent of revenue through misconduct, 收益通過不當行為、欺詐或不良行為而 年八月發生了一宗新的欺詐案，一家 fraud or malpractice. The key to dealing 損失5%。處理工作場所中僱員的不當 with employee misconduct and fraud in 著名投資銀行的技術顧問被揭發一直 行為和欺詐行為的關鍵是，制定嚴格政 the workplace is to have rigorous policies 把內幕消息轉交給女朋友的父親。所 策，建立清廉的企業文化，鼓勵僱員舉 in place and create a clean corporate 轉交的包括關於合併及收購但尚未公 culture that encourages employees to 報行為不當的同事。 布的資料，女朋友的父親根據資料進 blow the whistle on colleagues who 行買賣。據報，美國代理律師Joon misbehave. - 林尹菁顧問律師，高偉紳律師行 Kim稱：「眾被告人利用投資銀行的知 - Anita Lam, Counsel, Clifford Chance
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PROFESSION Ad hoc Admission of Overseas Counsel 2017–18 In 2017 we reported that contested applications by overseas counsel for ad hoc admission to the Hong Kong Bar, pursuant to s. 27(4) of the Legal Practitioners Ordinance (Cap. 159), appeared to be gaining some ground (Industry Insights, May 2017), after experiencing something of a rough patch (Industry Insights, December 2016). Interestingly, until the recent case of or depend on the application of facts. 專業導論 Shân Warnock-Smith QC, [2018] HKCFI Issues of novelty (of themself) do not 689, the application for ad hoc admission satisfy the test for ad hoc admission 專案認許海外大律師2017–18 in Dinah Rose QC (the subject of the (Parsons QC, HCMP No. 1654 of 2015). 海外大律師可以《法律執業者條例》(第 May 2017 Industry Insights) was the last Of interest, what appears to have crept 159章)第27(4)條為依據，申請在專案的 one of which either writer is aware that into some of the language of the court’s produced a reported judgment. jurisprudence is a reference to aspects 原則上，被認許為大律師。我們在2017 年報導過，這些備受爭議的申請經歷過重 The application in Shân Warnock-Smith of the test for ad hoc admission being QC was unsuccessful. In brief, the a “matter of feel” (Shân Warnock-Smith 重難關之後(2016年12月《業界透視》) applicant sought permission to represent QC, at para. 20, and Dinah Rose QC, at ，現在似乎越來越多成功個案(2017年5 the appellants in substantial appeal paras. 19 and 38); while not helpful for 月《業界透視》)。 proceedings arising out of a case to do applicants, their instructing solicitors or with the provision of private banking, those they represent, a “feel test” does 在最近的Shân Warnock-Smith QC[2018] investment management and trust represent an actuality. HKCFI 689案之前， Dinah Rose QC案 services. The court proceedings out of So far, 2018 appears to have been a (2017年5月《業界透視》探討的案件)是 which the appeal arises are undoubtedly relatively quiet year for applications for 筆者所知最新的一宗涉及專案認許申請的 complex. ad hoc admission. That carries on a trend 案件(未經彙編)。 However, the court (as is customary, from 2017. The Bar’s “Report of Standing 在Shân Warnock-Smith QC案的申請以失敗 a single judge of appeal sitting at first Committee on Overseas Admissions 2017” instance) was not persuaded that the confirms that there were only twenty- 告終。簡單地說，申請人要求獲准在重要 application met the guidelines for ad three applications for ad hoc admission 的上訴訴訟中代表上訴人，該訴訟是由一 hoc admission, with the public interest in 2017; the lowest number that either 宗涉及私人銀行、投資管理及信託服務提 writer can recall in almost ten years. Of being the ultimate aim. In particular, 供的案件引起的。毫無疑問，引起上訴的 these applications, twenty-one were not the issues arising in the appeal were not 法庭程序是複雜的。 considered to be unusually difficult or opposed by the Bar; the highest ratio that complex (in the context of the test for ad either writer can recall. Whether these 然而，法庭(按照慣例，初審時由單一法 hoc admission), nor were they considered two matters are related is not clear. 官審理)最終基於對公眾利益的考慮，不 to be of such nature that they would have What is clearer is that the trend with 認為有關申請符合專案認許大律師資格的 a substantial impact on the development applications by English Silks for ad hoc 指引。特別是，上訴引發的爭論點不被認 of local jurisprudence. admission is generally declining, while (in 為異常困難或複雜(以專案認許大律師的 contrast) their presence in arbitrations in In some respects, the application in Shân 測試作為背景)，也不被認為所具性質會 Warnock-Smith QC is not dissimilar to Asia is increasing. 對本地法理的發展具有實質影響。 that in cases such as Lord QC, HCMP No. Amid all of this, the trend with new 1397 of 2013, and Hapgood QC, HCMP admissions by local barristers (and “net 在某些方面，在Shân Warnock-Smith QC的 No. 101 of 2013. For example, while the growth”) remains stable – one might 申請不是與Lord QC(HCMP 1397/2013) applicant’s expertise was not in question, even describe it as “healthy” (Bar’s 及Hapgood QC(HCMP 101/2013)等案件 the proceedings (in respect of which ad “Report of Standing Committee on Local 的不一樣。例如，儘管申請人的專業知識 hoc admission was sought) appear to Admissions 2017”). That is a good thing. involve legal principles that primarily 不是問題，但法律程序(與要求專案認許 concern the construction of documents - David Smyth and Warren Ganesh, 有關的)所牽涉的法律原則，似乎主要涉 RPC
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及詮釋文件或取決於對案情的應用。上訴( In Securities and Futures Commission v. Thus far, in matters of s. 213 proceedings, 本身)有具新意的爭論點，也不符合以專案 Lee Kwok Wa & Ors, [2018] HKCA 108, the the courts in Hong Kong have adopted a 性質認許大律師資格的要求(Parsons QC Court of Appeal gave permission to three liberal and purposive approach and, in the event that the appeal fails, one suspects 案，HCMP 1654/2015)。 appellants to pursue their appeal to the Court of Final Appeal (‘CFA’). Background that the SFC will be looking to put s. 令人感興趣的是，在法庭判例中，「情感 to the case is set out in Industry Insights 300 to more use (through proceedings 上的問題」日漸成為專案認許測試中提到 for March 2016 and December 2017. pursuant to s. 213). The Tiger Asia case really was a landmark one. 的問題(Shân Warnock-Smith QC案第20段 The question in the appeal stated by the Court of Appeal to be of “great general 及Dinah Rose QC案第19及38段)；雖然「 - Warren Ganesh and Ben Yates, RPC 情感測試」對申請人、延聘他們的律師、 or public importance” (s. 22(1)(b) of the * Editorial Note: Subject to final appeal – FAMV 他們所代表的當事人沒有幫助，但的確代 Court of Final Appeal Ordinance) turns on the proper meaning of the phrase “in a 18/2018. 表一種實況。 transaction involving securities” in s. 300 到目前為止，就要求專案認許大律師資格 of the Ordinance (note emphasis above). 監管及合規 的申請來說，2018是相對寧靜的一年。 While a person who contravenes s.300(1) 這是延續2017年的趨勢。香港大律師公 is stated to commit “an offence” it is 《證券及期貨條例》第300條 會的「海外大律師資格認許常委會年報 important to note that in this case the – 向上級法院上訴 proceedings arise out of the SFC’s use 2017」確定，2017年只有23宗專案認許 of s. 213 of the Ordinance. “Section 213” 《證券及期貨條例》(第571章)第 大律師資格的申請；這數目是筆者所記得 proceedings are civil in nature. As readers 300(1)條 近十年以來最低的。這些申請之中，沒有 will recall, following the ruling of the CFA 遭大律師公會反對的有21宗；這是筆者所 in SFC v. Tiger Asia Management LLC & 「任何人不得在涉及證券、期貨合約或 記得的最高比率。現時不清楚兩者是否有 Ors, (2013) 16 HKCFAR 324, s. 213 has 槓桿式外匯交易的交易中 —— 關係。 been put to good use by the SFC to obtain (for example) declarations that parties (a)意圖欺詐或欺騙而直接或間接使用任 有一件事是較為清晰的：整體而言，由英 have committed acts that contravene 何手段、計劃或計謀；或 國大律師提出的專案認許大律師資格申請 a relevant provision of the Ordinance (b)直接或間接從事任何具欺詐或欺騙性 呈下跌之勢，同時(相比之下)，他們漸多 without the need for a prior finding of 質或會產生欺詐或欺騙效果的作為、做 在亞洲區的仲裁案出現。 market misconduct by a criminal court or the Market Misconduct Tribunal. 法或業務。」 在這種情況下，本地新認許大律師人數(「 Section 213 has become known as the 在Securities and Futures Commission v. 淨增長」)趨勢維持穩定――甚至可以形容 “third way” and, on the back of it, the SFC Lee Kwok Wa & Ors，[2018] HKCA 108 為「健康」(大律師公會的「大律師資格認 can obtain (among other things) orders ，上訴法庭准許三名上訴人繼續上訴至終 許常委會年報 2017」)。這是一件好事。 for restoration and ancillary relief (s. 審法院。案件的背景詳列於2016年3月及 213(2)). - 施德偉及莊偉倫，RPC 2017年12月《業界透視》。 SFC v. Lee Kwok Wa & Ors arises out of civil proceedings. It is thought to be the first 上訴法庭指出上訴問題「具有重大廣泛的 case to test the parameters of s. 300. The REGULATORY AND 或關乎公眾的重要性」(《香港終審法院 judgment of the Court of Appeal granting 條例》第22(1)(b)條)，取決於《證券及期 COMPLIANCE permission to appeal to the CFA directed 貨條例》第300條「涉及證券……的交易 that the exact question for determination Section 300 of SFO – Appeal 中」的正確涵義(上文劃線部分)。 be reformulated but, in essence, the Headed to Top Court issue for determination is likely to turn 條例述明，任何人違反第300(1)條，即屬 on what is the conduct (the actus reus) Section 300(1) of the Securities and 犯罪，但我們得留意，這宗案件的法律程 caught by the meaning of the words “in a Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) 序是由於證監會使用《證券及期貨條例》 transaction involving securities”. “A person shall not, directly or indirectly, 第213條而引起的。「第213條」法律程 The final appeal is very important in a transaction involving securities, 序屬民事性質。讀者都會記得，終審法院 because s. 300 is not limited to futures contracts or leveraged foreign 就SFC v. Tiger Asia Management LLC & exchange trading - transactions involving listed securities in Hong Kong (unlike s. 291 of the Ordinance Ors, (2013) 16 HKCFAR 324作出了判 (a) employ any device, scheme or artifice – “Insider Dealing”). In this case, it is 決之後，證監會一直善用第213條，以(例 with intent to defraud or deceive; or alleged that the impugned transactions 如)在不用事先由刑事法庭或市場失當行 (b) engage in any act, practice or course involved securities listed on the Stock 為審裁處裁定當事人作出市場失當行為的 of business which is fraudulent or Exchange of Taiwan. deceptive, or would operate as a fraud or 情況下，得到法庭宣告當事人作出了違反 deception.”
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《證券及期貨條例》的相關條文的行為。 have been alive. This eventually found its way to the (then) House 第213條被稱為「第三條道路」，證監會 of Lords which gave judgement 可靠它取得(其中包括)回復原狀令及濟助( in Hill v. Chief Constable of West 第213(2)條)。 Yorkshire [1989] AC53 which SFC v. Lee Kwok Wa & Ors案是循民事 was construed as holding that the police had a general 法律程序產生的。它被認為是第一宗測試 immunity from suit in respect 第300條範圍的案件。上訴法庭批准上訴 of anything done by them in 至終審法院，判決書指示重新編定等待裁 the course of investigating 定的準確問題，不過基本上，等待裁定的 or preventing crime. In other 問題很可能取決於「涉及證券……的交易 words, they did not owe a 中」的涵義所包含的是甚麼行為(犯罪行 duty of care, in the absence of special circumstances, to protect 為)。 the public from harm through the 終審上訴非常重要，因為第300條不局限 (non)performance of their function of 於涉及香港上市證券的交易(不像《證券 investigating crime. 及期貨條例》第291條 – 「內幕交易」) There the matter rested until the 8th 。在這宗案件，受質疑的交易被指涉及在 February 2018 when the (now) Supreme care on the officers at the time effecting arrest. 臺灣證券交易所上市的證券。 Court of the UK gave judgement in Robinson v. Chief Constable of West However the Robinson decision did not 至今，關於第213條法律程序的事宜，香 Yorkshire Police. affect the decision in Hill as to the (lack of 港法庭已採納靈活並考慮立法目的的方 Mrs. Robinson, a lady of 76, walked past a) duty of care upon the police to properly 法，而一旦上訴失敗，任何人都會推想證 a man, who turned out to be a drug investigate crime, with the view to 監會將依靠更多使用第300條(透過以第 dealer, who was immediately tackled by preventing other people being injured (or 213條為依據的法律程序)。Tiger Asia案 two other men, who were police drug worse) by the perpetrator. To that extent Hill remains good law. 實在是一面里程碑。 squad officers. In the attempt to arrest the drug dealer Eleven days after the decision in - 莊偉倫及叶子彬，RPC Mrs. Robinson was knocked to the Robinson, the Supreme Court handed •編按：視乎最終上訴而定- FAMV 18/2018. ground. In consequence she was injured down its decision in Commissioner of and brought a claim for personal injuries. Police of the Metroplis v. DSD [2018] UK SC11. The Supreme Court held that Mrs. TORT Robinson’s case involved an application This case arose out of the activities of a of established principles of the law man, John Worboys, otherwise known as Supreme Court of negligence. They held that the the black cab rapist, who was eventually Inconsistency in Result decision in Hill was not authority for convicted of 19 counts of sexual assault, the proposition that the police enjoy a including rape, between 2003 and 2011. In the late 1970s and up to 1981 a series general immunity from suit in respect of DSD was one of the later victims. She of particularly unpleasant sex attacks and anything (not) done by them in the cause brought proceedings against the police, murders took place in Yorkshire England. of investigating or preventing crime. alleging failure to conduct effective A total of 13 women were killed and seven The effect of Hill was that the police investigations into Worboys (previous) others survived attack. did not owe a duty of care, in the crimes. She alleged that the failures Due to his mode of operation the attacker absence of special circumstances, to constituted a violation of her rights under became known as the Yorkshire Ripper. protect the public from harm through Article 3 of the European Convention on After a huge, although incompetent, man the performance of their function of Human Rights (‘ECHR’) which provides hunt the perpetrator, Peter Sutcliffe was investigating crime. However that no one shall be subject to torture or (re-)arrested by chance. did not prevent the police from being inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The last of the women to be murdered generally under a duty of care to avoid was a 20 year old student, Jacqueline causing personal injury where such a The case was defended as to the extent Hill. duty would arise according to ordinary to which there was a positive obligation principles of the law of negligence. on states (here represented by the police) Her mother brought an action against effectively to investigate reported crimes the police, alleging negligence, and said In the case of Mrs. Robinson there perpetrated by private individuals. At if they had performed as they should was a positive act by the police, not an both first instance and at the Court of have done then her daughter would omission, and as such there was a duty of Appeal it was held there was a positive
64 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
obligation to investigate and that in this 存活。她入稟法庭控告警方：Hill v. Chief 響Hill案的判決。就這方面而言，Hill案仍然 case the obligation had been breached, Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC53 是好的法律。 with compensation being awarded to 。案件最終在(當時的)上議院審理。上議 Robinson案的判決作出後11天，最高法 DSD. 院的判決被詮釋為，上議院裁定，就警方 院頒發其在Commissioner of Police of the An appeal was brought to the Supreme 在調查罪案或防止罪案發生的過程中所做 Metroplis v. DSD [2018] UK SC11的判 Court which was not successful. The 的任何事而言，警方享有免被起訴的一般 Supreme Court held that to be an 決。 豁免。換句話說，在情況並不特殊的情況 effective deterrent laws which prohibit 這宗案件源於男子John Worboys的所作所 下，他們對公眾並不負有謹慎責任，即沒 conduct (constituting a breach of Article 為，他被稱為「黑的士強姦犯」，最後被 3) must be rigorously enforced and 有責任(不)履行他們調查罪案的職能以保 裁定2003年至2011年間包括強姦罪在內 that serial failures to investigate will be 護公眾免受傷害。 sufficient to establish a claim. 的11項性侵犯罪罪名成立。 案件到這裏告一段落，一直到2018年2月 DSD是較後期的受害人之一。她指稱警方 Thus English law finds itself in the 8日(現時)英國最高法院(Supreme Court of 沒有有效地調查Worboys(過往的)罪行， position of having decided or confirmed, the UK)在Robinson v. Chief Constable of in the same month, that a police force’s 針對警方提出法律程序。她聲稱這個「 West Yorkshire Police案作出判決之後，才 serial failures to effectively investigate 沒有」構成違反《歐洲人權公約》賦予她 a stream of crimes, that proved to be 出現不一致的判決。 的權利，有關公約規定，任何人不得受到 committed by the same person, does not Robinson女士，年76歲，行經一名男子身 酷刑或其他不人道或有辱人格的待遇或懲 give rise to a duty of care, and therefore 旁時，那男子瞬間被另兩名男子攔截，那 not negligent, and yet does give rise to a 罰。 男子原來是毒販，而另兩名男子則是警方 violation of human rights. 答辯內容關乎國家(在這案警方是代表)有 的緝毒人員。 In Hong Kong, Hill appears to be 效地調查個人被舉報干犯的罪行時所負積 accepted as good law. The writer is 緝毒人員試圖拘捕毒販的時候，Robinson 極義務所達到的程度。原審庭和上訴庭都 not aware of any actions successfully 女士被人撞倒地上。她因此受傷，之後就 裁定有積極義務調查，在這案有義務被違 brought against the police for failure 人身傷害提出申索。 反。DSD獲判給補償。 to competently investigate. The extent to which, post 1997, the courts might 最高法院裁定，Robinson女士的案件涉 在最高法院提出的上訴以失敗告終。最高 be willing to adopt the reasoning in 及已確立的疏忽法的原則的應用。他們裁 法院裁定，有效禁止行為(構成違反第三條 Robinson is for the future. There is 定，Hill案的判決不是支持警方在調查罪案 的行為)的阻嚇性法例必須是嚴格執行的法 no direct equivalent in Hong Kong 或阻止罪案發生的過程中所(不)做的任何 例，申索因為警方接連未有調查而足以被 law to Article 3 of the ECHR although 事上享有免被起訴的一般豁免這觀點的判 analogous provisions might be used by 確立。 例。 lawyers in the future. 因此，英國法律發現自己在同一個月裡要 Hill案的影響是，在情況並不特殊的情況 去判定或確定，警方接連未有有效地調查 - Nicholas Millar, Solicitor 下，他們不負有謹慎責任，即沒有責任履 一連串有證據證明由同一人所犯的罪行， 行他們調查罪案的職能以保護公眾免受傷 侵權 但這不產生謹慎責任，因此警方不是疏 害。然而，警方不因這樣就一般不負有避 忽，但卻的確違反了人權。 免引致人身傷害的謹慎責任，這種責任會 最高法院不一致的判決 在香港，Hill案似乎被接納為好的法律。筆 按照疏忽法的一般原則產生。 上世紀70年代末至1981年，英國約克郡 者並不知悉任何針對警方未有妥善調查而 在Robinson女士的案件中，警方所作的是 發生了一連串駭人聽聞的性侵和謀殺案。 獲判勝訴的訴訟。1997年之後，法庭在 主動的作為，不是不作為，由此看來，在 一共13名女子被殺，另有7名被性侵後死 多大程度上可能願意採用Robinson案的論 追捕疑犯時，警員是負有謹慎責任的。 裡逃生。 據是將來的問題。儘管律師將來可用類似 但說到警方恰當地調查案件時所負有(欠 的條文，但香港法例沒有任何一條是與《 由於手法殘暴，該名施襲者被稱為「約克 缺)阻止其他人被行兇者傷害(或更差的對 歐洲人權公約》第三條直接相等的。 郡屠夫」。雖然進行過大規模搜捕亦未能 待)的謹慎責任，Robinson案的判決沒有影 將他緝捕歸案，但天網恢恢，在一次偶然 - Nicholas Millar 律師 機會下，行兇者Peter Sutcliffe終於(再次) Feel free to write in to us with more short contributions on latest industry developments and 被捕。 trends. Simply contact the editor at: [email protected] 最後一名被殺女子是Jacqueline Hill，一名 本刊歡迎各位提交短篇文章，廣大讀者分享業界的最新發展和動態。請與本刊編輯聯絡。 20歲學生。 電郵：[email protected] 她母親聲稱警方疏忽，認為如果警方當 The information provided here is intended to give general information only. It is not a complete statement of the law. It is not intended to be relied upon or to be a substitute for legal advice in relation to particular circumstances. 時做了他們本應做的事，她的女兒就會 本欄所提供的資訊僅屬一般資訊，並不構成相關法律的完整陳述，亦不應被依賴為任何個案中的 法律意見或被視作取代法律意見。 www.hk-lawyer.org 65 Presented by: MS Office 365 Onboarding Service Specialist
Between the Cloud and the Pool with Microsoft Office 365
As possibly one of the first law firms in Hong Kong to make the WHY WE MADE THE MOVE move to Microsoft Office 365, a cloud-based service, for legal While we discovered many unforeseen benefits after switching document management, I’m happy to share our experiences to Office 365 (to be discussed later), I was initially compelled to with my fellow practitioners. For those considering this move, I consider it for the following reasons. hope to make the case that the benefits are worthwhile. Mobility After about eight months in the proverbial cloud, I must say that The sheer frustration of accessing documents remotely was the our firm (comprising of 8 lawyers and some 12 supporting staff) primary driving force. I am a lawyer who travels frequently is happy with the technological leap forward. Reverting to our to attend client matters, and remote access to law firm file old ways now seems unthinkable. information is vital. However, outside of the office, using a BEFORE OFFICE 365 VPN/cloud-NAS to access documents stored on a file server Prior to Office 365, we resembled many other law firms in Hong is typically slow and clumsy. Online editing is generally Kong. We were using a somewhat dated version of Microsoft unavailable, with documents needing to be downloaded, edited, Office, with which we were reluctant to spend the efforton and then uploaded again. With Office 365, I can access and edit upgrading. Our email service was hosted by our domain documents from anywhere using my laptop, iPad, web browser, registrar, and everyone in the office was using Microsoft Outlook or simply my mobile phone. on their PCs for email and contacts management (mostly client Access for external consultant-lawyer information such as office addresses, phone numbers, and email Some solicitors practise on a self-employed consultancy basis. addresses), resulting in multiple copies of individual pieces of They focus on introducing client business to the law firm but information residing in decentralised PCs. As a result, in addition are generally not required to work full-time on legal-technical to the great deal of duplicated information, there was also a lot of matters. However, they still need to be appraised of the matter unnecessary effort involved. progress. Therefore, occasional unfettered access to the matter Our firm’s case documents lived in a file server connected to a files is essential for maintaining business relationships with Network Attached Server (NAS). We diligently managed daily clients. With Office 365, I can provide them with controlled off- data backups and maintained the IT infrastructure ourselves. site access to the files they need, without a lot of emailing back Fortunately, we managed to avoid disaster including fire, flood, and forth. and ransomware attack. For more information, please visit www.bornsolutions.com
66 www.hk-lawyer.org Presented by: MS Office 365 Onboarding Service Specialist
Flexibility 8) Training sessions for users and the administrator Travel to the office during regular peak hours is a pain. If there Tasks 1 through 4 were relatively clear-cut given the specialist is an option to work from home-office then my time will be experience of the OSS, with an affordable one-time service fee better spent. For my part, I work on a home-office basis, and take chargeable on a per user basis. For task 1, we opted for the breaks when desired. Occasionally, I like to take an afternoon nap Office 365 Business Premium package. Post completion, we also (which is not feasible as a matter of office etiquette!) or use the subscribed to a managed services support package, provided by clubhouse pool in-between virtual meetings. I can now handle the OSS, which adds HK$38 per month to the base license fee the same caseload with a more relaxed mind and a healthier per user. With it, we receive unlimited support over the phone body. or through instant messaging, and off-site assistance via remote If I need to meet a client in the office, I can travel during non-peak access. hours – which is an absolute pleasure. In any case, most clients We paid the OSS for their work on tasks 5 through 7, principally try to avoid physical meetings these days if possible, preferring according to the volume of data and setup involved. With our to use electronic means such as email or video conferencing. specific requirements, it came to under HK$90K, and training Microsoft’s Skype For Business – part of the Office 365 suite – was complimentary. offers superior video and audio quality, as well as more business Overall, the fees are reasonable for a project of this size, the features than the free Skype Personal version. transition was smooth and on schedule, and the OSS remains HOW WE MADE THE MOVE helpful in responding promptly to our post-completion requests Our move to Office 365 was quick and painless. As a subscription- for assistance. based Software as a Service (SaaS), we could have signed up WHAT WE ENDED UP WITH and begun using it within minutes. However, there were some The main components of Office 365 are: system configuration, setup, and migration factors, for which we Exchange Online – For email, contacts, and calendars used the help of a Microsoft-accredited Office 365 Onboarding accessed from Outlook on a PC or Mac, and Outlook Service Specialist (“OSS”) with experience in SharePoint – the WHAT WE ENDED UP WITH Web using a browser or from any mobile device. component of Office 365 that is the document management Skype for Business – Instant messaging, voice and Theplatform. main components of Office 365 are: video calling, online meetings, etc. From inception to completion, with the assistance of the OSS, we SharePoint Online – Collaboration sites for document went throughExchange the following Online tasks in – 3 months:For email, contacts, and calendarsand information accessed storage, from as well Outlook as sharing inon one a PC or Mac, and Outlook ✓ 1) OfficeWeb 365 subscription using a planbrowser selection. or from any mobile device.centralised location. OneDrive for Business – Private document storage for 2) GeneralSkype configuration for Business of the – OfficeInstant 365 messaging, tenant, including voice and video calling, online meeIngs, etc. ✓ each user and sharing with others on permission basis. domainSharePoint setup. Online – CollaboraIon sites for document Office Apps and – That informaIon run on a PC or Mac,storage, as well as mo well- as sharing in one ✓ 3) Setup forcentralised each user account locaIon. covering partners, consultants, bile versions for tablets and phones. A browser-based trainees, and support staff. version of each Office application can be used to access OneDrive for Business – Private document storage for each user and sharing with others on permission basis. 4) Email✓ and contacts information migration (from the desktop and edit documents from any browser. Office Apps – That run on a PC or Mac, as well as mobile versions for tablets and phones. A browser-based MS✓ Outlook to Office 365 Mail) and cutover management. We set up SharePoint to act as our legal document management 5) SharePointversion design, ofconfiguration, each Office and applicaIondevelopment. can besystem, used butto access we also and set up edit sites documents to contain the from rest of any our browser. 6) Legacy data – extract, transform, load (ETL). documents, using a simple site structure resembling the following: We7) Document set up migration SharePoint from our to NAS act to Office as our 365. legal document management system, but we also set up sites to contain the rest of our documents, using a simple site structure resembling the following: Legal Portal
Case Precedents Finance Admin HR Partners " Centre Legal Portal For more information, please visit www.bornsolutions.com This is a landing page that is used for firm-wide announcements, news, interesIng links, etc. Case Centre Special aWenIon was paid to the setup of the Case Centre to enable us towww.hk-lawyer.org register client 67 and case informaIon on the site. It also allows us to access file-related case documents in a familiar client/case folder structure. These registers are now the single source of truth for client and case details. We can now quickly find cases using a keyword search (client, case type, etc.) and navigate directly from there to any case folder. From a management point of view, the partners can quickly find the business porIon by pracIce areas (liIgaIon, commercial, etc.) or by lawyers for a defined Ime period. Precedents On the Precedents page, we set up a document library for each of the lawyers and trainees, where they could individually manage their own precedent documents. Read-only permission in each library for other team members was also set up. Making great use of Microso< Azure, authorised users can now search and view those precedents on screen, but are not permiWed to print, download, or forward them unless given dedicated permission from the owner. Other Other pages, such as Finance, Admin, HR and Partners were set up for departments with access restricted to those responsible for their content. Any documents created on or uploaded to these sites are only accessible by those with specific access to the pages.
HOW WE BENEFITED Here are just some of the features of Office 365 that provided significant benefits and producIvity gains – in some cases unforeseen. Finding things, fast At Imes, searching for a relevant case or legal precedent documents on our tradiIonal NAS was cumbersome. It typically involved navigaIng a folder structure that someone else had devised, while visually scanning unnecessarily long file names. It was o Legal Portal and review documents that reside in our file repository; instead This is a landing page that is used for firm-wide announcements, of constantly emailing back and forth, for example those bulky news, interesting links, etc. Bundles of Agreed Documents. I can also give them permission to edit the document, with automatic versioning to help me track Case Centre changes. I can even place a time limit on when their access to the Special attention was paid to the setup of the Case Centre to document automatically expires. Furthermore, with documents enable us to register client and case information on the site. It stored in Office 365, co-authoring in MS Word enables us to work also allows us to access file-related case documents in a familiar on a document together, at any time, without interfering with client/case folder structure. These registers are now the single each other’s changes. source of truth for client and case details. We can now quickly find Online and offline access cases using a keyword search (client, case type, etc.) and navigate Sometimes I’m not anywhere near my computer but need access directly from there to any case folder. From a management point to a document – I might even need to revise it. With Office 365, I of view, the partners can quickly find the business portion by can do so from any browser and at any time, such as during an practice areas (litigation, commercial, etc.) or by lawyers for a ad hoc client meeting at Starbucks Café when I don’t have my defined time period. laptop. Precedents Conversely, there are times when I want access to specific client On the Precedents page, we set up a document library for each of files while I am travelling but not connected to the internet. It the lawyers and trainees, where they could individually manage happened to me with an urgent client matter while holidaying their own precedent documents. Read-only permission in each on the Cote d’Azur, where in France, as opposed to the United library for other team members was also set up. Making great States, they apparently ban online office work at the beach! With use of Microsoft Azure, authorised users can now search and Office 365, I can simply select the folders I want to have access to view those precedents on screen, but are not permitted to print, while offline, and the contents is then synced to the hard drive download, or forward them unless given dedicated permission of my laptop. With or without an internet connection I can work from the owner. on the documents, and whenever I am online again, the changes will be automatically synced to Office 365. Other File versioning Other pages, such as Finance, Admin, HR and Partners were set With Office 365, each time a team member edits a document, the up for departments with access restricted to those responsible for previous version of the document is saved and a new version their content. Any documents created on or uploaded to these number is generated. We can now see any document’s editing sites are only accessible by those with specific access to the pages. history, including all changes that have been made, by whom, HOW WE BENEFITED and when. If an unwanted change is made, any previous version Here are just some of the features of Office 365 that provided of the document can be viewed and restored. If a document significant benefits and productivity gains – in some cases becomes corrupted, there’s no need to revert to a backup unforeseen. somewhere – I can simply restore the last good version. Finding things, fast Backups At times, searching for a relevant case or legal precedent Below are a number of factors that reduce the need for us to documents on our traditional NAS was cumbersome. It typically make our own backups of the files: involved navigating a folder structure that someone else had 1) All deleted files are placed in the site recycle bin where they devised, while visually scanning unnecessarily long file names. remain recoverable for 90 days, after which they are moved It was often required that you actually open and view the to a second-stage recycle bin where they are recoverable for documents to confirm if you had the right file. an additional 90 days by the site administrator. Now, with information and documents stored in SharePoint, we 2) Microsoft performs a full backup of our data every 12 hours, are able to enter a few words into a search box, and the search, along with an incremental backup every 5 minutes. These which encompasses the entire site collection (client matters, backups are kept for 14 days. In the event of serious data precedents, finance, etc.), looks at document names, keyword loss, I can make a service request for Microsoft to restore the tags, as well as within the documents themselves. In milliseconds, entire previous state of Office 365 within a chosen five-minute Google-like search results are listed in order of relevance. timeframe. 3) Our data stored in Microsoft’s datacentre is a protected SQL Secure file sharing and collaboration Server (database) replication, and further copies through Previously, email attachments were the only way we could peer replication between datacentres. share and collaborate on a document. With Office 365, I can now invite an external party, such as an outside counsel, to access For more information, please visit www.bornsolutions.com 68 www.hk-lawyer.org Presented by: MS Office 365 Onboarding Service Specialist IN CONCLUSION AND THE WAY FORWARD Our move to Office 365 has had a positive impact on our firm in general, and on myself in particular. I am no longer worried about the state of our hardware, backups, or software upgrades. While our files are securely accessible from anywhere, they are safe from ransomware attack or any other disaster. When it comes to combating computer malware, I don’t think any lawyer or IT service provider in town can do a better job than Microsoft. Norton/ Kaspersky internet security software is now history for my firm. Initially, we were apprehensive about moving to the cloud. But after careful analysis of the risks, the chief concern was how our team would adapt to the new Saving in fees system. After a short parallel run in the initial phase – to iron out While there are many different Office 365 packages to choose typical user inertia towards change – everyone now continues from, the most commonly chosen is the one with a base price of to create and manage documents using familiar tools and has just HK$97 per user per month. The number of subscriptions, been provided with more flexibility in how and where to work. as well as the choice of package, can be adjusted according to Not to mention that the several typhoons last year did nothing to the manpower requirements of the firm. During the summer, interrupt my firm’s business operations. we have an influx of interns, so we increase the subscription I could have continued as I always had, but technology and volume. When summer is over, we simply reduce it and pay people are changing, and I wanted to move with the times. In lesser fees. Gone are the days of purchasing a perpetual licence any case, the younger, always-connected workforce – who have for Microsoft Office Professional at roughly HK$3,000 per user, grown up with smartphones, social media, and search engines – with additional fees payable upon upgrade. expect to have anywhere anytime access to the latest information. I want to acquire and retain these bright young people on my RISK MANAGEMENT staff and enable them to do their best for the firm. All practitioners are aware of our general duty to keep client matter information confidential and not to divulge information Looking forward, making use of Office 365, I want to implement to third-parties, unless it is with the client’s consent. a flexi-office or home-office mode of work for the lawfirmto the fullest extent possible. Ideally every team member will, by One way to maintain the integrity of the data stored on the default, work from home, with the physical office serving the cloud is to encrypt the electronic data files prior to them being prime purpose of a being a meeting place with client. Hopefully, transmitted to the Office 365 platform. SharePoint and OneDrive this will save rental costs by reducing redundant office space. It’s engage SSL/TLS connections over the internet with 2048-bit keys. not even that much of a remote possibility. If TaoBao can empty For data at rest, both disk-level and file-level encryption is used. the previously bustling streets of shoppers in mainland China, BitLocker is used to encrypt all data on disk (e.g. database files) then Office 365 could be instrumental in lowering law firms’ while each file (or file chunk with large files) is encrypted using demands for office space. its own encryption key. Both types of encryption use encryption keys that are stored in physical locations separate from the data. Overall Office 365 has offered my firm higher productivity and And both use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with 256- staff retention capability, which in return has reduced cost and bit keys, which is US Federal Information Processing Standard increased revenue. For my part, I thoroughly enjoy working (FIPS) 140-2 compliant. Theoretically, it will take an unauthorised between the cloud and the swimming pool. But wife stands to person hundreds of years to decrypt such files, even if they made benefit the most, now that I can spend more time at home with use of the most powerful computers and algorithms available. her. From a best practice point of view, it is desirable to include a statement in a law firm’s retainer letter, making clients aware of By Andrew Law, Robinsons, Lawyers your law firm’s use of third-party cloud storage. For more information, please visit www.bornsolutions.com The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of either the Law Society Editorial Board or the Editorial Team of Hong Kong Lawyer. www.hk-lawyer.org 69 • May 2018 CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要 ADMIRALTY of a condition requiring payment into 海事法 court were those set out in Schenker Noor Maritime Ltd v. Calandra Shipping International (HK) Ltd v. Natural Dairy Noor Maritime Ltd v. Calandra Co Ltd [2018] HKEC 685 (NZ) Holdings Ltd [2014] 1 HKLRD 274 Shipping Co Ltd [2018] HKEC 685 Court of First Instance applied). (See para. 21.) 原訟法庭 Admiralty Action No 84 of 2017 • Applying those guidelines, the 高院海事訴訟案2017年第84號 Queeny Au-Yeung J in Chambers imposition of the condition was 高等法院原訟法庭法官歐陽桂如內 31 January, 19 March 2018 disproportionate to a single breach. 庭聆訊 It had the effect of preventing a just resolution of the dispute in 2018年1月31日、3月19日 Civil procedure — admiralty accordance with the substantive proceedings — application rights of the parties. (See para. 44.) 民事訴訟程序 — 海事訴訟 — 引 of guidelines for imposing • Since P was being given more time, 用適用於施加條件要求將款項繳 condition requiring payment it should bear the costs of the appeal 存法院的指引 — 訟費 into court — costs summarily assessed and allowed at HKD100,000. (See paras. 55–56.) 原告人的船隻The Rainbow在與被告人的 P’s vessel, The Rainbow, sank with cargo 船隻The Rainbow相撞後沉沒，船上的貨 Appeal fuel and effects on board but no loss of 物、燃料及財物一併掉入海中，不過沒有 life after colliding with D’s vessel, The This was an appeal by the plaintiff 造成人命損失。The Calandra裝的是壓艙 Calandra, which was on a ballast voyage against an order by a Master requiring and was damaged but later repaired. a payment into court as a condition 物，與The Rainbow相撞後損毀，不過其 One of the resulting sets of proceedings of granting an extension of time for 後進行修理。事件導致多宗案件出現，其 was an action in which P claimed in filing a defence to a cross-claim by the 中一宗是原告人提出的對人訴訟，針對被 personam against D which cross-claimed defendant. The facts are set out in the 告人申索損害賠償，而被告人則作出以 against it in personam. The Master judgment. 人為對象的交相申索。聆案官命令原告人 ordered that P file a defence to the cross-claim by a certain date, failing which it would be barred from doing so. After that date, P issued a summons for an extension of time to file a defence to the cross-claim. Such an extension was granted, but the Master granted it on the condition that P paid USD700,000 into court. P appealed to a judge in chambers against the imposition of the condition. Held, allowing the appeal to set aside the condition and ordering that P be barred from filing a defence to the cross- claim unless it did so by 4 pm on 16 April 2018 and that P bear the costs of the appeal, that: • The guidelines as to the imposition 70 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要 在某個日期之前提交交相申索答辯書，原 in person — principles — (b) If a litigant in person was 告人不這樣做就會被禁止這樣做。原告人 whether overall costs of appeal unemployed or did work relating 在該日期之後發出傳票，要求延展提交 sought disproportionate — if so, to the litigation in his spare time, CASES IN BRIEF he suffered no pecuniary loss 交相申索答辯書的期限。延展期限的要求 whether each item necessary and was not entitled to costs 獲批，不過聆案官施加條件，要求原告人 and its cost reasonable — Rules under the indemnity principle at 將700,000美元繳存法院。原告人針對條 of the High Court (Cap. 4A, Sub. common law. However, under O. 案 例 撮 要 件的施加提出上訴，由法官在內庭進行聆 Leg.) O. 62 r. 28A — Practice 62 r. 28A(3), he might be allowed 訊。 Direction 14.3 paras. 13–14 costs not exceeding $200 per hour based on the time a solicitor would 裁決 –判上訴得直，取消條件，施加除 The Court of Appeal dismissed P’s have taken to do such work. 非命令，規定原告人在2018年4月16日 appeal and ordered her to pay D1–2’s (c) If a litigant in person was 下午4時正前提交相交申索答辯書，否則 costs of the appeal. Ds claimed costs of $277,817, which P disputed and unemployed but claimed to 會被禁止這樣做；並且命令由原告人承擔 suggested $1,973 instead. The Court have suffered pecuniary loss, 上訴訟費： made a summary assessment of the he would need to prove his claim by affirmation, including • 關於施加條件要求將款項繳存法院的 costs on paper. providing proof of his academic 指引，就是那些在Schenker案列出的 Held, assessing Ds’ costs of the appeal qualifications, working experience, 指引(引用Schenker International (HK) at $38,482, that: loss of income etc. (See para. 4.) Ltd v. Natural Dairy (NZ) Holdings Ltd • As Ds were unrepresented, O. 62 r. • Pursuant to paras. 13–14 of Practice [2014] 1 HKLRD 274)。(見第21段) 28A of the Rules of the High Court Direction 14.3, the Court would adopt (Cap. 4A, Sub.Leg.) (‘RHC’) applied • 引用那些指引，條件的施加與單次的 a broad-brush approach to summary and the relevant principles were assessment and ensure that costs 違反並不相稱。施加條件妨礙按照 that (Fok Siu Wing v. ICAC (unrep., were not disproportionate and/ 訴訟各方的實質權利，公平地解決爭 CACV 341/2005, [2006] HKEC 746) or unreasonable given the nature 議。(見第44段) applied): and circumstances of the case and • 原告人由於有更充裕時間，所以應 (a) If a litigant in person who was proceedings and the underlying 承擔上訴訟費。法庭批准上訴訟費 gainfully employed needed to objectives in O. 1A of the RHC. do work relating to the litigation The court would assess costs on a 100,000港元，訟費是以簡易評估方 during his working hours, the global approach and an item-by- 式評定的。(見第55–56段) maximum costs allowed was two item approach. If the costs as a 上訴 thirds of the sum which would have whole were not disproportionate, been allowed if a solicitor had done the court would accept all those 這是一宗上訴案。被告人向原告人提出交 that work. items that were reasonably incurred 相申索。聆案官命令原告人將款項繳存法 and allow a reasonable sum. If the 院，以作為延展提交交相申索抗辯書期限 的條件。原告人針對聆案官的命令，提出 上訴。案情已在判決書詳細列出。 CIVIL PROCEDURE Cheuk Shu Yin v. Law Yeuk Kan (No 2) [2017] HKEC 2890 Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No 17 of 2013 Lam V-P, Cheung and Chu JJA 8 August 2017 Civil procedure — costs — summary assessment — litigant www.hk-lawyer.org 71 • May 2018 costs as a whole appeared to be paras. 6–17.) 高訟費為一般事務律師就該項工 disproportionate, then the court Assessment of costs 作所獲批費用的三分之二。 must be satisfied that each item of (b) 如果無律師代表的訴訟人是沒有 work was necessary and its cost was This was a summary assessment of the 工作的、或可於工餘時間處理與 reasonable (Poon Shu Fan v. Wong defendants’ costs following the dismissal Tin Yan [2012] 5 HKLRD 512 applied). of the plaintiff’s appeal in a probate 訴訟有關的事情的，他其實沒有 (See para. 5.) action. The facts are set out in the 實質蒙受金錢上的損失，在普 judgment. • Here, the issues in the appeal were 通法的訟費補償原則(indemnity not complicated. Ds’ overall costs principle)下不可以獲得訟費，但基 were disproportionate and were 民事訴訟程序 於第62號命令第28A(3)條規則的 assessed at $38,482. Inter alia: Cheuk Shu Yin v. Law Yeuk Kan (No 2) 規定，他可獲得不可多於以每小 (a) Ds’ costs of preparing for the [2017] HKEC 2890 時$200元計算的訟費，而所准許 appeal were allowed at the rate of 上訴法庭 的時數是一位律師就該項目需要 $100 per hour as sought. 民事上訊案件2013年第17號 用上的時間。 (b) Ds’ claim for photocopy charges of 上訴法庭副庭長林文瀚 $2,835 was excessive and allowed (c) 如果無律師代表的訴訟人沒有工 at only $1,200 as submissions and 上訴法庭法官張澤祐 作但聲稱蒙受金錢上的損失， attachments of not more than 上訴法庭法官朱芬齡 他需以誓章證明他的聲稱屬實， 300 pages must be submitted in 2017年8月8日 包括證明他的學歷資格、工作履 quadruplicate (300 pages x 4 sets 歷、收入的損失等。(見第4段) x $1). 民事訴訟程序 — 訟費 — 循簡易 • 根據《實務指示14.3》第13–14段， (c) The claim for attendance on Ds of 程序評定訟費 — 並無律師代表 100 hours was plainly excessive. 法庭在循簡易程序評定訟費時，只會 Ds were father and daughter and it 的訴訟人 — 原則 — 要求的上 作出粗略的評估，並考慮案件及法律 was unnecessary and unreasonable 訴訟費總額是否不相稱 — 要是 程序的性質和情況，以及《高等法院 for them to have spent 100 這樣，是否每項費用都是必要的 規則》第1A號命令所述的基本目標 hours communicating about the 後，盡量確保判給的訟費款額並非不 appeal. Given that it spanned over 及其金額是合理的 — 《高等法 相稱及∕或不合理。法庭會從整體訟 three years, 40 hours would be 院規則》(第4A章，附屬法例)第 費的總額及個別項目的兩個角度進行 reasonable and thus the amount 62號命令第28A條規則 — 《實 評估。若然整體而言訟費的總額並非 was $4,000. As for attendance on 務指示14.3》第13–14段 P based on the correspondence 不相稱，則法庭會接納所有合理地產 between the parties, three hours 上訴法庭駁回原告人的上訴，命令她支付 生的訟費項目並批予合理金額。若然 and so $300 was reasonable. 被告人1–2的上訴訟費。兩名被告人申索 整體而言訟費金額看來不相稱，則法 (d) Ds’ claim for attendance on their 訟費$277,817，原告人反對，建議應為 庭必須信納訟費的項目是必要的及其 solicitors totalling 73 hours at $1,973。法庭根據文件循簡易程序評定 金額是合理的(引用Poon Shu Fan v. $146,000 was disallowed, as no 訟費。 Wong Tin Yan [2012] 5 HKLRD 512) Notice to Act had ever been filed by Ds or their solicitors; and only 裁決 – 兩名被告人的上訴訟費被評定為 。(見第5段) 10 hours of Ds’ time for consulting $38,482： • 本上訴的議題並不複雜。兩名被告人 their lawyers was allowed at $100 的訟費總額並不相稱，法庭評定訟費 • 由於兩名被告人無律師代表，《高 per hour, amounting to $1,000. 總額為$38,482。其中包括： 等法院規則》(第4A章，附屬法例) (e) Ds’ claim for $59,200 for 592 (a) 兩名被告人做上訴的準備所涉費 hours for the preparation and 第62號命令第28A條規則的規定適 perusal of documents and 用，相關原則如下(引用霍兆榮對廉 用獲批，每小時收費為所要求的 preparation for the hearing was 政公署(未經彙編，CACV 341/2005 $100。 manifestly excessive and was ，[2006] HKEC 746)案)： (b) 兩名被告人申索的$2,835影印費 reduced to $25,000. (a) 有工作收入的無律師代表的訴訟 是過高；由於他們必要提交的陳 (f) Ds’ bare claim for $57,400 for 人，如果需要在他工作時間內辦理 詞及附件並不超過300頁，以一 travel expenses was excessive and 式四套計算，准予的影印費只有 only $5,000 was allowed. (See 與訴訟有關的事情，他可獲得的最 $1,200(300頁x 4套x $1)。 72 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要 (c) 兩名被告人要求100小時的聯絡 The issue at trial was the Applicant’s submissions from Counsel at the 費用是明顯過高。他們是父女關 knowledge that she was carrying conclusion of the summing up, no 係，兩人之間要用上100小時就上 dangerous drugs at the time of her submissions were advanced in respect of 訴事宜進行聯絡，顯然沒有必要 interception and arrest. In a cautioned these directions. video recorded interview admitted into 亦不合理。有鑑於本上訴進行了3 Held, allowing the appeal, that: evidence at trial, the Applicant had said 年多的時間，合理的時數是40小 that she was suspicious that she might • The Judge’s direction elided the 時，金額因此是$4,000。至於與 be carrying dangerous drugs but that she difference between the two mental 原告人聯絡的費用，基於訴訟雙 did not know that she had been carrying states of suspicion and knowledge 方有書信往來， 3小時合共$300 dangerous drugs. In evidence at trial the and led to the possibility that the 是合理的。 Applicant had said that any incriminating jury might have proceeded on the admissions were not true and were the impermissible line of reasoning that (d) 兩名被告人申索與律師聯絡的費 result of “extensive coaching by the proof of either mental state was 用為73小時合共$146,000，但 police”. sufficient to prove the Applicant’s guilt. 法庭不批准，因為兩名被告人或 • Although Counsel for the Applicant When summing up and directing the jury 他們的律師一直沒有向法庭存檔 at trial had said in his closing speech on the question of knowledge, the Judge 「律師代表通知書」；法庭只准 that “suspicion is not enough”, a jury said that: 予兩名被告人諮詢律師所用的時 takes its directions from the Judge “…the defendant made what amounts to 間，時數是10小時，以每小時 and correct references to the law by admission that she did know or suspected counsel for either party do not cure the $100計算，金額是$1,000。 what she was transporting was dangerous Judge’s omission. (e) 兩名被告人申索準備文件、閱讀 drug, there were also many denials by • The Judge had been required to her that she knew what was in the white 文件及為聆訊做準備所花的592小 give a simple direction that proof of plastic bag.” [Italics added.] 時合共$59,200的費用，法庭認為 suspicion only in the Applicant that 明顯過高，將金額減至$25,000。 The Judge had also said that in the “later she was carrying dangerous drugs (f) 兩名被告人申索$57,400交通費， part of the interview [the Applicant] was insufficient to prove knowledge of made admissions which indicate that possession of dangerous drugs. 但沒有交待詳情；法庭認為明 she did know what she was carrying“. (It 顯過高，只准予$5,000。(見第 • The failure to do so amounted to a was conceded by the Prosecution at the material misdirection by omission. A 6–17段) appeal that there was no evidence that re-trial was ordered. 訟費評定 the Applicant admitted that she knew that she was carrying dangerous drugs). Morley Chow Seto 這是一宗循簡易程序評定兩名被告人的訟 Although the Judge invited any 費的案件，於原告人在遺囑認證訴訟的上 訴被駁回後展開。案情已在判決書詳細列 出。 CRIMINAL LAW HKSAR v. Wiwik Lestari [2018] HKCA 166 Court of Appeal Criminal Appeal No. 227 of 2016 Hon Lunn VP, Macrae and Pang JJA 27 March 2018 Dangerous drugs – trafficking - knowledge The Applicant was convicted after trial of trafficking in 572 grammes of cocaine. www.hk-lawyer.org 73 • May 2018 刑事法 狀態的證明都足以證明申請人有罪。 of their duty in a criminal appeal to settle • 儘管申請人的大律師在原審時已在他 grounds which are properly arguable. It HKSAR v. Wiwik Lestari 的結案陳詞表示「懷疑並不足夠」 is not the function of Counsel to settle as many grounds of appeal as can be [2018] HKCA 166 ，但陪審團所得的指示是法官給他們 thought of regardless of whether they 上訴法庭 的，而任何一方大律師對法律的正確 are realistically and properly arguable, 刑事上訴案件2016年第227號 提述也補救不了法官的遺漏。 as though the number of grounds is 上訴法庭副庭長倫明高 • 法官必須給予一個簡單的指示，那就 some sort of indicator of their ability 上訴法庭法官麥機智 是，只是證明申請人懷疑自己當時携 or industry. Such a practice may lead 上訴法庭法官彭偉昌 帶著危險藥物，不足以證明她知道自 Counsel to “lose sight of the wood for 2018年3月27日 the trees” and obscure what might 己管有危險藥物。 otherwise be a good ground of appeal, as • 不這樣做等同於因為遺漏而造成嚴重 危險藥物 – 販運 – 知道 happened in this case. 錯誤的指示。法庭下令重審。 The one ground of appeal on which the 經審訊後，申請人被裁定販運危險藥物， appeal was allowed lay undiscovered 麥樂賢周綽瑩司徒悅律師行 即572克可卡因，罪名成立。原審時的爭 until the argument was well underway 議點是，當申請人被截停及拘捕的時候， before the Court. Appeal Counsel are 她是知道自己携帶著危險藥物的。申請人 experts in their field and are expected 在警誡錄影會面表示，當時她懷疑自己有 CRIMINAL PRACTICE AND to bring professionalism, realism and 可能是携帶著危險藥物，但亦表示當時並 PROCEDURE common sense to the performance of their duty. 不知道自己一直携帶著危險藥物；會面 HKSAR v. Wiwik Lestari 紀錄獲接納為呈堂證據。申請人在原審 In Tse Hin Yeung, the Court of Appeal [2018] HKCA 166 again expressed its concern about a 時作供稱，任何可導致入罪的供認都不是 Court of Appeal prevailing culture amongst certain 真的，全是「警員廣泛教導」(extensive Criminal Appeal No. 227 of 2016 appeal counsel of averring that there was coaching by the police)的結果。 Hon Lunn VP, Macrae and Pang JJA an unfair and unbalanced summingup 法官作總結詞並就「知道」的問題指 27 March 2018 almost as a matter of routine in any set 示陪審團的時候表示： of grounds of appeal against conviction, AND regardless of its merits. The Court 「……被告人所作出的相當於承認她 considered that is it perhaps time that 確實知道或懷疑自己當時所運送的是 HKSAR v. Tse Hin Yeung the procedure of applying for leave 危險藥物，她也多次否認自己知道白 [2018] HKCA 196 to appeal before a Single Judge is 色膠袋盛著的是甚麼東西。」[斜體後 Court of Appeal extended to all appeals, and not simply those where the sentence is 7 years’ 加以示強調。] Criminal Appeal No. 185 of 2017 imprisonment or less. 法官亦表示過，「在會面較後部分，[ Hon Lunn VP, Macrae and Pang JJA Morley Chow Seto 申請人]作出承認，表示她確實知道自 29th March 2018 己當時所帶的是甚麼東西」。(在申請 人上訊時，控方承認並無證據證明申 Appeal grounds – appeal 刑事訴訟及程序 請人承認自己知道當時所帶的是危險 procedure 上訴的常規 藥物)。 In Wiwik Lestari, Counsel for the HKSAR v. Wiwik Lestari 儘管在結束總結詞時，法官邀請大律 Applicant had advanced 10 grounds [2018] HKCA 166 師提出任何意見，但大律師沒有就這 of appeal. The Court had not found it 上訴法庭 些指示提交意見。 necessary to invite the Prosecution to reply to any of the arguments advanced 刑事上訴案件2016年第227號 裁決 –判上訴得直： in grounds 1 to 9, as for reasons set out, 上訴法庭副庭長倫明高 • 法官的指示省略了懷疑和知道兩種精 none had any merit. The Court had been 上訴法庭法官麥機智 burdened with 4 box files of authorities in 神狀態的分別，以致陪審團有可能循 上訴法庭法官彭偉昌 support of meritless grounds of appeal. 不當的思維方向，推論任何一種精神 2018年3月27日 The Court of Appeal reminded Counsel 74 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要 及 • Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 6A of the FAMILY LAW Matrimonial Proceedings and HKSAR v. Tse Hin Yeung Property Ordinance (Cap. 192) Lit Wing Yee v. Tang Cheuk Lun empower the Family Court to award [2018] HKCA 196 [2017] HKEC 2887 ancillary relief on a relevant petition, 上訴法庭 Court of First Instance but not to order one party to the 刑事上訴案件2017年第185號 High Court Action No 850 of 2016 marriage to discharge to the other 上訴法庭副庭長倫明高 Louis Chan J in Chambers party liabilities in contract, tort or an unrelated trust. (See paras. 20, 27, 上訴法庭法官麥機智 21 February, 16 March 2017 35.) 上訴法庭法官彭偉昌 • Similarly, the Family Court had no 2018年3月29日 Civil procedure — stay — action power to order a third party to transfer for recovery of debt from spouse back assets to a party to the marriage who owned the beneficial interest 上訴理由 – 上訴程序 — wrong in principle to stay action pending determination therein or to order the third party to discharge liabilities in contract, tort 在Wiwik Lestari案，申請人的大律師提出 of ancillary relief proceedings 10個上訴理由。法庭認為在理由1至9提 or a trust outside ancillary relief. (See Family law — divorce — paras. 33–34.) 出的論點全無理據可言，基於判決理由書 ancillary relief — Family Court 所列各點，不認為有必要要求控方回答任 • Thus, even if P sought and had no power to order one obtained a determination in the ancillary 何論點。申請人向法庭提交四箱案例典據 party to discharge liabilities in relief application that D owed her 支持上訴，但他的上訴缺乏充分理據。 contract, tort or trust outside $1,844,891, this sum would only be 上訴法庭提醒大律師，在刑事上訴中，他 ancillary relief to other party — added to the net financial resources of 們有責任擬定可以妥為爭辯的上訴理由。 Matrimonial Proceedings and P’s assets and D’s liabilities. The Family 大律師的職責可不是把想得出的都擬定為 Property Ordinance (Cap. 192) Court had no power to order D to pay 上訴理由，不管它們是否真實，是否可以 ss. 3, 4, 5, 6, 6A the debt to P as this was an issue of loan contracts between the parties, unrelated 妥為爭辯，仿佛理由越多就越顯示他們有 P petitioned for divorce and applied for to ancillary relief. So if the Action were 能力或辦事勤奮。這種做法有可能導致大 ancillary relief against her husband, stayed, P would be unable to obtain a 律師「見樹不見林」，看不清本應不錯的 D. P also brought the present action judgment to recover the debt from D and 上訴理由，就像這宗案件所發生的情況一 against D to recover an alleged debt of this would be unfair to P. It was therefore 樣。 $1,844,891 with interest, relying on loan wrong in principle for D to seek a stay of receipts signed by D (the ‘Action’). D’s 其中一個據之而上訴獲批的上訴理由一直 the Action. (See paras. 36, 39.) application to stay the Action pending 到兩方在法庭席前提出論據才被發現。上 the determination of the ancillary relief Appeal 訴方的大律師是他們所屬領域的專家，預 application was refused. D appealed. This was an appeal by the defendant- 期履行大律師職責具專業水準、務實和具 husband against the order of Master Held, dismissing the appeal, that: 備常識。 Caroline Chow refusing to stay an action 在Tse Hin Yeung案，上訴法庭再次表達 對於一種文化的關注，這種文化盛行於若 干上訴方大律師之中，那就是，他們在任 何一套針對定罪而擬定的上訴理由中，幾 乎像例行公事一樣，不管有理無理，總會 堅稱總結詞不公平、有欠平衡。法庭認 為，可能現在是時候把在單一名法官席前 申請上訴許可的程序延伸到所有上訴，而 不只限於涉及7年或以下刑期的上訴。 麥樂賢周綽瑩司徒悅律師行 www.hk-lawyer.org 75 • May 2018 brought against him by the plaintiff- 又裁定被告人確實欠她這款項，這款 District Court (Cap. 336H, Sub. wife for the recovery of a debt pending 項只會在計算原告人和被告人各自的 Leg.) O. 7 r. 2(1), (1)(B), (2) — the determination of her ancillary relief 淨經濟資源時，算到原告人的資產和 Practice Direction 5.8, para. 1 application. The facts are set out in the 被告人的負債上。家事法庭無權命令 Words and phrases — judgment. 被告人償還欠債給原告人，因為這是 “prevented” — “hardship” 雙方的貸款合約問題，與附屬濟助無 家事法 On 4 and 17 August 2017 respectively, 關。假若案件被暫時擱置，原告人就 the Collector of Stamp Revenue (the Lit Wing Yee v. Tang Cheuk Lun 不能獲取法庭的判決，以從被告人處 ‘Collector’) issued to X two notices of [2017] HKEC 2887 取回欠債，因此把案件暫時擱置，會 assessment (‘Notices’ A and B) and 原訟法庭 對原告人造成不公。是故，被告人要 demand for stamp duty chargeable for 高院民事訴訟案2016年第850號 暫時擱置案件的申請，原則上是錯誤 two assignments over two properties (‘Properties’ A and B). Under two trust 原訟法庭法官陳江耀內庭聆訊 的。(第36、39段) 2 0 17 年 2 月 2 1日、3 月1 6 日 deeds executed by X, she held the 上訴 Properties on trust for THW who would pay all stamp duty (the ‘Trust Deeds’). 這是一宗上訴案。原告人(妻子)興訟向被 民事訴訟程序 — 擱置 — 向配 Pursuant to s. 14(1) of the Stamp Duty 告人(丈夫)追討欠債，被告人申請暫時擱 偶追討欠債的訴訟 — 擱置案件 Ordinance (Cap. 117) (the ‘SDO’) X had 置案件，以等候附屬濟助的裁決；聆案 以待附屬濟助的裁決，在原則上 one month from the date of assessment 官周敏慧女士拒絕申請；被告人就聆案官 to lodge an appeal. In August 2017, X 是錯誤的 — 家事法 — 離婚 — 的命令提出上訴。案情已在判決書詳細列 was struggling with whether to have 附屬濟助 — 家事法庭無權命令 出。 surgery, in pain and on medication. On 一方向另一方履行合約、侵權或 1 September 2017, X’s solicitors wrote 附屬濟助以外的信託責任 — 《 to the Collector to indicate her wish to 婚姻法律程序與財產條例》(第 TAXATION appeal against the assessment in Notice A, provide bank guarantees as security 192章)第3、4、5、6、6A條 Wong Wing Wah v. Collector of Stamp for payment of the stamp duty and 原告人申請離婚並向她丈夫，即被告人， Revenue [2018] HKEC 644 apply for an extension of time to appeal (the ‘Notice A Letter’). Between 4 and 要求附屬濟助。原告人亦以被告人簽立的 District Court Miscellaneous Proceedings No 3454 9 September 2017, X was hospitalised 借據為憑，提起本案，向被告人追討她所 of 2017 for surgery and then on sick leave until 指的$1,844,891欠債和利息(「案件」)。 Judge Liu Man Kin 17 November 2017. On 14 December 被告人申請暫時擱置案件以等候附屬濟助 16 March 2018 2017, X applied for an extension of time 的裁決，但申請被拒。被告人提出上訴。 to appeal against the Notices under s. 14(5B) of the SDO because she had been Taxation — stamp duty — leave 裁決 –駁回上訴： prevented by illness from bringing the to appeal out of time — whether appeals within time; and leave under s. • 《婚姻法律程序與財產條例》(第192 applicant prevented by illness 章)第3、4、5、6、6A條授權家事法 14(1B) to allow the appeals to be brought from lodging appeals within on the security of bank guarantees for 庭就相關呈請頒發附屬濟助，不是授 time — whether requirements payment of the stamp duty. 權命令婚姻一方向另一方履行合約、 under s. 14(1B) and (5B) of the Held, dismissing the application, that: 侵權或不相關的信託責任。(見第20 Stamp Duty Ordinance (Cap. 、27、35段) 117) satisfied • Whether to exercise the discretion to grant an extension of time for appeal • 同樣地，家事法庭無權命令第三者把 Civil procedure — originating under s. 14(5B) of the SDO involved 資產轉回給擁有該資產實益權益的婚 summons — practitioners a three-stage test (Wan Wah Shing v. 姻的一方，或命令第三者履行合約、 issuing summons under s. 14(1B) Collector of Stamp Revenue [2005] 4 and (5B) must use general form HKLRD 674 applied): 侵權或附屬濟助以外的信託責任。(見 (Form 8) not expedited form 第33-34段) (Form 10) — non-compliance (a) the court must be satisfied that • 因此，即便原告人要求法官裁定被告 might result in delay, dismissal the applicant suffered from illness, had been absent from Hong 人是否有欠她$1,844,891，而法官 of summons and costs consequences — Rules of the Kong or had any other reasonable 76 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要 cause; [2005] 4 HKLRD 674 applied). (See • (Obiter) X should not have (b) the applicant must show that one para. 24.) commenced these proceedings by an or more of the three factors above • X had not shown that she was originating summons in expedited prevented her from bringing an prevented by illness from lodging form (Form 10), but used the general appeal within the statutory time appeals against the assessments form (Form 8) instead. Under O. 7 r. limit; and within time. Despite being ill, in 2(1)(1B) of the Rules of the District Court (Cap. 336H, Sub.Leg.) (‘RDC’), (c) even if the above two criteria were August 2017, she had instructed practitioners were only to use Form satisfied, the court had a residual solicitors to write the Notice A Letter. 10 if it was prescribed under a written discretion as to whether to grant Although Notice B was sent to X’s law. There was no such law regarding an extension of time. (See para. home address and, she claimed, applications under s. 14(1B) and 20.) remained unopened because she was ill, Notice B was also sent to s.14(5B). Under para. 1 of Practice • The word “prevented” in s. 14(5B) her solicitors so that she would also Direction 5.8, non-compliance might meant “unable to”. An applicant have been able to give instructions delay the proceedings or result in seeking an extension under s.14(5B) thereon. Thus, there was no ground to the summons being dismissed and must demonstrate that he was unable exercise the discretion under s. 14(5B) might also have costs consequences to lodge an appeal within time due to in X’s favour. (See paras. 31–35.) (International Automotive Components illness, absence from Hong Kong or Group SRO v. Xuke Trading Ltd [2017] • As for s. 14(1B), “hardship” meant other reasonable cause (Chow Kwong 3 HKC 137 applied). (See paras. “financial hardship”. Even if the Fai v. Commissioner of Inland Revenue 40–41, 43–45.) [2005] 4 HKLRD 687 applied). (See Notice A Letter was a formal paras. 22–23.) application to postpone payment Application of stamp duty, it was made outside • In order to fulfil the factors in s. This was an application by the intended the 14-day time limit under s. 14(1A), 14(5B), the applicant must show that appellant for an extension of time to hence the Collector could not accede payment of stamp duty assessed appeal against two notices of stamp to X’s request. No similar request had would impose hardship on him, that duty assessment; and leave to allow been made for Property B. Further, non-payment was reasonable in all the appeals on giving security for the X had not adduced evidence of the the circumstances and security to payment of the stamp duty. The facts are “hardship” she would suffer if she the court’s satisfaction was given for set out in the judgment. had to pay the stamp duty so that the the duty to be postponed. The court Court could not consider her financial must consider a party’s subjective circumstances; or evidence that THW 稅務 stance in forming an objective view on would be unable to pay the stamp all the circumstances as to whether duty under the Trust Deeds. (See Wong Wing Wah v. Collector of hardship was established (Wan Wah paras. 37–39.) Stamp Revenue [2018] HKEC 644 Shing v. Collector of Stamp Revenue 區域法院 區院雜項案件2017年第3454號 區域法院法官廖文健 2018年3月16日 課稅 — 印花稅 — 逾期上訴的許 可 — 申請人是否由於疾病而未 能在時限內提出上訴 — 是否符 合《印花稅條例》(第117章)第 14(1B)及(5B)條的規定 民事訴訟程序 — 原訴傳票 — 法 律執業者根據第14(1B)及(5B)條 發出傳票，就必須使用普通表格 (表格8)而不是使用速辦表格(表 格10) — 錯用表格可令法律程序 www.hk-lawyer.org 77 • May 2018 受到延誤，傳票被撤銷，還會增 或以上因素而未能在法定時限內提 付印花稅。(見第37–39段) 加訟費 — 《區域法院規則》(第 出上訴；及 6) (附帶意見)X原本不應該以速辦表格 336H章，附屬法例)第7號命令 c) 即使符合上述兩項標準，法庭也有 (表格10)，而是應該使用普通表格( 第2(1)、(1)(B)、(2)條規則 — 實 剩餘酌情權去決定是否批准延展期 表格8)，發出傳票以展開有關法律程 務指示 5.8第1段 限(見第20段)。 序。根據《區域法院規則》(第336H 章，附屬法例)第7號命令第2(1)(1B) 字眼及用語 — 「未能」 — 「困 2) 第14(5B)條的「未能」指「不能夠」 。根據第14(5B)條要求延期的申請 條規則的規定，法律執業者只在成文 苦」 人，必須證明他由於疾病，不在香港 法訂明的情況下，才可使用表格10。 印花稅署署長(「署長」)向X發出兩份評 或其他合理因由而不能夠提出上訴(引 第14(1B)及14(5B)條都沒有是與申 稅通知書，要求X就兩項物業(「物業」A 用Chow Kwong Fai v. Commissioner 請有關的法例。根據實務指示5.8第 及B)的轉讓繳付可予徵收印花稅，兩份通 of Inland Revenue [2005] 4 HKLRD 1段，錯用表格可令法律程序受到延 知書分別在2017年8月4日及17日發出(「 687)。(見第22–23段) 誤，傳票被撤銷，還會增加訟費(引用 International Automotive Components 通知書」A及B)。根據兩份由X執行的信 3) 為求符合第14(5B)條訂明的因素，申 Group SRO v. Xuke Trading Ltd 託契據，她是以信託形式代THW持有物 請人必須證明，繳付經評定印花稅會 [2017] 3 HKC 137)。(見第40–41 業A及B，THW會支付所有印花稅(「該信 對他造成困苦，也必須證明不付款是 、43–45段) 託契據」)。根據《印花稅條例》(第117 絕對合理的，並且他已就延遲繳付稅 章)第14(1)條，X有1個月時間提出上訴， 款提出令法庭滿意的保證。法庭根據 應用 期限由評稅作出日期當日開始計算。X在 整體情況，從客觀角度決定造成困苦 這是一宗申請延展上訴期限的案件。擬上 2017年8月考慮自己應否接受手術，當 之說是否確立的時候，必須考慮訴訟 訴人申請延展針對兩份印花稅評定通知書 時她正忍受疼痛和服藥。這是一個艱難的 方的主觀立場(引用Wan Wah Shing v. 提出上訴的期限，以及提出申請，要求法 決定。2017车9月1日，X的律師寫信給 Collector of Stamp Revenue [2005] 4 庭在她已就須繳付的印花稅提出銀行擔保 署長，表明X想就通知書A的評稅提出上 HKLRD 674)。(見第24段) 作為保證之後，給予容許上訴的許可。案 訴及提供銀行擔保作為繳付印花稅的保證 4) X未能證明她由於疾病而未能在期限 情已在判決書詳細列出。 金，同時申請延展上訴期限(「通知書A信 內針對評稅提出上訴。她雖然患病， 函」)。2017年9月4至9日，X入院做手 但在2017年8月指示律師撰寫通知 術，手術後放病假，一直到2017年11月 書A信函。儘管通知書B是寄到X的 17日為止。2017年12月14日，X根據《 住址的，而X也聲稱因為患病而一直 印花稅條例》第14(5B)條，申請延展針 沒有拆閱，但通知書B亦有寄給她的 對通知書提出上訴的期限，原因是她由於 律師，因而她本來就能夠就通知書B 疾病而未能在期限內提出上訴；X也根據 作出指示。因此，沒有理由根據第 第14(1B)條提出申請，要求法庭在她已就 14(5B)條行使酌情決定權，容許X在 須繳付的印花稅提出銀行擔保作為保證之 較長期間內提出上訴。(見第31–35 後，給予容許上訴的許可。 段) 裁決 –駁回申請： 5) 至於第14(1B)條，「困苦」指「財政 1) 要決定是否根據《印花稅條例》第 困難」。即使通知書A信函是正式就 14(5B)條行使酌情決定權以批准延展 延遲繳付印花稅提出的申請，它也是 上訴期限的問題，需要使用三級驗證 超逾第14(1A)條指定的14天期限提出 標準(引用Wan Wah Shing v. Collector 的，因此署長不能答應X的要求。X一 of Stamp Revenue [2005] 4 HKLRD 直沒有就物業B提出類似的要求。此 674)： 外，X未能舉證證明她會因為必須支 For full summaries and judgments, please refer to Westlaw and Hong Kong Law Reports & 付印花稅而承受「困苦」，以致法庭 a) 法庭必須信納申請人患病，一直不 Digest at www.westlaw.com.hk. 在香港或者有任何其他合理因由； 不能考慮她的財政情況；她也未能舉 就完整的摘要和判決書，請到 證證明THW會無法根據該信託契據支 www.westlaw.com.hk 參閱Westlaw b) 申請人必須證明，她由於上述一項 及《香港法律彙報與摘錄》。 78 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊 Legal Market 職場資訊 Rise of Short Term Contracts in the Legal Market By Camilla Worthington, Head of Private Practice Lewis Sanders Legal Recruitment ver the last 10 years Law Firms, lawyers across various practice areas workloads increasing. Over the last 10 Financial Institutions and Multi- including M&A, derivatives, real estate, years many companies, particularly the Onationals have experienced regulatory, compliance, employment and investment banks, have experienced not only a challenging environment for litigation. head count freezes. financial growth but also fundamental In line with this demand, there is now There can be situations where a changes within the legal market itself. greater awareness from candidates to company is not certain as to the type These changes have been driven by a work on a more flexible basis. Those who of individual and skill set required, broader shift from a sellers to a buyers’ are most likely to consider contracting particularly if it is a new business area market and an increased client demand range from working parents who wish to or the first time hiring an in-house for greater efficiency, predictability balance childcare and work with flexibility lawyer. Hiring a contract lawyer can and cost control in the delivery of legal around school holidays, lawyers who have provide an opportunity to “try before services. recently relocated from overseas, sole you buy”. The contract position can Originally in the legal market, contract practitioners supplementing work flow, always be transferred into a permanent lawyers were primarily used for litigation lawyers in between jobs and those who position if the individual is a good fit support on large-scale cases, due simply enjoy the flexibility of contract and on the flip side, it is easy for both diligence and short-term cover for positions. parties to walk away at the end of the maternity leave. However, with changing contract. The use of contractors also client demand, in-house legal teams What does contracting mean enables companies to retain talent are utilizing contract lawyers for more for businesses? and services without a capital outlay or substantive work to enable them to Companies are experiencing an ongoing employment obligations. be more competitive on costs whilst increasing range of benefits from hiring maximizing resources and revenues. contract lawyers. It is common place What does contracting mean Contract lawyers can now perform the that workloads vary and are not always for a Candidate? function of a full time in-house counsel. consistent and it is often not viable for The initial reaction of some candidates There is increased demand for temporary lawyers to be hired in anticipation of to the idea of contracting is often www.hk-lawyer.org 79 • May 2018 one of hesitation. The thought of being another for four weeks. When one have been strong indicators that multi- without a permanent income can be assignment ends there is the option to national corporations are now looking unnerving. However, there are many move straight onto another or to take towards contractors as a highly skilled advantages to taking on such a position. a break. In Hong Kong where many and flexible resource, hiring candidates Contracting can offer lawyers a huge employees are working long hours, on the strength of their ability to deliver range of benefits, which for many makes this flexibility is becoming more and in specific practice areas. There is no becoming a contractor an attractive more attractive. Working as a contract doubt that lawyers will be a key part of 作者 Camilla Worthington 私人執業部主管 Lewis Sanders Legal Recruitment option compared to being employed on lawyer can also provide lawyers with the this growing contracting workforce. a permanent basis. opportunity to keep legal skills and legal It is clear that the benefits to knowledge up to date. The exposure to Contracting provides increased flexibility contracting have not been lost on the different in-house teams is invaluable enabling individuals to achieve a greater legal industry. While the law firms in and can also enhance the contractors work/life balance, sign up for classes Hong Kong are behind the curve in personal and professional network. For that support continuing education or terms of this trend, we expect them to lawyers who are new to the market or are pursue other interests. Candidates embrace a more flexible working model returning to work after a career break, are able to gain exposure to a different over the next five years. contracting can provide an excellent practice area to make themselves more opportunity to make connections in the At Lewis Sanders we see contracting as marketable, for example corporate legal community. You are likely to work an increasingly attractive option for our lawyers retraining as funds lawyers, with numerous legal professionals and clients. We are excited to be expanding or banking lawyers to derivatives via these connections can prove very helpful our capability in the contracting market contracting. The thought of returning particularly if ultimately you are looking by providing a contracting service to work after a period of leave or for a permanent position. both with and without payroll services. transitioning from one practice area to Business that are most likely to survive another can be daunting. Contracting The use of contract lawyers is continuing and prosper in the new legal market can be a good way to ease this transition to expand and evolve in the market across environment are those most able to as it offers an opportunity to experience Asia. LinkedIn predicts that contractors anticipate and adapt to the changes different organizations and types of will represent 43 percent of the workforce around them and the use of contractors work. by 2020, up from just six percent in 1990. will play a key part in this. n While some of this growth can be seen in Contracts can be varying in length. One short term staffing replacements, there assignment might be for six months 80 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊 法律市場短期合約的興起 作者 Camilla Worthington 私人執業部主管 Lewis Sanders Legal Recruitment 去10年，律師行、金融機 內部律師時。聘請合約律師可提供一個 驗，也可以增強合約律師的個人和專 構和跨國企業經歷了充滿挑 「購買之前試用」的機會。如果人選合 業網絡。對於新進入市場或休假後重返 過 戰的財務環境，亦經歷了法 適，合約職位可轉為永久職位；相反， 工作崗位的律師而言，合約聘用有助在 律市場的根本變化。這些變化來自市場 合約結束時雙方亦易於結束僱佣關係。 法律界建立聯繫。您很可能會與眾多法 從賣方轉至買方及客戶對法律服務的效 以合約方式聘請也令企業能夠在無需資 律專業人士合作，若您隨後尋找長期職 率、可預測性和成本控制的需求日益增 本支出或持續僱傭義務的情況下挽留人 位，這些聯繫可能會非常有用。 加。 才和服務。 聘用合約律師的比例在亞洲市場上不斷 在法律市場上，合約律師以往主要負責 擴大。LinkedIn預測，到2020年，合約 合約聘用對求職者意味著什麼？ 支援大型案件訴訟、盡職調查和應付產 職位將佔勞動力的43%，而1990年只 假的短期職位。然而，隨著客戶需求變 一些求職者對合約職位最初的反應往往 有6%。儘管其中一些職位增長為短期代 化，企業內部法律團隊正聘用合約律師 是猶豫不決，沒有長期固定收入的想法 工，但有跡象顯示，跨國企業視合約僱 進行更多實質工作，從而在成本上更具 可能會令人不安。但是，出任這樣的職 員為高技術、高靈活性的資源，因應求 競爭力，同時最大限度地善用資源和收 位有很多好處。合約聘用可為律師提供 職者的能力聘請，並期等他們在特定執 入。 廣泛的福利，對於許多人來說，出任合 業領域發揮技能。毫無疑問，律師將是 約職位較永久聘用更具吸引力。 不斷增長的合約僱員隊伍的關鍵一環。 合約律師現在可以執行全職企業內部律 師的職能。各行業對臨時律師需求增 合同聘用提供更大的靈活性，令個人能 合約聘用的好處在法律行業中亦一樣。 加，所涉領域包括併購、衍工具、房地 夠實現更大的工作與生活平衡、持續 儘管香港律師行尚未趕上這個趨勢，但 產、監管、合規、就業及訴訟。 進修或報讀其他興趣班。求職者能接觸 我們預計，律師行將在未來5年採用更 不同的執業領域，使自己更具市場競爭 靈活的工作模式。 配合這個需求，現今的求職者對工作靈 力，例如公司律師通過合約聘用，再受 活度的意識更強。最有可能考慮以合約 Lewis Sanders認為合約聘用是對客戶越 訓成為基金律師、從事衍生工具的銀行 方式應聘者包括在學校假期時希望平衡 具吸引力的選擇。我們很高興能夠通過 律師。假期後返回工作，或從一個執業 育兒與工作的在職父母、最近從海外移 提供合約聘用服務，擴大市場能力。能 領域轉換到另一個領域，能令人望而生 居的律師、補充工作的獨立執業律師、 夠在新的法律市場環境中生存和發展的 畏。合約聘用提供體驗不同組織和工作 正在等待新職的律師及喜歡合約職位的 企業，最能預測和適應周邊變化，使用 類型的機會，可以緩解這種轉變帶來的 靈活性者。 合約聘用將在這方面發揮關鍵作用。 不安。 n 合約聘用對企業意味著什麼？ 合約期長短不一。一項任務可能需時4 個星期，另一項任務可能需時6個月。 企業僱用合約律師的好處越來越廣。工 任務結束時，可以選擇直接轉到另一個 作量不穩定，時有多寡，聘請律師等待 項目工作，或者選擇休息。香港許多僱 工作量增加往往並不可行。過去10年 員的工時很長，這種靈活性變得越來越 來，許多企業，特別是投資銀行，均面 有吸引力。 擔任合約律師也可為律師 對人手凍結。 提供機會，保持法律技能和法律知識。 有時企業並不確定所需的人選類型和技 接觸不同的企業內部團隊是非常寶貴經 能，特別是針對新業務領域或首次聘請 www.hk-lawyer.org 81 • May 2018 PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向 Newly-Admitted Members 新 會 員 CHAN CHUN TAT DAI YINGHUI KWOK KIN FEI 陳俊達 戴穎輝 HAPPY DALY, HO & LIU, CHAN & LAM 郭健妃 ASSOCIATES 廖陳林律師事務所 帝理何律師行 CHAN SHEK YAN DONG YUE LAW YUEN KIN DANETTE 董 岳 羅元健 陳碩訢 BAKER & MCKENZIE MAK PATRICK & TSE SKADDEN, ARPS, 貝克‧ 麥堅時律師 麥家榮律師行 SLATE, MEAGHER & 事務所 FLOM 世達國際律師事 務所 CHENG HO FUNG HO CHEUK YEE LEE JIN-HO IVAN JACQUELINE LORETTA 李展浩 鄭可豐 何卓怡 WHITE & CASE OLDHAM, LI & NIE PAYNE CLERMONT 偉凱律師事務所 高李嚴律師行 VELASCO 彭林韋律師事務所 CHEUNG WAI SUM JI HOUSHI LEE TSUN TAT WILSON 姬厚實 李駿達 張蔚深 TSANG, CHAN & ASHURST HONG WOO SOLICITORS & KONG NOTARIES 亞司特律師事務所 曾陳胡律師行 CHU KIU WAH KONG KA LAM LEUNG HO WAI JOSHUA ALLEN KAREN MATTHEW 朱喬華 江家林 梁浩為 ROBINSONS, SIMPSON THACHER LAWYERS & BARTLETT 羅本信律師行 盛信律師事務所 82 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會 員 動 向 LEUNG CHI YEUNG POON TAK WING YEH YA YEN VICTOR DARYL MAY VICTORIA 梁梓揚 潘德穎 葉雅恩 CHEUNG & CHOY NORTON ROSE ASHURST HONG 張世文蔡敏律師事 FULBRIGHT HONG KONG 務所 KONG 亞司特律師事務所 諾頓羅氏香港 LI PAK HO LEO SHUM KA WAI YEUNG CHEUK CHI 李百豪 沈嘉蔚 VIVIAN ALLEN & OVERY 楊卓姿 安理國際律師事務所 BAKER & MCKENZIE 貝克‧ 麥堅時律師 事務所 LIU LEE TING SO TSZ TUNG YEUNG RAYMOND 劉莉婷 蘇芷彤 KWUN SHUN CHAN & CHAN BOCI-PRUDENTIAL 楊君信 陳、陳律師行 ASSET NORTON ROSE MANAGEMENT FULBRIGHT HONG LIMITED KONG 諾頓羅氏香港 MAN KA MEI TAN RUI WEN CAMMY BENJAMIN CHU YAN YEE 文嘉鎂 陳瑞文 朱恩儀 ALLEN & OVERY ASHURST HONG 安理國際律師事務所 KONG 亞司特律師事務所 MOK SHUK MAN TANG CHI CHING 莫淑雯 SHARON Editorial Note: the firm name that 鄧梓晴 appeared next to Chu Yan Yee, in NORTON ROSE the March 2018 issue of Hong Kong FULBRIGHT HONG KING & WOOD Lawyer was incorrect. KONG MALLESONS 諾頓羅氏香港 金杜律師事務所 編按: 2018年3月號的《香港律 師》內朱恩儀的律師樓名稱出錯， 敬希垂注。 MOK YIU WANG TONG WAI LUN 莫耀宏 唐瑋綸 NIXON PEABODY CWL BI HAN 尼克松‧鄭林胡律 畢 寒 師行 KING & WOOD MALLESONS 金杜律師事務所 NG WEN YONG TSUI HEI TUNG DIANE NICOLE CHAN LING FENG AMBROSE 黃文詠 徐晞彤 陳令豐 LATHAM & WATKINS 瑞生國際律師事務所 www.hk-lawyer.org 83 • May 2018 HO SIN CHI NELSON JACK WRIGHT Partnerships and Firms 何倩智 KING & WOOD MALLESONS CHEUNG & LIU, SOLICITORS 金杜律師事務所 合夥人及律師行變動 張廖律師事務所 NG HEI TUNG SELES changes received as from 1 March 2018 取自2018年3月1日起香港律師會所提供之最新資料 HUI MARA 吳希彤 許 敏 NG WA KAI • AU WING HANG ALEX NIXON PEABODY CWL 吳華佳 commenced practice as the sole practitioner of 尼克松‧鄭林胡律師行 Wing Hang Lawyers as from 16/03/2018. 區永恒 JENNINGS HENRY CHRISTOPHER SIA BING XI 自2018年3月16日獨資經營永恒律師事務所。 SHANE 謝秉羲 ASHURST HONG KONG LATHAM & WATKINS • BI RAN 亞司特律師事務所 瑞生國際律師事務所 joined Ashurst Hong Kong as a partner as from 05/03/2018. LAM KA HIN YEUNG WING WUN ELENA 畢 然 林家軒 楊詠媛 自2018年3月5日加入亞司特律師事務所為合夥 WAI & CO., HENRY SOLICITORS LATHAM & WATKINS 人。 韋業顯律師行 瑞生國際律師事務所 • BOW CHEUK WAI ceased to be a partner of Deacons as from LAM SZE CHING SHARON ZHANG SHIMENG 01/04/2018. 林思靜 張詩朦 鮑卓緯 LAU MAN TING SKADDEN, ARPS, SLATE, 自2018年4月1日不再出任的近律師行合夥人一 劉敏廷 MEAGHER & FLOM 職。 ROBINSONS, LAWYERS 世達國際律師事務所 • CHAN EDMUND KWOON BUN 羅本信律師行 ZHAO JIANG ceased to be a partner of Baker & McKenzie as from 01/04/2018. 趙 江 LEUNG WAI-YAN CLARA 陳冠斌 梁懷欣 SULLIVAN & CROMWELL (HONG 自2018年4月1日不再出任貝克‧ 麥堅時律師事 KONG) LLP INCE & CO. 務所合夥人一職。 英士律師行 蘇利文‧克倫威爾律師事務所(香 港)有限法律責任合夥 • CHAN KA FUNG LI WING SZE became a partner of Vincent T.K. Cheung, Yap & Co. as from 01/04/2018. 李詠思 陳家鋒 LING SEE-PUI EMILY 自2018年4月1日成為張葉司徒陳律師事務所合夥 林斯培 人。 ZHONG LUN LAW FIRM • CHENG HENRY MING CHUN 中倫律師事務所 ceased to be a partner of Kirkland & Ellis as from 31/03/2018. MUIRHEAD JAMES HO TAK 鄭銘浚 苗浩德 自2018年3月31日不再出任凱易律師事務所合夥 YUEN PETER & ASSOCIATES 人一職。 阮葆光律師事務所 • CHING YUEN MAN ANGELA ceased to be the sole practitioner of Ching & Solicitors as from 15/02/2018 and the firm closed on the same day. 程婉雯 自2018年2月15日不再出任Ching & Solicitors獨資 經營者一職，而該行於同日結業。 84 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會 員 動 向 • CHONG HON KAY HANK • KO WAI SHUN WILSON • LAW KAM WAH ceased to be a partner of Baker & became a partner of Wellington Legal ceased to be a partner of Squire Patton McKenzie as from 01/04/2018. as from 27/03/2018. Boggs as from 01/04/2018. 莊漢祺 高偉舜 羅金華 自2018年4月1日不再出任貝克‧ 麥堅 自2018年3月27日成為趙國賢律師事務 自2018年4月1日不再出任翰宇國際律 時律師事務所合夥人一職。 所合夥人。 師事務所合夥人一職。 • CHOW JOCELYN EVE CHUK-FUN • LAM KWOK MING • LEE MAN CHIU became a partner of Ellen Au & Co. as ceased to be a partner of Keith Lam joined Dentons Hong Kong LLP as a from 28/03/2018. Lau & Chan as from 31/03/2018 and partner as from 19/03/2018. 周卓勳 joined Guantao & Chow Solicitors and Notaries as a partner as from 李文昭 自2018年3月28日成為區殿霞律師行合 01/04/2018. 自2018年3月19日加入德同國際有限法 夥人。 林國明 律責任合夥為合夥人。 • CHU HO YAN 自2018年3月31日不再出任劉林陳律師 • LEUNG MAN CHI ceased to be a partner of Li, Kwok & 行合夥人一職，並於2018年4月1日加 became a partner of Wilkinson & Grist Law as from 01/04/2018. 入觀韜律師事務所(香港)為合夥人。 as from 01/04/2018. 朱皓欣 • LAM SAN KEUNG 梁敏芝 自2018年4月1日不再出任李郭羅律師 commenced practice as the sole 自2018年4月1日成為高露雲律師行合 行合夥人一職。 practitioner of Ambrose Lam & Co. as 夥人。 • CHUNG KWOK KEUNG TOMMY from 26/03/2018 and remains as a • LI DING ceased to be a partner of Gallant as partner of Lam, Lee & Lai. became a partner of Gallant as from from 01/04/2018 and joined Tsang, 林新強 01/04/2018. Chan & Wong as a consultant as from 自2018年3月26日獨資經營林新強律師 李 丁 03/04/2018. 事務所，並繼續擔任林李黎律師事務所 鍾國強 合夥人一職。 自2018年4月1日成為何耀棣律師事務 自2018年4月1日不再出任何耀棣律師 所合夥人。 • LAM YAN FONG FLORA 事務所合夥人一職，並於2018年4月3 commenced practice as the sole • LI MING YAN 日加入曾宇佐陳遠翔律師行為顧問。 practitioner of Y.F. Lam & Co. as became a partner of Robertsons as from 03/04/2018. • FONG WAI NA from 01/04/2018 and remains as a became a partner of Squire Patton consultant of Lam & Co. 李明茵 Boggs as from 01/04/2018. 林欣芳 自2018年4月3日成為羅拔臣律師事務 方慧娜 自2018年4月1日獨資經營林欣芳律師 所合夥人。 自2018年4月1日成為翰宇國際律師事 事務所，並繼續擔任林炳昌律師事務所 顧問一職。 • LIU CHI KEI CHARLIE 務所合夥人。 ceased to be a partner of Wilkinson & Grist as from 18/03/2018 and joined • GRAMS RICHARD S • LAU HIU PING Boase Cohen & Collins as a consultant ceased to be a partner of Fitzgerald joined Lin and Associates as a partner as from 19/03/2018. Lawyers as from 05/04/2018. as from 26/03/2018. 廖智基 關偉傑 劉曉冰 自2018年3月18日不再出任高露雲律師 自2018年4月5日不再出任德龍律師事 自2018年3月26日加入林華榕律師事務 行合夥人一職，並於2018年3月19日加 務所合夥人一職。 所為合夥人。 入布高江律師行為顧問。 • HO WING HANG HOWARD • LAU PAK YUE DANIEL • LIU CHUNG YUE JOHNNY ceased to be a partner of Ellen Au & Co. became a partner of Ashurst Hong became a partner of Vincent as from 28/03/2018 and commenced Kong as from 19/03/2018. T.K. Cheung, Yap & Co. as from practice as the sole practitioner of 劉伯愉 01/04/2018. Howard Ho & Co., Solicitors as from 自2018年3月19日成為亞司特律師事務 廖頌宇 12/04/2018. 所合夥人。 何頴恒 自2018年4月1日成為張葉司徒陳律師 自2018年3月28日不再出任區殿霞律師 事務所合夥人。 行合夥人一職，並2018年4月12日獨資 經營何頴恒律師行。 www.hk-lawyer.org 85 • May 2018 • LO KAR YU • ROBINSON IAN • TONG YUK YIN LORETTA ceased to be a partner of Hui & Lam ceased to be a partner of Robinsons, ceased to be a partner of Eric Lai, Jason LLP as from 01/04/2018 and joined Lawyers as from 14/03/2018 and Cheung & Co. as from 01/04/2018 and S.K. Wong & Co. as a consultant as remains as a consultant of the firm. remains as a consultant of the firm. from 03/04/2018. 羅本信 唐育賢 羅嘉裕 自2018年3月14 日不再出任羅本信 自2018年4月1日不再出任賴發強、張濟 自2018年4月1日不再出任許林律師行 律師行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧 成律師行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧 有限法律責任合夥合夥人一職，並於 問。 問。 2018年4月3日加入黃萃群律師行為顧 問。 • SO KIT YEE KITTY • TSANG KIN PATRICK ceased to be a partner of Kitty So & ceased to be a partner of William Sin & So Tong as from 01/04/2018 and remains as from 01/04/2018 and joined Rowdget • MA SIU LAM as a consultant of the firm. W. Young & Co. as a partner as from ceased to be a partner of K.M. Lai & Li 蘇潔兒 03/04/2018. as from 01/04/2018 and remains as a 自2018年4月1日不再出任蘇潔兒, 唐 曾 健 consultant of the firm. 淑萍律師行合夥人一職，而轉任為該 自2018年4月1日不再出任冼國雄、蘇福 馬兆林 行顧問。 禎律師行合夥人一職，並於2018年4月3 自2018年4月1 日不再出任黎錦文李 日加入楊振文律師行為合夥人。 孟華律師事務所合夥人一職，而轉任 • SUM KWAN NGAI RONALD 為該行顧問。 ceased to be a partner of Troutman • TSANG YAT WAH Sanders as from 11/04/2018 and ceased to be a partner of Mayer Brwon • MARSHALL WILLIAM FRANCIS joined Locke Lord as a partner on the JSM as from 01/04/2018 and commenced commenced practice as the sole same day. practice as the sole practitioner of Derek practitioner of William Marshall & Co. 岑君毅 Tsang Law Office on the same day. as from 05/03/2018. 自2018年4月11日不再出任長盛國際 曾日華 自2018年3月5日獨資經營William 律師事務所合夥人一職，並於同日加 自2018年4月1日不再出任孖士打律師行 Marshall & Co.。 入洛克律師事務所為合夥人。 合夥人一職，並於同日獨資經營曾日華律 師行。 • MC KENNA BRIAN FRANCIS • TAN LUHUA became a partner of Mayer Brown JSM joined Ambrose Lam & Co. as a • WANG PENG as from 29/03/2018. partner as from 03/04/2018. ceased to be a partner of Shearman & 自2018年3月29日成為孖士打律師行 譚露華 Sterling as from 01/04/2018 and joined 合夥人。 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom as 自2018年4月3日加入林新強律師事務 a consultant on the same day. • NARAYAN RAM 所為合夥人。 王 鵬 joined Kirkland & Ellis as a partner as from 22/03/2018. • TANG KWOK CHUEN 自2018年4月1日不再出任謝爾曼‧思特 那雷言 ceased to be a partner of Li, Kwok & 靈律師事務所合夥人一職，並於同日加入 Law as from 29/03/2018. 世達國際律師事務所為顧問。 自2018年3月22日加入凱易律師事務 鄧國全 所為合夥人。 • WONG PIE YUE CLERESA 自2018年3月29 日不再出任李郭羅律 ceased to be a partner of Wilkinson & Grist • NG YU HUNG CHRISTOPHER 師行合夥人一職。 as from 01/04/2018 and remains as a ceased to be a partner of Chu & Lau consultant of the firm. as from 30/03/2018 and joined J. • TONG YEUNG WAI LAN DAISY Chan & Lai as a consultant as from ceased to be a partner of Deacons as 黃碧如 03/04/2018. from 07/03/2018. 自2018年4月1日不再出任高露雲律師行 吳裕雄 湯楊蕙蘭 合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。 自2018年3月7 日不再出任的近律師 自2018年3月30日不再出任劉漢銓律 • YU PUI HANG 行合夥人一職。 師行合夥人一職，並於2018年4月3日 commenced practice as the sole 加入陳錦全， 黎永康律師事務所為顧 practitioner of Henry Yu & Associates as 問。 from 18/03/2018. 余沛恒 自2018年3月18日獨資經營余沛恒律師事 務所。 86 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律 師 閒 情 My life with Hockey My name is Emma de Ronde, I am a corporate partner at Norton Rose Fulbright Hong Kong, having moved to Hong Kong from London in 2014. I am married with a 4 year old son, Benjamin. I have always enjoyed playing sport from school age. By Emma de Ronde, Corporate Partner Norton Rose Fulbright Hong Kong started playing when I started asked if I would join a sixes tournament Hockey in London and in secondary school in the UK at the age during the summer at the Hong Kong Hong Kong of 11 and played throughout my school Football Club. After playing with them, I I Playing in the humidity and heat is a career and then joined the university tried out for the Hong Kong Football Club different ballgame (sorry about the pun) team at Kings College London. ladies hockey squad and started playing altogether! In London I played in freezing for the Ladies C team two years ago. We After we finished university, myself and temperatures and a lot of rain – playing have won the first division of the Hong a few of the other team members who a physically demanding sport when it Kong Hockey Association for the last two had graduated at the same time decided is 35 degrees out and 100% humidity is years! to start a Kings College “old girls” squad incredibly challenging. We start training and we joined the Kent League in the Norton Rose Fulbright is a sponsor of the in August which is never fun! South East of England. When we started, Hong Kong Football Club Hockey Division It does mean when it comes round to which was around 2002, we had to start and I supported that initiative. We were winter and the temperature drops you in the bottom division – over the years we approached by the Hong Kong Football feel very fit! In London I played with a lot worked up way up and ended up playing Club about sponsorship and took it to our of players around the same age as me. In in the premier division growing the ladies business development team. They liked Hong Kong the players are mixed in age, squad to two teams. I played with the the concept because hockey appeals to we play with some of the cubs (14-16) and First XI squad for 10 years, after which I a wide base of people, both local and the oldest players in our team are over 40 gave up, to have Ben and then moved to expat and men and women, adults and – players change as they get older (and Hong Kong. children. gain experience) and you have to adapt After arriving in Hong Kong, a friend the team to the different skill sets among the younger and older players. www.hk-lawyer.org 87 • May 2018 Hockey and the Law day-to-day life. In that sense, it is a positive but hungry to win and mindset great stress reliever – something very of the team plays such a big part in the As any team sport, hockey requires important if you want to survive in a outcome but also the nature of the game. It players to work together, trust each other legal career! also helps to be physically fit and strong and succeed as a team. Much like in a – I spent a long time after having a baby law firm, successful teams are those who My hockey mantra is “Play to enjoy building up my core strength which I think is work well together and know how to and always give it your most.” just as important to being a good player as support one another. The older I get, the more I recognise the cardio fitness. You feel a great comraderie playing as the impact of mindset on sport I hope to carry on playing as long as I can – a team and you are all “in it together”, performance, of course physical some of the ladies in other teams are well similar in a way to office dynamics. One fitness and skill play a big part but as into their 50s and one of the men’s teams of the reasons I love playing so much is a team we can play very differently has players in their 70s – if I can last that that when you play 100 percent of your depending on the mood of the team. long I will be doing well! n mind and focus is on the game, there is It is important to go into a match no room to think about other worries in 曲棍球與我 我叫Emma de Ronde，是諾頓羅氏富萊特(香港) 的合夥人，2014年從倫敦移居香港。我已婚， 有一名4歲的兒子Benjamin。我自求學時期就熱 愛運動。 作者 Emma de Ronde 合夥人 諾頓羅氏富萊特(香港) 11歲在 英國上中學時開始 入聯盟，最初打低級組，一直努力升 球隊，並在兩年前開始打女子C隊。過去兩 打曲棍球，中學時期一直打 直高級組，陣容亦擴大到2支隊伍。我 年，我們蟬聯香港曲棍球總會甲組冠軍。 球，上大學後加入了倫敦大 在First XI隊打了10年曲棍球，後來才 我 Norton Rose Fulbright是香港足球會曲棍球 學國王學院曲棍球隊。 放棄打球，生了Ben，然後移居香港。 隊的贊助商，對此我鼎力支持。香港足球會 大學畢業後，我和一些隊員決定組成國 來港後，有朋友問我是否會參加香 邀請我們贊助，我們的業務發展團隊喜歡這 王學院的old girls隊，加入了英格蘭東南 港足球會的夏季六人賽。與她們打球 個概念，因為曲棍球吸引眾多本地和外籍人 部的肯特聯盟。我們大約2002年開始加 後，我嘗試加入香港足球會女子曲棍 士，不論男女老幼。 88 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律 師 閒 情 倫敦和香港的曲棍球圈 在潮濕和高溫的環境中打球是截然不同 的層次！在倫敦，我在寒冷多雨的環境 下打球，在氣溫35度、濕度100%的戶 外進行體能運動非常具挑戰性。我們在8 月開始訓練，感覺一點不輕易！ 但那表示當冬季到臨，溫度下降，你會 覺得自己狀態極佳！在倫敦，我和許多 同齡的球員一起打球。在香港，球員年 齡有長有幼，年輕的隊員14-16歲，到隊 中年紀最大的球員超過40歲。球員隨著 年齡增長而變化（經驗增長），你必須 適應年輕和年長球員的不同球技。 曲棍球與法律 正如任何團隊運動，打曲棍球需要與隊 我的曲棍球座右銘是「盡情享受，全力 色。體能強健亦有幫助。我生下孩子後 員合作，互相信任。就像在律師行工作 以赴 」。 花了很長時間訓練核心肌群，我認有氧 一樣，成功的團隊亦必需共同合作，互 運動對優秀的球員同樣重要。 相支持。 年紀越大，我越認識到思維對體育運動 的影響，當然，體能和技巧亦很重要， 我希望能一下打曲棍球，其他球隊一些 有團隊精神的隊伍令人有歸屬感，與在 但作為一支球隊，球隊的情緒對發揮有 女隊員已50多歲，有一支男子隊的球員 辦公室的互動相似。我喜歡打曲棍球的 很大影響。 已經70多歲。希望我能像他們一樣，一 原因之一，是全神貫注打球時，再沒有 直打球到老！n 空間思考日常生活中的其他煩惱，所以 比賽時抱著正面積極的態度非常重要， 打球可說是紓緩壓力的好工具。在法律 亦要有追求勝利的渴望，球隊的思維方 事業中，這個工具非常重要！ 式對比賽結果和比賽本身也扮演重要角 www.hk-lawyer.org 89 • May 2018 CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞 Guest Lecture on “Back to Basics?” by the Right Honourable Lord Reed The Faculty of Law of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (“CUHK Law”) held a guest lecture entitled “Back to Basics?” which was delivered by the Right Honourable Lord Reed, Justice of The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, at its Graduate Law Centre on 22 March 2018. Professor Christopher Gane, Dean of CUHK Law, presented a The lecture drew a full house of participants including academics, legal souvenir to Lord Reed (right). practitioners, students and members of the public to attend. Encompassing 中大法律學院院長Christopher Gane教授向韋彥德勳爵（右）送贈 various fundamental issues including the essence of law and the role of 紀 念 品。 court in this ever-changing society, the lecture highlighted the recent developments in areas of law such as tort and contract and discussed the ensuing border implications. 英國最高法院法官韋彥德勳爵客座演講 香港中文大學法律學院於2018年3月22日在研究生部舉辦了題 為「回歸基礎？」的客座演講，由英國最高法院法官韋彥德勳 爵擔任講者。 演講吸引了包括學者、法律執業者、學生和公眾人士出席，內 容涵蓋法律的本質及法院在不斷變化的社會的作用等各項基本 The lecture by Lord Reed provoked the rethink of one basic but captivating question – the 問題，探討侵權和合同等法律領域的最新發展，並討論了接下 essence of law. 來的跨國邊界影響。 韋彥德勳爵的演講啟發了重新思考基本問題 －法律的本質。 Asia FDI Forum IV on “Special Economic Zones – Issues 第四屆亞洲外國直接投資論壇「經濟特 and Implications for International Law & Policy” 區的國際法和政策問題及其影響」 Launched by CUHK Law in 2015, the series of Asia FDI (“Foreign Direct 由香港中文大學法律學院於2015年推出的亞洲外商 Investment”) Forum provides a multi-stakeholder platform anchored in Hong 直接投資（FDI）系列論壇，為學術界、政府、私營 Kong for participants from academia, government, the private sector and 機構和民間組織的參與者提供一個以香港為基地的多 civil society to discuss regional investment trends, highlight specific features of investment treaties and policies, analyse Asia’s relationship with other 持份者平台，討論區域投資趨勢、投資條約和政策的 regions of the world, and explore the various legal and policy implications of 具體特點，分析亞洲與世界各地的關係，探討影響亞 the emergence of new actors, issues and norms which shape the future of 洲外商直接投資未來發展的參與者、問題和規範的各 Asia FDI. Themes of the past three Forums were “Sustainable Development 種法律和政策影響。過去三屆論壇的主題分別為「可 and Foreign Investment in Asia”, “China’s Three-Prong Investment Strategy: 持續發展和亞洲的外國投資」、「中國的三方投資戰 Bilateral, Regional, and Global Tracks” and “China-European Union 略：雙邊、區域和全球戰略」和「中歐聯盟的投資關 Investment Relationships: Towards a New Leadership in Global Investment Governance?”. 係 – 邁向全球投資的新領導」。 On 22-23 March 2018, CUHK Law co-organised the Asia FDI Forum IV on 2018年3月22日至23日，中大法律學院與世界經濟 “Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Issues and Implications for International 論壇、上海交通大學凱原法學院及哥倫比亞大學可持 Law & Policy” with the World Economic Forum, KoGuan Law School of 續投資中心聯合主辦了第四屆亞洲外商直接投資論 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Columbia Center on Sustainable 壇，題為「經濟特區的國際法和政策問題及其影響」 Investment. The Forum consisted of six plenary sessions addressing topics 。論壇由6個全體會議組成，主題分別為「全球經濟 90 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CAMPUS VOICES 法 學 院 新 聞 Professor Yan Xu of CUHK Law (left) was leading a discussion with Ms. Chenzhu Wang (right), PhD Candidate of KoGuan Law School of Shanghai Jiao The Asia FDI Forum IV gathered more than 30 prominent local and Professor Julien Chaisse of CUHK Law (first from left) Tong University after the panel presentations on international experts to address issues on the subject and a diverse was chairing the panel session on “Investor-State “SEZs and Economic Transformation”. audience to attend. Arbitration and SEZs-related Disputes”. 中大法律學院許炎教授（左）在專題報告「經濟特區與 第四屆亞洲外商直接投資論壇匯聚了超過30位著名本地和國際專家，探討 中大法律學院夏竹立教授（左一）主持「投資者－國家仲裁 經濟轉型」後，與上海交通大學高級法學院博士生主 該 議 題 的 問 題。 和經濟特區相關爭議」專題討論會。 持討論。 on “Global Experiences with Special Economic Zones”, “Asian Trends in 特區的經驗」、「經濟特區的亞洲趨勢」、「中國與 SEZs”, “China and SEZs: Evolution, Types, and Future Issues”, “SEZs and 經濟特區的演變、類型與未來」、「經濟特區與經濟 Economic Transformation”, “Investor-State Arbitration and SEZs-related 轉型」、「投資者－國家仲裁和經濟特區相關爭議」 Disputes” and “International Trade Disputes (WTO and Commercial 及「國際貿易爭議（WTO和商業仲裁）」，特別關 Arbitration)”, with a special attention to the evolution of SEZs in China, the 注中國經濟特區的演變、它們帶來的挑戰及法律框架 challenges they bring, and how the legal framework can develop. More than 30 prominent local and international academics, legal practitioners, 的何發展。30多個著名本地和國際學者、法律從業人 policy makers and representatives of the private sector gathered to speak 員、政策制定者和私營機構代表齊聚一堂，從經濟、 and share their expertise on SEZs and their interplay with International 政治和法律角度分享他們在經濟特區的經驗及與國際 Investment Law from the economic, political, and legal perspectives. The 投資法的相互作用。論壇吸引了來自香港司法機構、 Forum attracted a diverse audience including members from the judiciary 國際政府部門、傳媒、法律從業人員和學生出席。 of Hong Kong, international ministries, the media, legal practitioners and students to attend. 第四屆亞洲外商直接投資論壇和過往論壇的詳細資料 Details of the Asia FDI Forum IV and past Forums can be found at http:// 可瀏覽：http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/AsiaFDIForumIV www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/AsiaFDIForumIV. Greater China Legal History Seminar on “The Historical 大中華法律史研討會 － 陳磊教授主講「 Development of the Civil Law Tradition in China” by 中國民法傳統的歷史發展」 Professor Lei Chen 於2018年3月16日舉行由香港城市大學法律學院副院 This CPD seminar delivered by Professor Lei Chen, Associate Dean of 長兼中國比較法研究中心主任陳磊教授主講的CPD研討 School of Law and Director of Centre for Chinese and Comparative Law at 會吸引了70多位學者、法律工作者和法律學生出席。 City University of Hong Kong, on 16 March 2018 attracted more than 70 陳教授對中國為何採用大陸法而非普通法進行了有趣 academics, legal practitioners and law students to attend. Professor Chen provided an interesting analysis of why China adopted a civil law system in 的分析，由1986年至21世紀初至今的具體法律，以及 preference to a common law system. He explained the development of the 近期中國民用系統的發展現狀，從而闡釋現代民法體 modern civil law system in China from its starting point in 1986 through the 系在中國的發展。 introduction of specific laws in the early 21st century up to the present day, 有關下期大中華法 and how the civilian system in China will probably develop in the near future. 律史研討會「香港 For information about the next Greater China Legal History seminar of “The 消費者法的歷史」 History of Consumer Law in Hong Kong: Just a Series of Failed Endeavours?” held on 13 April 2018, please visit the CUHK Law website (www.law.cuhk. （2018年4月13 edu.hk). 日）的資料，請訪 問中大法律學院網 站（www.law.cuhk. edu.hk）。 In the seminar, Professor Lei Chen provided an interesting analysis of why China adopted a civil law system in preference to a common law system. 陳磊教授在研討會上對中國為何採用大陸法而非普 通 法 進 行了有 趣 的 分析。 The CPD seminar attracted more than 70 participants to attend. CPD研討會吸引了70多人出席。 www.hk-lawyer.org 91 • May 2018 Upcoming Conferences at CUHK Law 中大法律學院即將舉行的會議 1. Conference on “Directions in Legal Education 2018” (1-2 June 2018) 1.2018年法律教育方向會議（2018 This international conference will bring together experts from academia and practice 年6月1至2日） to explore new pedagogical approaches in legal education and how to better prepare 這個國際會議將匯集來自學術界和法律執業 students for their future legal careers. It will feature keynote speakers namely Professor Paul Maharg, Distinguished Professor of Practice – Legal Education at Osgoode Hall 的專家，探討法律教育的手法及如何更好地 Law School, York University, Toronto and Professor Julian Webb, Professor of Law 為學生未來的法律職業作好準備。主題講者 and Director of the Legal Professions Research Network at Melbourne Law School, 為多倫多約克大學Osgoode Hall法律學院法 the University of Melbourne, alongside educators from law schools across the globe, 律執業教育教授Paul Maharg教授和墨爾本大 practitioners and other interested stakeholders. 學墨爾本法律學院法律教授兼法律專業研究 The conference welcomes participation from the legal professions. Please join by 網絡主任Julian Webb教授。來自全球各地的 registering via http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/T&LConference2018 before 5 pm, 25 May 法律學院的教育工作者、執業者和其他利益 2018. 相關者亦將出席會議。 會議歡迎法律專業人士出席。請於2018年5 月25日下午5時前透過網站http://www.law. cuhk.edu.hk/T&LConference2018報名。 2. The Fifth WINIR Conference on “Institutions and the Future of Global 2.第五屆WINIR大會「制度與全球資 Capitalism” (14-17 September 2018) 本主義的未來」(2018年9月14-17 The 21st century will see major disruptions to the global balance of politico- 日) economic power. China will soon become the world’s largest economy; India 在21世紀，全球的政治經濟力量平衡將受到 is another rising giant. These and other developments – including growing 嚴重干擾。中國快將成為世界上最大的經濟 inequality in several major economies – contest the Western institutional model of economic development and mount new institutional challenges at the global 體，而印度是另一個新興巨人。加上其他發 level. There is a recognised need for new or enhanced international orders, to 展，包括幾個主要經濟體的不平等加劇，正 sustain peace and international trade, as well as to address the problem of climate 在挑戰西方經濟發展的制度模式，全球出現 change. Meanwhile, an extended period of global integration has fuelled local 對體制的新挑戰，有需要新的或加強的國際 discontent and led to a rise of nationalism and separatism. The international 秩序以維持和平與國際貿易，解決氣候變化 challenges of the 21st century place institutional development and reform at the 問題。與此同時，全球一體化進程的延展引 top of the agenda. 發了本地的不滿，導致了民族主義和分裂主 The Fifth WINIR (“World Interdisciplinary Network for Institutional Research”) 義的抬頭。21世紀對制度發展和改革的國際 Conference on “Institutions and the Future of Global Capitalism” jointly organised 挑戰是當前要務。 by WINIR and CUHK Law on 14-17 September 2018 will explore these institutional challenges. For WINIR（World Interdisciplinary Network for further details, Institutional Research）與香港中文大學將於 please refer to 2018年9月14日至17日合辦第五屆WINIR大 the CUHK Law 會「制度與全球資本主義的未來」，探討這 website (www. 些制度挑戰。詳情請瀏覽中大法律學院網站 law.cuhk.edu. （www.law.cuhk.edu.hk）。 hk). 92 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CAMPUS VOICES 法 學 院 新 聞 城大法律學院舉行晚宴慶祝學院成 立三十週年 The School of Law marked its 30th Anniversary with a Gala Dinner Celebration 城大法律學院於2018年3月3日晚上，假香港怡 To celebrate the 30th Anniversary of its establishment, the School of Law of City 東酒店舉行學院成立三十週年晚宴。香港社會 University of Hong Kong (“CityU”) held its Gala Dinner at The Excelsior, Hong Kong 法律界人士、城大師生、校友等共聚一堂，共 on 3 March 2018. Legal Professions in Hong Kong, academic staff, students and 襄盛舉。 alumni from City University gathered to share the joyful moments of this special 賀嘉倫院長首先歡迎在座各位嘉賓、校友一同 occasion. 參與這個盛會。回憶起自己加入法律學院之 The Gala Dinner was kicked off by the welcome speech of School Dean, Professor Geraint HOWELLS. Professor Howells first welcomed all officiating guests and 時，已經很欣賞她在學術上的創新。近年來， alumni who participated in this event. He recalled how he was impressed by the 學院還開設中國法官課程系列、法律實踐課 incredible creativity of the School of Law when he first joined the School. “In recent 程、聯合學位課程等等。其中，中國法官課程 years, the School of Law offers a wide range of legal programmes including Chinese 更是普通法和中國法之間的橋樑，積極促進兩 Judges Programme, legal placement course and professional development training, 地法制異同的認識和理解。城大法律學院擁有 joint degree programme and etc. For the Chinese Judges Programme, we see 國際化的師資，並以服務香港社會為任務，力 ourselves with a mission to act as a bridge between common law and Chinese law and promote the understanding of similarities and differences between the two legal 求在教育和研究方面保持領先。賀院長亦為法 systems. Generations of staff have all shared the same dedication to contribute to 律學院的學生、校友在國際賽事、論文發表及 Hong Kong and make evert joint effort to stay ahead of education and research in 專業服務領域的突出成就感到自豪。 Hong Kong.” he said. Professor Howells is very proud of the students and alumni 終審法院首席法官馬道立致辭時，祝賀了法律 for their regular success in international competitions, their enterprise in seeking to publish their work and their achievement in working at high levels of the professions. 學院成立三十週年之外，還表示，香港是世界 The Honourable Chief Justice Geoffrey MA congratulated the School of Law on its 公認的普通法地區；香港的法官、律師以及法 30th Anniversary. He stated that Hong Kong is firmly recognized as an established 律教育的水平令香港法治能夠在國際上享有良 common law jurisdiction. Judges, lawyers and the level of legal education in Hong 好的聲譽。回顧過往，在每一次挑戰面前，香 Kong have made up a good reputation of our legal system, which is internationally 港都能全力以赴，戰勝困難。目前香港法治面 respected. Recalling the past, Hong Kong have gone all out to overcome the 對的問題需要我們的法律人士一同去解決。法 challenges and difficulties encountered. At present, the challenges faced by the rule 律的質量、法律機構的獨立性、法律及法律精 of law in Hong Kong requires the concerted effort of all legal professions to deal with. The quality of the law, the independence of the judiciary, the application of the legal 神的應用以及對人權的認可和尊重是法治的根 system and the spirit of law and the recognition and respect for individual rights are 本；以上四個概念，每一個人都應當有所了 fundamental to the rule of law. Chief Justice Geoffrey MA emphasized that every one 解。 of us should have the obligation to understand these four important principles of law. 郭位校長向馬道立法官致贈《法律學院三十週 As a token of appreciation, CityU President Professor Way KUO presented the 年紀念冊》以作留念，並在台上向在座嘉賓致 “School of Law 30th Anniversary Commemorative Book” to Chief Justice Geoffrey MA and delivered his vote of thanks to the distinguished guests. He thanked all sectors 謝辭。他感謝社會各界對城大及城大法律學院 of the community for their continuous support to CityU and the School of Law. 一貫的支持。 The Law School Alumni Association, CityU had also arranged a wonderful magic 在法律學院校友會的精心安排下，法律學院的 th show and singing performance to congratulate the School of Law on its 30 學生及校友還為現場嘉賓表演了精彩的魔術及 Anniversary. 歌唱。 At last, we wish the School of Law a happy 30th birthday; may the School keep up the good work and strive for greater success in the future. 最後，再次祝城大法律學院三十週年生日快 樂，祝願她的未來更加桃李滿門、碩果纍纍。 www.hk-lawyer.org 93 • May 2018 HKU launches Asia’s First FinTech Online Course 香港大學推出亞洲首個金融科技線上課程 The University of Hong Kong (HKU), along with collaborators 香港大學與SuperCharger、數碼港、CFTE、新南威爾 SuperCharger, Cyberport, CFTE, UNSW Sydney, Microsoft and ACMI, is 斯大學、微軟和ACMI合作，推出亞洲首個金融科技 delighted to launch the Asia’s first FinTech MOOC (Massive Open Online MOOC課程（大規模網路公開課程Massive Open Online Course). The course “Introduction to FinTech” (https://www.edx.org/ course/introduction-to-fintech) is a six-week online course on Financial Course）。為期六週的金融科技線上課程「金融科技 Technology, providing a foundational understanding of the forces that are 簡介」（https://www.edx.org/course/introduction- shaping the world of financial services. At the opening of its innovation to-fintech），為塑造金融服務世界的力量提供基礎了 lab eXellerator on 16 April 2018, Standard Chartered announced its plan 解。渣打銀行的創新實驗室eXellerator於2018年4月16 to purchase at least 1000 MOOCs for its internal FinTech training. 日開幕，宣佈為其內部金融科技培訓購買至少1000個 The original idea came from discussions among Douglas Arner (Kerry MOOC。 Holdings Professor in Law, HKU), Janos Barberis (HKU PhD student and founder of one of Asia’s leading FinTech accelerators, SuperCharger) and 課程概念來自Douglas Arner（港大嘉里基金法學教 Huy Nguyen Trieu (CEO of the Disruptive Group and Co-Founder of the 授）、Janos Barberis（港大博士生兼亞洲領先金融 Centre for Finance, Technology and Entrepreneurship). The course will 技術加速器之一SuperCharger創辦人）和Huy Nguyen cover: an introduction to FinTech; payment and infrastructure; traditional Trieu（Disruptive Group行政總裁兼Centre for Finance, and alternative finance; data analytics, AI and monetization; RegTech; and customer interface; and is taught by a combination of academic and Technology and Entrepreneurship創辦人之一），將 practitioners as well as feature prominent guest speakers to illustrate the 包括金融科技簡介、支付和基礎設施、傳統和另類金 content with practical business examples. 融、數據分析、人工智能和貨幣化、RegTech和客戶界 面，由學術和從業 人員共同授課，並 會邀請演講嘉賓， 以實際商業案例闡 釋課程內容。 Professor Douglas Arner at the HKU FinTech Day (30th Oct 2017) announcing the MOOC. Douglas Arner教授在港大金融科技日（2017年10月30日）宣佈推出MOOC。 Group picture at the Standard Chartered eXellerator Innovation Lab opening where Professor Ian Holliday represented the University as an honored guest. 何立仁教授代表港大出席渣打銀行創新實驗室eXellerator的開幕禮。 94 www.hk-lawyer.org May 2018 • CAMPUS VOICES 法 學 院 新 聞 HKU’s Success in the Herbert Smith Freehills HKU Competition Law Moot Team: Competition Law Moot and the Philip C. Jessup 港大競爭法模擬法庭隊伍： International Law Moot Court Competition Continuing its success in the Herbert Smith Freehills Competition Law Moot hosted by King’s College London from June 2017, the HKU Moot Team was awarded Top 1st Oralist in the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition held in Washington D.C. in April 2018. The 2017 Competition Law Moot Team consisted of Lam Yi Yeung (PCLL), Lee Pui Yin Grace (PCLL), Fan Yu Wing Brian (LLB) and Suhail Bindra (LLB), who were coached by Mr Thomas Cheng and Mr Kelvin Kwok. The Team won the First Place in oral finals in London and took home three oralist awards for its sound performance in the preliminary rounds. The HKU Jessup Team this year consists of 5 PCLL students – Ko Left to right: Lam Yi Yeung, Brian Fan, Thomas Cheng, Grace Lee and Suhail Bindra Lun Jason, Lee Chun-Hin Brian, Sat Sakinah, So Tsz Ching Natalie, 左至右：Lam Yi Yeung、Brian Fan、Thomas Cheng、Grace Lee 及Suhail Bindra and Sum Hiu-Yan Michelle. In February 2018, the Team captured the Hong Kong Regional Champion, together with the Best Memorial Prizes for both Applicant and Respondent. In April 2018, the Team HKU Jessup Team: represented Hong Kong in the Washington DC international rounds. 港大Jessup隊伍： The Team won all 4 preliminary rounds and ranked 11th out of 121 teams. The Team later lost to United States in the advanced rounds. The Faculty is delighted that Natalie So, Brian Lee, and Jason Ko ranked 1st, 17th and 75th respectively in the International Rounds Top 100 Oralists. Congratulations go to all team members. The Faculty would like to express its sincere gratitude to the coaches, the guest judges and all those who supported the HKU moot teams. 大在Herbert Smith Freehills競爭法模擬法庭比賽 及Philip C. Jessup國際法模擬法庭比賽取得佳績 繼2017年6月在倫敦國王學院主辦的Herbert Smith Freehills 競爭法模 From left: Sakinah Sat, Natalie So, Jason Ko, Michelle Sum, and Brian Lee 擬法庭比賽取得佳績後，香港大學模擬法庭隊於2018年4月在華盛頓 左起：Sakinah Sat、Natalie So、Jason Ko、Michelle Sum及Brian Lee 舉行的Philip C. Jessup國際法模擬法庭比賽中榮獲訟辯員第一名。 2017年競爭法模擬法庭隊由Lam Yi Yeung (PCLL)、Lee Pui Yin Grace (PCLL)、Fan Yu Wing Brian (LLB)和Suhail Bindra (LLB)組成，由 Thomas Cheng先生和Kelvin Kwok先生負責指導。該隊在倫敦的訟辯 決賽取得第一名，並在預賽中獲得了三項訟辯獎。 香港大學今年的Jessup隊伍由5名PCLL學生組成，包括Ko Lun Jason、Lee Chun-Hin Brian、Sat Sakinah、So Tsz Ching Natalie和Sum Hiu-Yan Michelle。2018年2月，該隊獲得了香港區域冠軍，以及申請 人及辯方最佳書面陳述獎。2018年4月，該隊代表香港參加華盛頓國 際巡迴賽，贏得全部4輪初賽，在121支參賽隊伍中排名第11，後來 在高級賽中敗於美國隊。該學院很高興Natalie So、Brian Lee和Jason Ko在國際回合100強訟辯者中分別排名第1、第17和第75。 From left: Coach Ms Astina Au, Jason Ko, Natalie So, Brian Lee, Michelle Sum, and Sakinah Sat 祝賀所有隊員。學院衷心感謝導師、客座評審和所有支持香港大學模 左起：導師Ms Astina Au、Jason Ko、Natalie So、Brian Lee、Michelle Sum及 擬法庭隊的人士。 Sakinah Sat www.hk-lawyer.org 95 SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT LEGAL IN SPECIALISTS SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT PRIVATE PRACTICE PRIVATE COMMERCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL team the Meet Meet the team FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRIVATE PRACTICE Michael Page Legal services major corporates, international and leading local law firms, as well as financial services institutions on a global scale. Our consultants are are consultants Our scale. global a on institutions services financial as well as firms, law local leading and international corporates, major services Legal Page Michael Michael Page Legal services major corporates, international and leading local law firms, as well as financial services institutions on a global scale. Our consultants are strategically specialised in focusing on legal recruitment for different aspects of the job function and industry, diversifying and maximising our recruitment coverage coverage recruitment our maximising and diversifying industry, and function job the of aspects different for recruitment legal on focusing in specialised strategically strategically specialised in focusing on legal recruitment for different aspects of the job function and industry, diversifying and maximising our recruitment coverage Litigation Partner Partner Litigation and Counsel General / Banking Private Legal. of Heads and Partners to Counsels, Legal Junior and Associates from levels all across candidates placed successfully have We team. a as as a team. We have successfully placed candidates across all levels from Associates and Junior Legal Counsels, to Partners and Heads of Legal. Private Banking / General Counsel and Litigation Partner 10+ PQE PQE 10+ › Secretary Company Named Lawyer Management Wealth Wealth Management Lawyer Named Company Secretary › 10+ PQE International Law Firm Firm Law International › PQE 8+ › PQE 10+ › › 10+ PQE › 8+ PQE › International Law Firm A well-known international law firm is now seeking seeking now is firm law international well-known A Company Listed Board GEM › Bank Reputable › › Reputable Bank › GEM Board Listed Company A well-known international law firm is now seeking partner candidates for their Hong Kong office. The The office. Kong Hong their for candidates partner partner candidates for their Hong Kong office. 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This is an Executive Director level role Counsel, you will report to the Chairman and the Board applicant’s existing practice, the role should focus on commercial and contractual disputes, shareholders shareholders disputes, contractual and commercial corporate the with closely work will You Directors. of a with Legal, of Director Managing the into reporting Corporate House In Services Financial Financial Services In House Corporate reporting into the Managing Director of Legal, with a of Directors. You will work closely with the corporate commercial and contractual disputes, shareholders strategy team to provide legal advice on investments investments on advice legal provide to team strategy provide will You counsel. level mid a of report direct direct report of a mid level counsel. You will provide strategy team to provide legal advice on investments disputes as well as regulatory investigations. 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You will be a steady flow of litigation work, candidates with existing existing with candidates work, litigation of flow steady a linkedin.com/in/tangserena linkedin.com/in/olgayung linkedin.com/in/olgayung linkedin.com/in/tangserena a steady flow of litigation work, candidates with existing book of business are encouraged to apply. Excellent Excellent apply. to encouraged are business of book and rule listing to compliance ensuring for responsible terms drafting, mandate after look documents, related related documents, look after mandate drafting, terms responsible for ensuring compliance to listing rule and book of business are encouraged to apply. Excellent English and Mandarin are a must. Ref: 3988849 Ref: must. a are Mandarin and English small a supervise and requirements statutory relevant will You work. advisory other in partake and negotiations negotiations and partake in other advisory work. You will relevant statutory requirements and supervise a small English and Mandarin are a must. Ref: 3988849 qualified team to manage the full range of company company of range full the manage to team qualified such products PB with familiarity with lawyer senior a be be a senior lawyer with familiarity with PB products such qualified team to manage the full range of company secretarial work including the preparation of board board of preparation the including work secretarial products, RMB finance, structured derivatives, OTC as as OTC derivatives, structured finance, RMB products, secretarial work including the preparation of board minutes, interim and annual reports etc.. You should should You etc.. reports annual and interim minutes, bank private supported having ideally solutions, lending lending solutions, ideally having supported private bank minutes, interim and annual reports etc.. You should be a Hong Kong qualified solicitor with at least 8 years’ years’ 8 least at with solicitor qualified Kong Hong a be Fluency past. the in businesses management wealth / / wealth management businesses in the past. Fluency be a Hong Kong qualified solicitor with at least 8 years’ PQE with relevant experience. Fluency in Mandarin is is Mandarin in Fluency experience. relevant with PQE is Mandarin conversational and Cantonese English, in in English, Cantonese and conversational Mandarin is PQE with relevant experience. Fluency in Mandarin is required. Ref: 3990419 Ref: required. 3974145 Ref: required. required. Ref: 3974145 required. Ref: 3990419 Wang Tina Verderosa Marta Marta Verderosa Tina Wang Corporate Finance – Counsel – Finance Corporate Counsel Corporate Lawyer Capital Venture / Equity Private Consultant, Managing Manager, Manager, Managing Consultant, Private Equity / Venture Capital Lawyer Corporate Counsel Corporate Finance – Counsel In-House Corporate In-House Practice Private Private Practice In-House Corporate 7 -12 PQE PQE -12 7 › PQE + 5 › PQE 7+ › › 7+ PQE › 5 + PQE › 7 -12 PQE HK Law Firm Firm Law HK › Group Energy Listed › Platform FinTech Reputable › [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] › Reputable FinTech Platform › Listed Energy Group › HK Law Firm 9561 2848 +852 4794 2848 +852 +852 2848 4794 +852 2848 9561 A large Hong Kong law firm is now hiring a Counsel or a or Counsel a hiring now is firm law Kong Hong large A with group education growing fast a is client Our parent reputable a with firm FinTech growing A linkedin.com/in/tinawangcpa linkedin.com/in/martaverderosa linkedin.com/in/martaverderosa linkedin.com/in/tinawangcpa A growing FinTech firm with a reputable parent Our client is a fast growing education group with A large Hong Kong law firm is now hiring a Counsel or a The division. Finance Corporate the manage to Partner expansion, business to Due Pacific. Asia in operations join to counsel group a on take to seeking is company company is seeking to take on a group counsel to join operations in Asia Pacific. Due to business expansion, Partner to manage the Corporate Finance division. The firm already has three partners with significant books of books significant with partners three has already firm to lawyer experienced an for looking now are they the to Reporting lawyers. 3 of team legal existing the the existing legal team of 3 lawyers. Reporting to the they are now looking for an experienced lawyer to firm already has three partners with significant books of solicitor senior another for looking are they and business will You level. holding the at function legal their join with team knit tight a in work will you Counsel, General General Counsel, you will work in a tight knit team with join their legal function at the holding level. 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In this leadership role you will manage IPO projects and and projects IPO manage will you role leadership M&A corporate to relating matters legal handling for and funds to exposure some with deals, financing and and financing deals, with some exposure to funds and for handling legal matters relating to corporate M&A leadership role you will manage IPO projects and other transactions as well as manage a team of ten ten of team a manage as well as transactions other of management compliance, rule listing transactions, possess will candidate ideal The work. capital venture venture capital work. The ideal candidate will possess transactions, listing rule compliance, management of other transactions as well as manage a team of ten including trainees and associates. The position can can position The associates. and trainees including legal provide and regulators, and counsels external qualified, law common being PQE years’ 7 least at at least 7 years’ PQE being common law qualified, external counsels and regulators, and provide legal including trainees and associates. The position can offer partnership (or partnership track) and long term term long and track) partnership (or partnership offer be will candidate successful The business. the to advice results being experience, financing / PE strong with with strong PE / financing experience, being results advice to the business. The successful candidate will be offer partnership (or partnership track) and long term progression within the firm. No book of business is is business of book No firm. the within progression qualification. PRC or Kong Hong with lawyer PQE 5+ a is efficiently and independently work to Ability driven. driven. Ability to work independently and efficiently is a 5+ PQE lawyer with Hong Kong or PRC qualification. progression within the firm. No book of business is required. Ref: 3990953 Ref: required. in-house some with training firm law International / Cantonese / English in skills language Excellent key. Li Sabina Butt Kamil Kamil Butt Sabina Li key. Excellent language skills in English / Cantonese / International law firm training with some in-house required. Ref: 3990953 experience in listed companies preferred. Strong Strong preferred. companies listed in experience to passion a and required, is Mandarin conversational Consultant, Senior Consultant, Senior Senior Consultant, Senior Consultant, conversational Mandarin is required, and a passion to experience in listed companies preferred. Strong language skills in both written and spoken Mandarin Mandarin spoken and written both in skills language a is challenge appreciate to as well as house in work work in house as well as to appreciate challenge is a language skills in both written and spoken Mandarin Chinese and English is required. Ref: 3989169 Ref: required. is English and Chinese 3991111 Ref: plus. Support Legal Practice Private Private Practice Legal Support plus. Ref: 3991111 Chinese and English is required. Ref: 3989169 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 2480 3602 +852 4798 2848 +852 +852 2848 4798 +852 3602 2480 linkedin.com/in/sabinali linkedin.com/in/kamilbutt linkedin.com/in/kamilbutt linkedin.com/in/sabinali Corporate Associate Associate Corporate Counsel Legal Lawyer M&A / Funds Funds / M&A Lawyer Legal Counsel Corporate Associate 4+ PQE PQE 4+ › PQE + 4 › PQE 8 – 3 › › 3 – 8 PQE › 4 + PQE › 4+ PQE US Law Firm Firm Law US › Industry FMCG the in MNC › Fund Equity Private › › Private Equity Fund › MNC in the FMCG Industry › US Law Firm Our client is currently looking for an outstanding Associate Associate outstanding an for looking currently is client Our offices with brand FMCG reputable a is client Our seeking is billion US$10 over of AUM with equity private A A private equity with AUM of over US$10 billion is seeking Our client is a reputable FMCG brand with offices Our client is currently looking for an outstanding Associate to join its leading corporate practice in Hong Kong. They They Kong. Hong in practice corporate leading its join to an for looking currently are They globe. the around Kong Hong the join to counsel legal additional an for for an additional legal counsel to join the Hong Kong around the globe. They are currently looking for an to join its leading corporate practice in Hong Kong. They would like candidates with stronger experience in M&A M&A in experience stronger with candidates like would China Greater their after look to counsel in-house the to report will You role. created newly a being office, office, being a newly created role. You will report to the in-house counsel to look after their Greater China would like candidates with stronger experience in M&A transactional work, with a smaller emphasis on IPO and and IPO on emphasis smaller a with work, transactional Manager General the to reporting be will You operation. as team small a in work and Counsel General existing existing General Counsel and work in a small team as operation. You will be reporting to the General Manager transactional work, with a smaller emphasis on IPO and general corporate compliance work. You will be advising advising be will You work. compliance corporate general Regional the to report functionally and region the of equity private and funds on focus a with office, as well Cheung Chrystal Tennent Soraya Soraya Tennent Chrystal Cheung well as office, with a focus on funds and private equity of the region and functionally report to the Regional general corporate compliance work. You will be advising leading property developers, investment banks and and banks investment developers, property leading business supporting for responsible be will You Counsel. exposure gain also will you team, lean a is it As matters. Consultant, Consultant, matters. As it is a lean team, you will also gain exposure Counsel. You will be responsible for supporting business leading property developers, investment banks and corporate clients, with the opportunity to grow these client client these grow to opportunity the with clients, corporate limited not but including matters legal daily on units and China their across work management stakeholder to Consultant, Associate Associate Consultant, to stakeholder management work across their China and units on daily legal matters including but not limited corporate clients, with the opportunity to grow these client relationships. The ideal candidate will have at least 4 years’ years’ 4 least at have will candidate ideal The relationships. commercial negotiating and reviewing drafting, to which matters hoc ad any as well as offices, overseas Support Legal Support Legal Legal Support Legal Support overseas offices, as well as any ad hoc matters which to drafting, reviewing and negotiating commercial relationships. The ideal candidate will have at least 4 years’ PQE with solid hands-on experience. This person will need need will person This experience. hands-on solid with PQE liaising business, the to training providing contracts, at possess will candidate ideal The way. your come may may come your way. The ideal candidate will possess at contracts, providing training to the business, liaising PQE with solid hands-on experience. This person will need [email protected] [email protected] to have strong communication ability with good levels of of levels good with ability communication strong have to legal other and regulators and counsels external with be without, if or exposure, funds with PQE years’ 3 least [email protected] [email protected] least 3 years’ PQE with funds exposure, or if without, be with external counsels and regulators and other legal to have strong communication ability with good levels of 4795 2848 +852 +852 2848 4795 Mandarin and English. This firm encourages organic career career organic encourages firm This English. and Mandarin lawyer PQE 4+ a be will candidate ideal The matters. interest keen with lawyer PE / M&A corporate seasoned a 4792 2848 +852 +852 2848 4792 a seasoned corporate M&A / PE lawyer with keen interest matters. The ideal candidate will be a 4+ PQE lawyer Mandarin and English. This firm encourages organic career linkedin.com/in/sorayatennent linkedin.com/in/sorayatennent them. with develop to looking those for development international qualification; PRC or Kong Hong with will candidate ideal The work. new up pick to and learn to linkedin.com/in/chrystal-cheung linkedin.com/in/chrystal-cheung to learn and to pick up new work. The ideal candidate will with Hong Kong or PRC qualification; international development for those looking to develop with them. Ref: 3981929 Ref: large from experience in-house with trained firm law handling of flexibility the with hands-on and mature be be mature and hands-on with the flexibility of handling law firm trained with in-house experience from large Ref: 3981929 is languages Chinese and English both in Fluency MNCs. and English in skills language Strong work. of variety a a variety of work. Strong language skills in English and MNCs. Fluency in both English and Chinese languages is required. Ref: 3982770 Ref: required. 3963724 Ref: required. (spoken) Chinese Chinese (spoken) required. Ref: 3963724 required. Ref: 3982770 quoting the reference number or contact our consultants. our contact or number reference the quoting www.michaelpage.com.hk visit apply, To To apply, visit www.michaelpage.com.hk quoting the reference number or contact our consultants. Specialists in legal recruitment legal in Specialists Specialists in legal recruitment www.michaelpage.com.hk Legal Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk Specialists in legal recruitment www.michaelpage.com.hk To apply, visit quoting the reference number or contact our consultants. Chinese (spoken) required. Ref: 3963724 required. Ref: 3982770 a variety of work. Strong language skills in English and MNCs. Fluency in both English and Chinese languages is be mature and hands-on with the flexibility of handling law firm trained with in-house experience from large Ref: 3981929 to learn and to pick up new work. The ideal candidate will with Hong Kong or PRC qualification; international development for those looking to develop with them. linkedin.com/in/chrystal-cheung linkedin.com/in/sorayatennent a seasoned corporate M&A / PE lawyer with keen interest matters. The ideal candidate will be a 4+ PQE lawyer Mandarin and English. This firm encourages organic career +852 2848 4792 +852 2848 4795 least 3 years’ PQE with funds exposure, or if without, be with external counsels and regulators and other legal to have strong communication ability with good levels of [email protected] may come your way. The ideal candidate will possess at contracts, providing training to the business, liaising PQE with solid hands-on experience. This person will need Legal Support overseas offices, as well as any ad hoc matters which to drafting, reviewing and negotiating commercial relationships. The ideal candidate will have at least 4 years’ Legal Support to stakeholder management work across their China and units on daily legal matters including but not limited corporate clients, with the opportunity to grow these client Associate Consultant, Consultant, matters. As it is a lean team, you will also gain exposure Counsel. You will be responsible for supporting business leading property developers, investment banks and Chrystal Cheung well as office, with a focus on funds and private equity of the region and functionally report to the Regional general corporate compliance work. You will be advising Soraya Tennent existing General Counsel and work in a small team as operation. You will be reporting to the General Manager transactional work, with a smaller emphasis on IPO and office, being a newly created role. You will report to the in-house counsel to look after their Greater China would like candidates with stronger experience in M&A for an additional legal counsel to join the Hong Kong around the globe. They are currently looking for an to join its leading corporate practice in Hong Kong. They A private equity with AUM of over US$10 billion is seeking Our client is a reputable FMCG brand with offices Our client is currently looking for an outstanding Associate › Private Equity Fund › MNC in the FMCG Industry › US Law Firm › 3 – 8 PQE › 4 + PQE › 4+ PQE Funds / M&A Lawyer Legal Counsel Corporate Associate linkedin.com/in/kamilbutt linkedin.com/in/sabinali +852 2848 4798 +852 3602 2480 [email protected] [email protected] plus. Ref: 3991111 Chinese and English is required. Ref: 3989169 Legal Support Private Practice work in house as well as to appreciate challenge is a language skills in both written and spoken Mandarin Senior Consultant, Senior Consultant, conversational Mandarin is required, and a passion to experience in listed companies preferred. Strong key. Excellent language skills in English / Cantonese / International law firm training with some in-house required. Ref: 3990953 Kamil Butt Sabina Li driven. Ability to work independently and efficiently is a 5+ PQE lawyer with Hong Kong or PRC qualification. progression within the firm. No book of business is with strong PE / financing experience, being results advice to the business. The successful candidate will be offer partnership (or partnership track) and long term at least 7 years’ PQE being common law qualified, external counsels and regulators, and provide legal including trainees and associates. The position can venture capital work. The ideal candidate will possess transactions, listing rule compliance, management of other transactions as well as manage a team of ten and financing deals, with some exposure to funds and for handling legal matters relating to corporate M&A leadership role you will manage IPO projects and a focus in leading transactions including private equity be reporting to the Chairman and be responsible to take a on a hands-on managerial role. In this General Counsel, you will work in a tight knit team with join their legal function at the holding level. You will business and they are looking for another senior solicitor the existing legal team of 3 lawyers. Reporting to the they are now looking for an experienced lawyer to firm already has three partners with significant books of company is seeking to take on a group counsel to join operations in Asia Pacific. Due to business expansion, Partner to manage the Corporate Finance division. The A growing FinTech firm with a reputable parent Our client is a fast growing education group with A large Hong Kong law firm is now hiring a Counsel or a linkedin.com/in/tinawangcpa linkedin.com/in/martaverderosa +852 2848 9561 +852 2848 4794 › Reputable FinTech Platform › Listed Energy Group › HK Law Firm [email protected] [email protected] › 7+ PQE › 5 + PQE › 7 -12 PQE In-House Corporate Private Practice Private Equity / Venture Capital Lawyer Corporate Counsel Corporate Finance – Counsel Managing Consultant, Manager, Tina Wang Marta Verderosa required. Ref: 3974145 required. Ref: 3990419 in English, Cantonese and conversational Mandarin is PQE with relevant experience. Fluency in Mandarin is / wealth management businesses in the past. Fluency be a Hong Kong qualified solicitor with at least 8 years’ lending solutions, ideally having supported private bank minutes, interim and annual reports etc.. You should as OTC derivatives, structured finance, RMB products, secretarial work including the preparation of board be a senior lawyer with familiarity with PB products such qualified team to manage the full range of company English and Mandarin are a must. Ref: 3988849 negotiations and partake in other advisory work. You will relevant statutory requirements and supervise a small book of business are encouraged to apply. Excellent related documents, look after mandate drafting, terms responsible for ensuring compliance to listing rule and linkedin.com/in/olgayung linkedin.com/in/tangserena a steady flow of litigation work, candidates with existing implementation and execution, where you will review all acquisition and development in China. You will be +852 2848 4791 +852 3412 4810 the firm’s existing and well established practices ensure legal advice to the business and support on project and corporate transactions particularly around land [email protected] [email protected] disputes as well as regulatory investigations. Although direct report of a mid level counsel. You will provide strategy team to provide legal advice on investments commercial and contractual disputes, shareholders reporting into the Managing Director of Legal, with a of Directors. You will work closely with the corporate Financial Services In House Corporate applicant’s existing practice, the role should focus on outs over 2018. This is an Executive Director level role Counsel, you will report to the Chairman and the Board Regional Director, Associate Director, non-contentious work. Though flexible based on the business, in anticipation of some new project roll headquarters in Mainland China. As the General diversified experience ideally in both contentious and a seasoned lawyer to support their private banking in on the Hong Kong GEM board with operational Olga Yung Serena Tang ideal candidate is a senior Hong Kong solicitor with A reputable and global investment bank is seeking for Our client is an industry leader and a company listed partner candidates for their Hong Kong office. The A well-known international law firm is now seeking › Reputable Bank › GEM Board Listed Company › 10+ PQE › 8+ PQE › International Law Firm › 10+ PQE Wealth Management Lawyer Named Company Secretary Private Banking / General Counsel and Litigation Partner as a team. We have successfully placed candidates across all levels from Associates and Junior Legal Counsels, to Partners and Heads of Legal. strategically specialised in focusing on legal recruitment for different aspects of the job function and industry, diversifying and maximising our recruitment coverage Michael Page Legal services major corporates, international and leading local law firms, as well as financial services institutions on a global scale. Our consultants are FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRIVATE PRACTICE Meet the team SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT SPECIALISTSSPECIALISTS IN IN LEGAL LEGAL RECRUITMENT RECRUITMENT MeetMeet the the team team FINANCIALFINANCIAL SERVICES SERVICES COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL PRIVATEPRIVATE PRACTICE PRACTICE MichaelMichael Page Page Legal Legal services services major major corporates, corporates, international international and andleading leading local local law firms,law firms, as wellas aswell financial as financial services services institutions institutions on a globalon a global scale. scale. Our consultantsOur consultants are are strategicallystrategically specialised specialised in focusing in focusing on legal on legal recruitment recruitment for different for different aspects aspects of the of jobthe functionjob function and andindustry, industry, diversifying diversifying and andmaximising maximising our recruitmentour recruitment coverage coverage as aas team. a team. We haveWe have successfully successfully placed placed candidates candidates across across all levels all levels from from Associates Associates and andJunior Junior Legal Legal Counsels, Counsels, to Partners to Partners and andHeads Heads of Legal. of Legal. PrivatePrivate Banking Banking / / GeneralGeneral Counsel Counsel and and LitigationLitigation Partner Partner WealthWealth Management Management Lawyer Lawyer NamedNamed Company Company Secretary Secretary › 10+› PQE10+ PQE › 10+› PQE10+ PQE › 8+ ›PQE 8+ PQE › International› International Law LawFirm Firm › Reputable› Reputable Bank Bank › GEM› GEMBoard Board Listed Listed Company Company A well-knownA well-known international international law firm law firmis now is seekingnow seeking partnerpartner candidates candidates for their for theirHong Hong Kong Kong office. office. The The A reputableA reputable and globaland global investment investment bank bank is seeking is seeking for for Our clientOur client is an isindustry an industry leader leader and aand company a company listed listed idealideal candidate candidate is a senior is a senior Hong Hong Kong Kong solicitor solicitor with with OlgaOlga Yung Yung SerenaSerena Tang Tang a seasoneda seasoned lawyer lawyer to support to support their theirprivate private banking banking in onin the on Hong the Hong Kong Kong GEM GEM board board with withoperational operational diversifieddiversified experience experience ideally ideally in both in bothcontentious contentious and and RegionalRegional Director, Director, AssociateAssociate Director, Director, business,business, in anticipation in anticipation of some of some new newproject project roll roll headquartersheadquarters in Mainland in Mainland China. China. As the As General the General non-contentiousnon-contentious work. work. Though Though flexible flexible based based on the on the outs outsover over2018. 2018. This Thisis an isExecutive an Executive Director Director level levelrole role Counsel,Counsel, you willyou report will report to the to Chairman the Chairman and theand Board the Board applicant’sapplicant’s existing existing practice, practice, the role the shouldrole should focus focus on on FinancialFinancial Services Services In HouseIn House Corporate Corporate reportingreporting into theinto Managing the Managing Director Director of Legal, of Legal, with witha a of Directors.of Directors. You willYou work will work closely closely with withthe corporate the corporate commercialcommercial and contractualand contractual disputes, disputes, shareholders shareholders directdirect report report of a midof a levelmid levelcounsel. counsel. You willYou provide will provide strategystrategy team team to provide to provide legal legal advice advice on investments on investments [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk disputesdisputes as well as aswell regulatory as regulatory investigations. investigations. Although Although legallegal advice advice to the to business the business and supportand support on project on project and corporateand corporate transactions transactions particularly particularly around around land land +852+852 2848 2848 4791 4791 +852+852 3412 3412 4810 4810 the firm’sthe firm’s existing existing and andwell establishedwell established practices practices ensure ensure implementationimplementation and execution,and execution, where where you willyou review will review all all acquisitionacquisition and developmentand development in China. in China. You willYou be will be linkedin.com/in/olgayunglinkedin.com/in/olgayung linkedin.com/in/tangserenalinkedin.com/in/tangserena a steadya steady flow flow of litigation of litigation work, work,candidates candidates with existingwith existing relatedrelated documents, documents, look lookafter aftermandate mandate drafting, drafting, terms terms responsibleresponsible for ensuring for ensuring compliance compliance to listing to listing rule andrule and bookbook of business of business are encouraged are encouraged to apply. to apply. Excellent Excellent negotiationsnegotiations and partakeand partake in other in other advisory advisory work. work. You willYou will relevantrelevant statutory statutory requirements requirements and superviseand supervise a small a small EnglishEnglish and Mandarinand Mandarin are a are must. a must. Ref: 3988849Ref: 3988849 be a besenior a senior lawyer lawyer with withfamiliarity familiarity with withPB products PB products such such qualifiedqualified team team to manage to manage the full the range full range of company of company as OTCas OTCderivatives, derivatives, structured structured finance, finance, RMB RMBproducts, products, secretarialsecretarial work work including including the preparation the preparation of board of board lendinglending solutions, solutions, ideally ideally having having supported supported private private bank bank minutes,minutes, interim interim and annualand annual reports reports etc.. etc..You shouldYou should / wealth/ wealth management management businesses businesses in the in past. the past. Fluency Fluency be a beHong a Hong Kong Kong qualified qualified solicitor solicitor with atwith least at least 8 years’ 8 years’ in English,in English, Cantonese Cantonese and conversationaland conversational Mandarin Mandarin is is PQE PQEwith withrelevant relevant experience. experience. Fluency Fluency in Mandarin in Mandarin is is required.required. Ref: 3974145Ref: 3974145 required.required. Ref: 3990419Ref: 3990419 MartaMarta Verderosa Verderosa TinaTina Wang Wang Manager,Manager, ManagingManaging Consultant, Consultant, PrivatePrivate Equity Equity / Venture / Venture Capital Capital Lawyer Lawyer CorporateCorporate Counsel Counsel CorporateCorporate Finance Finance – Counsel – Counsel PrivatePrivate Practice Practice In-HouseIn-House Corporate Corporate › 7+ ›PQE 7+ PQE › 5 +› PQE5 + PQE › 7 -12› 7 PQE -12 PQE [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk › Reputable› Reputable FinTech FinTech Platform Platform › Listed› Listed Energy Energy Group Group › HK ›Law HK LawFirm Firm +852+852 2848 2848 4794 4794 +852+852 2848 2848 9561 9561 linkedin.com/in/martaverderosalinkedin.com/in/martaverderosa linkedin.com/in/tinawangcpalinkedin.com/in/tinawangcpa A growingA growing FinTech FinTech firm firmwith awith reputable a reputable parent parent Our clientOur client is a fast is a growingfast growing education education group group with with A largeA large Hong Hong Kong Kong law firm law firmis now is nowhiring hiring a Counsel a Counsel or a or a companycompany is seeking is seeking to take to takeon a ongroup a group counsel counsel to join to join operationsoperations in Asia in AsiaPacific. Pacific. Due toDue business to business expansion, expansion, PartnerPartner to manage to manage the Corporate the Corporate Finance Finance division. division. The The the existingthe existing legal legal team team of 3 lawyers.of 3 lawyers. Reporting Reporting to the to the they theyare now are nowlooking looking for an for experienced an experienced lawyer lawyer to to firm firmalready already has threehas three partners partners with significantwith significant books books of of GeneralGeneral Counsel, Counsel, you willyou work will work in a tightin a tightknit teamknit team with with join theirjoin theirlegal legal function function at the at holding the holding level. level. You willYou will businessbusiness and theyand theyare looking are looking for another for another senior senior solicitor solicitor a focusa focus in leading in leading transactions transactions including including private private equity equity be reportingbe reporting to the to Chairman the Chairman and beand responsible be responsible to taketo takea on aa onhands-on a hands-on managerial managerial role. role.In this In this and financingand financing deals, deals, with somewith some exposure exposure to funds to funds and and for handlingfor handling legal legal matters matters relating relating to corporate to corporate M&A M&A leadershipleadership role yourole willyou manage will manage IPO projectsIPO projects and and ventureventure capital capital work. work. The idealThe ideal candidate candidate will possess will possess transactions,transactions, listing listing rule compliance,rule compliance, management management of of otherother transactions transactions as well as aswell manage as manage a team a team of ten of ten at leastat least 7 years’ 7 years’ PQE PQEbeing being common common law qualified, law qualified, externalexternal counsels counsels and regulators,and regulators, and provideand provide legal legal includingincluding trainees trainees and associates.and associates. The positionThe position can can with withstrong strong PE / PEfinancing / financing experience, experience, being being results results adviceadvice to the to business. the business. The successfulThe successful candidate candidate will be will be offer offerpartnership partnership (or partnership (or partnership track) track) and longand longterm term driven.driven. Ability Ability to work to work independently independently and efficientlyand efficiently is is a 5+ aPQE 5+ PQElawyer lawyer with withHong Hong Kong Kong or PRC or PRCqualification. qualification. progressionprogression within within the firm. the firm. No bookNo bookof business of business is is KamilKamil Butt Butt SabinaSabina Li Li key. Excellentkey. Excellent language language skills skills in English in English / Cantonese / Cantonese / / InternationalInternational law firm law firmtraining training with somewith some in-house in-house required.required. Ref: 3990953Ref: 3990953 SeniorSenior Consultant, Consultant, SeniorSenior Consultant, Consultant, conversationalconversational Mandarin Mandarin is required, is required, and aand passion a passion to to experienceexperience in listed in listed companies companies preferred. preferred. Strong Strong workwork in house in house as well as aswell to as appreciate to appreciate challenge challenge is a is a languagelanguage skills skills in both in bothwritten written and spokenand spoken Mandarin Mandarin PrivatePrivate Practice Practice LegalLegal Support Support plus.plus. Ref: 3991111Ref: 3991111 ChineseChinese and Englishand English is required. is required. Ref: 3989169Ref: 3989169 [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk +852+852 2848 2848 4798 4798 +852+852 3602 3602 2480 2480 linkedin.com/in/kamilbuttlinkedin.com/in/kamilbutt linkedin.com/in/sabinalilinkedin.com/in/sabinali FundsFunds / M&A / M&A Lawyer Lawyer LegalLegal Counsel Counsel CorporateCorporate Associate Associate › 3 –› 83 PQE – 8 PQE › 4 +› PQE4 + PQE › 4+ ›PQE 4+ PQE › Private› Private Equity Equity Fund Fund › MNC› MNC in the in FMCG the FMCG Industry Industry › US ›Law US LawFirm Firm A privateA private equity equity with AUMwith AUM of over of overUS$10 US$10 billion billion is seeking is seeking Our clientOur client is a reputable is a reputable FMCG FMCG brand brand with officeswith offices Our clientOur client is currently is currently looking looking for an for outstanding an outstanding Associate Associate for anfor additional an additional legal legalcounsel counsel to join to the join Hong the Hong Kong Kong aroundaround the globe. the globe. They They are currently are currently looking looking for an for an to jointo its join leading its leading corporate corporate practice practice in Hong in Hong Kong. Kong. They They office,office, being being a newly a newly created created role. role.You Youwill report will report to the to the in-housein-house counsel counsel to look to lookafter aftertheir theirGreater Greater China China wouldwould like candidates like candidates with strongerwith stronger experience experience in M&A in M&A existingexisting General General Counsel Counsel and workand work in a small in a small team team as as operation.operation. You willYou be will reporting be reporting to the to General the General Manager Manager transactionaltransactional work, work, with awith smaller a smaller emphasis emphasis on IPO on andIPO and SorayaSoraya Tennent Tennent ChrystalChrystal Cheung Cheung well aswell office, as office, with awith focus a focus on funds on funds and privateand private equity equity of theof region the region and functionallyand functionally report report to the to Regional the Regional generalgeneral corporate corporate compliance compliance work. work. You willYou be will advising be advising Consultant,Consultant, matters.matters. As it Asis a it lean is a leanteam, team, you willyou also will gainalso gainexposure exposure Counsel.Counsel. You willYou be will responsible be responsible for supporting for supporting business business leadingleading property property developers, developers, investment investment banks banks and and AssociateAssociate Consultant, Consultant, to stakeholderto stakeholder management management work work across across their theirChina China and and unitsunits on daily on dailylegal legalmatters matters including including but not but limited not limited corporatecorporate clients, clients, with thewith opportunity the opportunity to grow to grow these these client client LegalLegal Support Support LegalLegal Support Support overseasoverseas offices, offices, as well as aswell any as adany hoc ad hocmatters matters which which to drafting,to drafting, reviewing reviewing and negotiatingand negotiating commercial commercial relationships.relationships. The idealThe idealcandidate candidate will have will haveat least at least4 years’ 4 years’ may comemay come your yourway. way.The idealThe idealcandidate candidate will possess will possess at at contracts,contracts, providing providing training training to the to business, the business, liaising liaising PQE PQEwith solidwith solidhands-on hands-on experience. experience. This personThis person will need will need [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk least least3 years’ 3 years’ PQE PQEwith fundswith funds exposure, exposure, or if without,or if without, be be with externalwith external counsels counsels and regulatorsand regulators and otherand other legal legal to haveto havestrong strong communication communication ability ability with goodwith good levels levels of of +852+852 2848 2848 4795 4795 +852+852 2848 2848 4792 4792 a seasoneda seasoned corporate corporate M&A M&A / PE lawyer/ PE lawyer with keenwith keen interest interest matters.matters. The idealThe idealcandidate candidate will be will a be4+ aPQE 4+ PQElawyer lawyer MandarinMandarin and English.and English. This firmThis firmencourages encourages organic organic career career linkedin.com/in/sorayatennentlinkedin.com/in/sorayatennent linkedin.com/in/chrystal-cheunglinkedin.com/in/chrystal-cheung to learnto learn and toand pick to pickup new up work.new work. The idealThe idealcandidate candidate will will with Hongwith Hong Kong Kong or PRC or PRCqualification; qualification; international international developmentdevelopment for those for those looking looking to develop to develop with them.with them. be maturebe mature and hands-onand hands-on with thewith flexibility the flexibility of handling of handling law firmlaw firmtrained trained with in-housewith in-house experience experience from fromlarge large Ref: 3981929Ref: 3981929 a varietya variety of work. of work. Strong Strong language language skills skills in English in English and and MNCs.MNCs. Fluency Fluency in both in bothEnglish English and Chineseand Chinese languages languages is is ChineseChinese (spoken) (spoken) required. required. Ref: 3963724Ref: 3963724 required.required. Ref: 3982770Ref: 3982770 To apply,To apply, visit visitwww.michaelpage.com.hk www.michaelpage.com.hk quoting quoting the referencethe reference number number or contact or contact our consultants.our consultants. SpecialistsSpecialists in legal in legal recruitment recruitment LegalLegal www.michaelpage.com.hkwww.michaelpage.com.hk Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk Specialists in legal recruitment Specialists in legal recruitment www.michaelpage.com.hk To apply, visit quoting the reference number or contact our consultants. www.michaelpage.com.hk To apply, visit quoting the reference number or contact our consultants. Chinese (spoken) required. Ref: 3963724 required. Ref: 3982770 a variety of work. Strong language skills in English and MNCs. Fluency in both English and Chinese languages is Chinese (spoken) required. Ref: 3963724 required. Ref: 3982770 be mature and hands-on with the flexibility of handling law firm trained with in-house experience from large Ref: 3981929 a variety of work. Strong language skills in English and MNCs. Fluency in both English and Chinese languages is to learn and to pick up new work. The ideal candidate will with Hong Kong or PRC qualification; international development for those looking to develop with them. linkedin.com/in/chrystal-cheung linkedin.com/in/sorayatennent be mature and hands-on with the flexibility of handling law firm trained with in-house experience from large Ref: 3981929 a seasoned corporate M&A / PE lawyer with keen interest matters. The ideal candidate will be a 4+ PQE lawyer Mandarin and English. This firm encourages organic career +852 2848 4792 +852 2848 4795 to learn and to pick up new work. 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The ideal candidate will have at least 4 years’ Legal Support least 3 years’ PQE with funds exposure, or if without, be with external counsels and regulators and other legal to have strong communication ability with good levels of [email protected] to stakeholder management work across their China and units on daily legal matters including but not limited corporate clients, with the opportunity to grow these client Associate Consultant, may come your way. The ideal candidate will possess at contracts, providing training to the business, liaising PQE with solid hands-on experience. This person will need Consultant, matters. As it is a lean team, you will also gain exposure Counsel. You will be responsible for supporting business leading property developers, investment banks and Legal Support overseas offices, as well as any ad hoc matters which to drafting, reviewing and negotiating commercial relationships. The ideal candidate will have at least 4 years’ Legal Support Chrystal Cheung well as office, with a focus on funds and private equity of the region and functionally report to the Regional general corporate compliance work. You will be advising Soraya Tennent to stakeholder management work across their China and units on daily legal matters including but not limited corporate clients, with the opportunity to grow these client Associate Consultant, existing General Counsel and work in a small team as operation. You will be reporting to the General Manager transactional work, with a smaller emphasis on IPO and Consultant, matters. As it is a lean team, you will also gain exposure Counsel. You will be responsible for supporting business leading property developers, investment banks and office, being a newly created role. 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You will report to the in-house counsel to look after their Greater China would like candidates with stronger experience in M&A › Private Equity Fund › MNC in the FMCG Industry › US Law Firm for an additional legal counsel to join the Hong Kong around the globe. They are currently looking for an to join its leading corporate practice in Hong Kong. They › 3 – 8 PQE › 4 + PQE › 4+ PQE A private equity with AUM of over US$10 billion is seeking Our client is a reputable FMCG brand with offices Our client is currently looking for an outstanding Associate Funds / M&A Lawyer Legal Counsel Corporate Associate › Private Equity Fund › MNC in the FMCG Industry › US Law Firm linkedin.com/in/kamilbutt linkedin.com/in/sabinali +852 2848 4798 +852 3602 2480 › 3 – 8 PQE › 4 + PQE › 4+ PQE [email protected] [email protected] Funds / M&A Lawyer Legal Counsel Corporate Associate plus. Ref: 3991111 Chinese and English is required. 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Ref: 3989169 Legal Support Private Practice at least 7 years’ PQE being common law qualified, external counsels and regulators, and provide legal including trainees and associates. The position can work in house as well as to appreciate challenge is a language skills in both written and spoken Mandarin venture capital work. The ideal candidate will possess transactions, listing rule compliance, management of other transactions as well as manage a team of ten Senior Consultant, Senior Consultant, conversational Mandarin is required, and a passion to experience in listed companies preferred. Strong and financing deals, with some exposure to funds and for handling legal matters relating to corporate M&A leadership role you will manage IPO projects and key. Excellent language skills in English / Cantonese / International law firm training with some in-house required. Ref: 3990953 Kamil Butt Sabina Li a focus in leading transactions including private equity be reporting to the Chairman and be responsible to take a on a hands-on managerial role. In this driven. Ability to work independently and efficiently is a 5+ PQE lawyer with Hong Kong or PRC qualification. progression within the firm. No book of business is General Counsel, you will work in a tight knit team with join their legal function at the holding level. You will business and they are looking for another senior solicitor with strong PE / financing experience, being results advice to the business. The successful candidate will be offer partnership (or partnership track) and long term the existing legal team of 3 lawyers. Reporting to the they are now looking for an experienced lawyer to firm already has three partners with significant books of at least 7 years’ PQE being common law qualified, external counsels and regulators, and provide legal including trainees and associates. 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In this › 7+ PQE › 5 + PQE › 7 -12 PQE General Counsel, you will work in a tight knit team with join their legal function at the holding level. You will business and they are looking for another senior solicitor In-House Corporate Private Practice the existing legal team of 3 lawyers. Reporting to the they are now looking for an experienced lawyer to firm already has three partners with significant books of Private Equity / Venture Capital Lawyer Corporate Counsel Corporate Finance – Counsel Managing Consultant, Manager, company is seeking to take on a group counsel to join operations in Asia Pacific. Due to business expansion, Partner to manage the Corporate Finance division. 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You should Private Equity / Venture Capital Lawyer Corporate Counsel Corporate Finance – Counsel Managing Consultant, Manager, as OTC derivatives, structured finance, RMB products, secretarial work including the preparation of board be a senior lawyer with familiarity with PB products such qualified team to manage the full range of company Tina Wang Marta Verderosa English and Mandarin are a must. Ref: 3988849 negotiations and partake in other advisory work. You will relevant statutory requirements and supervise a small book of business are encouraged to apply. Excellent related documents, look after mandate drafting, terms responsible for ensuring compliance to listing rule and linkedin.com/in/olgayung linkedin.com/in/tangserena a steady flow of litigation work, candidates with existing implementation and execution, where you will review all acquisition and development in China. You will be required. Ref: 3974145 required. 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This is an Executive Director level role Counsel, you will report to the Chairman and the Board Regional Director, Associate Director, non-contentious work. Though flexible based on the business, in anticipation of some new project roll headquarters in Mainland China. As the General as OTC derivatives, structured finance, RMB products, secretarial work including the preparation of board diversified experience ideally in both contentious and a seasoned lawyer to support their private banking in on the Hong Kong GEM board with operational Olga Yung Serena Tang be a senior lawyer with familiarity with PB products such qualified team to manage the full range of company ideal candidate is a senior Hong Kong solicitor with English and Mandarin are a must. Ref: 3988849 A reputable and global investment bank is seeking for Our client is an industry leader and a company listed negotiations and partake in other advisory work. 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The A well-known international law firm is now seeking › Reputable Bank › GEM Board Listed Company › 10+ PQE › 8+ PQE › International Law Firm SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT › 10+ PQE Wealth Management Lawyer Named Company Secretary Private Banking / General Counsel and Litigation Partner as a team. We have successfully placed candidates across all levels from Associates and Junior Legal Counsels, to Partners and Heads of Legal. strategically specialised in focusing on legal recruitment for different aspects of the job function and industry, diversifying and maximising our recruitment coverage Michael Page Legal services major corporates, international and leading local law firms, as well as financial services institutions on a global scale. Our consultants are FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRIVATE PRACTICE Meet the team SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT trust | honesty | integrity | partnership Funds Litigation Corporate 4+PQE Hong Kong 2-4 PQE Hong Kong 1+ PQE Hong Kong This is a stellar opportunity for an ambitious Our client seeks a junior associate to join their A superb opportunity for a US qualified lawyer to lawyer to join the Funds team, in a tight knit exceptional team. This practice specialises in support a US M&A practice and also undertake team. The ideal candidate will have prior litigation matters that are high in profile and capital markets work. You will advise blue-chip exposure to hedge funds, PE fund formation value, and has particular expertise in multi- corporate clients and leading investment banks work. Corporate M&A lawyers keen to transition jurisdictional disputes, including employment on a variety of work including corporate M&A, will also be considered. You will be admitted in a law, regulatory investigations, trust related joint ventures and capital markets across SEA. common law jurisdiction. Chinese required. claims and shareholder disputes. Ideal Their ideal candidate will have a mix of M&A and HKL4946 candidate will have fluency in Chinese. HKL4964 capital markets experience. HKL4920 Banking & Finance Corporate Capital Markets 2-5 PQE Hong Kong 4+PQE Hong Kong 3 - 5 PQE Hong Kong This global firm seeks an ambitious mid-level A premier law firm is looking for a mid-level This eminent firm seeks a lawyer to join their banking associate to join their collegial team to associate join their Corporate team. You will practice, working alongside a well established work on big ticket deals, including debt capital advise major corporations on a variety of work partner, and be exposed to a range of corporate markets, equity-backed financing, restructuring including M&A, joint ventures and capital finance, PE, and M&A matters. This is an and syndicated lending. Common law markets across Southeast Asia. You will be excellent opportunity for a experienced lawyer qualification required, Mandarin essential. admitted in a common law jurisdiction. to take their career forward with a leading law HKL4771 HKL4947 firm. Mandarin skills an advantage. HKL4928 Capital Markets Banking & Finance Disputes PSL 3-6 PQE Tokyo 4+ PQE Hong Kong 4+ PQE Hong Kong Our client is seeking a corporate associate for This leading US law firm seeks a disputes lawyer This global law firm with a leading regional their Tokyo office with extensive Capital Markets with solid financial services regulatory practice is seeking a know-how manager to experience. The ideal candidates will have experience gained from an international law provide training and knowledge management strong academics and prior experience gained firm. You will work with eminent partners within support to a leading team of lawyers. You will from an international law firm. US bar a collegiate team on high profile matters. have solid experience in litigation / arbitration qualification required. Fluency in Japanese is a Common law qualification required, Mandarin matters. Part-time/jobshare arrangements must. HKL4942 an advantage. HKL4825 available. HKL4934 Corporate Project Finance Funds 3 - 8 PQE Sydney 3+ PQE Singapore 3+ PQE Singapore This is an excellent opportunity for Australian This is an excellent opportunity to join this This is a stellar opportunity for an ambitious qualified Corporate lawyers looking at a return highly regarded projects practice, working with lawyer to join the Funds team. You will work for to Sydney. You will join a highly regarded recognised partners on a range of infrastructure high profile clients on a variety of private boutique recognised by the directories for their and PFI/PPP matters. You will be common law investment funds. This will include PE, VC, real corporate and capital markets practice. Well qualified, ideally with experience gained from an estate, hedge funds, mezzanine funds and 100 regarded partners lead collegiate teams and the international firm. Mandarin language skills distressed asset funds as well as funds-of-funds work on offer is good quality. HKL4941 would be preferable but not essential. HKL4956 and secondaries. HKL4966 95 75 This is a selection of our current vacancies; for more information in complete confidence, please call the Hong Kong office on +852 2503 2500 or email us at 25 [email protected] or [email protected] 5 www.atticus-legal.com 0 Private Practice In-house ECM Hong Kong 8-15 PQE Employment Counsel Shanghai 8+ PQE City firm seeks an experienced ECM lawyer to join and head their listed companies’ Fortune 100 company seeks a PRC employment specialist to support its HR team across team. Excellent opportunity for a senior ECM lawyer to undertake a new role, gain Greater China. General commercial lawyers with PRC employment experience who are better working hours and adopt an advisory role within an international firm. (HKL keen to specialise in this sector will be considered. The work is very wide ranging and will 16516) suit an outgoing and business savvy lawyer. (HKL 16251) Litigation and Insolvency Hong Kong 7+ PQE Senior Legal Counsel – Greater China Hong Kong 8 +PQE International law firm seeks a senior insolvency specialist to join their practice. You will Fortune 100 company seeks a senior PRC qualified lawyer for its Hong Kong office. You have a good mix of disputes experience, including dealing with insolvency cases and will manage a small team and advise on general commercial matters as well as IP and advising insolvency practitioners on liquidations and corporate restructurings. (HKL IT matters. Lawyers from private practice or in-house will be considered. Competitive 16526) salary on offer. (HKL 16428) Banking & Finance Hong Kong 4-8 PQE Senior Legal Counsel Shanghai 8 + PQE City firm seeks a banking finance lawyer to join their well-established tier 1team. US MNC seeks a general commercial lawyer for its Shanghai office. This will be a You should be qualified in a common law jurisdiction and possess solid experience stand-alone role requiring a lawyer with significant PRC experience who can work in structured finance and general financing gained from an international firm. (HKL independently. Work will involve managing general commercial and employment 16514) matters. (HKL 16537) PSL – M&A/IPO Hong Kong 3-6 PQE Associate General Counsel Hong Kong 5-10 PQE City firm seeks an experienced professional support lawyer to work within their Global asset management house seeks a lawyer to join their APAC legal team. You will corporate/ECM department. An excellent opportunity for a private practice lawyer to advise senior management across the region, with a focus on funds distribution and move into a support role within a leading firm. (HKL 16489) corporate commercial matters. You should have experience in the asset management industry. Proficiency in Mandarin and Cantonese required. (HKL 16530) Oil & Gas Lawyer Hong Kong 3-6 PQE Legal Counsel - Data Privacy Hong Kong 5+ PQE International firm with a tier 1 reputation in the energy sector seeks a mid-level lawyer A global conglomerate with a strong presence in Hong Kong seeks a data protection specialist to join their expanding legal team. You will have a good knowledge of HK/EU with oil and gas experience to support its clients across APAC. Work is mostly upstream data protection laws and practices, and be familiar with the GDPR. No language skills and will involve M&A. No language skills required. (HKL 16512) requirements. (HKL 16524) Dispute Resolution Hong Kong 2-4 PQE Asset Finance Lawyer Hong Kong 3-6 PQE US law firm seeks junior to mid-level litigators to join their disputes practice. Team works A global corporation with an excellent brand name seeks an asset finance lawyer to on a broad range of international disputes including commercial disputes, arbitration oversee financing transactions including trading, leasing and acquisitions. Private and regulatory investigations. Strong academics and Mandarin required. (HKL 16304) practice and in-house lawyers will be considered for this role. (HKL 16481) ECM/DCM Hong Kong NQ-3 PQE Legal Counsel - Employment Hong Kong 1-5 PQE One of Hong Kong’s most successful corporate practices is urgently seeking junior Opportunity for a junior lawyer to join a global insurance company and specialise in Mandarin speaking lawyers who are interested in developing a career in the corporate employment law. No employment experience necessary, but need a keenness to be finance sector. Lawyers without corporate finance experience who are looking fora trained in this area. Fluency in Cantonese is important. (HKL 15972) change will be considered. (HKL 16533) In-House Private Practice HEAD OF LEGAL & COMPLIANCE HONG KONG 10-15 YEARS LITIGATION PARTNER HONG KONG 15-25 YEARS A European fund manager is looking for a Head of Legal & Compliance to An international firm in Hong Kong is looking to hire a senior litigation join its team in Hong Kong. You must be HK-qualified and have solid asset partner who is well established in Hong Kong and has a strong network of management experience, preferably including retail funds and SFC liaison contacts. Portable business and contacts preferable. Mandarin helpful but experience. Business level Cantonese skills are a must. HKL7113 not a prerequisite. HKL7102 FINANCIAL CRIMES HONG KONG 10-15 YEARS FCPA HONG KONG 6+ YEARS Well-known global bank is looking for a senior lawyer with experience Prestigious US firm is looking for a US qualified FCPA lawyer to join its team advising on financial crimes-related matters. You should have familiarity with in Hong Kong. You will have extensive investigations experience and fluent laws & regulations in relation to sanctions & AML. Collegiate environment, Mandarin language skills. This role offers excellent career development attractive remuneration and excellent benefits on offer. HKL7010 opportunities and an attractive remuneration package. HKL7103 DATA PRIVACY HONG KONG 10-15 YEARS M&A HONG KONG 5-8 YEARS Global luxury retailer seeks a mid to senior Data Privacy lawyer to join Top Wall Street firm is seeking a mid-senior level corporate lawyer for a its team. You will have extensive experience relating to data privacy, pure M&A role. You should be from a top US or magic circle firm and be UK, regulatory & compliance matters. Chinese language skills not needed. Australian or US qualified. Strong Mandarin skills are required. Excellent Attractive remuneration on offer. HKL7079 career prospects on offer. HKL7094 GENERAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 8-12 YEARS COMPETITION HONG KONG 3-7 YEARS A listed company and a major player in the sports industry, with operations Premier PRC firm seeks a mid-senior level competition lawyer. You will across China & Hong Kong, is looking for a General Counsel. You are advise blue chip clients on a broad range of competition/anti-trust matters. required to have familiarity with HK listing rules, transactional & general Those with solid competition law experience from overseas are welcome to commercial experience and business level Mandarin. HKL7129 apply. Chinese language skills are not required. HKL7114 LISTED TECH COMPANY HONG KONG 5-8 YEARS M&A HONG KONG 3-5 YEARS Reputable technology company listed in Hong Kong is looking for its key A leading international firm is looking for a mid-level M&A associate legal counsel. This role will involve a mix of corporate work, including to join its Hong Kong office. You must be qualified in Hong Kong or the transactional & listing compliance matters. Mandarin & Chinese reading & Commonwealth with solid experience gained in M&A transactions. Fluency writing skills are essential. HKL7050 in Mandarin is a must. Collegiate working environment on offer. HKL7106 EQUITY DERIVATIVES HONG KONG 4-7 YEARS IPO HONG KONG 2-4 YEARS Global investment bank seeks a Commonwealth qualified lawyer for its A prominent US firm is looking to add an associate to its IPO team. You expanding Asian equities business. You must have derivatives & ISDA must be a 2-4 PQE Hong Kong qualified lawyer with solid experience in experience, together with an awareness of transactional issues arising in HK IPOs. Chinese language skills (Cantonese & Mandarin) are required. Asian jurisdictions. Chinese language skills are preferred. HKL7054 Excellent mentoring and team environment on offer. HKL7090 CORPORATE/M&A HONG KONG 4+ YEARS BANKING HONG KONG 5+ YEARS A leading power producer in Asia seeks a legal counsel to join its team. In Excellent opportunity for a senior banking lawyer to join a top offshore firm this role you will work closely with the business units on M&A transactions as part of a leading team. Great career prospects and a friendly culture. as well as liaising and interacting with regulators and advising on Hong You should be Commonwealth qualified and enjoy client facing work. Kong listing rules. Fluency in Mandarin & English is required. HKL7048 HKL7112 This is a small selection of our current vacancies. Please refer to our website for a more comprehensive list of openings. Please contact Lindsey Sanders, [email protected] +852 2537 7409, Chris Chu, [email protected] +852 2537 7415 or Camilla Worthington, [email protected] +852 2537 7413 or email [email protected] www.lewissanders.com LONDON | HONG KONG | SINGAPORE | NEW YORK I BERLIN Pure Search A global candidate network of unrivalled quality, a consistently superior service, over 30 years combined recruitment experience. Pure Search: Your Trusted Recruitment Partner. Liam Richardson | In House FS Hires Mike Wright | Private Practice Hires +852 2499 9794 | [email protected] + 852 2520 5298 | [email protected] Tina Lu | In House FS Hires Alex Tao | In House C&I Hires + 852 2520 5877 | [email protected] + 852 2499 9293 | [email protected] puresearch.com Pure Search International Ltd, Level 61, Unit 09 The Center 99, Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong