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The or childbirths with adolescents. girl and experiments on life pregnancies young and complicated focus of the responsibilities are to one of in need world develop is burning the that period the enters highlighted changes adolescent is individual physical an The puberty Moreover, when the [2]. reproduction. time all adolescence the sexual to to of refer childhood capable to from becomes term pass individual cumulative an a which as The in used life. period of the years is these Puberty in one included form to are is tasks tasks developmental these of social motive (11 and foundational adolescence psychological early such intellectual, stages: from changes key three period seven multiple into time divided a the roughly include is (15 be which Adolescence may adolescence changes. and adulthood developmental adulthood to social to childhood and puberty from personality transition intellectual, physical, of as period a is Adolescence Introduction Received: DOI: teachers. Keywords: school contra- among of health area sexual the and in tion knowledge least the had Conclusion: and puberty health of sexual concept and the reproductive ception. and of organs knowledge reproductive concept of sexual the level the average and about by reproduction knowledge an followed regarding more had attitudes had favorable teachers moderately teachers the had Furthermore, of teachers health. (62.9%) the of half (71.4%) than majority More the female. and were teachers the Cronbach by of method 0.7 (75.7%) bythe Kuder-Richardson be 0.67 to be found reliability to was The it Results: respectively. scale, found scale, attitude was Likert the for 5-point attitudewere questionnaire and knowledge and a the structured and Haryana. of Knowledge questionnaire knowledge Ambala District, coefficient structured of the a using schools assessed government different five go from adolescents physically, nique develop. and and Physiologically grow protection. they and as Method: care transformations extra of requires series a which through stage a is This hood. Background: 3 2 1 survey descriptive a teachers: school among health sexual and reproductive regarding attitude and Knowledge Sankhyan Aakanksha GRUYTER DE 09Wle eGutrGb,Berlin/Boston. GmbH, Gruyter de Walter 2019 © Sheoran Poonam Abstract: aaih akneha olg fNrigMhrsiMradswr(emdt eUiest) eateto Obstet- of Department University), be to (Deemed Markandeshwar Maharishi Nursing of College Markandeshwar Maharishi aut fNrig aaih akneha Dee ob nvriy,Mlaa130,Hraa India Haryana, 133207, Mullana University), be to (Deemed Markandeshwar Maharishi Nursing, of Faculty eateto bttisadGneooy aaih akneha olg fNrig Maharishi Nursing, of College Markandeshwar Maharishi Gynaecology, and Obstetrics of Department akneha Dee ob nvriy,Mlaa130,Hraa ni,Poe 9-09327 E-mail: +91-8059930267, Phone: [email protected] India, Haryana, 133207, Mullana University), be to (Deemed Markandeshwar isadGneooy uln 327 ayn,India Haryana, 133207, Mullana Gynaecology, and rics hsclcagsi dlset r ehp h otntdsgsta hl a nee adolescence. entered has child a that signs noted most the perhaps are adolescents in changes Physical 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0107 oeta n hr 3.% ftetahr eebten3 n 5yaso g.Oto 0temajority the 70 of Out age. of years 35 and 31 between were teachers the of (37.1%) third one than More a 2 2019; 12, May ecitv td einwsaotdwt 0tahr eetduigacneinesmln tech- sampling convenience a using selected teachers 70 with adopted was design study descriptive A dlset tiue nweg,rpouto n eulhat,teachers health, sexual and reproduction knowledge, attitude, adolescent, stecrepnigauthor. corresponding the is hssuyhglgt h edfrseiltann n wrns rgasrgrigreproduc- regarding programs awareness and training special for need the highlights study This dlsec satm feovn rmteimtrt fcidodit h auiyo adult- of maturity the into childhood of immaturity the from evolving of time a is Adolescence – – 4ya l g ru [3]. group age old year 24 7yas n aeaoecne(18 adolescence late and years) 17 Accepted: 1 onmSheoran Poonam / ue6 2019 6, June 2 iaje Kaur Simarjeet / ’ w dniyadt rpr o dlho [1]. adulthood for prepare to and identity own s – 1yas.Frhroe srgrspyilgclgrowth, physiological regards as Furthermore, years). 21 nentoa ora fAoecn eiieadHat.21;20190107 2019; Health. and Medicine Adolescent of Journal International ’ s α 1 . yt Sarin Jyoti / ’ 3 otdfiutpros hsis This periods. difficult most s – 4yas;middle years); 14 1 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd h td atcpnsslce yacneinesmln ehiu opie 0tahr rmfv gov- Haryana. District, five Ambala from of teachers villages Saha 70 and comprised Barara technique of sampling) sampling convenience convenience by (selected a schools by ernment selected participants study The sample and Setting to 2018 the Ambala District, October of between Markandesh- Maharishi Haryana. collected villages Ambala, of Mullana, Saha Committee was University Ethical and be) Data institutional to the (Deemed technique. from war of Barara clearance sampling obtaining convenience after schools 2018 a November government using five selected in Haryana, conducted was study The settings and Design participants. the test to design survey descriptive on based was study quantitative This design Study methods and Materials Haryana. District, the Ambala of assess 6 to schools MDG directed different was and in study health) teaching the teachers maternal background, improve of this equality attitude (to with gender and [10] 5 promote knowledge diseases) MDG the (to other mortality), 3 and child malaria (MDG) HIV/AIDS, reduce goals combat (to development (to would 4 millennium and ages MDG achieving all women), by at empower level all pre- morbidity for and global well-being easily the promote a be and decreasing at lives can in healthy help ensure help etc. also will also which to infections), India will home in tract attitudes rates at (reproductive favorable mortality and parents RTIs and complications knowledge adolescents, the and improved the Moreover of diseases) it to [9]. responsibility transmitted education (4%), vented the and (sexually students guidance be STIs the proper should respondents as providing corrupt it By the would such [8]. that of it (5.6%) (15.4%) and that education 154 (4%) sex believed that experimentation teach they found sexual been because to has education lead it against sex study could education of a health introduction In and sexual topics. the these so theymay reproductive opposed avoid find answers and even beliefs give satisfactory parents to religious who Some able their those not them. are Also, with knowledge. as parents discussions and these information satisfied avoid be adequate not providing may parents in from role guidance compelling seek any play hardly India of this larger in needs the healthcare [7]. addressing India specifically in of group importance demographic the indicate numbers These million). 2 Worldwide adolescent. an is globe the on person sixth worlds every of in billion one 1.2 teachers almost comprise of they that (25%) shows only which hand, data other statistical the on the try religion, of then their most they against that them revealed is and [6]. results from (70.67%) education this Furthermore, parents secret sex believed the education. any that of sex believed conceal majority of the (75%) to introduction intelligent, that parents try revealed the more study against elders and the much were or everything from are (75%) Data parents explore teachers and thing. to when that age want so; know They their to fact, world. approach for little every the advanced every in type more know happening this change are to misuse little era may want every adolescents this towards that aware of think and children parents curious topics of The such 7.7% [5]. discussed and never teachers information have of of parents 21.3% of and 65.2% adolescents, whereas their health, with sexual and reproductive about knowledge health reproductive and sexual topic [4]. regarding a effects children is impor- adverse school extremely and any and is avoid culture teachers it to Indian people, education, education in of sex of perceptions taboo topic the a the know considered introducing to still formally tant before is of in- Thus, that openly. capable puberty discussed subject become in not subtle is adolescents changes very that characteristics, dramatic a sexual most is primary Sex The of reproduction. develop. development sexual and the grow of they Because while sexuality. transformations volve of series a through hl erdcieadsxa elhi uha motn su none in issue important an such is health sexual and reproductive While h motneo eieigsxeuaini ieymne oaoecnsi mhszdb h current the by emphasized is adolescents to manner timely a in education sex delivering of importance The imparting in comfortable feel teachers of 36.0% and parents of 12.3% about that show studies from Data go adolescents physically, and Physiologically protection. and care extra requires which stage a is This akyne al. et Sankhyan ’ ouain ni a h ihs ubro dlset,2%(bu 243 (about 21% adolescents, of number highest the has India population. ’ ie aet,edr n teachers and elders parents, life, s EGRUYTER DE Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd ftahr a eygo nweg eadn erdcieadsxa health. (1.4%) sexual least and and knowledge reproductive knowledge of regarding average level knowledge average below good an had very had (22.9%) had teachers by teachers followed the of of health (62.9%) sexual half and and than reproductive reproductive regarding more regarding score where knowledge of teachers level among the of health percentage sexual and frequency the 1) (Figure shows Data health sexual teachers and reproductive among regarding score knowledge of level of is percentage and it Frequency that felt teachers the of (88.6%) specific health. majority any sexual have The and not reproductive health. did about sexual teachers teach and the to reproductive of necessary (98.6%) in about experience majority teaching any have The in not health. did training sexual teachers the and of reproductive (85.7%) about majority The teaching health. of sexual experience and Master reproductive teaching had about had teachers teach teachers the the of of (27.1%) (38.6%) quarter a third 31 than of than ages More more study the female. between present were were the teachers In teachers study. the the completed of teachers (37.1%) 70 third of one total A SPSS-20. using by analyzed were Data Results significant. considered was data. 0.05 of of distribution p-value the A on analysis.. based descriptive median using or by (SD)] performed NY). deviation was Armonk, [standard analysis 20.0. version mean Statistical Corp. as (IBM presented 20 SPSS are using data analyzed and Categorical 2007 Excel Microsoft into entered were Data analysis Data attitude and knowledge assess to conducted was min health. 55 sexual lasting Saha and test and reproductive a Barara regarding of Haryana, area.) District, who isresponsible block Ambala his/her in the students officer of of a government villages education ( mass and officers elementary secondry, education with block dealing the for from approval formal the obtaining After collection/procedure Data was score maximum The negative. were 30. 15 was and score 30 statements containing minimum positive disagree the were strongly and 15 to 150 which agree of strongly out from used, ranging was scale and statements and Likert reproductive health 5-point reproductive like A of RTIs/STIs. areas importance of and with prevention concept used tobe Cronbach adolescence, by during was found changes 0.7 of questions was pubertal be development, reliability choice to sexual The multiple found questionnaire was 45 fields. knowledge it containing the nursing structured attitude questionnaire various for of knowledge and the formula Kuder-Richardson-20 in coefficient the (5- experts reliability by scale nine The 0.67 attitude by checked. and validated was questionnaire were tools knowledge tools the structured Both a scale). using Likert by point assessed were attitude and Knowledge Tools participants the all from obtained tobe) also (Deemed study. was the Markandeshwar consent starting ofMaharishi informed before Written Committee Haryana. Ethical Ambala, institutional Mullana, the University by affirmed was study This consideration Ethical at available not study. were the who from teachers excluded and were participate collection to data willing of were time who the teachers of consisted criteria Inclusion GRUYTER DE ≥ er.Temjrt 8.% ftetahr i not did teachers the of (85.7%) majority The years. 7 – 5yasod u f7 h aoiy(71)o the of (77.1%) majority the 70 of Out old. years 35 ’ nat ere.Mr hnone than More degrees. arts in s akyne al. et Sankhyan ’ s α structured A . 3 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd teachers. 2: Table knowledge least and health sexual and reproductive of or- concept reproductive about the knowledge by more contraception. followed had about puberty 10.84, teachers of was that STIs concept infer and and further RTIs gans and which respectively, contraception 3.84, organs health, reproductive and sexual about 1.76 and knowledge reproductive 8.40, for regard- of score score concept knowledge puberty, mean of of The SD concept teachers. and and among percentage health mean sexual mean, area-wise and reproductive the depicts ing 2 Table in presented data The sexual and teachers reproductive among regarding health score knowledge of SD and percentage mean mean, Area-wise score Maximum and 25 1: Table of median a with 24.84 was score knowledge the of reproduc- mean regarding 3.79. score The was knowledge SD teachers. of SD the among and health median mean, sexual range, and the tive depicts 1 Table in presented data The among health sexual and reproductive teachers regarding score knowledge of SD and median mean, Range, teachers. 1: Figure 4 2 1 knowledge of Area No. S. Knowledge Score 3 4 akyne al. et Sankhyan raws en enpretg n Do nweg cr eadn erdcieadsxa elhamong health sexual and reproductive regarding score knowledge of SD and percentage mean mean, wise Area teachers. among health sexual and reproductive regarding score knowledge of SD and median mean, Range, a rp hwn ecnaedsrbto ee fkoldergrigrpoutv n eulhat among health sexual and reproductive regarding knowledge of level distribution percentage showing graph Bar ocp frpoutv n eulhealth sexual and reproductive of Concept puberty of concept and organs Reproductive Contraception TsadSTIs and RTIs – 5 iiu score minimum 45; – .S,sadr deviation. standard SD, 0. Range 15 – 36 Maximum Mean 24.84 score 14 20 04 07 Mean score 10.84 8.40 1.76 3.84 Median 25.00 en% Mean 54.85% 54.2% score 60% 44% akdSD Ranked V0.90 IV I 1.36 III EGRUYTER DE I1.79 II 1.94 I 70 = n 70 = n 3.79 SD Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd which was found to be statistically non-significant (p = 0.862) at 0.05 level ofsignificance. 0.05 it at and =0.862) teachers (p the non-significant among statistically be scores to attitude found ( was and negative which mild scores was knowledge there the that found between was relationship the showed Data among health sexual teachers and reproductive regarding scores attitude and knowledge between Correlation score Maximum of regarding median 3: Table score a attitude with 93.97 the was of score SD attitude the the and of 8.33. median mean was mean, SD The the range, teachers. and among the 93.50 health depicts sexual 3 and Table reproductive in presented data The among health sexual and reproductive teachers regarding score attitude of SD and median mean, Range, teachers. 2: Figure favorable health. moderately sexual a and had and reproductive teachers reproductive regarding the regarding attitude of unfavorable score (71.4%) with majority attitude (28.6%) the of by that level followed found the attitude it of and percentage teachers among and health frequency sexual the 2) (Figure shows Data among health sexual and reproductive teachers regarding score attitude of level of percentage and Frequency deviation. standard SD, infections; transmitted sexually STIs, infections; tract reproductive RTIs, GRUYTER DE Attitude Score ag,ma,mda n Do tiuesoergrigrpoutv n eulhat mn teachers. among health sexual and reproductive regarding score attitude of SD and median mean, Range, a rp hwn ecnaedsrbto ee fattd eadn erdcieadsxa elhamong health sexual and reproductive regarding attitude of level distribution percentage showing graph bar A – 5;mnmmscore minimum 150; – 0 D tnaddeviation. standard SD, 30. 77 Range – 116 − .1 eainhpbtentekoldesoe n tiuescores attitude and scores knowledge the between relationship 0.21) Mean 93.97 Median 93.50 akyne al. et Sankhyan 70 = n 8.33 SD 5 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd tia approval: Ethical of interest: Conflict Funding: itefficiently using like soby puberty during adolescents. changes among to ways, changes related and negative misconceptions sexual and and positive myths reproductive various in both the overcome can apopulation we adequately during and changes influence and can puberty about media knowledge right Mass providing puberty. by aware them make adoles- and of population problems our educate common the with help can health complications. teachers adolescent further to that prevent related So can issues adolescence. and major of cence the problems and whereteach- common puberty health adolescence, the sexual of all and aspects and all health reproductive District, about regarding community taught Ambala teachers by be for the initiated should officer be ers of education should block schools programs a selected training with of various along nurses us- that teachers suggests health among study sexual scale current and The attitude reproductive Haryana. regarding and attitudes questionnaire and knowledge knowledge a the assess ing to conducted was study The Conclusion education, sex teach to sexeducation. willing towards more attitude were on their (86.8%), effect years 49 education asignificant sex and to 45 had teachers studywere of qualification present of ages education ofthe attitude higher the the results assessing between The in teachers [14] older Onwuezobe ofsignificance. by where conducted level study at 0.05 the to non-significant contradictory was value F computed the revealed that90% as teachers and findings curriculum. status study school education where the age, al.[15] into et education study Orji sex of The present by introduction the planning. supported conducted family it teachers the study that for the to believed of beneficial of teachers was (67.6%) in concordance the majority education of the was sex 43.6% where finding found pregnancy, study unwanted 13% present prevents and the STDs/HIV, education of prevented sex the study results that the believed from supported findings teachers Whereas [14] al.[13]where the education. al. et sex et of Onwuezobe introduction byFentahun by the against conducted conducted findingsofanother were the study (75%) the to teachers to of contradictory majority was [12]. the finding education similar This the sex tobe health. on of sexual knowledge 28 and adequate of ductive noted had total were (23.0%) a study 69 of where out Aniebue above the present by and of Enugu 20 in attaining done where findings study 84% andMullan The repro- with by Westwood regarding good, [11]. knowledge generally done score of was study knowledge level the teachers average to all an different of little had knowledge were teachers the results the these of health, sexual (62.9%) and majority ductive the study, current the In Discussion teachers. sexual the and by reproductive faced about barriers teach and they level often comfort how used, education, strategies itisnecessary health education, feel sexual health and teachers education reproductive in whether gender, about experience training, age, of teach specific years education, of to education, health independent health sexual were and sexual reproductive and scores about reproductive teaching attitude about teaching and teaching, scores in knowledge experience the status, that showed data The among variables health selected sexual with and teachers reproductive regarding scores attitude and scores knowledge of Association 6 h aoiyo h ouainuems ei oudt hi nweg oio.Teei ra edto need great a is There horizon. knowledge their update to media mass use population the of majority The ofteacherswith the attitude between association was no there that study revealed the present of findings The repro- towards attitude favorable moderately a had teachers the of (71.4%) majority the study, present the In akyne al. et Sankhyan ofnigsources. funding No h td a prvdb h ntttoa tisCommittee. Ethics Institutional the by approved was study The oedeclared. None ’ ofr ee ntahn bu erdcieadsxa elheducation health sexual and reproductive about teaching in level comfort EGRUYTER DE ’ s Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 1]Oj O smiO.Itouto fsxeuainit ieinshos h parents the schools: Nigerian into education sex of Introduction OA. Esimai EO, Orji [15] from: Available 25]. Jan 2019 [cited 2001 Publications; Medical Professional quarterly. sciences medical of journal Pakistan [14] Parents F. Ambaw F, Pract Alemseged T, Clin Assefa J N, Niger Fentahun education. [13] sex based school to Enugu in teachers school secondary of attitude and Knowledge Educ PN. Sex Aniebue England. [12] in education health sexual regarding teachers school secondary of attitudes and Knowledge B. Mullan J, adoles- Westwood their [11] and parents between communication health reproductive adolescents of quality and Knowledge AJ. Ajuwon Pediatr MA, J Titiloye Indian [10] Delhi. of territory capital national in education sex regarding teachers of OP. Perceptions Aggarwal S, Bhasin Kumar [9] parents the schools: Nigerian into education sex of Introduction One OA. PLoS Esimai editor. EO, AK, Orji Murthy [8] In: surveys. national from evidence Emerging education? sex for ready India in Youth TV. Sekher N, Tripathi [7] Parents F. and Ambaw reproductive F, adolescent Alemseged T, towards teachers Assefa N, and Fentahun parents [6] of Attitude al. et PS, Russell G, Babu HV, Pillai MK, Paul ML, Leena Pediatr MK, J Nair Indian [5] Delhi. of territory capital national in education sex regarding teachers of OP. Perceptions Aggarwal S, Bhasin Kumar [4] from: Available 24]. Mar 2019 [cited Children. the Health|Save Reproductive and Sexual Adolescent [3] 153 p. 2017. Publication; (Adolescence) Medical Puberty Brothers & Jaypee Development Delhi: Sexual New [2] ed. 1st nursing. pediatric of Textbook S. 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Jan 2019 [cited healthcommunities.com. ’ ’ n teachers and n teachers and ’ teachers , ’ teachers , ’ ’ tiuetwrssho e dcto.Ethiop education. sex school towards attitude tiuetwrssho e dcto.Ethiop education. sex school towards attitude ’ ’ n students and n students and – ’ 63. ’ esetvs bttGy- Obstet J perspectives. esetvs bttGy- Obstet J perspectives. akyne al. et Sankhyan 7