AMERICAN MUSE-UM NOVITATES Published by Number 1106 the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY May 13, 1941 New York City

AMERICAN MUSE-UM NOVITATES Published by Number 1106 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY May 13, 1941 New York City

PSEUDODYNERUS, A NEOTROPICAL COMPLEX OF EUMENINE WASPS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) BY J. BEQUAERT'

In 1855, H. de Saussure described briefly responds to Zavattari's group of the same and figured a wasp from Colombia, super- name (1912, Arch. f. Naturgesch. LXX- ficially resembling the North American VIII, Abt. A, Heft 4, p. 237; as a "Division" Pseudodynerus quadrisectus (Say), and re- of the subgenus Leionotus of Odyneru.s). garded it as a variety of that species. While it may appear more "natural" than Later he thought he was mistaken and, in most of the other "genera" or "subgenera" 1875, proposed the name "Monobia max- that have been split from Odynerus in the illaris" for this Colombian wasp. Zavat- old sense, it actually consists of two un- tari (1912) recognized that this was the related lines of descent. (a) Species with species described in 1906 by Br6thes as the horizontal area of the first tergite Odynerus (Stewodynerus) anisitsii. A re- rectangular and separated from the an- cent attempt to elucidate the status of a terior slope by a blunt, rudimentary carina number of American wasps homeochromic (particularly marked on the sides): P. with P. quadrisectus, led me to the present quadrisectus and P. maxillaris ( = anisitsii). revision of the group. (b) Species with a cup- or dome-shaped I have seen material of The American first tergite, without even a trace of trans- Museum of Natural History, the Museum verse carina: P. luctuosus, P. migonei, P. of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, hallinani, P. subapicalis and P. serratus. Mass.), the United States National Mu- The first group is clearly transitional to seum, the Philadelphia Academy of Nat- (and perhaps derived from) Ancistrocerus, ural Sciences, the Carnegie Museum and but the second is not. some private collectors. The relationships of the American Pseu- dodynerus to the Odynerus-like wasps with PSEUDODYNERUS DE SAUSSURE a propodeal dorsal median area of other Odynerus subg. Ancistrocerus Division Pseudo- parts of the world remain to be worked dynerus H. DE SAUSSURE, 1855, Et. Fam. Vesp., out. It may not be possible to separate III, p. 220 (monotypic for Odynerus luctuosus de them consistently from Stenodynerus de Saussure, 1855). M6m. Soc. Dorsal areas of propodeum extending medially Saussure (1863, Phys. Hist. to form a horizontal area between the post- Nat. Geneve, XVII, pt. 1, p. 228; type by scutellum and the concavity; the horizontal area present designation: Odynerus angustus more o^r less fissurate or grooved medially and de Saussure, 1863). Pseudodynerus ap- separated from the concavity by a crest. Meso- to notum without notauli (parapsidal furrows of pears be even more closely related to most authors). Vertical face of pronotum the Oriental species which de Saussure smooth, without pits or depressions. Vertex of (1862, Stettin, Ent. Zeitg., XXIII, p. 184) female with a large, semi-elliptical, flat or placed in Prorhynchium.2 In this con- area two dense slightly depressed bearing patches 2 Prorhynchium de Saussure (1855, Et. Fam. Vesp., of hairs in pits or grooves. Antenna of male 13- III, p. 174) was originally monotypic for Rhynchium segmented, the last segment folded back as a smithii de Saussure (1855), a species with a sharp transverse suture on the first tergite (as in Ancistro- hook. Labial palpi 4-segmented; maxillary cerus). Prorhynchium is therefore not separable from palpi 6-segmented. Second abdominal sternite Pararrhynchium de Saussure (1855, loc. cit., p. 193; without a longitudinal basal furrow. also monotypic for Ancistrocerus ornatus F. Smith, 1852). No name appears to be available for the As defined above, Pseudodynerus cor- Oriental Odynerus with propodeum extending medially beyond the postscutellum, but without or with a 1 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, rudimentary transverse suture on the first tergite; Mass. unless one wishes to include them in Pseudodynerus. 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1106 nection it is interesting to note that, while hind coxae. Abdomen black or with apical yellow or orange fasciae on some de Saussure recognized that the maxillary segments. Occipital and humeral mar- palpi of Pseudodynerus luctuosus ap- gins nearly straight. Clypeus of female proached the Rygchium type, he refused to about as long as greatest width. Male: place it in his "genus" Rygehium (1875, clypeus with a very even and shallow in- Smithson. Miscell. Coll., No. 254, p. 143). ward curve at apex; mid-femora not deformed, merely flattened beneath......

...... P. serratUs . KEY TO SPECIES 6.-First tergite distinctly angular in profile be- 1.-Horizontal area of first tergite separated tween the posterior horizontal area and from the anterior slope by a strong edge the anterior slope, and slightly raised bearing a rudimentary, blunt transverse medially. Lateral angles of propodeum ridge (particularly on the sides) ...... 2. broadly rounded off, scarcely marked. Horizontal area of first tergite either evenly Black, with a few ferruginous-orange rounded off into the anterior slope or markings on head, thorax and legs. bluntly angular, but never with any trace Wings mostly and fairly uniformly vio- of transverse ridge ...... 3. laceous-black...... P. hallinani. 2.-Mesonotum densely and fairly uniformly First tergite very evenly rounded off in pro- punctate, most of the punctures at least as file, not raised in the middle. Lateral large as their intervals. Sides of pro- angles of propodeum prominent, more or notum broad, seen from above forming an less raised into sharp teeth...... 7. obtuse angle with the humeral margin. 7.-Second tergite with a preapical zone of very (First and second tergites with creamy- coarse punctures extending forward in. the white preapical margins; postscutellum middle; the remainder much more finely creamy-white) ...... P. quadrisectus. punctate. Crests of superior ridges of Mesonotum rather sparsely punctate and propodeum rather low and broadly sepa- with a median impunctate area, the punc- rated in the middle. Smaller (wing 9 to tures much smaller than their intervals. 11 mm. long); black with very reduced Sides of pronotum narrow, seen from yellowish markings on clypeus, post- above forming a nearly square angle with scutellum, superior and inferior ridges of the humeral margin. (Tergites with propodeum, and legs. Wings strongly lateral, widely separated, creamy-white infuscate basally and anteriorly, gradually spots; postscutellum black). P. maxillaris. clearer apically and behind... P. griseolu&. 3.-Most of head and thorax very strongly punc- Second tergite fairly uniformly covered with tate and coarsely striate, particularly on scattered, medium-sized punctures. mesonotum. Concavity of propodeum Crests of superior ridges of propodeum strongly transversely striate. Second ter- very strong and narrowly separated in the gite humped or obtusely tuberculate near middle. Larger (wing 13 mm. long); the middle ...... P. 1uctuosus. black with the propodeum yellow over Head and thorax more weakly punctate and most of the dorsal areas and along the not striate. Concavity of propodeum lateral and inferior ridges; postscutellum mostly smooth and shiny, sometimes partly yellow; a pair of small yellow partly striolate ...... 4. medio-lateral spots on first tergite. 4.-Second abdominal tergite longitudinally Wings mostly and fairly uniformly vio- raised near the middle into a hump or laceous-black...... P. migonei.

obtuse, low ridge ...... > 5. Second abdominal tergite not raised medi- Pseudodynerus quadrisectus (Say) ally into a hump or obtuse ridge...... 6. A careful comparison of females of 5.-Wings violaceous-black in basal two-thirds, milky-white and with pale nervures in North American quadrisectus and Mexican apical third. Thorax and abdomen black. aztecus fails to disclose differences either in Both occipital and humeral margins dis- structure or in sculpture. I do not hesi- tinctly curved inward. Clypeus of fe- tate to regard them as color forms of one male distinctly longer than wide. Male: clypeus deeply, triangularly excised at species. apex; mid-femora deformed, flattened be- 1.-More extensively marked with creamy- neath and with a broad oblique depression white: humeral margin broad; spots of over basal half ...... P. subapicalis. propodeum large, often covering most of Wings strongly infuscate basally and an- the dorsal areas; preapical bands of first teriorly, gradually clearer apically, not and second tergites broad; lateral spots of divided into black basal and milky-white first tergite large and more or less extended apical areas. Thorax either black or medially (though never united), so that more or less yellowish at the crest and the horizontal area is often creamy-yellow lower ridges of propodeum; sometimes with a black diamond-shaped spot. with spots on postscutellum and mid and (North American) .... typical quadrisectus. 19411 PSEUDODYNERUS, NEOTROPICAL WASPS 3

Creamy-white markings less extensive: Kentucky, Tennessee (Roan Mt. Sta., humeral margin narrow; propodeum with six small spots or dots; preapical bands of Carter Co.), Illinois (Hilliary, 6 miles first and second tergites narrow; lateral west of Danville, Vermilion Co.; Alto spots of first tergite small, not produced Pass, Union Co.; Aldridge, Union Co.; medially. (Mexican) ...... var. aztecus. Fountain Bluff, Jackson Co.; Du Bois, Washington Co.; Havana, Mason Co.; P. quadrisectus, typical form Homer Park, Champaign Co.; Oakwood, Odynerus quadrisectus ["Say" HARRIS, 1833, in Hitchcock, Report on Geology, Mineralogy, Vermilion Co.) and Ohio (Ashland Co.; Botany and Zoology of Massachusetts, lst Sandusky Co.; Jug Run; Smithfield, Edition, p. 589 (nomen nudum) ].-SAY, 1837, Jefferson Co.; Columbus; Big Darby, Boston JI. Nat. Hist., I, pt. 4, p. 385 (Q9 d; Franklin Co.; Buckeye Lake; Marietta, United States, without more definite locality). Odrynerus (Anistroceru8) quadrisectus H. DE Highland Co.; Lawrence Co.). There is SAUSSURE, 1855, Et. Fam. Vesp., III, p. 206 (not as yet no record from New York State or the variety, nor the figure). from New England.' Odynerus (Ancistroceru8, Stenancidtroceru8) P. is clearly a Neotropical quadri8ectus H. DE SAUSSURE, 1875, Smithson. quadrisectus Miscell. Coll., No. 254, p. 193 (9 cl). element in the Nearctic fauna, together Ancistrocerus (P8eudodynerus) quadriwectus J. with Monobia quadridens (Linnaeus), Ryg- BEQUAERT, 1925, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LI, chium bidens (de Saussure), Pachymenes pp. 69 and 77 ( 9 e). de Saussure, and the species Odyneru8 bellone LEPELETIER DE ST. FARGEAU, symmorphus 1841, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., II, p. 660 (9 6; of Pachodynerus and Mi8chocyttarus. Carolina, North America). An unusual feature of this species is the Odynerus (Ancitrocerus) bellone H. DE SAuS- color of the clypeus. In the female, this SURE, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp., I, p. 146 (9Qd). is black with two curved creamy-white No complete bibliography of this North lateral spots in the upper half, close to the American wasp is here given. It occurs inner orbits. In the male, it is black with over most of the eastern United States or without the lateral spots of the female (east of the 100th Meridian), as far north (usually much reduced when present) and as northern New Jersey. I have seen it with or without a median pair of elongate from the following States: New Jersey creamy-white spots on the preapical cari- (Englewood, opposite New York City, nae; exceptionally the clypeus is more ex- northernmost locality known), Pennsyl- tensively yellow, leaving only a black vania (Pittsburgh; Ingram; West View; spearhead-shaped median area. More- Aspinwall; Westmoreland Co.; Allegheny over, the extent of the creamy-white Co.; Washington Co.; Rockview; Hunt- markings varies considerably, even in the ingdon), Delaware (New Castle Co.), same locality. Tegulae and scutellum Maryland, District of Columbia, West are generally black, exceptionally with Virginia (French Oak), Virginia (Dismal spots (in one female, the spots of the scu- Swamp), North Carolina (Cape Henry; tellum form a medially interrupted band). Ashford; Southern Pines; Valley of Black In two males there is a small lateral dot on Mts.; Dillesboro), South Carolina (Horry each side near the base of the second ter- Co.; Greenville), Georgia (Tifton; Savan- gite and one of these bears small lateral nah), Florida (Indian River; Driflon, streaks on the third tergite. The most Jefferson Co.; Paradise Key, Dade Co.; northern female I have seen (from Engle- Miami; Fort Lauderdale; Anclote River, wood, New Jersey) is richly marked, hav- Elfers; Coconut Grove; Monticello; Pine ing spotted tegulae and scutellum. Crest, Collier Co.;; Crescent City; Gaines- This wasp varies much in size. The ville; Royal Palm Park; Clearwater; Fort fore wing measures from 12 to 16 mm. in Myers; Enterprise; Deep Lake; Lake length in the female, and from 10.5 to 13 Worth; Flamingo; Biscayne Bay), Loui- mm. in the male. siana, eastern Texas (Brazos Co.; Bastrop Thaddeus William Harris, in 1833, first Co.; Fedor; McDade; Dickinson), Okla- Kansas 1 With the exception of Englewood, the localities homa (Osage Co.; Grove), eastern here listed are additional to those given in my 1925 (Baldwin), Missouri, Arkansas (Cottes), paper. 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1106 published the name "'Odynerus quadrisectus de Saussure originally regarded as a va- Say," without description, but with the riety of 0. quadrisectus, but later named locality "North Carolina" ("N. C."). In Monobia maxillaris. He preferred, how- the Harris Collection, now at the New ever, to use Brethes' later name. I can- England Museum of Natural History not agree with his statement that M. max- (Boston), there is a female of quadrisectus illaris was never described. In fact it was named by Say himself and no doubt the based on a published figure, which itself specimen recorded by Harris in 1833. As was accompanie(l by a description. this was four years before Say published The only reliable structural differences his description, the specimen is obviously I can find between P. quadrisectus and P. one of the original types and, so far as maxillaris are those given in the key. known, the only one now in existence. I Bertoni (1918) states that in P. quadrisectus have examined this wasp and it is of the the lateral angles of the propodeum are not species now called quadrisectus. The type sharply projecting, as in P. maxillaris. of Lepeletier's bellone is probably at the But the shape of the lateral angles varies Paris Museum. considerably in my large series of quadri- P. quadrisectus var. aztecus (de Saus- sectus, being either completely rounded off sure) or more or less produced; and in some Odynerus (Odynerus) aztecus H. DE SAUSSURE, cases they are exactly as in maxillaris. 1857, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) IX, p. 275 (9 c; Two color forms may be recognized. Tampico, Mexico). 1. Tergites 1 and 2 only with lateral spots (ex- Odynerus (Ancistrocerus, Stenancistrocerus) ceptionally the third also with a small aztecus H. DE SAUSSURE, 1875, Smithson. Mis- spot) . typical maxillaris. cell. Coll., No. 254, p. 192 (9 ce). Tergites 1, 2, 3, and 4 with large lateral spots Odynerus aztecus DALLA TORRE, 1894, Cat. .var.garleppi. Hym., IX, p. 55. Odyneruis (Ancistrocerus) aztecuts DALLA TORRE, 1904, Gen. Insect., Vesp., p. 40. P. maxillaris, typical form SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Mexico: Chi- Odynerus (Ancistroceruis) quadrisectuls var. H. DE SAUSSURE, 1855, Et. Fain. Vesp., III, p. 206, chen Itza, Yucatan, 3 females, June, 1929 PI. ix, fig. 9 (9 ; Santa Marta, Colombia). (J. Bequaert); San Rafael, Jicoltepec, Monobia maxillaris H. DE SAUSSURE, 1875, State of Vera Cruz, 3 males. Smithson. Miscell. Coll., No. 254, p. 193, foot- These six specimens agree almost to the note (9 ; with reference to his P1. ix, fig. 9 of 1855). letter with (le Saussure's detailed descrip- Odynerus (Stenodynerus) anisitsii BRkTHES, tion (1875), except that the mid and hind 1906, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3) VI, p. 366 coxae are streaked with creamy-white. (9Q; Villa Morra, Paraguay) .-A. DE WINKEL- The submarginal border of the second ter- RIED BERTONI, 1918, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (2) No. 3, pp. 200 and 207. gite is continuous in all. The size of the Odynerus (Leionotus, Pseutdodynerus) anisitsi spots on the propodeum varies. In the ZAVATTARI, 1912, Arch. f. Naturg., LXXVIII, female, the clypeus is black with broad Abt. A, Heft 4, pp. 238 anld 239. upper lateral yellow margins and two pre- SPECIMENS EXAMINED.-Costa Rica: apical yellow streaks; in the male, it is Without more definite locality, one female entirely yellow. The size varies: fore (Schild and Burgdorf).-Colombia: Ca- wing 13 to 15 mm. long in female, 10.5 to cagualito, 20 miles E. of Santa Marta, 1500 12 mm. in male. ft., two females (Herbert H. Smith); It is remarkable that the more tropical Muzo, Dept. Boyaca, 900 m., one female form of this species should show a reduc- (J. Bequaert).-Bolivia: Las Juntas, two tion in the extent of the pale markings. males (Steinbach); Cuatro Ojos, one male H. de Saussure's types are probably in (Steinbach); Sa. Cruz de la Sierra, one Geneva. female (Steinbach); Prov. Sara, one female Pseudodynerus maxillaris (de Saus- (Steinbach); Buenavista, Dept. Sa. Cruz, sure) 450 m., one female.-Paraguay: Sapucay, Zavattari recognized that 0. anisitsii one female (W. T. Foster); Villarrica, Brethes was the wasp from Colombia which two females (F. Schade). PSEUDODYNERUS, NEOTROPICAL WASPS 5

The typical form is also reported from From the published descriptions they may southern Brazil (Sao Paulo; Espirito be separated as follows: Santo). In Colombia it occurs only in the 1.-Thorax and abdomen entirely black. Wings Tierra Caliente, Zavattari's record from slightly subhyaline in the fourth sub- being based on an error in label- marginal cell ...... var. beelzebub. "Bogoti" Thorax and abdomen not both entirely black. ling.' Wings entirely violaceous-black ...... 2. Of the seven females seen, six are marked 2.-Thorax with creamy-white or pale yellow exactly as figured by de Saussure and de- spots on pronotum and dorsal areas of scribed by Brethes. The female from propodeum. Abdomen with two rounded however, has in pale yellow spots at the base of the second Buenavista, Bolivia, tergite .. var. mina-palumboi. addition to the spots on tergites 1 and 2, a Thorax black, without spots. Abdomen transverse preapical spot on each side of with two rounded creamy-yellow spots tergite 3, being therefore transitional to near the base of second tergite...... var. garleppi...... typicalluctuosus. H. de Saussure's type of maxillaris is probably in Geneva. Brethes type of P. luctuosus, typical form Odynerus (Ancistrocerus, Pmeudodynerus) luc- anisitsii was described from the collection tuo8u8 H. DE SAUSSURE, 1855, Et. Fam. Vesp., of the "Escuela Normal de Seiioritas No. III, p. 220 (9; "L'Amfrique. Probablement la 1' of Buenos Aires. Caroline du Sud"). Odynerus luctuosus F. SMITH, 1857, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., V, p. 83.-DALLA TORRE, 1894, Cat. P. maxillaris var. garleppi Schrottky Hym., IX, p. 76. Stenodynerus ani8it8i subsp. garleppi Odynerus (Odynerus, Stenodynerus) luctuosus SCHROTTKY, 1911, Ent. Rundschau, XXVIII, p. H. DE SAUSSURE, 1875, Smithson. Miscell. Coll.,- 11 ( 9; CuZco, Peru). No. 254, p. 311 (9). This differs from typical maxillaris only Odynerus (Lionotus) luctuosus DALLA TORRE, auf Ter- 1904, Gen. Insect., Vesp., p. 48. "durch gelbe Seitenflecken den Odynerus (Leionotus, Pseudodynerus) luctuo8us giten 3 und 4." I have taken at Restrepo, ZAVATrARI, 1912, Arch. f. Naturg., LXXVIII, Int. Meta, 500 m., Colombia, a female of Abt.A, Heft4, p. 238 (9). this variety, which is scarcely worth rec- As Zavattari recognized, this is a South ognizing by name. American wasp, known with certainty thus far from Colombia only. Zavattari Pseudodynerus luctuosus (de Saussure) records it from BogotA and Hermano I have reached the conclusion that 0. Apolinar-Maria has sent a female taken in mina-palumboi Gribodo and 0. beelzebub that locality. It was observed in the Zavattari are merely color variations of P. "savanna" or highland plain by Mr. luctuosus. So few specimens are known Luis Maria Murillo, who found it nesting that one cannot decide whether or not in the hollow stalks of reeds. (Altitude these forms should be recognized by name. approximately 2,600 m.) H. de Saussure's type should be in I In his 1912 paper Zavattari lists from "BogotA" forty solitary Vespidae belonging to Zethus, Pachy- Geneva. There is no evidence whatso- tenes, Eumenes, Montezumia, Ancistroceru8, Pseudo- ever that this wasp occurs in the United dynerus, Pachodynerus, Odynerus, and Alastor. Twenty of these are described as new, "BogotA" being States. given as the type locality.. These "BogotA" wasps were all of the Berlin Museum, Lindig being given as the collector. In 1936 I collected several days at luctuosus var. BogotA and environs, particularly in order to obtain P. mina-palumboi (Gri- Zavattari's species. I was surprised to find, however, bodo) that the Vespid fauna was extremely poor. No social species were seen and only two solitary species taken: Monobia mina-palumboi GRIBODO, 1891, Boll. Pachymenes ventricosus de Saussure and Odynerus Soc. Ent. Italiana, XXIII, p. 270 (9; Muzo, romandinus de Saussure. I was also able to go over Colombia).-DALLA TORRE, 1894, Cat. Hym., the collections of Hymenoptera made over a number of years by Hermano Apolinar-Maria, at the Instituto IX, p. 41; 1904, Gen. Insect., Vesp., p. 29.- LaSalle. These contained from BogotA only Pseudo- DUCKE, 1911, Revue d'Entom., XXVIII, p. 180, dynerus luctuo8us in addition to the two species men- Odynerus (Leionotus, Pseudodynerus) mina- tioned above. While a few more species may eventu- ally be found in the vicinity of BogotA, I feel quite palumboi ZAVATTARI, 1912, Arch. f. Naturg., certain that most of Zavattari's records were based on LXXVIII, Abt. A, Heft 4, p. 238 (9). specimens "shipped" from BogotA, but collected else- where and mostly in the warmer parts of Colombia. This variety is known only from Colom- 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1106 bia. Zavattari, who saw the type at abdomen black or very slightly testaceous Turin, recognized that it was not a Mono- along the apical margins of tergites 2 to 5). bia, but a close relative of 0. luctuosus. He It should be noted that the female type of also records it from Bogoti. griseus bears two brushes of black hairs on the vertex (not mentioned by Fox); while P. luctuosus var. beelzebub (Zavattari) the male type of serratus has the first Odyneru8 (Leionotus, Pseudodynerus) beelzebub abdominal tergite not transversely carinate ZAVATTrARI, 1912, Arch. f. Naturg., LXXVIII, Abt. A, Heft 4, pp. 237 and 239 ( 9 ; Appula, or furrowed (the "not" was accidentally Venezuela). omitted from the text of the original de- This variety is known only from the scription; butinthe "key," on pp. 67-69, type at the Berlin Museum. the species is placed correctly in the group with "first abdominal segment not cari- Pseudodynerus subapicalis (Fox) nated"). Odynerus (Stenodynerus) subapicalie Fox, So far as may be judged from the de- 1902, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 67 scriptions, 0. crinitus is not separable from and 69 (9 d; Mararu; Chapada; Rio de P. serratus var. griseus; 0. mondaiensis Janeiro; Santarem; all in Brazil). appears to be identical with typical P. Odynerus (Leionotus) subapicalis DALLA TORRE, 1904, Gen. Insect., Vesp., p. 55. serratus; but 0. penicillatus may be a dis- Stenodynerus subapicalis A. DE WINKELRIED tinct color form. BERTONI, 1918, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (2) No. Fox states of the male type of 0. ser- 3, pp. 202 and 207. ratus: "The first segment bears above SPECIMENS EXAMINED.-Peru: El Cam- close to apical margin a tooth-like projec- pamiento, Col. Perene, June 19, 1920, one tion, which may be a malformation. Other female (J. C. Bradley).-Colombia: Re- specimens are needed to verify this." strepo, Int. Meta, 500 m., one female and While in the type this structure appears two males, at flowers of Mikania scandens perfectly normal, it nevertheless must be (J. Bequaert); Cacagualito, 20 miles an abnormality, since none of the other east of Santa Marta, 1,500 ft., Dept. specimens of 0. serratus seen, of either sex, Magdalena, one female (Herbert H. Smith). show a trace of it, although they agree in I have also seen Fox' types at the Car- every other respect with Fox' type. negie Museum in Pittsburgh. The species is now known from Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, P. serratus, typical form and Colombia. Odynerus (Stenodynerus) serratus Fox, 1902, The female type has two brushes of Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 65 and 69 hairs on the vertex behind the ocelli, as in (e; Corumba, Brazil). Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) serratus DALLA other species of Pseudodynerus. Although TORRE, 1904, Gen. Insect., Vesp., p. 54. this species agrees with P. serratus in the Stenodynerus serratus A. DE WINKELRIED humped second tergite, it is readily sepa- BERTONI, 1918, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (2) No. rated structurally by the characters given 3, pp. 192, 202, and 207 (on p. 208, also as in the key. Odynerus (Stenancistrocerus) serratus). SPECIMENS EXAMINED.-Paraguay: Pseudodynerus serratus (Fox) Villarrica, one female (allotype) and one 0. serratus Fox, 0. griseus Fox, 0. peni- male (F. Schade). Allotype at Mus. cillatus Zavattari, 0. crinitus Zavattari, Comp. Zool.;Cambridge, Mass. and S. mondaiensis Bertoni are probably I have compared these specimens with all color variants of one structural species, the type at the Carnegie Museum. but my material is insufficient either to Most probably mondaiensis Bertoni is settle the matter or to decide how many of identical with the typical form of P. the forms deserve recognition in nomen- serratus (see below). clature. All specimens I have seen are FEMALE (undescribed).-Very similar -to the male in structure and color markings. Clypeus either typical serratus (with well-marked, entirely black, broadly pear-shaped, about as broad, bright yellow apical fasciae on ter- high as wide; apical margin slightly less than gites 2 to 5) or the var. griseus (with the one-third of greatest width, with a distinct, PSEUDODYNERUS, NEOTROPICAL WASPS 7 though slight inward curve, and short, sharp them from typical serratus. These types lateral angles. Vertex with the usual two brushes of erect hairs. are colored like Zavattari's female crinitus, Length (h. + th. + t. 1 + 2): 10.5 mm.; which no doubt is the same form. In of fore wing, 10 mm. particular they have the scape black or somewhat ferruginous beneath and the P. serratus var. mondaiensis (Bertoni) mid and hind coxae spotted with yellow. Stenodynerus mondaiemsis A. DE WINKELRIED BERTONI, 1918, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (2) No. 3, pp. 200 and 207 (9 cJ; Puerto Bertoni, Para- P. serratus var. penicillatus (Zavattari) guay). Odynerus (Leionotus, Pseudodynerus) penicil- l-atus ZAVATTARI, 1912, Arch. f. Naturg., I have not seen this form, the descrip- LXXVIII, Abt. A, Heft, 4, pp. 238 and 240 (9; tion of which is reproduced below. I am Cayenne, French Guiana). unable to see how it is to be separated from I have not seen this form, but from the typical P. serratus. The type of P. ser- description it would seem to be a color ratus agrees well with Bertoni's account, form of P. serratus. Zavattari separates the author himself pointing out that the it from his crinitus ( = serratus var. griseus) color is rather variable. by the different punctation (coarser and "Faem. S. serrato Foxi simillimus; sed griseo- denser on the thorax in penicillatus), the puberulus, alis fusco-hyalinis, segmento mediario a flavo ornato abdominisque segmentorum 2-5 color of the scape (with yellow line be- apicibus crasse punctatis. Niger; mandibu- neath), of the mid and hind coxae (with- larum basi, oculorum margine contra antennas, out yellow spots) and of the wings ("alis elypei margine utrinque lineolisque duabus hyalinis paulum flavescentibus ad costam apicalibus, scapo subtus, punctis duobus inter antennas, femoris 1i linea antica, metanoti crista aliquantulo infumatis, nervis et stigmate et punctulo utrinque abdominisque segmentorum piceis"). 2-6 apice (late), flavis; abdominis segmento 1° utrinque ferrugineo-limbato; tegulis testaceo- Pseudodynerus auratoides (Bertoni) unimaculatis; flagello subtus, tarsisque apice, Stenodynerus auratoides A. DE WINKELRIED ferrugineis. Abdominis segmento primo haud BERTONI, 1918, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (2) No. transverse carinato. Clypeo crasse rugoso- 3, pp. 201 and 207 (9 &; Puerto Bertoni, Para- punctato, subtiliter granuloso, apice trianguliter guay). emarginato, bidentato, sat bicarinato; metanoti foveola postica sparsissime punctata, inferne I have not seen this species, the descrip- transversaliter striata. Long. corp. 13 mm.; al. tion of which is reproduced below. It is 10.-Var. a: carina inter antennas basi flava; evidently very closely related to P. ser- b: clypeo, scapo et carina inter antennas, nigris; ratus and P. subapicalis owing to the c: clypeo apice nigro; mandibulis plus minusve nigris, abdominis segmentis 2-6 anguste och- humped second tergite. In some respects raceo-limbatis, sternitis limbis fere nullis.-El it agrees better with my specimens of P. color de las alas tambien es un tanto variable. subapicalis than with P. serratus, although El macho no ofrece diferencias notables; el the color is practically that of typical ser- clipeo con igual disefno y escodatura, parece mas corto que en la hembra." ratus. The shape of the mid-femora 'of the male is not mentioned. I P. serratus var. griseus (Fox) "O. (St.) serrato similis; sed major, clypeo Odynerus (Stenodynerus) griseus Fox, 1902, magis flavo, metanoto pone post-scutellum Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 66 and 69 minus producto abdominisque segmento primo (9 d; Chapada and Corumba, Brazil). haud transverse impresso.-Faem. Atra, dense Odynerus (Synlmorphus) griseus DALLA TORRE, aureo-sericea; mandibulis longitudinaliter, mar- 1904, Gen. Insect., Vesp., p. 46. ginibus lateralibus clypei, frontis punctis 2 vix Stenodynerus griseus A. DE WINKELRIED BER- contiguis et fascia transversa prope elypeum, TONI, 1918, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (2) No. 3, scapo subtus, margine oculorum contra anten- pp. 202 and 207. nas, tibiis anticis intus, spina mesonoti, metanoti Odynerus (Leionotus, Pseudodynerus) crinitus canthis, abdominis segmentorum 2i-5i apice 6°- ZAVATTARI, 1912, Arch. f. Naturg., LXXVIII, que segmento in medio, flavis; labro ex flavo- Abt. A, Heft 4, pp. 238 and 241 (9; Salo Joao del ferrugineo; pedibus anticis fere obscure-ferru- Rei, Brazil). gineis, aureo-hirtis. Alis ferrugineis, apice 1 A female of P. auratoides, from Nova Teutonia, I have seen the types and paratypes of Est. Sa Catharina, Brazil, recently received from Mr. 0. and I am unable to find a re- F. Plaumann, shows that this is a distinct species, griseus readily separated from P. serratus by the shape of the liable structural character to separate postscutellum. 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1106 fusco hyalinis. Capite dense irregulariterque with a deep, semi-elliptical emargination, the punctato, sparsim tomentoso, vertice cirris 2 lateral angles forming long and sharp, flat, tri- pilorum fuscorum instructo; carina interanten- angular teeth. Clypeus black, with upper nalia sursum versus lineato-impressa; clypeo lateral margins and two small spots in lower third subcordiformi, striato-punctato et minute granu- yellow. loso, apice biangulato, paullum triangulariter Length (h. + th. + t. 1 + 2): 11.5 mm.; emarginato; mandibulis 3-striatis. Thorace of fore wing, 11.5 mm. elongato sat punctato punctulatoque; pronoto antice cristato, angulato, utrinque cum pleuris Pseudodynerus migonei (Bertoni) rotundato-congruente; mesonoto dense tomentoso, paullum convexo, lineis nullis, prope tegulas Odynerus (Stenodynerus) migonei A. DE WIN- vx impunctato; tegulis sericeis, fere impunc- KELRIED BERTONI, 1926, Rev. Soc. Cient. Para- tatis; scutello transverso, longitudinaliter paullo guay, II, 1 (1925) p. 77 (9; Cordillera Amam- carinato, sparsim punctato et punctulato; post- bai, 56° W., 230 30' S., Paraguay). scutello integro, comfertim et grosse punctato, SPECIMEN EXAMINED.-Brazil: Ma- postice depresso; metanoto in medio supra quam post-scutellum sat breviore, grosse crebreque racaj6, Est. Matto Grosso, April-May, punctato, cristato-serrato ut in 0. serrato Foxi; 1937, one female (G. Fairchild). foveola postica sat concava, puberula, punctis This female agrees in every detail with Ber- fere nullis, verticaliter excisa, utrinque acute toni's description, which is here reproduced: unidentata, inferne transverse bistriata; meso- "Faem. Atra; postscutelli linea transversa, pleuris crebre punctatis, metapleuris oblique metanoto maxima parte (foveola nigra) ab- strigatis. Abdomine densissime sericeo, ovato- dominisque segmento 10 puncto utrinque, luteis. oblongo, modice punctato; segmento 10 antice Alis nigrocyaneis. Clypeo cordiformi, valde truncato, magis lato quam longo, supra cupuli- punctato, semicirculariter emarginato. Capite formi, in medio paullo impresso, subtus carina thoraceque dense punctatis; vertice cirris 2 transversa laevigata; segmento 20 magis lato pilorum instructo, semicirculariter impresso; quam longo, cupuliformi, supra in tuberculum metanoto pone postscutellum producto, serrato- tumescentem producto; 5°-6° fere laevigatis. cristato; foveola rotundata margine utrinque Long. corp. 14-17 mm., al. 11-12.-Mas. unidentata. Abdomine modice punctato, griseo Clypeo magis flavo, elongato, valde emarginato, sericeo; 10 segmento antice rotundato, magis sparse punctato; labro flavo; mandibulis longi- rato quam longo, in medio supra longitudinaliter tudinaliter sulphureis; tegulis nigris; abdominis impresso. Long. corp. 15 mm., al. 13." tuberculo fere nullo; unco antennarum gracili, ferrugineo, subeylindrico, usque ad apicem art. new 10mi attingente. Long. 12-13 mm." Pseudodynerus hallinani, species Medium-sized; black with a few ferruginous- Pseudodynerus griseolus (Brethes) orange markings on head, thorax and legs; wings violaceous-black. First tergite angular in pro- Odynerus (Stenodynerus) griseolus BRtTHES, file and slightly raised medially; second tergite 1909, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3) XII, p. not humped, uniformly punctate. Propodeum 58 (c; Tucuman, Argentina). with lateral angles broadly rounded off; superior SPECIMENS ExAMINED.-Brazil: Co- ridges crested over upper horizontal portion only. rumbt, State of Matto Grosso, one female Length (h. + th. + t. 1 + 2): 12.5mm.; of fore wing, 12 mm. (allotype) and one male, December, 1919 FEMALE.-Head (Fig. 1B) subeircular seen in (J. C. Bradley). Allotype at Mus. Comp. front, nearly as high as.wide; seen from above, Zool., Cambridge, Mass. transverse, about one and a half times as wide as The male of this pair agrees perfectly long; occipital margin nearly straight. Vertex and cheeks margined throughout by a sharp with Brethes' description. The species carina, which is stronger on the cheeks than at resembles certain forms of P. serratus, the the occiput. Cheeks very wide and distinctly main difference being the lack of even a swollen in the upper two-thirds, as wide at the trace of hump on the second tergite; in occiput as the upper part of the eye in profile, gradually narrowed to the lower third and thence addition, the median portion of the pro- more rapidly to the base of the mandible; mar- podeum is shorter and more openly grooved ginal carina evenly curved, convex, separated than in serratus, with the crests of the up- only by a narrow groove from the eye near the much shorter and farther' apart, mandible. Inner orbits farther apart on the per ridges vertex than at the clypeus; upper half of frons and both occipital and humeral margins are scarcely swollen. Ocelli in a flattened trianglei deeply curved inward. posterior pair about as far apart as from the eyes FEMALE (undescribed).-Similar in structure and more than twice as far from the occipital and color markings to the male. Clypeus very margin. Interocellar area and vertex slightly broadly pear-shaped, about as wide as long; flattened; the two tufts of brownish hairs of, the apical margin about one-third of greatest width, vertex unusually-large, long and dense, narrowly PSEUDODYNERUS, NEOTROPICAL. VWASPS 9 divided medially. Antennal sockets about twice carina, narrowly interrupted in the middle; the as far apart as from the eyes; area between them carina much stronger on the sides, below the slightly raised and with a low, blunt, median, humeral angles, which.are square, not prominent, even keel. Clypeus elongate pear-shaped, blunt; sides of pronotum slightly shouldered, slightly longer than wide, scarcely convex; disk but not ridged between the dorsal and lateral flattened medially in upper half, depressed or areas. Mesonotum longer than wide; notauli somewhat excavated in lower part; apical, free absent. Tegula short and broad, normal; post- portion longer than basal, interocular part; tegula distinct, broad. Scutellum rectangular, apical margin about one-third of the greatest nearly twice as wide as long, flat, not depressed width of the clypeus, with a very slight inward medially. Post3cutellum very broadly tri- curve; the lateral angles broadly triangular, angular, about half as long as scutellum, from rounded off, each bearing a blunt carina which which it is separated by a deep, smooth suture; extends over the lower third of the clypeus (the nearly horizontal, slightly swollen transversely two carinae slightly diverging above). An- over anterior half. Mesepisternal suture com- tenna: scape slender; flagellum almost uni- plete; a strong prepectal suture from the mese-

Fig. 1. Pseudodynerus hallinani J. Bequaert, female holotype: A, body in profile; B, head seen in front; C, thorax from above. formly thick throughout. Mandible slightly pisternal suture to the middle of the meso- shorter than the height of the eye, straight, sternum. Propodeum long, vertically truncate rather narrow; apex bluntly pointed, slightly behind, moderately swollen on the sides; dorsal curved; inner cutting edge with three long, low areas touching each other broadly; the median teeth. Maxillary palpi of six segments, which horizontal area only slightly shorter than the decrease gradually in length from the first to the postscutellum, divided by a narrow furrow; fifth, the sixth distinctly longer than the fifth. concavity very wide, moderately depressed; Labial palpi of four segments, the last about half superior ridges with a sharp, slightly curved crest the length of the third. in upper horizontal portion only, the edge of the Thorax (Fig. 1A and C) rectangular from crest translucent and somewhat jagged; the two above, slightly narrower anteriorly than pos- crests broadly separated by the median notch; teriorly, about one and one-third times as long as lateral ridges very weak, blunt; inferior ridges wide across the tegulae. Pronotum distinctly rounded off; lateral angles not at all marked, but gradually narrowed toward the humeral very broadly rounded off; no teeth near articular margin, which is straight and bears a low, fine valvulae. 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1106

Abdomen (Fig. 1A) moderately stubby and half of the second tergite much finer, but gradu- rather evenly narrowed anteriorly and poste- ally merging into the coarser apical punctation. riorly, slightly depressed. First tergite short, Erect pilosity sparse, gray. transverse, nearly rectangular seen from above; Black, with the following ferruginous or its horizontal portion about one and a half times orange-ferruginous markings: most of mandi- as wide as long in the middle, slightly narrower bles; scape; under side of flagellum (extending than the second; in profile about half the length over most of the basal segments); a streak on of the second tergite, very abruptly sloping an- upper cheeks; anterior half, hind margin and teriorly; the transition between the slope and lateral lobes of pronotum; tegulae; posttegulae; the horizontal area bluntly angular, slightly a small spot on upper mesopleura; two trans- raised or almost tuberculate medially; dorsally verse spots on postscutellum; crests of superior with a shallow longitudinal depression. Apical ridges and lateral angles of propodeum; articular margins of all tergites normal, not thickened nor valvulae; very narrow apical margins of first raised, very narrowly translucent. Second ter- tergite; and most of legs (coxae, mid and hind gite evenly convex, not humped; second sternite femora, and outer side of mid and hind tibiae very evenly convex basally; the postarticular black or brownish-black). Upper and lateral transverse groove smooth, not ribbed nor margins and apical carinae of clypeus, narrow foveolate. Legs normal. Venation as usual. lower inner orbits, supra-antennal frontal spot, Head and thorax mostly covered with coarse and middle of mandibles, yellow, edged with punctures, somewhat finer on scutellum, very ferruginous. Wings uniformly purplish black. weak on sides and apex of clypeus and on postscutellum; the space between the larger punc- Canal Zone of Panama: Culebra- tures of the thorax with minute punctures; con- Trail, female holotype, November cavity of propodeum and tegulae impunctate, Arrijan smooth. Abdomen with medium-sized, distant, 26, 1914 (T. Hallinan). American Mu- evenly scattered punctures; those of the basal seum of Natural History.