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A New Histiostomid Mite (Acari: Astigmatina: Histiostomatidae) from Blue Penguin Burrows

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A New Histiostomid Mite (Acari: Astigmatina: Histiostomatidae) from Blue Penguin Burrows Available online at www.nznaturalsciences.org.nz A new histiostomid mite (Acari: Astigmatina: Histiostomatidae) from blue penguin burrows. J.M. Clark Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8001, New Zealand, and Faculty of Health and Science, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 540, Christchurch, New Zealand. Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] (Received 7 December 2009, revised and accepted 3 February 2010) Abstract Histiostoma mantelli new species is described and illustrated from females and males collected from moulting burrows of blue penguin Eudyptula minor at Tongaporutu, North Taranaki, New Zealand. Keywords: Histiostomatidae - Histiostoma - new species - guano mite - blue penguin – Eudyptula minor – New Zealand Introduction and Ramsay (1966). Fain & Galloway (1993) described the trophic forms of the Mites of the family Histiostomatidae are guano mite, Myianoetus antipodus from often collected as phoretic deutonymphs white-flippered penguinEudyptula minor on insects but the feeding life-history albosignata burrows or moulting sites on stages use damp temporary habitats. Motunau Island and Banks Peninsula. Histiostomatidae is one of the largest Clark (2009) described the deutonymph families of the Astigmatina with about of that species. This paper describes a 500 species in 58 genera (Kurosa & second histiostomid species from blue Tagami 2006; OConnor 2009). They penguin E. minor burrows. frequently feed on bacteria, fungi or nematodes in habitats such as guano or Methods and Conventions dung. The family is regarded as a basal group to the astigmatine mites (OConnor Penguin burrow floor material consisting 2009). Some are aquatic (Fashing 2002). of compacted guano and feathers from However few genera are described from two vacant blue penguin E. minor both the deutonymphs and trophic forms moulting chambers was removed and (larva, nymphs and adults) and about 85% examined under a dissecting microscope. of named species are described only from Mites were collected, cleared in Nesbitt’s the deutonymph. Thus two taxonomies of fluid; slide mounted in Hoyer’s gum the family exist. The native New Zealand chloral; viewed under phase contrast histiostomids are poorly known, athough optics and illustrated with the aid of a a member of the Histiostoma feroniarum camera lucida. Myianoetus antipodus group, a cosmopolitan synanthrope, was present, in addition to a second was reported by Womersley (1941) histiostomid species that is described New Zealand Natural Sciences (2010) 35: 9-16. © New Zealand Natural Sciences 10 New Zealand Natural Sciences 35 (2010) here. All measurements given are in Histiostoma mantelli new species micrometres. Adult leg nomenclature, including coxal setae, follows Bongers FEMALE: Figures 1 & 2. Length x width et al. (1985); adult body setae use means 275 x 150; range 250-310 x 130- Grandjean’s system (Griffiths 1990); 200 (6 paratypes). Box to egg shaped; propodosomal setae nomenclature guanine white, with thin shiny cuticle follows OConnor (2009) i.e. rostral and pale legs. Gnathosoma: Figure 2. (ro), lamellar (le), for the setae formerly Chelicerae much flattened to a blade 6 ve and vi and the two posterior pairs are deep, fixed digit with a hoe-like apical the interlamellar (in) and the exbothridial tooth 5 long and two equal sub-apical (ex) formerly called si and se. teeth 1 long; movable digit with at least one strong apical tooth. Solenidion ω 35 Systematics with eupathidia ul’ 8; sub-capitular m 8. Dorsum: Figure 1. Prodorsal shield Family diagnoses of Histiostomatidae 60 x 60 punctate, domed. Rostral setae Berlese, 1897 (= Anoetidae, Oudemans, ro filiform spiralled c.30 long; lamellar 1904) are given in OConnor (2009) and le flagelliform 14 long pressed to shield. Schuecher (1957). Generic diagnoses are Propodosomal shield interlamellar se- given in Scheucher (1957) and Hughes & tae in 15, exbothridial ex 25 long both Jackson (1958). While Scheucher (1957) pectinate arising on the shield margin; provided keys to genera and species shield 55 wide. Sejugal furrow entire, based on male, female and deutonymph deep. Hysterosomal cuticle thick, warty characters, Hughes & Jackson (1958) or striated bearing 4 pair of dorsal shields and other workers, notably Mahunka as illustrated; Setae d1, c2 and c3 not in- (1972), based their keys solely on the serted to shields; all dorsal setae curved, deutonymph. The deutonymph was pectinate 15 – 25 long on shield lateral or not available for description in this new posterior edges. Vestigial alveoli present species. on shields of segment E. Setae h1 and h2 The generic diagnosis for females of (obscured on caudal bulge) appear to be Histiostoma Kramer, 1876 in Scheucher on pedestals, not shields. Bursa copula- (1958) is translated from German as: trix is on a level with seta e1 inserted on ovipore (vulva) transverse between coxa a raised cone and connected to a long II & III; anterior genital papillae on same ductus. Internal spermathecal sclerites level; posterior genital papillae high in not seen. Cupules ia and im as illustrated; coxal field IV or medial between III & ip not seen. IV: and for males as; genital apparatus Venter: Figure 2. Ovipore transverse, hardly protrusible; tarsus I with one dor- flanked by sejugal apodemes slightly in sal terminal setiform setae; tibia I & II front of the anterior genital papillae (agp): with solenidion φ short. Hughes (1976) posterior genital papillae (pgp) mid-way provided a similar generic diagnosis in between ovipore and anus anterior. All English. The species described below papillae circular, 3 in diameter. Coxal, bears these characters. A list of 300 species genital and pseudanal setae all 12 long. of the Histiostomatidae is available online All coxae with a punctate triangular pat- (Hallan 2008). Histiostoma contains 95 tern. Epimeres I meet to be weakly fused: species on that list. Epimeres II, III and IV short and free. Never more than one egg /female. CLARK: A new guano mite from blue penguin burrows 11 Legs: Figure 2. All pretarsi have pul- d and pR that are setiform, on legs I and villi. On legs III and IV there is a ventral II; Solenidiotaxy (genua-tibia-tarsi): Leg pullvilus lobe which is pointed in a lateral I, 2 3 1; II, 1 1 1; III, 0 1 0; IV, 0 1 0. view (Figure 2C). The average length On leg I, σ1, σ2 both 15, φ 22, ω1 22, ω2 of leg segments; tarsus (incl. pretarsus), 12, ω3 10. On leg II, σ1 10, φ 20, ω1 27. tibia, genua, femur for legs I – IV; I, 65 On leg III, φ 20. On leg IV, φ 20. 25 20 35; II, 60 20 20 35; III, 55 20 20 20; IV, 70 20 20 30; (Σ, 145 135 115 MALE: Figures 3 & 4. Sexual dimorphism 140) n = 3 paratypes. Leg chaetotaxy , marked. Length (incl. gnathosoma) x I – IV: Tarsus, 13 12 10 10; Tibia, 2 2 width 240 x 130, n=4 paratypes. Box 1 1; Genua, 2 2 0 0; Femora, 1 1 0 1; like body shape; male is smaller and more Trochanters, 1 1 1 0. Setae aa and ba fan sclerotised than female. Cerotegument like, fluted and flattened. On legs I and II with detritus attached. Legs of female setae gT, hT, cG, mG and on legs III and form - unmodified. IV, kT, d and w are all flattened, curved, Dorsum: Figure 3. Rugose, pig- asymmetrical and hyaline as illustrated. mented with rostral setae (ro) and lamellar Other leg setae are conical spines except Figure 1: Female dorsum 12 New Zealand Natural Sciences 35 (2010) Figure 2: Female venter. (le) as for female. Setae in and ex equal flagelliform, equal, 12 long, set in thick- 12 long but flagelliform, not pectinate as ened cuticle; not on shields as in female. in female. Raised thicker cuticle holding No vestigial alveoli f1 seen. Cupules as setae in and ex forming indistinct shield illustrated; cupule ip not seen. margins – not illustrated. Sejugal furrow Venter: Figure 4. Thickened pig- distinct. Hysterosomal setae are all curved mented cuticle stronger anteriorly with CLARK: A new guano mite from blue penguin burrows 13 punctation. Epimeres I fused to short inside the mite. Setae Cx I, CxIII, CxIV, sternum c. 20 long; epimeres II faintly ga, ps2 and h3 all equal about 12 long; enclosing entire coxal field , almost fused ps2, 20 long. to epimeres III. Epimeres III weak but Legs: Figure 3 & 4. Segment lengths enclosing almost entire coxal field and of tarsus (incl. pretarsus), tibia, genua, having stronger epimerite. Copulatory femur for legs I – IV; I 50 20 20 25; II, organ level with posterior genital papilla, 45 15 15 30; III, 45 15 15 25; IV, 50 20 CxIV seta and posterior of coxa IV field. 20 25; (Σ 115 105 100 115). Chaetotaxy Both pgp and agp set as to form a trape- as for female. Setae form as for female but zium in a trench with superficial ringsagp shorter; tibial and genual spines on I and and pgp 3 in diameter but opening into II not conical, but flattened, often lying larger chitinous cones, not illustrated, near the cuticle of leg segment. Solenidi- Figure 3: Male dorsum 14 New Zealand Natural Sciences 35 (2010) Figure 4: Male venter otaxy as for female. On leg I, σ1 10, σ2 7, Notes φ 25, ω1 20, ω2 15, ω3 (curved rod with membrane) 10. On leg II, σ1 10, φ 15, ω1 The new species occurred at Tongaporutu 27. On leg III, φ 15. On leg IV, φ 15. with another guano mite, Myianoetus antipodus Fain & Galloway (1993). DEUTONYMPH: Unknown On Nov 14 2009 Myianoetus antipodus was collected from an E. minor burrow Etymology entrance under the Matiatia wharf, Waiheke Island, Auckland. Thus M. The mite is named for the late Mr. Lynley antipodus is now recorded from Hauraki Mantell; farmer and conservationist of Gulf, North Taranaki Bight and Pegasus Tahora and Tongaporutu.
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