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More Than a Scenic Mountain Landscape: Valles Caldera National Preserve Land Use History

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More Than a Scenic Mountain Landscape: Valles Caldera National Preserve Land Use History APPENDIX I. Annotated Bibliography Kurt F. Anschuetz and Thomas Merlan Aberle, Sophie D. 1948 The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico: Their Land, Economy, and Civil Organization. Memoirs 70. Menasha, WI: American Anthropological Association. In the introduction, Aberle emphasizes the importance of the relationship between the Pueblos and their ethnographic landscapes: Land being the basis of Pueblo economy, to understand the Indian’s relation to his soil is vital. The years of contention over boundaries, titles to grants, and legislation influence the Indian’s habit of thought as well as his laws…Land in the eyes of the Indian is his most precious possession. (p. 5) Aberle adds that before the Europeans’ introduction of legal concepts for the private ownership of land, “Land was probably owned communally as is all the range and some agricultural land today, with small farms controlled by generations of the same family, but always with the tacit approval of the head man of the tribe” (p. 7). Adams, Eleanor B., ed. 1954 Bishop Tamarón’s Visitation of New Mexico, 1760. Publications in History, 15. Santa Fe: Historical Society of New Mexico. Bishop Tamarón visited New Mexico in 1760. He briefly described Jémez Pueblo. Adams also includes two letters of Bishop Crespo describing his visitation of 1730. Crespo notes that Jémez is “five leagues from the Navahos” (p. 98). Nesbit and Parker note the proximity of Jémez Pueblo to Navajo country in 1851 (see entry for Church n.d.). Adams, Karen R. 1980 Pollen, Parched Seeds and Prehistory: A Pilot Investigation of Prehistoric Plant Remains from Salmon Ruin, A Chacoan Pueblo in Northwestern New Mexico. Contributions in Anthropology, 9. Portales, NM: Eastern New Mexico University Press. Adams offers a wealth of ethnobotanical information for plants found in archaeological contexts. Major plant groups from Adam’s study also found in the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP) today include the amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), cactus (Opuntia sp.), goosefoot (Chenopodium sp.), sunflower (Artemesia sp. and Helianthus sp.), mustard (Descurainia sp.), sedge (Scirpus sp.), spurge (Euphorbia sp.), grass (Oryzopsis sp.), rush (Juncus sp.), buckwheat (Eriogonom sp. and Polygonom sp.), potato (Physalis sp.), and cattail (Typha sp.) families. Adovasio, J. M., and J. D. Gunn 1986 The Antelope House Basketry Industry. In Archaeological Investigations at Antelope House. Don P. Morris, ed. Pp. 306–397. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. The authors discuss archaeological evidence for the pre-Columbian use of Yucca baccata in basketry. Akins, Nancy J. 1993 Traditional Use Areas in New Mexico. Archaeology Notes 141. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, Office of Archaeological Studies. Relying heavily on materials generated by land claims litigated by the Indian Claims Commission (ICC), Akins addresses traditional use areas of aboriginal groups in New Mexico. The author states that given a number of reasons, “The boundaries identified in the USDA Forest Service RMRS-GTR-196. 2007 167 ICC cases are not always equivalent to an aboriginal or traditional use area” (p. 4). The land claims were based on exclusive use and occupancy of an area at the time the U.S. assumed political sovereignty over the Southwest in 1848. Akins implicitly recognizes this and notes, “No attempt was made to include areas that might be claimed on the basis of remote ancestry” (p. 9). Given the inherent limitations of information compiled for land claims cases, Akins considers only shrines and ancestral villages as traditional cultural properties associated with a community’s aboriginal use areas. In this overview, Akins discusses traditional (Indian) associations with all regions of New Mexico. She identifies the Baca Location No. 1 (Baca Location) as entirely within the aboriginal lands of the Jémez people and lists shrines in and near the Baca Location important to the Pueblo (including Wa-ve-ma; a.k.a. Cerro Redondo) (pp. 62–69). She references archeological evidence that suggests the first arrival ofTowa speakers in this general area dates to ca. A.D. 1300–1325 (see entry for Ford et al. 1972). Further inspection of Akins’ compiled map information reveals that the following Indian communities included the Valles Caldera locality within their far-reaching aboriginal territories: Jicarilla Apache (pp. 70–77), Navajo (pp. 107–113), San Ildefonso Pueblo (pp. 126–131), San Juan Pueblo (pp. 132–138), Santa Ana Pueblo (pp. 139–141), Santa Clara Pueblo (pp. 145–148), Santo Domingo Pueblo (pp. 150–153), Tesuque Pueblo (pp. 163– 165), Ute (pp. 168–174), and Zía Pueblo (pp. 181–186). Allen, Craig D. 1989 Changes in the Landscape of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation. Wildlife Resource Science, University of California, Berkeley. This dissertation examines the landscape ecology of the Jémez Mountains in and around Bandelier National Monument. The objectives of the study were to document and explain current landscape patterns, to identify and explain historic landscape changes and to discuss the implications of landscape change for local land management, in particular, Bandelier National Monument. Allen emphasizes historic human interactions with natural processes. In a short section (pp. 145–149) titled “Anthropogenic Disturbances,” he discusses livestock grazing. He concludes that (1) the extremely high historic stocking rates have led to gross alterations in the species composition of local vegetation associations (p. 147), (2) continuous grazing has caused marked reductions in herbaceous plant and litter ground cover and overgrazing has been seen as a major cause of soil erosion and arroyo cutting, and (3) overgrazing in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries effectively suppressed previous surface fire regimes throughout the landscape. The accompanying references are extensive, and relate mainly to natural history and ecology. Amsden, Charles Avery 1934 Navajo Weaving: Its Technic and History. Santa Ana, CA: Fine Arts Press, in cooperation with Southwest Museum. Amsden follows Matthews (1897) in defining the Navajo landscape: Each of the four cardinal points has its sacred mountains, the cosmic limit in that direction. North is marked by a mountain (not surely identified) in the San Juan range of southwestern Colorado; South by Mount San Mateo, later called Mount Taylor in the region of Laguna; East by a peak in the Jemez Mountains, thought by Matthews to be Pelado; West by the San Francisco Peaks, just north of Flagstaff, Arizona. (p. 123) Anschuetz, Kurt F. 1998a Genesis of Centers Within a Whole: Considering Community Formation Within the Tewa Cultural Landscape. Paper presented at Representing Common Destinies: History and the Social Construction of Community in the Southwest, sponsored by Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico, and the Southwest Center, University of Arizona General Library, Albuquerque, November 6, 1998. In this short paper, Anschuetz elaborates on the Tewa concept of center in traditional community landscape constructions. Centers are formally understood negative spaces, such as plazas and caves. In the Pueblos’ world view, centers are understood and sustained through their many-tiered relationships and connectedness to peripheries. 168 USDA Forest Service RMRS-GTR-196. 2007 Anschuetz, Kurt F. 1998b Not Waiting for the Rain: Integrated Systems of Water Management by Pre- Columbian Pueblo Farmers in North-Central New Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms. This archaeological study deals primarily with the tactics and strategies of agricultural production by Tewa Pueblo people in upland settings of the Tewa Basin. Anschuetz’s evaluation of the settlement dynamics observed archaeologically in the Lower Río Chama Valley—one of the places of intensive Tewa occupation between the late thirteenth and sixteenth centuries—is germane to the VCNP land use history study because it develops a landscape framework for considering archaeological traces in terms of what Pueblo people say about their world. Anschuetz draws from a variety of Tewa ethnographic literature for ideas about Pueblo people’s understandings of their cultural landscapes and their senses of place and time across expansive homelands in the face of ever changing natural, social, and cultural environmental conditions. This study considers the Tewas’ understandings about movement as an intrinsic part of all life in their cosmos to be congruent with the people’s material need to shift residence in response to changing environmental conditions. In doing so, this work provides a useful review of the Pueblos concepts of center, periphery, process, and connectedness. Anschuetz, Kurt F. 1998c The View from Atop Tsi Mayoh: Reflections on Spanish Colonial History; Refractions of Pueblo Tradition. Paper presented at Pecos Conference, Pecos National Historical Park, August 13–16, 1998. Anschuetz reviews traditional archaeological and historical constructions that characterize late pre-Columbian Pueblo and early Historic period Pueblo landscape occupation in terms of the abandonment of major tracts of the communities’ traditional homeland areas. He offers a landscape approach as an alternative perspective for viewing the archaeological record of Pueblo history. The paper neither casts static descriptions of Pueblo architecture, features, and artifacts as sufficient measures of culture nor depends on interpretive frameworks that
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