Situation Overview: Awerial, Yirol East and Yirol West Counties, , April - June 2019

Mapourdit, Tali, Yirol Town and Mingkaman in June as 54% of assessed settlements Introduction METHODOLOGY informal settlement site. reported the disease as the primary health .In the second quarter of 2019, insecurity and problem compared to 35% in March. To provide an indicative overview of the food shortages due to poor previous harvests • Only 26% of assessed settlements in eastern situation in hard-to-reach areas of Lakes State, continued to drive large-scale humanitarian Lakes reported that most people felt safe • Access to education remained stable REACH uses primary data from key informants needs across the eastern Lakes region. most of the time, far lower than the national between March and June in eastern Lakes, who have recently arrived from, recently visited, Reflecting the severe humanitarian situation, total of 49%. Protection concerns were with 65% of assessed settlements reporting or receive regular information from a settlement Awerial, Yirol East and Yirol West Counties driven by reported fears of cattle raiding, adequate access. Cultural practices or “Area of Knowledge” (AoK).4 Information for were projected to be facing emergency levels inter-communal violence and looting in Yirol preventing girls from receiving education this report was collected from KIs in Mingkaman (IPC phase 4) of food security in June and July East and Yirol West Counties. continued to be a primary barrier to access for informal settlement, Yirol Town and Nyang Town in Lakes State in April, May and June 2019 (See according to May’s updated Integrated Food • Only 30% of assessed settlements in eastern Map 1: Assessment coverage in Lakes State in Map 3). Security Phase Classification (IPC).1 April (A), May (B) and June 2019 Lakes reported having adequate food In-depth interviews on humanitarian needs To inform humanitarian actors working outside access and more than half of the assessed A) were conducted throughout the month using of formal settlement sites, REACH has settlements reported eating only one meal a North a structured survey tool. After data collection conducted assessments of hard-to-reach areas day. In June, poor harvests in 2018 caused Cueibet was completed, all data was aggregated at Rumbek ©OpenStreetMap in South Sudan since December 2015. Data is by irregular rainfall and insecurity remained Centre settlement level, and settlements were assigned Yirol East the modal or most credible response. When no collected on a monthly basis through interviews the primary reason for inadequate access to Rumbek with key informants (KIs) with knowledge of a food. East consensus could be found for a settlement, that Yirol West settlement was not included in reporting. settlement, and triangulated with focus group • Water, Hygiene and Sanitation (WASH) Wulu discussions (FGDs). This Situation Overview Awerial Only counties with interview coverage of at indicators suggested limited access to least 5% of all settlements5 in a given month uses this data to analyse changes in observed improved water sources and problematic B) were included in analysis. Due to access and humanitarian needs across Lakes State in the hygiene conditions. In Awerial County, only operational constraints, the specific settlements second quarter of 2019. 62% of assessed settlements reported that assessed within each county each month vary. boreholes were their main source of water ©OpenStreetMap In order to reduce the likelihood that variations Key Findings 0 - 4.9% 21 - 50% in June, with an increased reliance on in data are attributable to coverage differences, 5 - 10% 51 - 100% • Movement toward Awerial County and ponds and rivers the result of an insufficient over time analyses were only conducted for 11 - 20% Assessed settlement counties with at least 70% consistent payam6 Mingkaman informal settlement site continued number of boreholes in some settlements.3 coverage over the period. in June, driven by access to humanitarian Across eastern Lakes, only 20% of assessed services, perceptions of safety and presence # of key informant interviews conducted: 543 Quantitative findings were triangulated with settlements reported using latrines. 7 of relatives.2 Further, conflict at the border FGDs , and secondary sources. • Following the start of the rainy season, the # of assessed settlements: 407 of Yirol West and Rumbek East counties in More details of the methodology can be found prevalence of malaria being reported as # of counties covered: 3 (of 8) late May resulted in displacement toward in the AoK ToRs. the main health concern increased sharply # of focus group discussions conducted: 8

1. IPC, South Sudan: Acute Food Insecurity and Malnutrition Analysis May 2019, 14th June 2019. 5. To calculate the percentage of AoK coverage, the total number of settlements per county is based on OCHA 2. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Awerial County, 14th June 2019. settlement lists in addition to new settlements mapped by KIs reached each month. 3. Mingkaman Informal Settlement Site IPD KI Interview, 8th June 2019. 6. A Payam is an administrative district at the sub-county level. 4. Key informants are selected using purposive sampling, as such the results are indicative rather than 7. FGDs were comprised of IDPs and host community members from Awerial, Yirol East and Yirol West representative. Counties.. girls between the ages of six and seventeen. Map 3: General displacement trends and Aluakluak and Aguany displacement in the second quarter Aluak-Luak and Agany displacement For boys of the same age, assisting with work of 2019 Panyiiar In late May and June, cattle raiding and inter- outside the home was the mostC ucommonlyeibet communal violence along the border of Yirol reported barrier to accessing education in West and Rumbek East Counties resulted in eastern Lakes in June. umbek Centre wic East displacement towards Yirol Town, Mapourdit, • In June, Shelter and Non-Food Items Mingakaman informal settlement site, and Tali (NFIs) indicators remained largely in Central Equatoria (see Map 3). 8 umbek East Yirol East Nyang consistent. as Tukuls were reported as ! An assessment by REACH in Yirol Town found the most common type of shelter in 99% Nyang! that IDPs from Aluak-Luak and Agany were of assessed settlements. However, in Bor reported as living with relatives and dispersed assessed settlements that reported the Yirol! South Aluak-Luak within the town, and the main reported pull presence of Internally Displaced Persons Two ! Aluak-Luak ! factors to their chosen destinations were (IDPs), improvised shelters9 remained the Agany ! One access to humanitarian assistance, safety and most commonly reported shelter for these Yirol West To Mapourdit presence of relatives.11 residents, suggesting that IDPs oftenWu luface worse shelter conditions. According to FGD participants more than half of the population of Agany and Aluak-Luak Population Movement and ! Two were forced out of their settlements, with Displacement To Tali Awerial Mingkaman only the men reportedly remaining behind for 12 Map 2: Proportion of assessed settlements in protection. FGD participants displaced from Mvolo eastern Lakes reporting the presence of IDPs Legend: Aluak-Luak and Agany stated their desire to in June General Displacement to Awerial Countyere andke kMingkamana return to their original settlements once security Aluak-Luak and Agany Displacement had improved, reporting that they would Mundri East Summary population of these settlements, consistent with reassess the security situation in six months Rumbek North the status of Mingkaman and the surrounding time. 13 Movement toward Awerial County, and settlements as prominent IDP settlement sites. Rumbek The numbers of the displaced remain Cueibet particularly Mingkaman informal settlement site Centre Yirol East Access to humanitarian assistance was a Rumbek remained steady between March and June. In unverified, but the displacement is reflective of East Awerial County, 21% of assessed settlements major driver of movement towards Mingkaman the reported scale and impact of cattle raiding Yirol West reported the presence of IDPs, compared informal settlement site and Awerial County and inter-communal violence on the border Wulu Awerial to less than 5% in Yirol East and Yirol West in June, where 81% of assessed settlements between eastern and western Lakes.14 Counties (see Map 2). reported receiving food distribution in the last three months, compared to 12% and 17% in Situation in Assessed

©OpenStreetMap 0% 61 - 80% Movement toward Awerial County Yirol East and Yirol West Counties respectively. Settlements 1 - 20% 81 - 100% Safety and presence of relatives were other Of assessed settlements in Awerial County that Protection 21 - 40% Insufficient data reported the presence of IDPs, 66% reported commonly reported pull factors.10 Insecurity resulting from intercommunal 41 - 60% Assessed settlement that IDPs constituted at least half or more of the

8.A tukul is grass-thatched roofed shelter commonly found in South Sudan. 12. REACH, Notes on Yirol West Border Population Displacement FGD (2), 4th July 2019 2 9 An improvised shelter is made of plastic sheetings and poles 13. Ibid. 10. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Awerial County, 14th June 2019. 14. FSL Cluster, Mission Report: Cattle, Communities and Conflict in Lakes state, May 2019. 11. REACH, Notes on Yirol West Border Population Displacement FGD (1), 18th June 2019. violence and cattle raiding were major drivers felt safe most of the time. Conversely, Awerial Figure 1: Proportion assessed settlements in common in Yirol West where it was reported as of protection concerns in June and throughout County reported the highest perception of Yirol West and Yirol East reporting cattle raiding the primary protection concern for girls in 38% the second quarter of 2019. Only 26% of safety, with 55% of assessed settlements and inter-communal violence as the main of assessed settlements. assessed settlements in June reported that reporting that people felt safe most of the time. protection concern for men in June Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL) most people felt safe most of the time, a drop of Perceived safety was higher in Awerial County 14 percentage points from March and far lower where there were fewer reported incidents of In eastern Lakes, access to food remained low than the countrywide total of 49%. cattle raiding.15 but stable, with 70% of assessed settlements The reduction in perceived safety was Over 20% of assessed settlements in Yirol reporting inadequate access to food in June, particularly evident in Yirol West County, West and Yirol East Counties reported incidents similar to March (65%) (see Map 5). Over half 62+38t 61+39t of assessed settlements reported eating only where the proportion of assessed settlements of conflict resulting in the death of a civilian in Yirol West Yirol East one meal a day. reporting that they felt safe most of the time fell comparison to 5% in Awerial County. Looting 62% 61% from 38% in March to 17% in June (see Map was also a major protection concern within Inadequate food access can be attributed to a 4), which may be due to the conflict in Agany Yirol West and Yirol East Counties, with 58% and Yirol East Counties at 19% and 22% number of factors, with the main reported reason and Aluak-Luak and subsequent displacement. and 67% of assessed settlements reporting respectively. in June being irregular rainfall reducing harvest There were large discrepancies in perceptions incidents of looting in June. Of settlements Protection concerns for women and girls yields. In June, 34% of assessed settlements of safety across the other Counties in eastern in eastern Lakes that reported incidents of with inadequate access to food reported that While cattle raiding was reported as a protection Lakes. Yirol East County reported the lowest looting (48% of assessed settlements), 55% irregular rainfall in the previous harvest season concern among all assessed demographics, perception of safety in June, with only 10% reported that looting had a large impact on was the main reason. Supporting these findings, priority of protection concerns were different of assessed settlements reporting that they the settlements’ ability to access enough food, FGD participants from Yirol East County for women and girls than for men and boys. suggesting the potential negative influence of reported that due to unpredictable weather in Map 4: Proportion of assessed settlements in Assessed settlements in eastern Lakes most eastern Lakes reporting that most people felt insecurity on food access. 2018, crops stores of staples such as maize commonly reported that there were no main unsafe most of the time in June 2019 and sorghum, the foods most regularly eaten Protection concerns for men and boys protection concerns for women (31%) and girls in June (96%) were smaller than usual.17 Crops under the age of eighteen (35%). Low perceptions of safety in Yirol West and were reported as being planted early due to the Rumbek North Yirol East Counties were reportedly driven by However, in assessed settlements that did start of rain in March and April, however the rain endemic inter-communal violence and cattle report priority protection concerns for women did not continue as expected and killed many Rumbek Cueibet 16 Centre raiding, particularly along border areas. As 18 Yirol East and girls, these concerns originated more crops, resulting in a smaller harvest. Rumbek such, over 30% of assessed settlements in frequently within their own settlements, and East As cultivation was most commonly reported these counties reported that cattle raiding mostly concerned violence between neighbours Yirol West as the primary source of food by assessed Wulu was the main protection concern for men, with (11%), and domestic (10%) and sexual (10%) Awerial settlements in eastern Lakes (48% of assessed intercommunal violence coming second (see violence. These concerns remained consistent settlements) and 67% of assessed settlements Figure 1). between March and June.

©OpenStreetMap reported growing crops for sustenance as a 0% 61 - 80% This trend was similar for boys under the age For girls under the age of eighteen, early livelihood activity, lack of rain can be considered 1 - 20% 81 - 100% of eighteen, where cattle raiding was most and forced marriage was the main protection a major driver of food insecurity in the eastern 21 - 40% Insufficient data commonly reported by assessed settlements concern in 26% of assessed settlements in Lakes region. 41 - 60% Assessed settlement as the main protection concern In Yirol West eastern Lakes. Early marriage was particularly

15. Ibid. 3 16. Ibid. 17. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Yirol East County, 26th June 2019. 18. Mingkaman Informal Settlement Site IPD KI Interview, 8th June 2019. Map 5: Proportion of assessed settlements source of food. Regular consumption of milk of assessed settlements reported that residents source of food. Of the settlements that reported reporting inadequate access to food in June and dairy was reported in 57% of assessed bought some staple cereals from a market. In access to a market, only 4% reported travelling settlements in eastern Lakes in June, and June, 93% of assessed settlements reported less than 30 minutes to reach it. Given that FGD 39% of assessed settlements reported most that cereal prices had increased, which can be participants in Awerial County reported the cost Rumbek North residents regularly ate meat. attributed to a combination of a weak national of transportation between settlements to be currency, road closures limiting movement of prohibitively expensive for many households, Rumbek As cattle and livestock were important food Cueibet Centre goods and delayed rain affecting quantity of the long distances to reach markets may limit Yirol East sources, livestock disease and cattle raiding Rumbek market supplies.22 Of settlements who reported access for vulnerable populations.23 Another East reportedly further reduced access to food increased cereal prices, 61% reported that barrier, likely associated with disrupted trade Yirol West following the poor harvest in June. In eastern Awerial these increases had a large impact on their routes and the poor harvest in 2018, was the Wulu Lakes, 70% of assessed settlements reported ability to access enough food. As staple cereals limited supply within the markets reported by disease outbreaks within their livestock in were reported by 96% of assessed settlements 56% of assessed settlements. the last month. Of these settlements, 36% ©OpenStreetMap as the most regularly consumed food in 0% 61 - 80% reported that livestock diseases had a small Food assistance June, price increases could be considered a 1 - 20% 81 - 100% impact upon their capacity to access enough considerable driver of inadequate food acces in In Awerial County, 81% of assessed settlements 21 - 40% Insufficient data food. Furthermore, FGD participants reported eastern Lakes. reported they had accessed food assistance that cattle raiding and intercommunal violence 41 - 60% Assessed settlement in the last three months, though only 12% contributed to inadequate food access by Other factors impeded the use of markets as a Livestock and cattle of assessed settlement reported that this is reducing safe access to livestock and crops.20 Figure 2: Proportion of assessed settlements where most people in the settlement sourced Along with crops for sustenance, the most reporting cattle possession, access and Market access common reported livelihood activity in assessed livestock disease in June their food (as opposed to 43% in June 2018). Across Yirol East and Yirol West Counties, settlements was livestock rearing, which was Livestock not only provided a direct source of fewer assessed settlements reported receiving reported as a livelihood activity in 94% of food, but also served as a valuable source for distribution in the same time period, at 12% and settlements. bartering and generating income according to 21 17% respectively. Reflective of the pastoral nature of settlements FGD participants. In eastern Lakes in June, in eastern Lakes, 96% of assessed settlements 16% of assessed settlements reported that Coping strategies most residents barterered for food, while 9% reported that most people in their settlement Likely as a result of persistent food insecurity, of assessed settlements reporting that most owned cattle (see Figure 2). Assessed 96+4t 92+8t the proportion of assessed settlements residents bought food with cash. settlements reported that access to cattle Cattle Possession Cattle Access reporting severe food coping strategies has increased by 19 percentage points between While only 25% of assessed settlements 96% 92% remained consistently high from March to June. March and June to 92% as the result of reported most residents employed trade Reducing the amount of meals a day (66%), seasonal migration towards population centers (bartering and buying) as a source of food, reducing the size of meals (54%) and eating due to improved water access and limited markets were still an important source of less expensive foods (46%) were reported as grazing opportunities along the Nile caused by livelihoods and food access in June. Over 90% the most common coping strategies across seasonal flooding.19 of assessed settlements across eastern Lakes 70+30t assessed settlements in June. reported that they had access to a market, either Livestock Disease Reflective of the key role played by cattle in The extreme coping mechanism of skipping in their own or another settlement, and over 80% 70% livelihoods, cattle were reportedly an important eating for entire days was reported in 20% of

19. REACH, Yirol West Food Security and Livelihoods Brief, January 2018 22. Awerial County ICWG, Meeting Minutes, 13th June 2019; WFP, South Sudan: Monthly Market Price Monitoring Bulletin, May 2019; 4 20. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Yirol West County, 4th July 2019. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Yirol West County, 5th July 2019. 21. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Yirol East County, 3rd July 2019. 23. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Awerial County, 14th June 2019. assessed settlements. Skipping entire days Figure 3: Proportion of assessed settlements of latrine usage at 12%. Of settlements that surface water in the rainy season and the was particularly common in Yirol East County reporting including wild foods as part of a main reported that latrines were not used, 97% reduced reliance on boreholes, The proportion (25% of assessed settlements) in June, though meal in March through June 2019 reported that this was due to lack of facilities. of assessed settlements in Awerial County this was a slight decrease from 37% in May. 55 Further, only 5% of assessed settlements in reporting that it took over 30 minutes to reach eastern Lakes reported that most residents their preferred water source decreased by 27 Reflective of the disruption to livelihoods a 50 wash their hands with soap, while the most percentage points between March (87%) and majority of assessed settlements reported that prominent methods for washing hands were June (60%). This may result in less vulnerability they borrow food (74%), or borrow money (54%) 45 with water (40%) and ash (22%). for women and girls seeking safe water sources as a livelihood coping strategy when there was far from their settlements as noted in March. no food available. In June, 59% of assessed 40 Water access Only assessed settlements in Yirol East County settlements reported migrating to a cattle 35 Conversely, 81% of assessed settlements in noted safety as a considerable barrier to camp as a livelihood coping strategy, placing eastern Lakes reported access to a borehole, accessing their preferred water source in June individuals at increased risk of exposure to 30 Percentage Percentage of Assessed Settlements and 97% of these settlements reported that (24% of assessed settlements). conflict from cattle raiding and inter communal the borehole was functional. However, only violence. 25 Health March April May June 62% of assessed settlements in Awerial There were also reported changes in infant Yirol West Yirol East County responded that boreholes were their In June, over 95% of assessed settlements feeding habits within assessed settlements in reporting the inclusion of wild foods as part of main source of water, which may be due to an across eastern Lakes reported being within eastern Lakes. Between March and June, a the main meal (see Figure 3). As the wild foods inadequate number of boreholes in relation to walking distance of a healthcare facility. greater proportion (17 percentage points) of nearer to the settlements became exhausted population size in these settlements (see Figure However, only 12% of these settlements assessed settlements reported that animal milk in the late dry season, people reportedly had 4).27 Instead of boreholes, 34% of assessed reported that travelling by foot to the nearest was supplementing breast milk during infant to venture further into the bush to procure wild settlements in Awerial County in June reported health facility would take under one hour, and feeding. This is likely due to cattle migration food items. This increases their vulnerability to using rivers or ponds as their main source of over 30% reported that it would take an entire to the population centers in the wet season security threats and results in fewer settlements water, an increase in 14 percentage points from day, suggesting that healthcare infrastructure making cow milk more accessible. gathering wild foods.25 March. was inadequate for a majority of settlements. Further, the long distance to health facilities Insecurity affecting coping strategies In circumstances of inadequate food access, Likely due to the increased availability of cattle raiding itself has been reported as an reportedly increased vulnerability to security In some cases, insecurity reportedly inhibited Figure 4: Proportion of assessed settlements extreme coping strategy in eastern Lakes, reporting that boreholes were the main source threats associated with travel by foot, such as key coping strategies. According to FGD 28 further compounding protection and food of water inter communal violence and wild animals. participants, hunting was restricted by security concerns.26 Awerial Yirol East Yirol West Likely explaining the long distance travelled insecurity, dropping as a reported livelihood to the nearest health facility, FGD participants coping strategy by 29 percentage points Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 79% 73% 88% reported that most facilities were located in between March and June. Seasonal variations April County capitals and larger settlements.Yirol also reportedly contributed to the decrease in In June, assessed settlements in eastern Lakes continued to show high needs on a number of State hospital was reported as the primary hunting.24 May 81% 69% 76% key WASH indicators. Only 20% of assessed source of healthcare for Yirol West and Yirol East Insecurity across Yirol West and Yirol East settlements reported use of latrines, with Yirol June Counties, and Bunagok PHCC and Mingkaman Counties also resulted in an overall decrease East County reporting the lowest percentage 62% 79% 81% PHCC were reported to be the principal in the proportion of assessed settlements

24. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Yirol East County, 26th June 2019. 28. REACH, Notes on Yirol West Border Population Displacement FGD (1), 18th June 2019. 5 25. NGO KI Interview, 20th July 2019. 26.. REACH, Yirol West Food Security and Livelihoods Brief, January 2018.. 27. Mingkaman Informal Settlement Site IPD KI Interview, 8th June 2019. healthcare centers for Awerial County.29 West County of teachers leaving their positions or partially destroyed due to fighting. Of camps, and risks reportedly associated with due to long term-delays in payment.30 assessed settlements that reported presence long distance travel my discourage vulnerable Malaria was a major health concern across of IDPs, 36% reported that IDPs were housed populations from travelling to the nearest health eastern Lakes, with the proportion of assessed Both boys and girls were reportedly able to in temporary shelters, highlighting that shelter facility. settlements reporting malaria as the primary access education, with 43% of assessed conditions were often worse for IDPs than for health problem increasing from 35% in March settlements reporting that half or more girls host community residents. to 54% in June. The increase in proportion of between the ages of seven and sixteen assessed settlements reporting malaria as attended school, and 86% for boys. NFI Distribution the main health problem is consistent with the The main reported reasons for girls not Between March and June, the percentage of beginning of the rainy season and may be of attending school were reportedly cultural, with assessed settlements that reported accessing particular concern for some IDP populations, boys being given preference for education, this an NFI distribution in the last three months with only 64% of assessed settlements with was especially common in Yirol West (27% of increased by 23 percentage points, from 8% presence of IDPs reporting that these IDPs had assessed settlements) and Yirol East (30%) in March to 31% in June, in which an increase access to mosquito nets in June. Counties (See Figure 5). of at least 10 percentage points was reported Education The main reported reason for boys not across every county in eastern Lakes. In June, 65% of assessed settlements reported attending school was that they were required Conclusion that they had access to education across to work outside the home, which was reported eastern Lakes, similar to the 71% reported in across 55% of assessed settlements in eastern FSL and protection continued to be key March. Assessed settlements in Awerial County Lakes that reported having educational access, concerns within eastern Lakes across the reported the lowest access to education, with suggesting that the persistent food insecurity second quarter, with most needs remaining high About REACH Initiative 43% reporting access to any educational across eastern Lakes region may have been but stable between March and June. In June, REACH Initiative facilitates the development services. A lack of educational facilities was a barrier to education for boys as they needed eastern Lakes remained in the Emergency of information tools and products that reported as the main reason among settlements to assist with cultivation or work in the cattle phase (4) according to IPC classifications, enhance the capacity of aid actors to make 31 that reported limited access to education in camps. highlighting the scale of ongoing needs. evidence-based decisions in emergency, recovery and development contexts. The June (91%). There were also reports in Yirol Shelter and Non-Food Items (NFIs) AoK data and findings from FGDs across the Figure 5: Primary reported reasons in eastern second quarter suggest interplay between methodologies used by REACH include Shelter and NFI indicators remained largely primary data collection and in-depth lakes for lack of school attendance for girls and insecurity and access to food within the consistent between the March and June of analysis, and all activities are conducted boys in assessed settlements in June55+13+5 region. Inadequate access to food can result in 2019. Tukuls27 remained the most prominent through inter-agency aid coordination Need to work outside home 55% extreme coping strategies such as cattle raiding type of shelter (99% of assessed settlements) mechanisms. REACH is a joint initiative of and looting, which in turn impacts resilience No school supplies 13% across eastern Lakes as reported by assessed IMPACT Initiatives, ACTED and the United to food security related shocks in affected settlements. Additionally, shelter materials also Nations Institute for Training and Research Fees 5% communities. 26+16+16 remained consistent with the most commonly - Operational Satellite Applications Girls not supposed to attend 26% available materials across eastern Lakes Further, FSL and protection concerns have Programme (UNITAR-UNOSAT). driven needs in other sectors. Food security Need to work at home 15% being grass (99%), poles (99%) and mud Visit www.reach-initiative.org and follow (97%). Only 2% of assessed settlements in may be a barrier to boys accessing education us @REACH_info. Need to work outside home 15% eastern Lakes reported shelters being entirely as they need to cultivate and work in cattle

29. REACH, Notes on the Area of Knowledge FGD for Awerial County, 14th June 2019. 6 30. REACH, Notes on Area of Knowledge FGD for Yirol West County, 5th July 2019. 31. IPC, South Sudan: Acute Food Insecurity and Malnutrition Analysis May 2019, 14th June 2019.