Cryptocurrencies and Market Efficiency

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Cryptocurrencies and Market Efficiency Cryptocurrencies and market efficiency Elise Alfieri To cite this version: Elise Alfieri. Cryptocurrencies and market efficiency. Business administration. Université Grenoble Alpes, 2019. English. NNT : 2019GREAG008. tel-03139950 HAL Id: tel-03139950 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03139950 Submitted on 12 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : Sciences de Gestion Arrêté ministériel : 25 mai 2016 Présentée par Elise ALFIERI Thèse dirigée par Radu BURLACU, Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes et codirigée par Geoffroy ENJOLRAS, Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes préparée au sein du Laboratoire Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches appliquées à la gestion dans l'École Doctorale Sciences de gestion Cryptomonnaies et efficience des marchés Cryptocurrencies and market efficiency Thèse soutenue publiquement le 22 novembre 2019, devant le jury composé de : Monsieur Radu BURLACU PROFESSEUR, UNIVERNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES, Directeur de thèse Monsieur William KNOTTENBELT PROFESSEUR, IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, Rapporteur Monsieur Jean-Francois GAJEWSKI PROFESSEUR, UNIVERSITE DE LYON , Rapporteur Madame Sonia JIMENEZ-GARCES PROFESSEUR, UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES, Président Monsieur Patrice FONTAINE DIRECTEUR DE RECHERCHE, CNRS, Examinateur Monsieur Geoffroy ENJOLRAS PROFESSEUR, UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES, Co-directeur de thèse i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Loin de n’être qu’un parcours solitaire, la thèse est surtout un moment que l’on partage avec un grand nombre de personnes qui nous apportent leur soutien d’une façon ou d’une autre. En premier lieu, je tiens à remercier vivement mes directeurs de thèses, Monsieur le Professeur Radu Burlacu et Monsieur le Professeur Geoffroy Enjol- ras. Je suis très reconnaissante de cet encadrement partagé, de leur implication dans mes recherches, dans mon travail de thèse et dans mes choix profession- nels. Je remercie Monsieur le Professeur Radu Burlacu de m’avoir initiée au monde académique depuis le master Finance, de l’autonomie et de la confi- ance qu’il m’a accordées dans mes différents projets et surtout dans le choix de cette thèse. J’ai un profond respect pour son expertise, sa rigueur et sa volonté. Je le remercie pour toute son implication dans mes années de thèse, sa grande disponibilité à mon égard, ses conseils et commentaires précieux et son soutien, parfois même dans des délais serrés, qui m’ont permis de mener à bien mon travail de thèse en trois années. Je remercie Monsieur le Professeur Geoffroy Enjolras pour avoir accepté de faire partie de l’aventure de cette thèse autour de la thématique des cryp- tomonnaies. Un grand merci pour son dynamisme, son expertise, sa réactivité et son implication constante dans mes recherches. Ses conseils et remarques judicieuses, ainsi que le temps qu’il m’a accordé pour travailler ensemble sur ces thématiques de recherche, ont permis l’aboutissement de cette thèse. J’adresse aussi mes remerciements aux professeurs qui ont accepté d’être présents à mon jury de thèse : My sincere thanks to Professor William Knottenbelt for being « rapporteur » of my thesis. Thank you for your kind welcome and hospitality at the Center for Cryptocurrency Research and Engineering - Imperial College London during my visiting, for integrating me into your team and sharing projects together. Your expertise on my research topic has been and still is of great help to me. Je tiens également à remercier Monsieur le Professeur Jean-François Gajew- ski pour son accueil au sein de l’Université Savoie-Mont Blanc en tant que tuteur pour mon service d’enseignement durant mes trois années de doctorat et pour avoir accepté d’évaluer mon travail de thèse en tant que rapporteur. ii Je souhaiterais exprimer ma gratitude à Madame le Professeur Sonia Jimenez- Garcès pour avoir contribué à me donner envie de rejoindre le monde de la recherche et de l’enseignement. Je la remercie pour nos nombreuses discus- sions et ses encouragements depuis le tout début de ma thèse. C’est un honneur pour moi aujourd’hui de la compter dans mon jury. Enfin, je remercie également Monsieur le Professeur Patrice Fontaine pour sa participation à mon jury. Je le remercie de m’avoir accueillie durant mon stage de fin de master au sein d’Eurofidai, de m’avoir permis de découvrir et de m’avoir formée aux bases de données financières. Cette compétence s’est révélée indispensable pour la réalisation de ma thèse. Mes remerciements s’adressent également aux membres du laboratoire Cen- tre d’Etudes et de Recherches Appliquées à la Gestion (CERAG) notamment les différents enseignants-chercheurs qui m’ont apporté leurs connaissances lors de présentations au sein de différents ateliers. Je remercie Monsieur le Professeur Ollivier Taramasco pour le temps qu’il m’a accordé et pour son expertise au sein de différentes séances de travail. Je remercie tout le personnel administratif en particulier Mesdames Florence Alberti et Coralie Lucatello qui nous permettent de réaliser notre travail dans les meilleures conditions possibles. Ces années de thèse furent également l’occasion de dispenser des cours à l’IAE Savoie Mont Blanc et cette année à Grenoble IAE – campus de Valence en tant qu’ATER. Un grand merci à Monsieur Sébastien Geindre et à toute l’équipe administrative pour leur accueil chaleureux, leur compréhension et leur réactiv- ité. Je remercie aussi Monsieur Philippe Madiès pour ses nombreuses discus- sions sur mon sujet de thèse et pour mon intégration au sein du campus de Valence. J’adresse mes remerciements à l’Ecole Doctorale Sciences de Gestion (EDSG) de Grenoble, en particulier à Madame le Professeur Marie-Laure Gavard-Perret, directrice de l’EDSG, ainsi qu’à Madame Claire Escalon, gestionnaire de l’EDSG, pour leur soutien à de multiples reprises durant mon parcours de doctorat. Je re- mercie le conseil de l’EDSG pour la confiance qu’il m’a accordée dans l’attribution de mon financement de thèse. Mes remerciements vont vers tous mes amis anciens ou actuels doctorants avec lesquels j’ai partagé des moments de joie, de travail et de doute parfois. Un grand merci à Barbara, Houda, Justine, Imène, Jingwen, Emma, Azadeh, Charlotte, Yann, Khalil, Chebli, Omar, Julien, Mathis, Hamza, Imad et tous les iii autres. J’ai une pensée spéciale pour Ahmad et Samarmar. Merci à Yann et Mohamad pour avoir pris le temps de relire mon travail. Merci également à l’équipe d’Eurofidai durant mon stage et notamment aux repas du midi qui se sont poursuivis après. Je remercie les responsables du master de cryptologie et sécurité informa- tique de Bordeaux, Monsieur Emmanuel Fleury et Monsieur le Professeur Gilles Zémor, qui m’ont permis d’améliorer mes bases en informatique et surtout qui m’ont fait découvrir mon sujet de thèse : les cryptomonnaies. Je tiens à remercier également tous mes proches en dehors du monde académi- que, notamment mes amis, pour leur soutien, leurs conseils, les moments de pause qui m’ont permis de souffler et de me ressourcer pour réattaquer de plus belle. Enfin, je tiens à remercier ma famille au sens large, très présente dans ma vie et particulièrement ma sœur et mes parents. Je les remercie pour tout l’amour, toute la confiance et toutes les valeurs qu’ils m’ont inculquées. Merci de nous avoir toujours soutenues, ma sœur et moi, dans tous nos choix quels qu’ils aient été et plus encore de nous avoir accompagnées dans nos découvertes person- nelles et professionnelles. The Best Family. Elise Alfieri iv Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................... ii LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF TABLES ............................. x 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Overview . 1 1.2 Research motivations . 8 1.3 Theoretical background and research questions . 11 1.4 Contents of the dissertation . 15 1.4.1 First research . 15 1.4.2 Second research . 17 1.4.3 Third research . 18 2 The blockchain, an innovative community tool serving organi- zations? 27 2.1 Introduction . 28 2.2 Blockchain as a community tool . 31 2.2.1 The starting point: Bitcoin’s blockchain . 31 2.2.2 Key dimensions . 35 2.2.3 Features of blockchain communities . 39 2.3 The potential impact of the blockchain on informational efficiency within organizations: A theoretical framework . 40 2.3.1 Issues faced by organizations . 41 2.3.2 Solutions brought by blockchain . 49 2.4 The appropriation process that leads to the extension of blockchain within organizations . 59 2.4.1 Appropriation process . 59 2.4.2 Blockchain evolution . 63 v 2.4.3 Towards new institutions? . 75 2.5 Conclusion . 77 3 On the nature and financial performance of Bitcoin 91 3.1 Introduction . 92 3.2 About the nature of Bitcoin . 94 3.2.1 What is Bitcoin? . 95 3.2.2 Is Bitcoin a currency ? . 96 3.2.3 Is Bitcoin “digital” gold or cash ? . 97 3.2.4 Bitcoin as common stock . 98 3.3 Performance models . 99 3.4 Results . 103 3.4.1 Univariate results . 103 3.4.2 Multivariate results . 110 3.5 Robustness checks . 120 3.5.1 Regression specification . 120 3.5.2 Behavioral aspects . 124 3.6 Conclusion . 131 4 Speculative bubbles and contagion effect in the cryptocurrency market 137 4.1 Introduction . 138 4.2 Literature review . 141 4.2.1 Speculative nature of the cryptocurrencies . 141 4.2.2 The financial bubble literature and methods for their de- tection .
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