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Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan

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Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan GATINEAU PARK CULTURAL HERITAGE PLAN Prepared by National Capital Commission 2016 GATINEAU PARK CULTURAL HERITAGE PLAN For information, contact Visitor Services and Operations Gatineau Park National Capital Commission Ottawa, Ontario Contentworks Inc. 137 Second Ave, Suite One Ottawa ON K1S 2H4 Tel.: 613-730-4059 Email: [email protected] Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan 2016 Contributors to the Heritage Plan NCC and Parks Canada The NCC Project Leader, Marie Boulet, Director, Quebec Urban Lands and Gatineau Park, would like to thank the internal NCC committee members who contributed to the Heritage Plan. o Laurie Burdon, Manager, Special Projects o Ian Badgley, Archaeologist o Renée Bellehumeur, Senior Manager, Visitor Services and Operations o Hughes Charron, Senior Planner o François Leduc, Manager, Public Programs and Communications o Denis Messier, Interpretive Research Historian o Jocelyne Moncion, Senior Officer, Public Consultations o Claude Potvin, Senior Landscape Architect o René Tenasco, Liaison Officer, Aboriginal Affairs o Ève Wertheimer, Manager, Heritage Program o Heather Thomson, Manager, Heritage Program In addition, Linda Villeneuve, Manager, Parks Canada, generously provided guidance on policy issues and cultural landscapes. Phase 2 Consulting Team The Phase 2 work was undertaken by the heritage consulting firm Contentworks Inc. of Ottawa, with specialists in conservation architecture, landscape architecture and cultural botany. Contentworks Inc. o Julie Harris, Project Lead, Historian and Heritage Consultant o Leslie Maitland, Heritage Consultant o Nicole Brandon, Archaeologist o Joan Bard Miller, Information Specialist o Alice Glaze, Researcher Barbara Ozimec, Cultural Botanist Louise Lalande, Conservation Architect, Lalande + Doyle Architects Inc. George Harris, Landscape Architect, McElhanney Consulting Services Ltd. Phase 1 Consulting Team The Phase 1 work that provided a firm foundation for the thematic framework and consultations was completed by Charterfield Consulting professionals Janet Hunter and Chantal Bourbonnais. External Committee of Experts Finally, the project leader would like to thank the external committee of experts for their time and insight into the development of the plan. A full list of committee members is included in Appendix G. Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan 2016 3 | P a g e Contents Contributors to the Heritage Plan ................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Background ............................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Scope and Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Nature, History and Cultural Values: Cultural Landscapes in Gatineau Park ...................................... 9 1.3 Public Consultation ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Cultural Heritage Value of Gatineau Park ......................................................................................... 11 1.5 Guiding Principles for Managing Cultural Heritage Resources in Gatineau Park ............................. 15 2. Planning Background .............................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 A Plan for Canada’s Capital ............................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Gatineau Park Master Plan ............................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan ............................................................................................... 19 3. Assessing the Cultural Heritage Value of Resources in Gatineau Park ................................................... 21 3.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Resource Types ................................................................................................................................. 24 3.3 Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................................................. 27 3.4 Heritage Classifications ..................................................................................................................... 31 3.5 Assessment Results ........................................................................................................................... 31 4. Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 35 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 35 4.2 Summary of Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 35 4.3 Recommended Actions ..................................................................................................................... 35 5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 39 Appendix A: Assessment Results ................................................................................................................ 41 Appendix B: Glossary and Explanation of Conservation Terms .................................................................. 46 Appendix C: Statements of Significance ..................................................................................................... 49 Appendix D: Conservation Plans ................................................................................................................. 51 Appendix E: History of Gatineau Park ......................................................................................................... 52 Appendix F: Thematic Framework—Phase 1 .............................................................................................. 54 Appendix G: External Committee of Experts .............................................................................................. 60 Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan 2016 Appendix H: Archaeological Process ........................................................................................................... 61 Appendix I: Sources ..................................................................................................................................... 64 Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan 2016 5 | P a g e Executive Summary Gatineau Park is a unique, 361-square-kilometre landscape of forests, fields, lakes and streams, situated in close proximity to a large urban centre in Canada’s Capital Region. As well as being an area of unique natural resources and ecosystems, Gatineau Park is also an area of rich cultural heritage. Through its stewardship of the Park, the National Capital Commission (NCC) is able to offer a wealth of opportunities for visitors to discover the natural and human-led forces that created the landscape. The Gatineau Park Cultural Heritage Plan (‟the Heritage Plan”) and the studies that informed it are part of an ongoing effort1 by the NCC to protect significant cultural heritage resources in the Park, and address requirements identified in the Gatineau Park Master Plan (2005). The underlying principle of the Heritage Plan is to ensure that tangible cultural heritage resources are adequately identified, described, understood and protected at all levels (whether artifact, site or landscape). The foundations of the Heritage Plan are as follows: A statement of cultural heritage value for Gatineau Park; A set of guiding principles for the cultural heritage resources in Gatineau Park; The identification of significant cultural heritage resources; and The use of cultural landscapes as the scale for understanding and protecting resources. The statement of cultural heritage value and the guiding principles are consistent with current cultural heritage theory and practice, respecting past, present and future landscapes in Gatineau Park. They also acknowledge that historical, ecological, archaeological and Indigenous perspectives have a role in determining what is of value and what should be protected. The statement of cultural heritage value for Gatineau Park includes a thematic framework that illustrates the connections between the Park’s heritage resources, and provides a useful structure for organizing the Park’s history. The framework comprises the following themes: Canada’s Capital conservation park Outstanding recreation Retreat to nature Indigenous presence Harvesting natural resources Using these themes and heritage criteria, the Park’s heritage resources were evaluated and placed in categories according to their level of significance and attachment to either a ‟capital or national” or a ‟regional” theme. Of the approximately 1,700 tangible heritage resources in the inventory, 50 cultural landscapes
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