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Fishery Circular NOAA TR NMFS CIRC 368 A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLICATION NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-368 Marine Bitiogical Laboratory I LIBRARY f V % U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrate MARS 1973 National Marine Fisheries Service Woods Hols, Mm. Cooperative Gulf of Mexico Estuarine Inventory and Study, Florida: Phase I, Area Description J. KNEELAND McNULTY, WILLIAM N. LINDALL, JR., AND JAMES E. SYKES SEATTLE, WA November 1972 NOAA TECHNICAL KKI'ORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Circulars The maj (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the fluctuations in the quan- tity a NMFS is also naging national fishing grounds, develop- f foreign fishing off Ui - and policies. NMFS also programs, and mortgage insurance and v< es, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. !l NMF that has been in existence since 1941. The nded to aid conservation and management. Publica- :al level certain broad areas of research appear in itudies and from management investigations appear in ivailable free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both ntilic and technical publications in the ma- rwise noted) from NOAA Publications Section, Rock- chum salmon, 338. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Lab- Rich- oratory, Auke Bay, Alaska. By Bureau of Com- kkala. March 1970, iii pp., 15 mercial Fisheries. June 1970, 8 pp., 6 figs. figs., 51 tal Salmon research at Ice Harbor Dam. By Wesley Lakes J. Ebel. April 1970, 6 pp., 4 figs. ry Labor; Michigan. By 197n. 340. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological iu of Commercial I March Laboratory, Gloucester, Massachusetts. By Bu- . 7 figs. reau of Commercial Fisheries. June 1970, 8 pp., 8 figs. Catalog No. \\ail- 341. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. By the Lab- oratory staff. August 1970, iii 24 11 figs., chub. + pp., 16 ta and J. A. January 1970, i\ 342. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, fiscal year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. March August 1970, iii + 22 pp., 20 figs., 8 tables. pp., 72 figs., 47 ti 343. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries n and Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, fiscal man and A year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. August tigs. 1970, iii + SO pp., 28 figs., 9 tables. 344. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tropical Atlan- tic Biological Laboratory progress in res If Breeze, 1965-60, Miami, Florida. By Ann Weeks. Oc- staff. tober 1970, iv + 65 pp., 53 figs. AugU! 12 tables. 3 16. Sportsman's guide to handling, smoking, and pre- Ralph C. Baker, Ford serving Great Lakes coho salmon. By Shearon '1". I, iii + Dudley, J. Graikoski, H. L. Seagran, and Paul figs. M. Earl. September 1970, iii + 28 pp., 15 figs. 347. Synopsis of biological data on Pacific ocean perch, Sebastodes alutus. By Richard L. Major and April Herbert II. Shippen. December 1970, iii + 38 pp., 31 tigs., 11 tables. iued on inside back cover. ps®£JJ£22^ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Peter G. Peterson, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Robert M. White, Administrator NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Philip M. Roedel, Director NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-368 Cooperative Gulf of Mexico Estuarine Inventory and Study, Florida: Phase I, Area Description J. KNEELAND McNULTY, WILLIAM N. LINDALL, JR., Marine Biological Laboratory AND JAMES E. SYKES LIBRARY MAR 5 1973 Woods Hole, Mass. SEATTLE, WA November 1972 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office on, D.( 20402 - Price JS1.25 The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 The coast 2 Dimensions 3 Mangroves 48 Tidal marshes 48 Submerged vegetation 48 Measurement of vegetated areas 51 Geology 52 Stream discharge 54 Water temperature 55 Salinity 82 Oysters and clams 83 Artificial fishing reefs 87 Population 88 Economic development 91 Pollution 93 Dredging 116 Summary 117 Acknowledgments 121 Literature cited 121 Figures No. Page 1.—The major coastal types of the west coast of Florida 3 2.—Index map 5 3.—Map of Florida Bay 6-7 4.—Map of Ten Thousand Islands 8-9 5.—Map of Gullivan Bay to Imperial River 10-11 6. —Map of Estero Bay and Western Caloosahatchee River 12-13 7. —Map of Caloosahatchee River 14-15 8.—Map of Peace River Estuary 16 9.—Map of Northern Pine Island Sound 17 10.—Map of Charlotte Harbor and Lemon Bay 18-19 11.—Map of Sarasota Bay and Manatee River 20-21 12.—Map of Tampa and Boca Ciega Bays 22-23 13.—Map of Hillsborough and Old Tampa Bays 24-25 14.—Map of St. Joseph Sound to Weekiwachee River 26-27 15.—Map of Chassahowitzka and Crystal Bays 28-29 16.—Map of Suwannee Sound and Waccasassa Bay 30-31 17.—Map of Deadman Bay and Fenholloway River 32-33 18.—Map of Apalachee Bay 34-35 19.—Map of St. George Sound and Eastern Apalachicola Bay 36-37 20.—Map of Western Apalachicola and St. Joseph Bays 38-39 21.—Map of St. Andrew Bay 40-41 22.—Map of Eastern Choctawhatchee Bay 42-43 (Continued on next page) iii (Figures—continued) No. Page 23.—Map of Western Choctawhatchee and East Bays 44-45 24.—Map of Escambia, Pensacola, and Perdido Bays 46-47 25.—Diagrammatic cross section of a mangrove swamp, a barrier island of the north coast, and a transect from tidal channels to flatwoods on the north coast 49 26. Schematic drawings of the zonation of sea grasses in shallow water in Boca Ciega Bay and Tampa Bay and salinity preferences and tolerances of sea grasses 50 27. The percentage of mangrove swamp, tidal marsh, submerged vegetation and unvege- tated bottom 52 28.—Geologic cross section through Florida 53 29. —The principal geologic structures of Florida 53 30. —The age of geologic formations 53 31.—Topographic divisions 54 32.—Principal aquifers 54 33.—Mean discharge of the principal gaged streams of the Florida west coast 55 34.—Monthly range and mean of water temperature at four locations 83 35.—Mean salinity and salinity range in estuaries from Florida Bay to Homosassa Bay ... 84 36.—Mean salinity and salinity range in estuaries from Crystal Bay to Cedar Keys 85 37.—Mean salinity and salinity range in estuaries from Ochlockonee Bay to Pensacola Bay . 86 38.—The distribution of population on the west coast of Florida, 1960 88 39.—The gain and loss of population on the west coast of Florida from 1950 to 1960 88 40.—The major products of industry 92 41. —The major west coast species landed in the commercial fisheries in 1967 by coastal segment 94 42.—Landings of the most valuable west coast species in the commercial fisheries in 1967 by coastal segment 95 43. —The flow of pollutants into estuarine areas by coastal segment 110 44.—The distribution of major sources of pollution and areas that are closed to shellfishing . Ill 45.—The distribution of Class II waters—those suitable for shellfish harvesting 116 46.—The relation between the human population in communities bordering estuaries and the filled area, the number of pollution sources, and the area closed to shellfishing in the eight segments of coast 120 Tables 1. Surface area at mean high water, volume at mean high water, and maximum di- urnal tidal range of estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida 4 2. The areas and major species of submerged vegetation, tidal marsh, and mangrove swamps of estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida 51 3-1. Stream discharge to the Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2890, Tam- iami Canal Outlets, Miami to Monroe, Florida 56 3-2. Stream discharge to Ten Thousand Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2910, Barron River Canal near Everglades, Florida 56 3-3. Stream discharge to Naples Bay via Gordon River: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2913, Golden Gate at Naples, Florida 57 3-4. Stream discharge to the Caloosahatchee River: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2920, Caloosahatchee Canal at Moore Haven, Florida 57 (Continued on next page) iv ) ( Tables—continued 3-5. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2970, Peace River at Arcadia, Florida 58 3-6. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2975, Joshua Creek at Nocatee, Florida 58 3-7. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2980, Horse Creek near Arcadia, Florida 59 3-8. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2990, Myakka River near Sarasota, Florida 59 3-9. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2996.5, Big Slough near Murdock, Florida 60 3-10. Stream discharge to Sarasota Bay System: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2997, Cow Pen Slough near Bee Ridge, Florida 60 3-11. Stream discharge to Sarasota Bay System: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2997.5, Phillippi Creek near Sarasota, Florida 60 3-12. Stream discharge to Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3000, Manatee River near Bradenton, Florida 61 3-13. Stream discharge to Tampa Bay: U.S.
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