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The Place Where We Live LOOKING BACK TO LOOK FORWARD THE PLACE WHERE WE LIVE: LOOKING BACK TO LOOK FORWARD We’re all downstream. — Ecologists motto, adopted by Margaret and Jim Drescher Windhorse Farm, New Germany, Nova Scotia Cover Photo — Fishing on the Salmo River — early 1900’s. PHOTO COURTESY OF TRAIL CITY ARCHIVES INSET PHOTOS COURTESY OF BERNARINE STEDILE AND THE SALMO MUSEUM Gerry and Alice Nellestijn at Wulf Lake — September Long Weekend 1999 © The Salmo Watershed Streamkeepers Society Printed in Canada The Salmo Watershed Streamkeepers Society and the Salmo Watershed Assessment Project – Youth Team gratefully acknowledge support from Alice Nellestijn of QNB Creative Inc. for design and production. Kay Hohn brought excellent proofreading skills that were able to pull this book together without changing the flavour of individual contributions.Without their assistance our book would not be possible. This book is a direct result of the Salmo Watershed Streamkeepers Society’s (SWSS), Salmo Watershed Assessment Project also known as the “Partnership Proposal For Youth Services Canada Project:Youth Jobs With a Purpose.” SWSS activated funds to employ eight youth for the summer of 1999.This book emerged from expectations and interests from our staff and youth team.We hope you enjoy it. We are grateful for our partnership with the scientific community and Human Resources Development Canada. For SWSS and our Youth,the summer of 1999 is a year that we will all remember, thanks to you. i The Place Where We Live: Looking Back To Look Forward PREFACE In the summer of 1999, the Salmo Watershed Streamkeepers Society (SWSS) partnered with Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC) to carry out an assessment of the Salmo River Watershed.This assessment was conducted to tell us ‘what is’ the condition of the environmental habitat of our mainstem, tributaries and riparian area (the zone of influence between the land and water). SWSS was confused by the decline of fish populations in the Salmo River, especially the blue listed (threatened) bull trout (Dolly Vardon). We saw HRDC’s Youth Services Canada (YSC) portfolio as the perfect match to drive this search.YSC encourages youth career development opportunities that leave the receiving community with a lasting legacy. This history is part of that legacy; the assessment itself is another part, as is a report on the Harlequin Duck, a beautiful bird that migrates here from the sea to rear its young. Some of our youth group were also involved in a radio telemetry study of bull trout.This is an intensive activity using high tech equipment to identify spawning and overwintering areas; a report based on this study will be finalized by the fall of 2000. Copies of this history, along with the Harlequin Duck and the Bull Trout Radio Telemetry reports, will be available at the Salmo Public Library as they are completed.The data from our assessment is available from the Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans’ environmental habitat data web site at http://habitat.pac.dfo.ca/pskf/version4_0/system/skmenu1.cfm. Click on stream survey query. Our youth group, as young folks tend to be, were a group of forward thinkers, keen and energetic. Part of our assessment called for historical data.We felt a responsibility to have this team gain at least an overview of what it used to be like in the Salmo Valley.We saw the history as an opportunity for members of the group to learn to take control of something of their own to research, to interview, to write and to express themselves.We wanted them to get a sense of the difficulties and the joys of our First Nations and of our pioneers, and to become familiar with the activities and the economies that drove development in our watershed.We asked them to look back, not to judge, but to understand. Most of all, we hoped they would be able, to some degree, to see through the eyes of our elders, to develop a sense of nostalgia, compassion and caring.The reader must judge how successful they were. The history itself is an overview. Each student pursued his or her task with their own degree of detail; personal styles shine through.The work is by no means definitive.These are not the works of professional historians, but of interested young people. Please forgive any errors or omissions.The First Nations creative writing elements at the beginnings of each chapter are the wonderful works of Meredith Pritchard.We find her writing to be sensitive and insightful.We in no way believe she speaks for, or necessarily captures, First Nations sentiment.What is obvious is that she cares, and has a unique ability to put us in a ‘place.’These are qualities shared by all our young writers. Finally, I hope that, even though you did not have the joy as I did, to see this group emerge from confusion to a working team, you will share the sense of pride that I have for these young men and women. Thank you all for the experience. Gerry Nellestijn, Editor President/Coordinator Salmo Watershed Streamkeepers Society ii Salmo Watershed Youth Assessment Team (also known as The SWAP Squad) Left to Right: Trevor Rushka, Chris Atha, Darcy Torrans,Vernon Cox, Christine Gilliland, Doug Ellis, Project Coordinator, Kurtis Black, Meredith Pritchard, Mike van Wijk ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank the following persons, who willingly shared their knowledge and memories for the creation of this report.These interviews forged an intergenerational link between the youth and the elders of our community. Well done and thank you! Donna Bishop, Dave Bush, Berle De Jersey, Emily Dodds, Don Endersby,Art Field, Joan Field, Villa Gibbon, Merle and Corrine Hanson,Willie and Mary Hearn, Ken and Fran Henderson, Joe Huser, Ed and Mary John, Emma Konkin,Al Liness, Don Macdougall, Scottie McLeod, Elizabeth Planidin, Barnie Ross, Bob Rotter,Art Simmons, Henry and Florence Stavast, Edna Stringer, Luv Wellings, Joe Wrangler, Hazel Best, Gloria Curry, June Stockdale and with special thanks to Bernarine Stedile, and the many others who helped with this project in some way. iii The Place Where We Live: Looking Back To Look Forward SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE EXTENSION We would also like to express our appreciation to the following specialists.These people volunteered their accumulated knowledge to the project and helped us to understand how our watershed and society functions. Terry Anderson, B.Sc., Ministry of Environment Carl Johnson, P.Eng.,Ministry of Environment Lands and Parks, Lands and Parks Steve Arndt, M.Sc., Columbia Basin Fish and Michael Keefer, Ethnobotanist, Ktunaxa Kinbasket Wildlife Compensation Program Tribal Council James Baxter, M.Sc., R.P.Bio., Baxter Environmental Pete McCoy, Ethnobotanist, Ktunaxa Kinbasket Gary Beaudry, R.P.F.,Ministry of Forests – Tribal Council Nelson Forest Region Don Gayton, M.Sc., P.Ag., Southern Interior Rob Burrus, B.Sc., Hydrofor Consulting Forestry Extension Research Partnership Tom Braumandaul,R.P.F.,Ministry of Forests – Dan Gebhart, B.Sc., R.P.Bio,Aquatic Resources Nelson Forest Region Darcy Lutz, Bear Aware Program Gord Corcoran,Water Survey of Canada Marlene Machmer, M.Sc., R.P.Bio., Pandion Jennifer Compton, Southam Consulting Ecological Reseach Ltd. Mike Curran, PHD, P.Ag.,Ministry of Forests – Zo Ann Morten, Pacific Streamkeepers Federation Nelson Forest Region Erin Parton, Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Nattana Dixon-Warren, M.D., Salmo Wellness Centre Compensation Program Simon Goldsmith, B.Sc., Southam Consulting Darci Quammi, M.Sc., R.P.Bio.,Aquatic Resources Jim Edmonds, Theresa Southam, B.Sc., Southam Consulting Frank Fowler, Instuctor, Selkirk College Karen Stavast, R.M.T,The Essential Body Department of Renewable Resources Roly Worsfold, Southeast Fire Centre John Gwilliam, B.Sc., Columbia Basin Fish and Jennifer Yeow, Pass Lab Wildlife Compensation Program Claire Hallam, Investors Group The following agencies and companies gave their time, facilities, resources, or cooperation to the project. Human Resources Development Canada Salmo Museum Community Development Institute Salmo Public Library Community Futures Nelson The Nelson Museum QNB Creative Inc. Royal Canadian Legion –Branch 217 Salmo West Kootenay Naturalists Canadian Forestry Equipment West Kootenay Power BC Hydro Regional District of Central Kootenay Creston Valley Wildlife Centre Salmo Secondary School And finally, I would like to recognize Gerry Nellestijn, it was his idea and determination that led to the production of this book. It is in part, a symbol for his love and respect for The Place Where We Live. Thank you. Doug Ellis Salmo Watershed Assessment Project Coordinator iv SALMO RIVER WATERSHED MAP To Nelson Cree x k e p A BRITISH COLUMBIA 6 55 km Cl Hall Creek ea rw a t HALL e 30 km r Cree k 50 km k e e r Barr C ett ) 25 km Cr e ee r s k ho ld 45 km i ( W Ymir k ree 20 km wart C Ste 40 km E YMIR r i e B 35 km C up o rc ine r u o C e P l r d e e e k k e 15 km r C r eek 30 km To Castlegar 10 km H idd ek en Cre SALMO SALMO RIVER 3 0 km To Trail 5 km 15 km 25 km k ek e re re C p C g ee n S h i 10 km oar llr 5 km Legend He 20 km 00 km Kilometre marker Vector 3 River & Tributaries Tailing Piles Wallac 6 h C Highway r 15 3 e km Burnt out e Bridge k Lost Creek M c C 0 km o r m ic k C 10 km To Creston r 5 km END D’OR e eek P EILL e r E R k C IV p E ea R l S g en km 5 Sev Mile R o a ese u 3 t rv t S oir 0 km h S a 10 km 6 lm o R iver To USA 0km 5km 10km 15km v The Place Where We Live: Looking Back To Look Forward Old wagon road through Stagleap Park Ranch near Salmo British Columbia — 1890’s.
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