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Lousal, Portugal: a successful example of rehabilitation of a closed mine in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Jorge MRS Relvas1, Álvaro MM Pinto2 and João MX Matos3

1 CREMINER/LARSyS, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Ed. C6, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2 CREMINER/LARSyS, Museum of Natural History and Science, R Escola Politécnica, 56, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal 3 LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Rua Frei Amador Arrais, R/C, 7801-902 Beja, Portugal

1. INTRODUCTION which closed mines can even create socio- Contents Historically, mines in the Iberian Pyrite Belt economic development opportunities for Lousal, Portugal: a successful example were, and still are, important primary pro- local communities. Economic benefits from of rehabilitation of a closed mine in the viders of employment, services and income. those activities provide a context favour- Iberian Pyrite Belt 1 Thus, the closure of a mine always had able to investments in human resources and News of the Society 2 significant impacts on the local economy infrastructures that can meet local/regional SGA website 17 and on the well being of the community. development needs and create mechanisms Unfortunately, in most cases in the past, for sustainable economic growth in a post 1st SGA-SEG-UNESCO-IUGS Short Course both in Portugal and Spain, when mining closure situation. on African Metallogeny 18 operations ceased, mines were boarded up The Lousal mine was an important mas- News from the Baltic SGA Student and abandoned. The safety, environmental sive sulphide deposit of the Iberian Pyrite ­Chapter 22 and social risks arising from badly con- Belt, one of the major metallogenic prov- Ophiolites and related ore and industrial ducted mine closures resulted in severe dis- inces worldwide, extending for nearly 300 minerals: field workshop, Turkey, tress for communities due to environmental, km from the Southwestern coast of Portugal 16–22 May 2012 26 social and economic collapse. Furthermore, (near which Lousal is located) to the Gua- SGA 12th Biennial Meeting, Uppsala, mining activities have often resulted in dalquivir basin, in Spain (Fig. 1). The mine Sweden, 12–15 August 2013 33 destruction of, or radical alterations to, eco- was active between 1900 and 1988 and part SGA 13th Biennial Meeting, Nancy, systems, implying now large clean-up costs of its surface infrastructures are rather well France, 24–27 August 2015 36 for governments and regional authorities. preserved. The Lousal mining village is Presently, it is accepted that mine closure currently being rehabilitated not only as a Main Features requires the return of land to a viable post- geological and mining heritage site, but also mining use, and that the socio-economic as a centre for education for science and Lousal, Portugal: a successful example impacts of the closure must be assessed and technology and a destination for tourism of of rehabilitation of a closed mine in the managed. However, that concern did not nature, culture and patrimony. In this article Iberian Pyrite Belt 1 exist in the past and thus most old mines we briefly describe the major components 1st SGA-SEG-UNESCO-IUGS Short Course of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, either abandoned of this on-going project, which is already on African Metallogeny 18 or closed, still remain as a problem to be envisaged by many as a successful case Ophiolites and related ore and industrial solved. Each case requires an individual re- study in Europe. minerals: field workshop, Turkey, sponse, as the situations identified are man- 16–22 May 2012 26 ifold. In favourable cases, there are ways in page 6 u >>> 2 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 3 <<<

J. Slack to find out from Ch. Bendall what publications (if any) are Council greatly appreciated recent voluntary effort of D. Groves News of the Society available for a series of SGA Special Publications. and his wife Sue which resulted in confirmed commitments from SGA Ordinary Council Meeting, April 17-18, 2012, Uppsala, Sweden J. Pašava to send Minutes of Budapest (2010) and Madrid (2011) several mining companies over a period of 5 years. Council meetings with relevant enclosures dealing with SGA J. Pašava (SGA Executive Secretary), Czech Geological Survey, Prague, SGASGA ­Publications to J. Slack. Progress report on membership drive from the last SGA Council [email protected] meeting (P. Eilu, J. Pašava, A. Vymazalová) News Status of planning for the 12th SGA Biennial Meeting to be held The report was presented by P. Eilu. In 2011 SGA had 1163 pay- in 2013 in Uppsala (P. Weihed) ing members and to date our membership grew to a new record of P. Weihed welcomed Council Members (G. Beaudoin, N. Bortnikov, P. Eilu, H. Frimmel, No. 31 June 2012 This item was discussed separately with members of the LOC on 1215 paying members. Unfortunately, the loss of members remains A. Cheilletz, B. Lehmann, J. Pašava, S. Roberts, A. Vymazalová, P. Williams and J. Wilkin- E d i to r s April 18, 2012 from 11.00 to 16.00 (including a visit to SGA 2013 a serious problem. Sabine Lange recently distributed an excel file son) and briefly introduced host organization – the Swedish Geological Survey (SGU). Massimo Chiaradia1, Chris Heinrich2 Meeting venue). The meeting “Mineral Deposit Research for a listing members who haven´t paid their fees (since 2010 we have 1Department of Mineralogy High-Tech World” (August 12–15, 2013, Uppsala, Sweden) will 403 members who haven’t paid their fees). Council approved the Minutes of Previous Council Meeting (September 25, 2011, Antofagasta, Chile) University of Geneva be organized by the Swedish Geological Survey in collaboration report with great thanks and recommended the following actions: The Minutes were unanimously approved. Geneva with Nordic countries. More info is available at www.akademikon- All RVP´s in collaboration with Council members should contact SWITZERLAND ferens.uu.se/sga2013. After a brief introduction of all present the members who haven´t paid their fees. Reports of Officers on Council (to be received prior to meeting) and Matters Arising 2ETH Zurich members of SGA Council and LOC and discussion the following S. Lange to prepare a next list of people who didn’t renew SGA from These Reports SWITZERLAND motions we approved: membership and send it to all Council members by July 5, 2012 Reports were submitted by the SGA Executive Secretary, Treasurer’s Office, Chief Editor J. Pašava to prepare and send to P. Weihed a draft of MOU between so that individual Council members and Regional Vice-Presidents of SGA website , and Regional VP for Oceania. SGA Annual Report for 2011 was highly SGA News is a publication of SGA (Society­ SGA and LOC which will be signed by both sides. could contact individual people. appreiated by IUGS. In 2011 SGA reached a new membership record (1215 paying mem- of Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits) P. Weihed to serve as Technical liaison between SGA Council and S. Lange to email reminders to all who didn’t renew SGA member- bers). and appears twice a year. LOC. ship at least 3 times a year (every 4 months). After discussion, Council approved the reports and the following motions: P. Eilu and H. Frimmel to become members of the Sponsorship P. Weihed to create a Nomination Committee to start looking in collaboration with Council SGA News can be also read in the SGA Committee. Status of development of SGA Student and Young Scientist net- and general SGA membership for suitable candidates for Council positions for 2013 elec- ­homepage on Internet: A Conference profit/loss will be shared 50:50 between SGA and work – Reports from Prague, Baltic and Novosibirsk Chapters (A. tion. http://www.e-sga.org LOC. Vymazalová and J. Relvas) P. Weihed to write a letter to RVP´s to encourage them to submit a concrete plan of activi- P. Weihed to write an official letter to SEG and IAGOD to suggest The report was presented by A. Vymazalová. After discussion ties for 2012-2013 in their regions. their activities (a subject of approval by SGA Council). Council approved all reports with great thanks and the following P. Eilu to write to Dave Houston to find out if he is willing with other SGA Council mem- C o n ce p t a n d P r i n t i n g J. Slack to work jointly with SGA 2013 Field trip coordinator to budgets for 2012 activities (Baltic Chapter – EUR 2500, Novosi- bers to organize possibly in collaboration with Springer (Ch. Bendall from Springer needs WMXDesign GmbH identify as many field trips as possible for publishing Field trip birsk Chapter – EUR 1000), Prague Chapter – EUR 2500). to be contacted) SGA promotion at the 34th IGC in Brisbane. Heidelberg, Germany Guidebook. D. Houston to prepare a call for nominations for SGA-Newmont Gold medal and SGA- LOC to submit a written report summarizing the progress of the Past activities Barrick Young Scientist award (for both website and upcoming SGA News) meeting‘s organization to J. Pašava (by May 15, 2012). • Geological Society of Bolivia Anniversary Meeting (October 3–4, G. Beaudoin to contact F. Robert on Barrick future participation in the SGA-Barrick Young L ayo u t LOC to revise originally proposed budget including registration 2011 La Paz, Bolivia) – B. Lehmann – one of keynote speakers – Scientist Award (wait for appropriate timing). Massimo Chiaradia, Geneva, Switzerland fee (below 500 EUR). received a letter of thanks from President of the Bolivian Geologi- Hartwig Frimmel to organize corporate credit card for SGA Treasurer. LOC to adapt technical program including proposals for session cal Society with a request for continuing SGA support To reserve a part of a profit from the First African Metallogeny Course) to SGA Educa- chairs. • Baltic Student Chapter Meeting (December 6–9, 2011 Cracow, tional Foundation. Information for contributors LOC to revise important deadlines. Poland) – requested EUR 660 to cover part of expenses for 15 G. Beaudoin in collaboration with D. Layton-Matthews to plan improvement of SGA Items for publication may be sent to: LOC to specify field trips including fees. participants – M. Sosnicka et al. website. SGA News (see address below) LOC to submit a draft of the Second Circular to J. Pašava for • African Metallogeny Course (March 12–18, 2012 Ouagadougou, All Council members are asked to help M. Chiaradia in identifying potential contributors Manuscripts should be sent by e-mail us- ­Council approval by September 15, 2012. Burkina Faso) – H. Frimmel et al. for the main articles in SGA Newsletter. ing Microsoft Word for text and Jpeg or Tiff E. Ferrari to provide more information on the planned field course SGP-SGA on the Cen- formats for pictures and figures (the latter Status of call for SGA 2015 Biennial Meeting (J. Pašava) Council greatly appreciated efforts of all organizing teams who tral Andes Deposits. must be in grey level tones, not colour!). J. Pašava briefly informed about a status of received bids. SGA contributed to successful SGA promotion. African Metallogeny Please always send a paper copy and indi- Council received two bids – one prepared by a group from Brazil Course was highly appreciated by the President of IUGS. Editorial matters (B. Lehmann, P. Williams) cate the format you are using. and the second one prepared by a French-German-Belgian consor- The report was presented by B. Lehmann and P. Williams. Journal The report was given tium. At the moment, both groups are working on replies to addi- Council greatly appreciated efforts of all organizing teams who by P. Williams. The journal continues to attract a high level of submissions and the Chief tional questions, which were raised by Council members. After the contributed to successful SGA promotion. Editors agreed to increase the number of pages per volume to the maximum allowed (1000) Deadline for SGA News No. 32 receipt of both materials the complete bids will be emailed to SGA under the current agreement with the Springer Publishing House. Council approved the 31 October 2012 Council members for an electronic vote. Future activities report with great thanks and also highly appreciated editorial work of P. Williams who will Action: J. Pašava to organize electronic vote possibly by May 15, • The 6th International Siberian Early Career GeoScientists Con- retire from his position from 1st July 2012. 2012. ference – (June 9–23, 2012 Novosibirsk, Russia) - organized by Action: All Council members are encouraged to suggest nominations from within Council SGA N e w s – M a i l b ox a newly forming SGA Novosibirsk Chapter – J. Relvas (SGA and also other nominations to B. Lehmann and P. Williams by May 8, 2012. These nomina- Dr. Massimo Chiaradia Progress report on the creation of SGA Educational Foundation keynote speaker) tions have to be approved by the nominees. The description of duties of the Chief Editor, Department of Mineralogy (J. Pašava et al.) • Ophiolites and related ores and industrial minerals (16–22 May MD is available from B. Lehmann and P. Williams. University of Geneva After presentation of a summary report by J. Pašava and discussion 2012 Trabzon, Turkey) – SGA sponsored workshop – organized Rue des Maraîchers 13 Council approved the following motions: by I . Uysal et al. Status of SGA Guidebook series and update on revival of SGA Special Publications CH-1205 Geneva G. Beaudoin (coordinator) with P. Weihed, J. Pašava and H. Frim- • Session “Trace elements in oxides minerals from ore deposits….” (J. Slack) Fax: +41 22 379 32 10 mel to set up the SGA EF either in Switzerland or in any other (within Theme 9-Earth´s Resources: Origin, Evolution, Sustain- After a brief summary by J. Pašava, presentation of J. Slack and discussion Council ap- e-mail: [email protected] country. able Exploitation and Remediation of the 22nd Goldschmidt proved the following motions: [email protected] J. Pašava to inform D. Groves about the importance of the prepara- Conference – June 24–29, 2012 Montreal, Canada – Brenan et al. J. Slack with P.Weihed to negotiate with Ch. Bendall (Springer) better conditions for pub- tion of the 8-days training course in Mokrsko, Czech Republic as – approved EUR 1000 for 4 students (SGA members). lishing SGA Special Publications. suggested in his letter to mining companies. >>> 4 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 5 <<<

• Session “Black shale-hosted mineral resources: deposit character- • “re deposits models and exploration” workshop traditionally held LIST OF NEW SGA MEMBERS (October 27, 2011-March 27, 2012) ization, geochemical controls, and exploration potential” (Theme in China (dates under discussion – between October 22 and No- 35 Regular, 25 Student and 1 Corporate Members applied for membership (27/10/2011– 9) of the 22nd Goldschmidt Conference – June 24–29, 2012 Mon- vember 17, 2012 Guangzhou, China) – requested USD 1500 for 27/03/2012) treal, Canada – Slack et al. – approved EUR 1000 for 4 students SGA keynote D. Leach – already approved by SGA EC SGA COUNCIL 2012 (SGA members) • XX Congreso Geologico Boliviano (1–4 October 2012 La Paz, • Freiberg Short Courses in Economic Geology (organized annually Bolivia) – request for SGA keynote speakers – O. Arce (President, President P. Weihed (Sweden) by J. Gutzmer) – SGA sponsorship (student´s participation) – at BGA) Vice-President G. Beaudoin (Canada) Regular Members the moment no funding requested Action: P. Weihed to ask E. Ferrari and K. Kouzmanov to act as Executive Secretary J. Pasava (Czech Republic) Dr. Diana Irene MUTTI Lebensohn 1526(1661) Bella Vista, Buenos Aires ARGENTINA • 34th IGC (August 5-10, 2012 Brisbane, Australia) – 2 SGA ses- SGA keynote speakers (SGA would cover economy air fare) and Treasurer H. Frimmel (Germany) Mr. Doug MENZIES 16 Cullen Drive Kiama Downs NSW 2533 AUSTRALIA sions and 1 SGA co-sponsored session and SGA Council Meeting to inform O. Arce. Promotion Manager P. Eilu (Finland) Mrs Melissa SAY 21 Orange Grove Essendon North Victoria 3041 AUSTRALIA Mr. Jonas Mota e Silva SQN 408, Bloco N, apto 307 – Asa Norte Brasília – DF, 70856-140 BRAZIL – D. Houston et al. – reservation for SGA Council meeting had • Requests from SGA Chapters (Prague – 2500 EUR, Baltic - 4030 Chief Editors B. Lehmann (Germany) - MD Dr. Ghislain TOURIGNY 91 Place du Kilimanjaro, villa A04 Ouaga 2000, 11 B.P. 818 CMS Ouagadougou to be cancelled due to insufficient presence of SGA Councillors, EUR, Novosibirsk – 1000 EUR) – approved 2500 EUR for European Office possible SGA promotion in discussion. Prague, 2500 EUR for Baltic and 1000 EUR for Novosibirsk. BURKINA FASO P. Williams (Australia) - MD Dr. Jim OLIVER 4377 Karindale Road Kamloops V2B 8N1 British Columbia CANADA • 2nd Short Course on African Metallogeny (the Central African Australian Office Mr. Matthew ROSALES Teck Resources Ltd 3300-550 Burrard St. Vancouver, BC V6C 0B3 CANADA Any other business Copperbelt, 2013, locality and dates still to be decided) – S. M. Chiaradia, C. Heinrich Mr. Laurence SOOKOCHOFF Suite 120 125A 1030 Denman Street Vancouver BC, V6G 2M6 CANADA Roberts et al. Electronic “Talk list” (J. Slack) (Switzerland) - SGA News Mr. Zhang HONG Northwest University Xian, P.R. CHINA • 12th SGA BIENNIAL MEETING (August 12–15, 2013 Uppsala, The concept was presented by J. Slack (Item 15-1). Council ap- Mr. Mingxing LING No 511, Kehua Street Wushan, Tianhe District Guangzhou P.R. CHINA D. Layton-Matthews (Canada) Sweden – www.akademikonferens.uu.se/sga2013) – P. Weihed proved the document with great thanks. Action: G. Beaudoin to Mr. Meizhen ZHAN No 511, Kehua Street Wushan, Tianhe District Guangzhou P.R. CHINA - SGA website et al. initiate a new on-line SGA Talk Listserv through SGA website. Mr. Freddy QUIJANO Urbanizacion Camino de los Eucaliptos, Calle B Casa 804. Sector Carretas, Quito Student Represent. A. Vymazalová (Czech Rep.) ECUADOR Ms Anne-Sylvie ANDRE-MAYER 6 Résdidence du Parc 54 670 Malleloy FRANCE Requests for sponsorship Insurance for SGA (update by H. Frimmel) Regional Vice-Presidents Dr. Benjamin BRIGAUD Universite Paris-Sud Bat 504 91405 Orsay FRANCE • Black shales and ore deposits (SGA sponsored session at the 29th A contract on corporate third party insurance for SGA has been Dr. Cyril DURAND FRE 3298 Geosystemes Université Lille 1 59 655 Villeneuve d´Ascq Cedex FRANCE IAS Meeting, September 10-13, 2012 Schladming, Austria) – B. finalized with Zürich and is in effect since beginning of September Asia Z. Hou (China) Mr. Aurelien EGLINGER 25 route de Valdoie 90 300 Eloie FRANCE Lehmann and J. Pašava (requested EUR 1000 for sponsoring 2011. Australia/Oceania D. Huston (Australia) Dr. Philippe GONCALUES 6 rue lucien pilbt 25 000 Besancon FRANCE SGA student participants) – there are two other MD sessions and Europe A. Cheilletz (France) Mr Jean LESCUYER 108 route de Darvoy – Cherelle 45150 Jargeau FRANCE Mr Jean Pierre MILESI 21 Rue Gerard de Fontenay 45240 Ligny le Ribault FRANCE J. Raith asked if SGA would consider sponsoring also SGA stu- SGA award for recognition of special services to the society – N. Africa-Mid. East S. Bouhlel (Tunisia) Dr. Pierre TRAP 22 Grande rue 70 150 ETUZ FRANCE dent participation in his session – on Sediment hosted base metal update (H. Frimmel) North America A. Conly (Canada) Mr. Jean-Philippe URSUCE 2 Allée des Chenes Verts 31 780 Castelginest FRANCE deposits - approved H. Frimmel informed Council that the proposal is under preparation South Africa J. Kabete (Tanzania) Dr. Klaus FREYMANN Deutsches Museum 1 D - 80538 Munchen GERMANY • EMC 2012 (September 1–7, 2012 Frankfurt am Main, Germany) by D. Houston (Chair of Award Committee). South America E. Ferrari (Peru) Dr. Hossein KOUHESTANI Department of Geology Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan University Zanjan 45195- – MD sessions: 313 IRAN Mr. Olawale Kayode AROMOLARAN Departmen of geology University of Ibadan Ibadan NIGERIA 8a – Ore belts in Europe, Report of the Technical Liason on the SGA Biennial Meeting held Councillors: term ending on December 31, 2013 8b PGM and related accessory minerals in mafic-ultramafic rocks in Antofagasta in September 2011 (F. Tornos) Mr. Luis TEJADA ALVAREZ Av.Alfonso Ugarte 304, Casilla 299 Arequipa PERU and unconventional deposits, The report was presented by J. Pašava (Item 15–3). Council greatly S. Roberts (U.K.) Mr. Reynaldo C. ESTACIO 7 Cosmos St., Amparo Heights Baguio City, 2600 PHILIPPINES Ms Mircea NEGULICI Str. Doctor Clunet Nr. 3, Etaj 1, Sector 5 Bucuresti 050527 ROMANIA 8c Ore-forming hydrothermal processes appreciated the report and provided its copy to K. Lax – chair of S. Diakov (Canada, East Asia) Dr. Peter KODERA Dept of Geology of Mineral Deposits Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University P. Eilu (Finland) 8d Critical raw materials for Europe the SGA 2013 Meeting. 842 15 Bratislava SLOVAKIA

SOCIETY FOR GEOLOGY APPLIED TO MINERAL DEPOSITS TO APPLIED SOCIETY FOR GEOLOGY A. Piestrzynski (Poland) SGA sponsorship to all MD session suggested by J. Pašava and Mr. Michael S. CRONWRIGHT P.O. Box 2137 Xanadu Crossing, Hartbeespoort North West 0279 SOUTH approved by session chairs – requests for sponsorship indicating Date and Place of the Next Council Meeting F. Hongrui (China) AFRICA type of presentation accepted by LOC, amount of money request- To be decided and announced at a later date. J. Relvas (Portugal) Mr. Chris JACKSON 51 St.David`s Road Claremont, 7708 Cape Town SOUTH AFRICA ed and purpose of money use should be directed to session chairs R. Smith (Australia, China) Mr Roman HANES Dragon Mining Sweden AB Pautrask 100 SE-923 98 Storuman SWEDEN Mrs Gulseda GUNGOR 2432 Cadde Prof Dr. Altan Gunalp Sitesi 10/8 Cayyolu/Ankara TURKEY by July 15, 2012. The recipients of the grants will be selected and E. Campos (Chile) Mr. Federico Gonzales RAMOS Joaquin Suarez 3571/604 117 00 Montevideo URUGUAY approved by SGA and session chairs will be informed of a deci- Mr. Matthew BIDWELL Royal Gold Inc. 1660 Wynkoop St., Suite 1000 Denver, CO 80202 USA sion by August 15, 2012 (only for SGA student members) – EUR Councillors: term ending on December 31, 2015 Prof. John L. NOLD Dept. of Earth Science U. of Central MO – 107 WCM Warrensburg, Missouri USA 2000 for all four sessions (4x500 EUR) – approved F. Bierlein (Australia) N. Bortnikov (Russia) Student Members J. Gutzmer (Germany) Mr. Akumbom VISHITI University of Buea Faculty of Science P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Province K. Kelley (U.S.A.) CAMEROON REDUCED PRICES FOR SGA PROCEEDINGS J. Richards (Canada) Mr. Shuang LI No 511, Kehua Street Wushan, Tianhe District Guangzhou P.R. CHINA J. Wilkinson (U.K.) Mr. Jia SUN Hai Dian District Xueyuan Road No 2P 100083 Beijing P.R. CHINA Mr. Saijun SUN 511Kehua Street No 511, Kehua Street Wushan, Tianhe District Guangzhou P.R. Mr. Junx- ing ZHAO P.O.Box 9825 100029 Beijing P.R. CHINA CHINA BEIJING (2005) – Mao and Bierlein (eds) – Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 2 Volume, Ex officio Members, SEG Mr. Jakub KRYL Komenského nám 215 261 01 Příbram CZECH REPUBLIC Mr. Filip PODOLSKÝ Fáborského 965 516 01 Rychnov nad Kněžnou CZECH REPUBLIC over 1600 pages incl. CD-ROM President L. Fontboté (Switzerland) NOW available for 30 EUR plus shipping costs Mr. Michal RAISIGL Pazderkova 867 460 06 Liberec 6 CZECH REPUBLIC Executive Director B. G. Hoal (USA) Mr Lukáš ZAHRADNÍČEK Na Vyhlídce 499 Kutná Hora 284 01, CZECH REPUBLIC DUBLIN (2007) – Andrew et al. (eds): Digging Deeper, 2 Volumes, over 1600 pages incl. CD-ROM Mr Gregory BALLAS 24 Rue de l`Amandier 34 000 Montpellier FRANCE Mr Mosgeme GIGOUY 133 Rue des Blains 92 220 Bagneux FRANCE NOW available for 50 EUR plus shipping costs Ex officio Members, IAGOD Mr. Wilfried TOE 85 Rue des Cherevieres 54 600 Villers les Nancy FRANCE Ms. Sibylle SCHEDEL Gruben 3 96272 Hochstadt GERMANY Please contact Sabine Lange, Rixenweg 2, D-24222 Schwentinental- OT Klausdorf, GERMANY, phone +49-431-7993303, Secretary General S. Cherkasov (Russia) Mr. Ali SHOLEH No 24, No 6, Nohom Sharghi Laleh Shomali, Ferdows Gharb Blv. Tehran IRAN fax +49-431-7993420, email: [email protected] Publication Manager R. Seltmann (U.K.) Miss Urszula JANICKA Ul. Cechowa 47a 30-614 Krakow POLAND Miss Paulina KOLARZ Ul. Pachonskiego 6/245 31-223 Krakow POLAND Miss Joanna KOLODZIEJCZYKUl. Na Blonie 11/8 30-147 Krakow POLAND >>> 6 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 7 <<<

Mr. Maatla LETSHOLO AGH-University of Science and Technology 30-072 A p p l i c a t i o n s to SGA for meeting sponsorship must be Budryka 2 Krakow POLAND Mines d’Aljustrel, which ran both mines just 401 inhabitants. The urban structure of powered lamps) and by the onset of stricter Mr. Pawel LYDEK 30/2 Strazacka Street 42-450 Grabowa POLAND submitted to Jan Pašava, SGA Executive Secretary, on appropri- (Lousal and Aljustrel) for two years. Fi- the Lousal village is centred on the build- regulations concerning fresh-air circulation Ms. Lisa ANDERSSON Professorsvagen 33 97751 Lulea SWEDEN ate forms available at the SGA home page on Internet: nally, in 1936, the Belgian corporation ings related to the mining activity – head- inside the mine. The underground min- Mr. Peter KARLSSON Dokkas 74 982 92 Gellivare SWEDEN www.e-sga.org Société Anonyme Mines et Industries S.A., frames, workshops, stores and laboratories ing works reached about 500 m depth. Miss Sanna NAALISVAARA Vanortsuagen 12 97754 Lulea SWEDEN which preceded SAPEC, became the owner – and presents a uniform volumetry, with After the early 1950’s, pyrite ore went out Ms. Carolin RYR Ringgatan 6j 752 17 Uppsala SWEDEN Other requests will be not considered. of the Lousal mine. SAPEC still owns the buildings spread out over all the mining pe- through the mineshaft and was processed Mr. Anders ZETTERGREN Professorsvagen 33 97751 Lulea SWEDEN mine despite the shut down of the operation rimeter. Besides the mining buildings, there in a crushing plant on surface. The treat- Mr. Brett DAVIDHEISER Flat 2/1, 45 Edgemont st Glasgow UK Your suggestions and ideas for any topic of interest to in 1988. are two other groups of structures in the ment of pyrite ore began with a preliminary corporate Members SGA are­ welcome! In 1911, the Lousal village had just 167 area: the social support buildings – medical granulometric selection (sieving), followed BARRICK Australia Pacific LTD Exploration Librarian Locked Bag 12 Clois- They can be addressed to any Council member or to inhabitants. However, the boom of mining ward, school, church and market – and the by successive crushing and grinding op- ters Square, Perth AUSTRALIA activity, which followed the purchase of housing buildings, including accommoda- erations, and finally handpicked by women Dr. Jan Pašava the mine by the Société Anonyme Mines tion for the miners and for the technical (Silva, 1968). The ores were sold on the SGA Executive Secretary et Industries, SA, in 1936, caused a rapid personnel, and the administration building. national market and exported to Belgium. population expansion: in 1940 there were The exploitation methods and equipment Pyrite was used to produce sulphuric acid Czech Geological Survey 1273 inhabitants, and in 1960 this number available changed considerably along the to which phosphorite from Morrocco was Tel.: +420 2 5108 5506 had increased to 1906. With the onset of lifetime of the mine; the same was true added to make super-phosphate fertilizers Klárov 131/3 mechanised production, less people were for the ore-processing procedures. Mecha- used for agriculture. Fax: +420 2 518 18 748 employed in the mine, with consequent fall nised production progressively replaced In 1958, Frédéric Velge, son of Antoine CZ-118 21 Prague 1 in local population numbers: 1252 inhabit- manual work (Fig. 3). Working condi- Velge, the main holder of Société Anonyme e-mail: [email protected] ants in 1970; 957 in 1981; and as few as 734 tions and safety inside the mine were also Mines et Industries, SA, became director Czech Republic in 2001, when the mine was already shut much improved, namely by the use of of the Lousal Mine and opened an epoch down. According to the last demographic safety gear (helmets, steel-tipped boots, of great expansion for the mine. With the survey, in 2011, the population amounted to face-masks with filters, personal battery- help of the on-site geologist Günter Strauss,

>>> page 1 Lousal, Portugal: a successful (Strauss, 1970; Schermerhorn et al., 1987; and António) (Matos and Oliveira 2003). example of rehabilitation of an old mine at Matos and Oliveira, 2003). The Lousal The deposit was mainly exploited for pyrite the Iberian Pyrite Belt mine sequence consists of mudstone and and consisted of about 50 Mt of ore at 1.4% quartzite in the lower part of the succession zinc, 0.8% lead and 0.7% copper (Strauss, (PQ), over which a thick VSC succession 1970). The ores have long been known to 2. GEOLOGICAL SETTING occurs. To the SW, the flysch sediments contain significant amounts of gold, which The Iberian Pyrite Belt embraces a large (BAF; Mértola Formation) cover the ore- was sporadically exploited as a by-product. amount of volcanic-hosted massive sul- bearing VSC. From base to top, the VSC Recently, Reiser et al. (2010) and de Olivei- phide deposits, with a pre-mining total is formed by rhyolitic lavas, basic volcanic ra et al. (2011) addressed the fact that some tonnage that exceeds 1750 Mt of sulphides, rocks (spillites), a thick sequence of black ores contain significant amounts of Ge and enclosing 22 Mt of copper, 34 Mt of zinc and grey shales, which were intruded by a In, respectively. and 12 Mt of lead metals (Tornos, 2006). rhyolitic sill and host the massive sulphide The province has been mined continuously mineralization, and finally a thick interval 3. THE LIFETIME OF THE MINE since the Chalcolithic era. The Rio Tinto composed of mudstone and two interven- The chronology of the lifetime of the Lousal deposit in Spain is acknowledged as be- ing basaltic units. The Lousal structure is mine is relatively simple (Rodrigues, 2005; ing the largest deposit of its class ever to characterized by SW-verging Hercynian Vidas na Mina – Memórias, Percursos form, with over 500 Mt of sulphide ores folding and faulting, which was overprinted e Identidades). Although the area shows (Leistel et al., 1998). The Aljustrel and by late-Hercynian N-S normal faults that several signs of mining activity since the Neves Corvo deposits in Portugal, and the cut the sequence and vertically displace and Bronze age (ca. 3300 BC), with particular Las Cruces deposit in Spain are among tilt the resulting blocks (Fig. 2; Rosa et al. emphasis on constructions probably built the world’s richest deposits of their class 2010; Matos et al. in prep). The ore-bearing for defence as well as for ore storage, the (Carvalho et al., 1999). In the Iberian Pyrite facies are predominantly fine-grained vol- “modern” discovery of the deposit only Belt, the massive sulphide mineralization caniclastic units and black shales (Rosa et took take place in 1882 by a local farmer is hosted by a submarine sedimentary and al., 2010). The massive sulphide mineral- - António Manuel – who required from the volcanic, felsic dominated, succession that ization occurs in close dependence to felsic Portuguese “Ministry of Public Works and constitutes the Upper Devonian to Lower volcanic centres, where intense ore-forming Mines” an official document dated from Carboniferous Volcanic-Sedimentary Com- hydrothermal activity led to extensive chlo- that year recording the discovery of the plex (VSC; Silva et al., 1990; Oliveira et al. ritic/sericitic alteration and stockwork min- Lousal gossan. He was granted a temporary 2006; Pereira et al. 2008). This unit overlies eralization (Fernandes, 2011). lease in 1885, but lost it in 1899 for not the Phyllite-Quartzite Group (PQ; Upper The Lousal deposit consists of several having submitted an exploitation plan to Devonian, base unknown) and is overlain ore lenses that are lined up along 1.5 km the authorities. Between 1900 and 1934, by the Baixo Alentejo Flysch Group (BAF; length in strike (Strauss, 1970). Two groups the exploitation rights were property of Lower to Upper Carboniferous). of lenses were distinguished: the western several individual persons and companies, The Lousal mine is located in the north- group formed by three ore lenses (Extreme including the company Henry Burnay & western part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, South, South and West), and the eastern Cia, which exploited the mine for about one a sector limited to the N, E and S by the group formed by seven ore lenses (Central, decade. In 1934, the mining lease became Figure 1. General geology of the Iberian pyrite belt and location of the Lousal deposit and other massive sulfide deposits (modified after Carvalho et al., Tertiary sediments of the Alvalade basin Miguel, José, Fernando, North, Northeast property of the Société Anonyme Belge des 1999 and Huston et al., 2011). >>> 8 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 9 <<<

4. THE “RELOUSAL” REHABILITATION ­PROGRAM storehouse of the mine (“Armazém Cen- determined to keep alive their mining tradi- tral”, 2000), patrimonial valorisation, soil tions, patrimonial legacy, culture and way The name RELOUSAL stands for REvital- decontamination, reforestation and a visitor of living. ization, REnewing, REcovery and REha- welcoming centre (2001). In 2003, a local bilitation of community life in the Lousal technical office of the Grândola Municipal- 5. ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION village. The RELOUSAL Program required ity was installed in Lousal, and, in 2005, a Besides some copper-rich gossans exploit- a solid institutional framework, which ca- charming hotel located in the ancient house ed on surface during the early years of the talysed the joint efforts of the mine owner of the mine administration was inaugurated mine, the Lousal mining operation was – the SAPEC Corporation – with the local (Sta. Bárbara Lodge; Fig. 5B). The Urban mostly underground and oriented for the authorities – the Municipality of Grândola Plan for the village was formally ratified deeper pyritic lenses (Matos & Olivei- – leading to the creation of the Frédéric in 2007, fuelling the requalification of the ra, 2003). Notwithstanding this, one main Velge Foundation. Thus, less than ten years urban space, the marketing of touristic open-pit, now partially flooded, was devel- after the closure of the mine, it was de- projects and the internationalization of the oped in association with the underground cided to promote an integrated development whole initiative. works in order to assure the supply of program in Lousal, encompassing several It should be said that, despite all these barren rocks needed to refill the exploited complementary features. In 1995, Funda- advances, probably the major achievement underground galleries (Fig. 6). In addition, ção Frédéric Velge appointed “Oficina de of the RELOUSAL Program is that, in large volumes of waste were generated by Arquitectura” a private company of archi- the course of these years, the local new the mining activities, ranging from barren tects to co-ordinate the program. The aim generation, sponsors, administrators, pro- overburden and barren rock, to various of the program is to rehabilitate the village, fessionals, scientists and mine owners col- types of tailings (the amount of waste both in environmental, economic and social lectively became “contaminated” by this stored on-site is estimated to be greater terms. Emphasis has been given to the cul- place and by its community, which remains than 1 Mt; Silva et al., 2005). Rainwater tural and scientific aspects, but the touristic potential of the whole project was strongly valued as well. The number of technical professionals and scientists involved in the RELOUSAL program is really exceptional. More than fifty researchers coming from different institutions – Universities, Research In- stitutes, Museums and the Portuguese As- sociation for Industrial Archaeology – and covering many different fields in Science and Technology (e.g., Geology, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Engi- neering, Computer Graphics) have already been involved somehow, at least in one of the components of the Program. In particular, the strong commitment of the University of Lisbon, through its Faculty of Science, and the National Museum of Natural History and Science has raised very high the scientific standards of the whole initiative. Several facilities have been created in the framework of RELOUSAL, aimed at add- ing value to the Lousal mining heritage, via reuse of the industrial complex, equipment and objects of the old mine (Fig. 4). The positive impacts of the program in terms Figure 2. Geologic map of the Lousal mine area (simplified after Matos et al., in prep.) of socioeconomic regeneration of the local community have been notable. Since 1996, the RELOUSAL program has supported he modernized the management and intro- village also knew progressive improve- of the mine and the extraordinary increase a number of different activities and proj- duced new methods of mechanised mining ment: water- and electricity-equipped hous- in its productivity. The closure of the Lousal ects of different nature, including partial production. During the 60’s and the 70’s, the ing for miners and other mine-employees, a Mine, in 1988, was not an isolated case in re-accommodation of the resident popula- Lousal mine was an example of innovation hospital, church, bakery, recreation hall and the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The low copper and tion, professional training for the ex-miners and modernity in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. By other amenities. Besides his investment in zinc contents of the mined ores compro- and their families, promotion of handicraft that time, the annual production of the mine mechanised production, it can be said that mised their economic viability following activities and family-scale manufactories, reached 250 000 tons of mined ore. Simul- the social awareness of Frédéric Velge was the present-day unsustainability of sulphur public-ware equipment, a handicraft centre taneously, living conditions in the Lousal part of the reason for the enormous success extraction from pyrite. (1999; Fig. 5A), a restaurant in the main Figure 3. Underground work at the Lousal mine during the 60´s >>> 10 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 11 <<<

able remediation measures. This study was sion trenches and culverts, and evapora- focused in aspects such as ore geology and tion ponds. Some localized soil-covered mineralogy, ore extraction and processing, impermeable capping was applied to avoid mineralogical and chemical compositions the direct exposure of metal-rich or acid- and physical characteristics of the tail- producing solid wastes to rainwater and ings, safety, industrial relevance, etc. This superficial weathering. approach led to the sorting of more than (iii) A wetland system, composed by 100 mine sites according to hazardousness seventeen “pools”, was built between the (Oliveira et al., 2002). Expectedly, after this groundwater spring and the Corona stream study, the Lousal mine area was among the in order to minimize the complex problem sites targeted as requiring an intervention of AMD related with two main sources: the with high priority. Later on, several other milled ore deposited in the railway area and studies were made in the Lousal mine in or- the old mine open pit (Fig. 7). This phytore- der to characterize in detail the environmen- mediation system envisages the reduction tal situation and to propose a remediation of the input of contaminated loads on the strategy for this particular area (e.g., Silva Corona stream ecosystem, and consists of et al., 2006, 2009; Matos & Martins 2006). two different groups of pools, one group A rehabilitation plan directed to reclaim with an aerobic environment used for iron the Lousal contaminated area was defined precipitation, and a second one designed to Figure 4. Partial view of the Lousal open pit. The old building ahead was the crushing plant of the by EDM (Empresa de Desenvolvimento favour the precipitation of heavy metals in mine. Mineiro), the public company responsi- an anaerobic environment. Figure 5B. View of the Sta. Bárbara Lodge at Lousal (4* Rural Hotel) ble for the implementation of remediation The main stages of implementation of projects in old prospects and abandoned the EDM´s remediation project for Lousal mines in Portugal. Presently, in the Iberian are almost completed; nevertheless, some Pyrite Belt, EDM develops projects in the improvements in the functioning of the Aljustrel, Lousal, Chança, São Domingos constructed wetlands are still missing, be- and Caveira mines, all of them affected ing planned for the near future. by AMD (Matos & Martins 2006, Silva et al. 2009, Abreu et al. 2010). Due to the 6. MINING MUSEUM RELOUSAL program, which was already One of the first big projects that have running, the strategy adopted by EDM to been completed under the scope of the the Lousal area aimed to preserve as much RELOUSAL program was the Mining Mu- as possible the memory of the mining ac- seum. The project was promoted by the tivities, with significant protection of the Frédéric Velge Foundation, and developed mining landscape, essential to the develop- between 1998 and 2001 with the techni- ment of mining heritage projects (Matos et cal support of APAI, the Portuguese As- al. 2008). Their intervention was delineated sociation for Industrial Archaeology. This to confine within the impacted perimeter industrial museum was installed in a large the environmental aggressions identified, building formerly hosting the electrical and sort them out without obliterating from plant of the mine (“Central Eléctrica”). The the landscape the visual impressions left by installation accommodates several reha- almost a century of mining. The contami- bilitated equipment that possess valuable nation sources at this area were assessed significance from an industrial archaeologi- Figure 6. Aerial view of the mine open pit (flooded) and of the village of Lousal Figure 5A. Handcraft workshops at Lousal. and a variety of combined interventions cal standpoint. Among the pieces contained were implemented. therein standout a number of huge electrical (i) In order to avoid that the deep slopes alternators and air-compressors that closely circulates and percolates easily over and which is responsible for the formation of of the tailing deposits would promote the follow the major steps of the evolution of a local craftsman (ex-miner). Upon request, Lisbon, in collaboration with local authori- through these weakly cemented materials two interconnected ponds of acidic waters down slope movement of eroded material the mining exploitation methods through groups of visitors to the Mining Museum ties and Portuguese scientific institutions causing significant erosion and the trans- in the open-pit, with a groundwater spring that easily would reach the Corona stream, time (Tinoco et al., 2002; Fig. 8A). The can be guided by a local ex-miner, who and research community. There are nine- port of tailings debris to areas nearby and draining directly to one of them. The under- large volumes of contaminated soils, sedi- museum has multiple focal points, includ- was one of the electricity technicians of teen “Ciência Viva” Centres distributed all downstream (Silva et al., 2005). The soil ground connection between the abandoned ments and mine processing wastes have ing an exhibition, inaugurated in 2006, of the mine and thus is able to share with the over Portugal, which invite people of all at the mine area is now a mixture of soil, adits and wells, the ponds and the ground- been stabilized and consolidated on-site. over fifty scale-models made of wood and public his own memories of the electrical ages to join in the activities and interactive rock fragments and tailing material. The water spring, make this a complex system This provided more stable surfaces, pre- metal that perfectly represent machines plant and of the mine while they were still exhibitions in order to spread scientific and water flowing downslope from the waste of ‘diffuse’ sources of AMD (Silva et al., venting the erosion by reducing water run- and devices used for mining exploitation operating. technological culture among the wider Por- piles represents a source of acid mine drain- 2006, 2009, Abreu et al. 2010). off. In addition, some vegetation was also during the 19th century (Fig. 8B). The col- tuguese public. The “Ciência Viva” Centres age (AMD) into the Corona stream. Mine About a decade ago, the Portuguese Gov- grown in order to reinforce the topsoil and lection was originally produced in Germany 7. SCIENCE CENTRE are examples of modern scientific museol- wastes still containing high metal concen- ernment promoted an inventory and as- reduce the soil erosion and water loss by and was used for several decades to teach In Portugal, there is a national network of ogy. The main goals of the network are trations thus represent a long-lasting source sessment of abandoned mine sites in the evaporation. mining engineering, firstly at the Frieberg science centres called “Ciência Viva” that promoting knowledge and education on of metal pollution, representing a long-term Portuguese territory, in order to identify the (ii) In order to minimize contaminat- University, in Germany, and afterwards at depend directly of the government, through science and technology, mostly through public concern. Another major concern is environmental impacts, the risks inherent to ed runoff leaving the site, several mea- the Technical University of Lisbon, in Por- the “Ciência Viva” Agency, and are run attractive, hands-on, thought-provoking ex- the water table rebound at the Lousal area, former mining operations and the most suit- sures were undertaken, including diver- tugal. The models went to Lousal in a very jointly with the Pavilion of Knowledge in periments. bad shape and were fully reconstructed by >>> 12 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 13 <<<

scientific and technological culture and today it offers a variety of functions: exhi- bition areas, interactive exhibits, the virtual mine, a chemistry laboratory, a cybercafé and a modern auditorium with 60 seats, for presentation of documentaries and organi- zation of meetings, conferences, seminars and lectures. The Centre is extremely dy- namic and promotes also many educational activities that go far beyond the walls of the building: guided visits to the open-pit, geo- and bio-field trips, astronomy observations, scientific camping, among many others (Fig. 9C). The “Ciência Viva” Centre is administrat- ed by five associated institutions: the local Municipality (Grândola), the Frédéric Velge Foundation and the “Ciência Viva Agency”, which are the three funding entities, and Figure 7. Partial perspective of the wetland system installed at Lousal the Faculty of Science of the University of Lisbon and the ISCTE (another Portuguese University), which are responsible for the renewing and credibility of the scientific and technological contents and activities of the Centre. The Centre is operated by a team composed by thirteen skilled young professionals, most of them graduated with a MSc. degree (geology, biology, physics, chemistry, engineering, computer graphics, sociology; Fig. 9D). In two years, about twenty two thousand people – mostly scholar groups, families Figure 8B. Photo-mosaic showing multiple aspects of the Mining Museum of Lousal and tourists – have visited this science centre, and many other persons visited or benefited from the remaining components now consolidation, step-by-step develop- of the RELOUSAL program. These cir- ment and economic sustainability. Sooner cumstances completely changed the daily or later, Lousal should pass from a mining life scenario in Lousal. The dynamic activ- village under a rehabilitation program, to ity of the “Ciência Viva” Centre and its a territory able to attract investments and team brought a new reality to the village, where good economic opportunities may pushed forward new economic activities, emerge. Figure 8A. General view of the Mining Museum of Lousal (alternators’ area) justified new job opportunities for the local 2012-13 will be a biennium marked by population, and for the youth in particular, the implementation of two new projects. The “Ciência Viva” Centre of Lousal - interactive experiences and “hands-on” ex- and opened a new cycle in the revitalization The “Ciência Viva” agency funds the first Mine of Science was inaugurated in 2010 hibits (Fig. 9B). One can also try a virtual program initiated almost two decades ago. one, which is called “Home Sapiens – Sci- (Fig. 9A; http://www.lousal.cienciaviva.pt/ descent into a mine, by means of immersive ence at Home”. The project is already home/). It was conceived for a large-spec- 3D visualization technology. The develop- 8. WHERE TO NEXT? running and will enlarge significantly the trum audience in terms of age, education ment of immersive environments based on The rehabilitation of Lousal is an on-going exhibition area and the scientific contents and social or geographic origin. The general virtual reality (“CAVE-Hollowspace”) is process that has already reached a point that of the science centre, as a contiguous build- idea consists of taking advantage of the old a must of this centre, creating imaginary allows one to look at the future with justi- ing is being recovered to host an interactive mine environment to use the concept of environments where the past realities, or fied expectations. The steps forward that exhibition on the scientific and techno- “georesource” as a window opened through future possibilities can be recreated. The have been pursued so far have put together, logical concepts hidden behind the objects, a wide range of fields of knowledge that potential uses of this powerful technologi- in a consolidated way, a number of relevant materials and natural processes that accom- include the natural and exact sciences, ap- cal tool extend from scientific purposes to partners with different, but complementary Figure 9A. Main entrance of the Lousal “Ciência Viva”Centre pany our day-by-day life at home (Fig. 10). plied technologies and several fields of virtual prototypes or industrial applications. and compatible motivations. The imple- The second project, mostly funded by UE, engineering. In the Mine of Science, one The Centre was set up in a building that mented components of the program brought success lies on the permanent concern involved – local and municipal authorities, is already approved but not initiated yet. It exploits science and extracts knowledge, was associated with the past activity of with them the critical experience needed in keeping a strong dependence between “Ciência Viva” agency, universities and is called AMPERE and will be devoted to always with interactivity at the fingertips. the mine (geology office, lanterns room, to envisage the future challenges with re- the interests of the local community, high mine owners – provided the motivation and renew and improve the Mining Museum, There, the visitors may discover some of the miners’ locker room and bathhouse). The newed confidence. quality standards, and encouragement of the capacity to polarize significant fund- both in terms of contents and beneficiation most fascinating phenomena of the world building has been adapted in order to func- Despite all the difficulties, one crucial as- local entrepreneurship and creativity. The ing from national and European sources of the building. A large room will suffer of science and technology, through tens of tion as a space for the dissemination of pect that is thought to be part of the Lousal forward-looking policy of the institutions over time. The key words for the future are the necessary adaptations to become a hall >>> 14 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 15 <<<

Martins, L., Matos, J.X. (2010) Mining heritage in Portugal – the Iberian Pyrite Belt as tourist attraction. Bergau Folge Landschaft Konferenzdoku-mentation, Int. Bauausstellung Fürst-Pückler-Land 2000- 2010, ISBN 978-3-86859-043-2, 55-61 Matos, J.X. (2005) Carta Geológica e Mineira do Lousal, esc. 1/5000. INETI, Portugal Matos, J.X., Martins, L. (2006) Reabili- tação ambiental de áreas mineiras do sector português da Faixa Piritosa Ibérica: estado da arte e perspectivas futuras. IGME, Bol. Geológico y Minero España, ISSN 0366- 0176, v. 117, nº2, 289-304 Matos, J.X., Martins, L.P., Oliveira, J.T., Pereira, Z., Batista, M.J., Quental, L. (2008) Rota da pirite no sector português da Faixa Piritosa Ibérica, desafios para Figure 9C. Guided geologic trip to the Lousal open pit um desenvolvimento sustentado do turismo geológico e mineiro. Projecto RUMYS, programa CYTED, Livro Rutas Minerales en Iberoamérica, Ed. Paul Carrion, Esc. Sup. Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Equador, 136-155 Matos, J.X.; Oliveira, V. (2003) Mina do Lousal (Faixa Piritosa Ibérica) - Percurso geológico e mineiro pelas cortas e gale- rias da antiga mina. IGME, Pub. Museo Geominero, nº2, 117-128 Matos, J.X., Rosa, C.J.P., Pereira, Z., de Oliveira, D., Rosa, D., Fernandes A.S., Rel- vas, J.M.R.S., Oliveira, J.T. (2012) Geology Figure 9B. Photo-mosaic showing a variety of “hands on” exhibits at the “Ciência Viva” Centre and Genesis of the Lousal Volcanic-Sedi- ment-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit, Ibe- for temporary exhibitions. In addition, the intensification of those contacts in order to clude an underground visit to the Lousal rian Pyrite Belt, Portugal (in preparation) project will include the creation of a docu- provide more and better visiting and learn- mine (Relvas et al., 2004). This is a realis- Oliveira, J.T., Relvas, J., Pereira, Z., mentation archive, properly organized and ing opportunities to European students and tic objective once there is an underground Matos, J., Rosa, C., Rosa; D., Munhá, J.M, opened to the public. This important com- citizens in general. This aim intersects with gallery that is still well preserved and can Jorge, R., Pinto, A. (2006) O Complexo ponent of the project will provide an oppor- a medium-term project directed to build a be recovered and kept at a reasonable cost Vulcano- Sedimentar da Faixa Piritosa: tunity to recover and properly classify and research centre in Lousal, devoted to metal- (located above the water table, in the flank estratigrafia, vulcanismo, mineralizações manage the abundant documentation left logeny and environmental geochemistry, of a hill; Figure 11). associadas e evolução tectono-estratigráfica by decades of mining activity at the Lousal which would attract researchers and PhD no contexto da Zona Sul Portuguesa. In: mine (maps, mine plants, reports on the ore students, a favourable condition to assure ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Geologia de Portugal no contexto da Ibéria. geology and engineering, files, etc.). There the scientific sustainability of the whole This article is dedicated to the people of Figure 9D. The “Ciência Viva” team at the Lousal Centre Dias, R., Araújo, A., Terrinha, P., Kullberg, is continuing demand for this type of visits, project in a long run. Lousal and to the extraordinary Lousal J.C. (eds.). Univ. Évora, Évora, 207-243 given their ample educational return, at all There is also a strong bet in adding value “Ciência Viva“ team. Acknowledgements Oliveira, J.M.S., Farinha, J., Matos, J.X., levels from high school to post-graduate to this territory by promoting the geo- and are due to those who have dedicated part of Barrie, C.T. and Hannington, M.D., eds., Fernandes A.S. (2011) Caracterização Ávila, P., Rosa, C., Machado, M.J.C., Dan- and professional. biotourism in the area (Martins and Matos, their lives to this project. Volcanic-associated massive Sulfide de- petrográfica, mineralógica e geoquímica do iel, F.S., Martins, L., Leite, M.R.M. (2002) Lousal receive frequent visits from un- 2010). Tourism is a fundamental piece for posits: processes and examples in modern padrão de alteração hidrotermal a muro das Diagnóstico Ambiental das Principais Áreas der- and post-graduate students, professors regional development in this part of the REFERENCES and ancient settings: Reviews in Economic massas de sulfuretos maciços do Lousal, Mineiras Degradadas do País. Boletim de and researchers, both from Portuguese and country, and the authorities are committed Abreu, M., Batista, M.J., Magalhães, Geology, v. 8, Society of Economic Geolo- Faixa Piritosa Ibérica. Tese de Mestrado, Minas, Instiuto Geológico e Mineiro, 39 foreign universities, mostly interested in in supporting initiatives that may potenti- M.C.F., Matos, J.X. (2010) Acid Mine gists, Inc., 375-408 Universidade de Lisboa, Não Publicado, (2): 67-85 ore geology, mining engineering, environ- ate a link between the tourism of nature, Drainage in the Portuguese Iberian Pyrite de Oliveira, D., Matos, J.X., Rosa, C.J.P., 218p Pereira, Z., Matos, J.X., Fernandes, P., mental sciences and sociology. However, patrimony and mining legacy, with the Belt. Cap. II In Mine Drainage and Related Rosa, D.R.N., Figueiredo, M.O., Silva, Leistel, J.M., Marcoux, E., Thiéblemond, Oliveira J.T. (2008) Palynostratigraphy and the potential to enlarge this kind of col- classic coastal destinations. Obviously, this Problems Book, Editor Brock C. Robinson, T.P., Guimarães, F., Carvalho, J.R.S., Pinto, D., Quesada, C., Sánchez, A., Almodóvar, Systematic Palynology of the Devonian and laboration is far from being exhausted. opens a window of opportunity for Lousal Nova Science Publishers, ISBN: 978-1- A.M.M., Relvas, J.M.R.S., Reiser, F.K.M. G.R., Pascual, E., and Sáez, R. (1998) The Carboniferous Successions of the South Lousal belongs already to a number of in terms of sustainable development and, 60741-285-4, New York, USA, 51p (2011) The Lagoa Salgada Orebody, Iberian volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits Portuguese Zone, Portugal. Memórias do international networks related with min- simultaneously, an opportunity for Science Carvalho, D., Barriga, F.J.A.S., and Mun- Pyrite Belt, Portugal. Economic Geology, v. of the Iberian Pyrite Belt: Mineralium De- LNEG, N.º 34, 1-176. ing industry and mining heritage sites. in terms of public outreach. Accordingly, há, J. (1999) Bimodal-siliciclastic systems 106, 1111–1128 posita, v. 33, 2-30 The European authorities encouraged the the long-term project is one that will in- – the case of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, in >>> 16 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 17 <<< The SGA website

Daniel Layton-Matthews , Chief Editor SGA website Queen‘s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada, [email protected] http://www.e-sga.org

Figure 10. Preview of the Lousal “Ciência Viva “ Centre as it will look like after the implementation of the “Home Sapiens” project

Reiser, F.K.M., Rosa, D.R.N., Pinto, Silva, F. (1968) As Minas do Lousal. Bol. Lousal. Actas Congresso Internacional do A.M.M., Carvalho, J.R.S., Matos, J.X., Gui- Minas, Dir. Geral de Minas e SGP, 5 (3), Património Geológico e Mineiro, IGM/ marães, F.M.G., Alves, L.C. and Oliveira, 161-181 SEDPGYM/IPB, Beja, Portugal. D.P.S. (2010) - Mineralogy and geochem- Silva, J.B., Oliveira, J.T., and Ribeiro, A. Tornos F (2006) Environment of forma- istry of tin- and germanium-bearing copper (1990) Structural outline of the South Por- tion and styles of volcanogenic massive ore, Barrigão re-mobilized vein deposit, tuguese Zone, in Dallmeyer, R.D., and Mar- sulfides: the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Ore Geol Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal. International tinez Garcia, eds., Pre-Mesozoic geology of Rev 28:259-307 Geology Review, 1-27 Iberia: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p.348-362 Relvas, J., Póvoas, L., Costa, T., Ma- Strauss, G. (1970) Sobre la geologia de la tos, J., Varela, T., Barriga, F.J.A.S. (2004) provincia piritífera del SW de la Península Project “Underground Visit to the Lousal Ibérica y de sus yacimientos, en especial Mine”: Public Outreach to the Geology and sobre la mina de pirita de Lousal (Portugal). Mineralogy of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, 5th Mem. ITGE T. 77, 266 Int. Conf. “Mineralogy & Museums”- Bull. Tinoco, A., Matos, A., Santos, L., Póvoas, Soc. Française Minéralogie et Cristallogra- L., Relvas, J.M.R.S., Lopes, C., Barriga, phie, Paris, v. 16, 2., 70 F.J.A.S., Damas, C. (2002) A valoriza- Rosa C., McPhie J., Relvas J. (2010) ção do património geológico e mineiro do Type of volcanoes hosting the massive sulfide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 194, 107-126 Schermerhorn L.; Zbyzewski, G.; Fer- reira, V. (1987) Carta Geol. Portugal 42D Aljustrel, SGP, 55p Silva, E.A.F., Bobos, I., Matos, J.X., Pat- inha, C., Reis, A.P., Fonseca, E.C. (2009) Mineralogy and geochemistry of trace met- als and REE in volcanic massive sulfide host rocks, stream sediments, stream waters and acid mine drainage from the Lousal mine area (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal). Applied Geochemistry 24, Elsevier Ed., 383–401 Silva, E.F., Patinha, C., Reis, P., Fonseca, E.C, Matos, J.X., Barrosinho, J., Oliveira, J.M.S. (2006) Interaction of acid mine drainage with waters and sediments at the Corona stream, Lousal mine (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Southern Portugal). Environ Geology Vol. 50, 7, DOI 10.1007, Springer Verlag, 0943-0105 (Print) 1432-0495 (Online) Figure 11. Group of visitors in an underground gallery of the Lousal mine >>> 18 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 19 <<<

Chamber of Mines of Burkina Faso. On the porphyry Cu-type of mineralization was To achieve a win-win situation for all par- Report on the 1st SGA-SEG-UNESCO-IUGS next day, Mr Salif Kaboré, Burkina Faso’s followed and overprinted by syn-Birimian ties, delegates from industry are expected to Minister of Mines, Carriers and Energy orogenic gold mineralization along a major cross-subsidize with their course fees those Short Course on African Metallogeny in himself, honoured our meeting with his north-south trending shear zone. The field delegates who do not have access to suffi- presence and expressed his thanks for this trip was generously supported by Volta cient funds. Although this 1st Short Course ­Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 12–18 March 2012 initiative but also his hope for a continua- Resources who sponsored a final dinner on African Metallogeny saw a healthy mix tion of the training of West African geosci- that was also attended by Mr Jean Baptiste of delegates from industry, academia and entists in the years to come. Kambou, the mayor of Gaoua, and Mr Ber- government institutions, the proportion of The theoretical part of the course covered nard Y. Sawadogo, the chief commissioner delegates from the exploration industry a wide range of lectures. Following an of the Southwest Region. Special thanks was higher than expected. This made it introduction to the principal requirements go to our host there, the country manager possible to accumulate some money that for the formation of an ore deposit and an of Volta Resources, Mr Raphael Goama will form the beginning of an educational introduction to the regional geology, spe- Zoungrana, for his great hospitality. fund to be used to support a greater number cific topics that were addressed in greater For logistic reasons the number of partic- of students (and some academics from eco- detail included hydrothermal ore-forming ipants was initially set to not more than 50 nomically disadvantaged institutions) in fu- Hartwig E. Frimmel, course coordinator processes, structural control on mineral- for the theoretical part of the short course ture courses. Thus the 1st Short Course on Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97274 Wuerzburg, Germany, ization, orogenic gold deposits in general and not more than 20 for the post-workshop African Metallogeny was not only a great e-mail: [email protected] and geochemical exploration tools for such field trip. The demand for this course was, success for those who participated but also deposits in particular, IOCG deposits in however, so overwhelming that, although for those who plan to conduct, or participate After many months of planning and rising world. Thus, not surprisingly, the wish to projects stand a good chance of becoming Archaean rocks, Palaeoproterozoic granite- several (late) applicants had to be turned in, similar courses on the African continent excitement, the 1st Short Course on African organize some kind of training courses for mines in the foreseeable future. Apart from hosted gold deposits (with examples from down, a total of 61 delegates ended up in the years to come. Metallogeny was held from 12th to 18th young African geoscientists in the specific gold there are also promising prospects in Brazil), Archaean palaeoplacer deposits, for the short course, most of whom came Finally, it cannot be emphasized enough March 2012 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Fa- field of metallogeny, i.e. practical aspects manganese and several other commodities. rare metal deposits in pegmatites, genesis along for the field trip as well. Altogether that the success of such a Short Course lies so. Having been the first event of this kind of the genesis of ore deposits that can be The largely covered bedrock geology is of iron formation and their significance in 14 different exploration companies were not only in the hands of an organizing so- and of what is planned to become an annual applied in the formulation of future explora- dominated by Palaeoproterozoic granite- the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental present. The country origin of the partici- ciety, such as SGA, but hinges completely series of courses, it was naturally an experi- tion strategies, has been voiced repeatedly greenstone belts (Birimian) adjacent to an conditions, and iron ore as well as manga- pants reflected perfectly the overall African on the cooperation, efficiency and willing- ment with initially uncertain outcome. With by numerous companies and organizations, Archaen craton further west. Taking into nese ore deposits. These contributions were (with focus on West African) flavour of ness of a local partner. The whole team of hindsight it can safely be said that it was a foremost the Geological Society of Africa consideration the regional geological set- presented by Pasi Eilu from the Geological the course, with delegates not only from TTG has set a high standard, for which we huge success and a major milestone in the (GSAf), SGA and SEG. As an aftermath of ting and current exploration interests, Survey of Finland, Roberto (alias “Ale- Burkina Faso but also from as far afield as all owe them greatly. Now other groups in extra-university training of mine and explo- the IGCP’s 40th anniversary celebrations, “Precious and Not-so-precious Metals in luia”) Xavier from the University of Campi- Australia, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Africa are invited to take up the challenge ration geologists in Africa. an Earth Science Education Initiative in Old Cratons” nas, Brazil, Lenka Baratoux and Marieke France, Ghana, Guinea, India, Ivory Coast, to host one of the next Short Courses on The principle idea behind the Short Africa was launched and, as the concept was chosen as theme for the course. van Lichtervelde, both from the Institut de Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, and African Metallogeny. Applications to stage Course followed the model of the high- of running professional short courses for The course was hosted by Teng Tuuma recherche pour le développement (IRD) Sweden. such an event are called for and anyone ly successful UNESCO-SEG-SGA Latin African geoscientists fits perfectly into this Geoservices (TTG), a young company in in Toulouse, France, Nic Beukes from the The entire short course was presented in interested is invited to submit a proposal to American Metallogeny Courses that have initiative, it was no surprise that UNESCO Ouagadougou that provides exploration ser- University of Johannesburg, South Africa, English. A dominance of delegates from the SGA Executive Secretary Dr Jan Pašava been run annually in different locations in and the IUGS swiftly welcomed the plan vices as well as a brand new training centre. and Hartwig Frimmel from respectively the francophone countries led to initial con- ([email protected]). South America for the past three decades. of Short Courses on African Metallogeny. In fact, this course was the very first event University of Wuerzburg (Germany) and cerns that language could be a stumbling Thanks to our local sponsors in Burkina The African continent is well endowed with Under the leadership of SGA, the course staged by TTG in their new building, which the University of Cape Town (South Afri- block. Our French-speaking colleagues Faso, Teng Tuuma Geoservices and Volta mineral resources and yet much of Africa’s was organized with help from the Institut de became finished literally on the day before ca). Towards the end of the week, Peter Wil- very quickly proofed, however, that their Resources! mineral riches remain to be discovered. recherche pour le développement (IRD) in the opening of the course. The managing liams from Curtin University and partner language skills had been underestimated Mining has played a pivotal role in the Toulouse, financial contributions from SEG director of TTG, Dr Morou Francois Oue- in TTG provided insights into geophysical and that they could follow the English- economy of many African countries with and IUGS and sponsorship (in kind) from draogo, deserves much of the credit for exploration methods, with many real-life speaking presenters perfectly well, in spite contributions to foreign exchange earnings UNESCO and the GSAf. the success of the course. Together with examples, and Morou Francois Ouedraogo of having to deal with a variety of dialects exceeding 50 % in many instances. There The decision to run this first short course his staff he organized all the logistics on explained numerous examples of explora- and styles of pronunciation. is no doubt that the exploitation of mineral on African metallogeny in Burkina Faso, a site, supported the delegates from their tion successes in Burkina Faso. Finally, A principal goal of this and hopefully deposits could form a substantial, if not the country that is known to many foreingers as first steps into the country at the airport all the course was concluded by an outlook all following Short Courses on African strongest, platform on which to base the “Burkina what?”, was guided by a currently the way through to taking care of food and on future availability of georesources by Metallogeny has been and will remain the future uplifting of the African economy. extraordinary interest by many exploration drinks during the course and providing a Hartwig Frimmel. provision of a platform for further training At the same time Africa is moving more companies in the West African Craton as well equipped, comfortable lecture theatre. The five-day short course was followed of young geologists who have difficulties in and more into the focus of the global min- exemplified by WAXI, the West African Without his engagement and the tremen- by a two-day field trip to several explora- obtaining such training in the fields of ore ing industry, especially gold miners. This Exploration Initiative, and a keen interest dous work done by his wife and all the TTG tion projects in the area near Gaoua in the deposit research and exploration due to fi- became particularly evident at the recent by local geologist to host the course there. staff this short course would not have been southwestern part of Burkina Faso near the nancial constraints or the lack of capacity at PDAC Meeting in Toronto where discus- Burkina Faso is one of the poorest coun- possible. border to the Ivory Coast. This field visit their home institutions. This will be possi- sions revolved around the growing number tries in the world where the hopes for a The course attracted considerable inter- was led by Morou Francois Ouedraogo and ble only for as long as sufficient funding for of junior companies producing gold in better future are fuelled by the expectation est from the Burkina Faso government. Athanase Nara, chief geologist of Volta sponsoring students and professionals from Africa and growing space of acquisitions in to discover new ore deposits. Just in the Thus the opening ceremony on Monday, Resources. The participants were able to economically disadvantaged backgrounds countries like Burkina Faso or Ivory Coast. past five years five gold mines opened in 12th March, was attended by Mr Nombre, examine the style of mineralization (mainly can be generated. Although professional The discovery of new deposits as well as the country and the national gold produc- representatitve of the Minister of Mines of Cu and Au) in field outcrops, trenches and societies, such as SGA and SEG, and orga- the economic and sustainable exploitation tion rose from close to zero in 2006 (based Burkina Faso, who expressed his gratitude drill core, and gained a good insight into nizations, such as UNESCO or the IUGS, of known deposits requires skills that are merely on artisanal mining) to 33 t in 2011 to the organizers for the initiative to train the principle controls of Cu and Au min- can help to some extent, the onus of provid- not as readily available in many areas of when gold overtook cotton as the country’s young geoscientists in Burkina Faso, and eralization in that greenstone-dominated ing the required funds will continue to rest Africa as they might be in other parts of the most important export product. Several by Mr Koala, Executive Secretary of the area, reaching the conclusion that an early with the mining and exploration industry. >>> 20 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 21 <<<

Dr. Morou Francois Ouedraogo (left) is opening the short course in the An enthusiastic Roberto Xavier explains the principles of hydrothermal Some of the delegates gathering for a “family” photo around Mr Koala, Peter Williams sharing his vast experience in geophysical exploration in presence of the Mr Koala, Executive Secretary of the Chamber of Mines ore formation. Executive Secretary of the Chamber of Mines and Mr Nombre, representa- West Africa. (background left) and Mr Nombre, representative of the Minister of Mines tive of the Minister of Mines (middle left). (middle) and Prof. Frimmel, course coordinator (right).

Mr. Salif Kaboré, the Minister of Mines, Carriers and Energy of Burkina Lenka Baratoux explains the intricacies of geological structures and their Location of the short course: the Teng Tuuma Geoservices Training Centre Faso in the middle with Dr. Morou Francois Ouedraogo (to his left), sur- role in mineralization. in Ouaga 2000. rounded by the lecturers and TTG staff in front of the TTG training centre.

Morou Francois Ouedraogo provides insights into the regional geology of Burkina Faso.

Delegates trying to solve an orogenic gold exploration exercise. A happy round of lecturers during coffee break (from left: Nic Beukes, Delegates following the old-timers’ tracks in the search for copper near Roberto Xavier, Lenka Baratoux, Marieke van Lichtervelde, Hartwig Frim- Gaoua. mel, Pasi Eilu) >>> 22 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 23 <<<

Session the Meeting participants listened nomic Zn-Pb ores in Upper Silesia district “jumping over an apron” – a tradition that News from the Baltic Student SGA Chapter to the planar lecture given by Prof. Adam are hosted by dolomites of the Muschelkalk symbolizes that mining “apprentices” or Piestrzyński about the genesis of Polish (middle Triassic). It is estimated that 95% “foxes” are admitted to the Miners’ com- Kupferschiefer Cu-Ag deposit. After the of the ore produced in the Silesia district munity. The celebrations were accompanied Karolina Kielczyk, Andrzej Lis, Marta Sośnicka, Friederike Minz, Lisa Andersson presentation, the SGA BSC’s future was is hosted by the 35-70 m thick ore-bearing by the miners orchestra. discussed and the new council was elected. dolomite. The lens-shaped ore bodies reach Interesting and informative days in Po- AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland The 2012 Council of the Baltic Student locally up to 25 m of thickness. The ore is land where achieved during this meeting, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden Chapter SGA consists of: the President of composed mainly of fine grained, banded and a special thanks are directed to all the the Chapter: Marta Sośnicka (Poland), the or colloform sphalerite, galena, marcasite people who helped arranging this success- The Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and In the meeting participated 17 mem- and Technology in Poland (Marta Sośnicka, Secretary: Evelina Eriksson (Sweden), the and pyrite. Zn-Pb ores are also rich in the ful event. Environmental Protection of the AGH bers: 6 students from Lulea University of Władysław Zygo, Ireneusz Królewicz, Treasurer: Mira Valkama (Finland) and the following elements: Ag, Cd, Ge, Ga and Tl. University of Science and Technology in Technology in Sweden (Anders Zettergren, Karolina Kielczyk, Andrzej Lis, Gabri- Webmaster: Tomasz Ćwiertnia (Poland). In Back to Cracow, Cracow, Poland, hosted the SGA Student Lisa Andersson, Evelina Eriksson, Sanna ela Kozub, Tomasz Ćwiertnia, Arkadiusz the evening Polish and international partici- the participants at- Conference “Ore deposits” in December Naalisvaara, Andreas Karlsson, Friederike Piotrowski, Maatla Letsholo, Agnieszka pants enjoyed student night-life in Cracow tended the Miner’s 6-9, 2011. The Meeting was organized by Minz), one student from University of Bagnicka). during the ice-breaker party. Day, called “Bar- the Polish members of the Baltic Students Turku in Finland (Mira Valkama) and 9 The Baltic Student Chapter Meeting in- On the 9th of December participants bórka”. The event Chapter SGA. students of the AGH University of Science cluded field trips to underground mines visited the MVT Zn-Pb deposit in Olkusz- has been celebrated (pre-session field trip to Polish Kupfer- Pomorzany underground mine. The tour by Polish miners schiefer Cu-Ag mine and post-session field was guided in English by the main geolo- since the end of the trip to MVT Zn-Pb mine), presentations of gist Włodzimierz Cieślik. The initial min- 19th century. The the SGA Scientific Session, celebration of ing reserves were estimated at about 70 program of the cel- the Miner’s Day at the AGH University of Mt grading 4.6% Zn and 1.9% Pb. Current ebrations at the AGH Science and Technology and Cracow city annual production of the Pomorzany mine University of Sci- sightseeing. reaches 2.17 Mt of ore grading 4.09% Zn ence and Technol- On the first day, all participants visited and 1.77% Pb. The milling and concentrat- ogy usually includes the underground copper mine in Polkowice- ing facilities at the Olkusz-Pomorzany mine a holy mass, an of- Sieroszowice, exploiting copper ores from have a capacity of about 10,400 t/day. Eco- ficial meeting, the Figure 4: In the chamber of salt in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Cu-Ag mine, Polish Cu-Ag (copper shale) deposit. It Poland is one of the largest deposits of copper in Europe. The ore deposit is located in south-western Poland, and covers an area of around 467.6 km2. Mining operations are currently carried out at a depth between 0.6 and 1.38 km. The ore body is related to a formation of Permian rocks inclined towards the north-east. The ore contains around 2% of Cu and significant amounts of silver. In addition, salt rocks are extract- Figure 1: Participants of the SGA Scientific Session at the AGH University of Science and Technology ed from the Zechtein beds located above the Kupferschiefer horizon. The room-and- pillar mining system is the applied mining method. During a four-hour tour, students saw the copper exploitation front and also the chamber in overlaying huge salt beds. Figure 5: In the MVT Zn-Pb Olkusz-Pomorzany mine, Poland The Student Scientific Session took place at the AGH University of Science and Tech- nology in Cracow on the 8th of December 2011. The official language of the SGA Session was English. Different aspects of ore deposits from Finland, Ukraine, Mon- golia, Laos, Kosovo, Botswana and Poland were covered in the presentations given by the students. All presentations were evalu- ated by scientific committee of: Prof. Adam Piestrzyński, Dr Eng. Jadwiga Pieczonka and Dr Hab. Jaroslav Pršek. The commit- tee awarded the best presentations: among PhD students: Tomasz Ćwiertnia and Mi- ra Valkama and among Master students: Maatla Letsholo, Anders Zettergren and Figure 2: The Meeting participants at the Cu exploitation front in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Cu-Ag Arkadiusz Piotrowski. After SGA Scientific Figure 3: In the chamber of salt in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Cu-Ag Figure 6: The participants in front of the MVT Zn-Pb Olkusz-Pomorzany mine, Poland mine, Poland mine, Poland >>> 24 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 25 <<<

Engineering 34100 Avcilar -Istanbul TURKEY; *September 1–6 2014 Email: [email protected]; weblink: http:// 11th International Conference on Paleoceanogra- >>> FORTHCOMING EVENTS <<< www.ecrofi2013.org phy (ICP11), Barcelona, Spain – Contact: http:// *August 30–September 6 www.icp2013.cat/ IMA 2014 General Meeting — 21st General July 20–24 The 2012 Gordon Conference organizers are *August 21–22 Meeting of the International Mineralogical As- IAVCEI 2013 General Assembly: Forecasting December 15–19 John Muntean ([email protected]), the chair, World Congress on Earth Science & Climate sociation, Johannesburg, South Africa – Contact: marks a new entry Volcanic Activity, Kagoshima, Japan – Contact: AGU 2013 Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Cali- * Jon Hronsky ([email protected]), Change, Chicago, United States – Contact: http:// http://www.ima2014.co.za http://www.iavcei2013.com/ fornia, United States. – Contact: AGU Meetings industry co-chair, and Robert Moritz (Robert. www.omicsonline.org/earthscience2012/ Department 2000 Florida Avenue, NW Washing- [email protected]), the vice-chair. For those who *August 12–15 ton DC USA 20009; weblink: http://www.agu. 2015 wish to attend, please fill out the application September 2–6 12th SGA Biennial Meeting “Mineral Deposit org/meetings/; AGU Meetings Department 2000 2012 form on the aforementioned website. Please do 1st European Mineralogical Conference, Frank- Research for a high-tech World”, Uppsala, Swe- Florida Avenue, NW Washington D.C. U.S.A. not hesitate to contact us with any questions. furt/Main, Germany – Contact: weblink: http:// *August 24–27 den – Contact: www.akademikonferens.uu.se/ 20009; Phone: (+1-202-777-7333) July 15–20 emc2012.uni-frankfurt.de/ 13th SGA Biennial Meeting “Mineral Resources sga2013; e-mail: [email protected] GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON *July 15–22 in a Sustainable World”, Nancy, France – Con- GEOCHEMISTRY OF MINERAL DEPOSITS, 9th ISEG — International Symposium on En- *September 11–12 tact: [email protected] Proctor Academy, Andover, New Hampshire, vironmental Geochemistry, Aveiro, Portugal – Integrated Approaches for Volcanic Risk USA. For the last 50 years, Gordon confer- Contact: Amélia Paula Marinho Dias dos Reis ­Management, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, ences have presented cutting-edge research and Departamento de Geociências Universidade de Germany – Contact: Prof. Dr. Karl Stahr Emil- $ ...... provoked spirited discussion on the origins of Aveiro (UA) Campus de Santiago 3810-193 Wolff-Str. 27 Stuttgart Baden-Württemberg Ger- and exploration for mineral deposits. Held every Aveiro Portugal; Phone: [+351 234 370759]; many; Phone: (+49 (0) 711 459-23981); weblink: CHANGE OF ADDRESS FORM three to four years, it has served as one of the Email: [email protected]; weblink: http://9iseg. http://https://miavita2012.uni-hohenheim.de premier think-tank meetings in economic ge- web.ua.pt ology. More so than other meetings, Gordon *September 14–18 If you have changed (or will change in the near future) your address please fill in this form and send it to: conferences provide a unique opportunity for sci- August 5–10 International conference ‘Ore potential of alka- entists from academia, industry, and government, 34th International Geological Congress, Bris- line, kimberlite and carbonatite magmatism’. SGA Treasurer’s Office - c/o Sabine Lange as well as students, from all over the world to bane, Queensland, Australia. Contact: phone: School ‘Alkaline magmatism of the Earth’, meet and interact with recognized experts in an (+61 62499556); weblink: http://www.ga.gov. Sudak, Ukraine – Contact: http://alkaline.web. Rixenweg 2, D-24222 Schwentinental-OT Klausdorf informal environment to examine new data and au/igc2012 ru/2012/ GERMANY ideas and discuss future directions of research concerning ore deposits. Attendance is gener- *August 6–8 November 4–7 e-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] ally limited to 125-150 participants, providing Ocean Crust Processes and Consequences for 2012 Geological Society of America (GSA) An- Name ______an intimate setting. The 2012 Gordon Research Life, Bremen, Germany -Contact: http://www. nual Meeting, Charlotte, North Carolina, United Conference on the Geochemistry of Mineral De- darkenergybiosphere.org/RCN/meetings/2012. States – Contact: http://www.geosociety.org/ Old address ______posits continues this tradition. Sessions, which html meetings/2012/ will be held in the morning and evening, include: ______1. Frontiers in Economic Geology Research August 11–12 November 12–13 ______2. Metallogenic Provinces and Epochs: The Role ACROFI IV — Asian Current Research On Precious Metals ‘12, Cape Town, South Afriuca - of Upper Mantle/Lower Crust Inheritance Fluid Inclusions, Brisbane, Australia. The con- Contact: http://www.min-eng.com/preciousmet- ______3. Sediment Hosted Copper Systems: Focus on ference provides an international forum for ex- als12/index.html the African Copper Belt change of the latest research results and ideas Complete new address (including phone, fax and e-mail) ______4. Magmas, Fluids and Metals between geoscientists from academia, govern- *December 3-4 5. Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold-Systems ment and industry from Asian countries and GEOS 2012 — Annual International Conference ______6. Active Submarine and Subaerial Hydro­ other nations. It focuses on studies of fluid- and on Geological & Earth Sciences, Singapore, ______thermal Systems silicate-melt inclusions and their significance in Singapore – Contact: http://www.geoearth.org/ 7. Distal Expressions of Large Gold and Copper understanding mineralising processes – Contact: ______Systems http://acrofiiv.heroku.com/ December 10–14 8. Dynamics of Ore Systems AGU 2012 Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Califor- ______9. Rare Earth Element Systems *August 12–17 nia, United States. The Fall Meeting provides an ______In addition to attracting leaders and rising stars 75th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, opportunity for researchers, teachers, students, to present talks and lead discussions in the ses- Cairns, Queensland, Australia – Contact: http:// and consultants to present and review the latest ______sions listed above, we will be encouraging all at- shrimp.anu.edu.au:16080/metsoc2012/Welcome. issues affecting the Earth, the planets, and their tendees, especially students and junior scientists, html environments in space – Contact: AGU Meetings to participate by presenting their work in poster Department 2000 Florida Avenue, NW Wash- PRICES FOR ADVERTISING IN SGA NEWS format. Also, as a vehicle to encourage student *August 19–24 ington DC USA 20009; phone: (202-777-7333); engagement, the session leaders will convene Rock Deformation — Feedback Processes in Rock email: [email protected]; weblink: http:// informal afternoon meetings of mainly students, Deformation, Andover, NH, United States. Gordon www.agu.org/meetings/ 1 page 400 EUR who will be tasked to summarize the sessions Research Conferences – Contact: http://www.grc. 1/2 page 200 EUR and identify new avenues of research. They will org/programs.aspx?year=2012&program=rockdef then informally report to entire group prior to 2013 1/4 page 125 EUR the talks of that evening’s session. Much of the *August 20–24 1/8 page 70 EUR expected funding being raised will be earmarked Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, *June 5–9 Before sending your advertisement contact SGA News (see address on page 2). Advertisement should be specifically to assist students and junior scien- Waikoloa, Hawaii, United States – Contact: ECROFI — 22nd European Current Research sent as attached files via e-mail to SGA News (see page 2). Credit card payments are welcome. tists with their travel and registration expenses. http://www.agu.org/meetings/chapman/2012/ on Fluid Inclusions, Antalya, Turkey – Con- The planned program, including discussion lead- dcall/ tact: Dr.Gulcan BOZKAYA Cumhuriyet Uni- ers, speakers, and titles of talks is being con- versity Department of Geological Engineering >>> SGA CORPORATE MEMBERS are offered the special opportunity to advertise for free on SGA News for a space of 1/4 tinually updated online at http://www.grc.org/ TR-58140 Sivas/ TURKEY Dr.Nurullah Hanilci programs.aspx?year=2012&program=geochem. Istanbul University Department of Geological of a page!!! >>> 26 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 27 <<< Ophiolites and related ore and industrial minerals: field workshop, Turkey, 16–22 May 2012

Ibrahim Uysal Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon

The first “Ophiolites and Related Ore and meet its fantastic facilities. The workshop in NE Turkey and consist mainly of highly Industrial Minerals” workshop was held in has been sponsored by 10 different com- serpentinized harzburgite and limited dunite Trabzon, Turkey during May 16th to 22nd. panies: Koza Gold, TPAO, Pozitif Sondaj, and lherzolite. The chromitites have low to- It was honored by 6 invited speakers and Matel, Akmetal, Eti Bakır A.Ş., TürkMag, tal platinum group element (PGE) concen- about 70 scientists from fourteen different Vommak, Körfez Restaurant and Doğuş trations (up to 600 ppb). In the same region, countries that presented new data and up- Çay. They all deserve great thanks of the magnesite, with an estimated reserve of 8 dated knowledge on ophiolites mainly from local organizing committee. million tons, is also widely exposed within Turkey but also from other important ultra- The organization from the Karadeniz the ultramafic rocks consisting predomi- mafic complexes in the world such as Iran, Technical University, the Society for Geol- nantly of serpentinized harzburgite. Mag- Canada, Scotland, Portugal, Russia, Italy, ogy Applied to Mineral Deposits and In- nesites are exposed along NE-SW trending Austria, Japan and Dominican Republic. ternational Mineralogical Association was normal faults in the ultramafic rocks and After opening ceremony the meeting was highly appreciated by all participants. In occur either as sediment or infill of vein- started by introducing the Society for Geol- addition to a social trip to Batumi (Geor- type fractures. ogy Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA) in gia), two field trips were organized after 2- Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide de- a 30 min. presentation given by J. Pasava the 2 days of scientific sessions which was posit at Küre, Kastamonu (N Turkey): Pro- (SGA Executive Secretary). SGA was co- also an opportunity to view the astonishing duction of copper and pyrite concentrate organizer of this important international Turkish geology: at Eti Copper Kastamonu Küre facilities Ice-breaking party at the Karadeniz Technical University geoevent. 1- Chromite and magnesite deposits at are realized with an annual capacity of The meeting was a fruitful environment Aşkale, Erzurum (NE Turkey): Different 1.000.000 tons of ore, resulting in 90.000 for the discussion of ideas and future co- types of mostly Cr-rich chromitites, with tons copper concentrate and 400.000 tons operation projects, and also enabled friends more than 12 million tons of reserve, in- pyrite concentrate from the 3 open and 1 and colleagues that share a passion for ophi- cluding massive, disseminated and banded underground mines. olitic rocks to enjoy generous hospitality of textures are present in the Kop ophiolites the Karadeniz Technical University and to which extend from Erzincan to Erzurum

Kure VMS deposit, Kastamonu (north Turkey) Students from Karadeniz Technical University helping with organization (from left: B. Karakaya, M. Basalma, T. Aktemur, E. Aysert, A. Dogan) >>> 28 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 29 <<<

Ice-breaking party from the left: S. Chistyakova, E.V. Kislov, I. Uysal, F. Zaccarini, G. Garuti, J. Pašava, R. Latypov, A. Vymazalová, J. Relvas Participants of the workshop in front of the Congress centre in the University campus

Participants of the workshop having tea, sponsored by Doguscay Participants of the workshop in front of the Congress centre in the University campus >>> 30 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 31 <<<

R. Taylor, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia Gossans and Leached Cappings Field Assessment

▶ The only modern text on the subject ▶ A how to do with numerous field illustrations for exploration geologists - prospectors ▶ A senior undergraduate text ▶ Also a guide for lecture teaching

This text concentrates upon field observations concerning leached cappings and gossans, occurring as oxidised surface expressions of underlying ore zones.Although the advent of modern multielement geochemical sampling and easier mechanical excavation assist considerably in subsurface interpretation, there are still many occasions where the 1st Edition., 2012, XVIII, 146 p. 213 illus. in first observation and recognition are made by the lone field geologist. New exposures color. continue to be found in remote and often difficult terrains, where “on the spot” skills are of prime importance.In general terms the text has been arranged from the broad scale to the specific, and it should be realised that all scales provide valuable input for final Printed book interpretation. The topics covered include:• Theoretical perspectives• Initial recognition• General field observations• Detailed field observations (secondary minerals, boxworks)• Hardcover Porphyry copper leached cappings ▶ 99,95 € | £90.00 | $129.00 ▶ * 106,95 € (D) | 109,95 € (A) | SFr. 143.50 The audience during the workshop eBook Available from libraries offering Springer’s eBook Collection, or for individual purchase via online bookstores. A free preview is available on SpringerLink. ▶ springer.com/ebooks

MyCopy Printed eBook exclusively available to patrons whose library offers Springer’s eBook Collection.*** ▶ € | $ 24.95 ▶ springer.com/mycopy

Order online at springer.com ▶ or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER ▶ or email us at: orders- [email protected]. ▶ For outside the Americas call +49 (0) 6221-345-4301 ▶ or email us at: [email protected]. The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with * inlude VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with ** include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted.

*** Regional restrictions apply.

Magnesite outcrops at Askale, Erzurum (north-east Turkey) >>> 32 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 33 <<<

Business Card Staple HERE SGA, the Geological Survey of Sweden and the Nordic mining industry invite you to the th SGA 12 SGA Biennial Meeting Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (www.e-sga.org) Uppsala, Sweden 12–15 August 2013 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM

I would like to become a member of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits and to receive my personal copy of Mineralium Deposita. Membership fees will be due after acceptance of the membership application by the SGA Council. - Type or Print - Mineral deposit research for a high-tech world Name

First name Provisional session themes 1st circular Title • Methods and advances in mineral deposit studies. Mailing address • Ore forming processes and major deposit types. • Iron oxide deposits. • Fennoscandian mineral deposits. • High-tech elements – deposits and processes. • Industrial minerals. • Society, mining and sustainability. Phone • Open session. Fax Field trips – preliminary list e-mail • VMS deposits in the Skellefte district. Academic degrees • IOCG and spatially related deposits in Fennoscandia. • Orogenic gold deposits in Fennoscandia. Select your Membership Dues • Base metal deposits and iron ores of the 75.00 EUR Regular Member (Print+Internet Mineralium Deposita and SGA News) Bergslagen province. 60.00 EUR Regular Member (Internet only Mineralium Deposita and SGA News) • Ni-PGE deposits in Finland and Russia. • Classic rare-metal pegmatite deposits. 10.00 EUR Student Member (Internet only Mineralium Deposita and SGA News, certificate required) • Titanium-mineral deposits in southwest 60.00 EUR Student Member (Print+Internet Mineralium Deposita and SGA News, certificate required) Fennoscandia. 60.00 EUR Senior Member (Print+Internet Mineralium Deposita and SGA News, after retirement - certificate required) • Metallogeny of the Oslo Rift and neighbouring 300.00 EUR Corporate Member (includes 3 copies of Mineralium Deposita) (for industry only, no academic) shield areas. Check only one of the two boxes below • Metallogeny of the Repparfjord Window. • Greenland. I want to receive Mineralium Deposita and membership privileges for the current calendar year including back issues • Alkaline deposits of the Kola peninsula. I want to receive Mineralium Deposita and membership privileges for the next calendar year Preliminary workshops and short courses If my application is approved by the SGA Council, I authorize the "Society for Geology Applied to Mineral • 3D/4D modelling. Deposits" to charge the above amount (please tick) to my credit card: • Geochemical modelling of ore deposits. VISA MASTERCARD/EUROCARD AMERICAN EXPRESS • Orogenic gold – with emphasis on exploration. Card No: ______Expiry date (MM/YY): ______

Signature . ______Place and date ______Interested in offering short courses or workshops? (if you do not intend to pay by credit card, an invoice will be issued after acceptance of your application) Contact the organizing committee: Sponsor (SGA member): www.akademikonferens.uu.se/sga2013 e-mail: [email protected] Name Place Date Signature

1. ______Important dates! Send the Membership Application Form to: Second circular and call for papers October 19th, 2012 th Dr. Jan Pasava Registration opens October 19 , 2012 th SGA Executive Secretary Phone: ++(420)-2-51085506 Early registration closes April 12 , 2013 Open submission of papers December 14th, 2012 Czech Geological Survey Fax: ++(420)-2-51818748 Paper submission deadline February 4th, 2013 Klárov 131/3 E-mail: [email protected] CZ-118 21 Praha 1 CZECH REPUBLIC >>> 34 SGA News Number 31 June 2012 Number 31 June 2012 SGA News 35 <<<

J. Götze, Institute of Mineralogy, Freiberg, Germany; R. Möckel, Institute of Mineralogy, N. Arndt, University of Grenoble, France; C. Ganino, University of Nice, France Freiberg, Germany (Eds.) Metals and Society Quartz: Deposits, Mineralogy and Analytics An Introduction to Economic Geology First state of the art compilation about quartz and quartz raw ▶ ▶ Contains numerous case studies and worked examples materials ▶ First introductory book which deals extensively with the economic ▶ Covers the whole field from quartz deposits via mineralogical and social issues of mineral exploitation properties to industrial application of SiO2 ▶ Numerous colour figures ▶ Presentation of sophisticated analytical methods of quartz and SiO2 analysis

The book will include contributions of the state of the art of quartz raw materials (deposits and properties) and their analytics. The chapters are presented by leading scientists in the quartz field. The presentations cover the main interrelations between genesis of quartz - formation of specific properties - 2012, 2012, XV, 360 p. 130 illus., 56 in color. analytics - industrial applications of SiO2 raw materials. 2012, 2012, XIII, 160 p. 61 illus., 40 in color.

Printed book Printed book Hardcover Hardcover ▶ 129,95 € | £117.00 | $179.00 ▶ 59,95 € | £53.99 | $89.95 ▶ *139,05 € (D) | 142,94 € (A) | CHF 173.00 ▶ *64,15 € (D) | 65,95 € (A) | CHF 80.00

eBook eBook Available from libraries offering Available from libraries offering Springer’s eBook Collection, or Springer’s eBook Collection, or for individual purchase via online for individual purchase via online bookstores. bookstores. A free preview is available on A free preview is available on SpringerLink. SpringerLink. ▶ springer.com/ebooks ▶ springer.com/ebooks

MyCopy MyCopy Printed eBook exclusively Printed eBook exclusively available to patrons whose available to patrons whose library offers Springer’s eBook library offers Springer’s eBook Collection.*** Collection.*** ▶ € | $ 24.95 ▶ € | $ 24.95 ▶ springer.com/mycopy ▶ springer.com/mycopy

Order online at springer.com ▶ or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER ▶ or email us at: orders- Order online at springer.com ▶ or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER ▶ or email us at: orders- [email protected]. ▶ For outside the Americas call +49 (0) 6221-345-4301 ▶ or email us at: [email protected]. [email protected]. ▶ For outside the Americas call +49 (0) 6221-345-4301 ▶ or email us at: [email protected]. The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with * include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with * include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with ** include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with ** include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted.

*** Regional restrictions apply. *** Regional restrictions apply. >>> 36 SGA News Number 31 June 2012

50th SGA Anniversary meeting Welcome back to the roots of SGA

13th SGA Biennial Meeting

Nancy, France, August 24‐27, 2015 Mineral Resources in a Sustainable World

Photo : V. Huault sga‐2015@univ‐lorraine.fr