SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 44
ZOOLOGY AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Mkrtchyan G.V. Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Genetics and Divorces of Animal Names V.F. Krasoty, FGBO in the The Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, Russian Federation
EXTERIOR AND CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIVING WEIGHT IN DOGS OF DECORATIVE BREEDS
Abstract. The creation of dogs of the desired type is possible only when taking into account the patterns of individual development, as well as factors that influence the rearing of puppies. Ontogeny is a set of quantitative and qualitative changes that occur after fertilization of the egg and the formation of a zygote, throughout the life of an individual in accordance with the genotype inherited by it and the reaction rate. The individual development of a dog can be defined otherwise than as a set of age-related, morphological, biochemical and physiological changes that take place in the body throughout life. In ontogeny, the organism undergoes changes in growth and development. Every organism reaches maturity after a more or less long period of growth and development, the first of these terms means only an increase in size, while the term development means a change in structure. Both of these processes are interconnected. Constitution and exterior are important indicators of economically useful qualities of dogs. The constitutional characteristics of organisms are formed in the process of ontogenesis under the influence of the hereditary inclinations of the parents. An important factor in the formation of the constitution together with heredity are environmental conditions, especially feeding. Keywords: exterior, breed, constitution, live weight, measurements, indices.
Five dog breeds were selected for the study: Chihuahua, Miniature Poodle, Pug, Pekingese and Chinese Crested. All dogs used in the study were bitches, all newborns at the start of the experiment. Changes in body weight indices were determined in each of the animals once a month during the period of their growth for 18 months. During the experiment, the dogs were kept in a closed kennel "GENTLY BORN", located at the address Russia, Moscow region, Dolgoprudny, which is included in the rating of the RKF-Top kennels of Russia according to the 565
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN XXI CENTURY results of show results. The kennel has been breeding poodles since 1986. Colors: black, white, brown, gray, apricot, red, exclusive white and black harlequin and black and tan phantom. Producers are health tested from the leading nurseries in America, Europe and our own breeding. Dogs born in the kennel have a wonderful character, excellent psyche and temperament, a wonderful exterior, as evidenced by their show victories and titles. To confirm the health of animals during their growth, clinical and biological studies were carried out. The keeping of the dogs fully complied with the standards for keeping animals. The color of the dogs differed in color. The experimental animals had black, white, brown, gray, red, and apricot hair. In addition, there were dogs in the kennel with a rare color - white-black and black- and-tan.
60
50 47,8
44,4 42,4
40 39,4
35,2
35
34,6
34
33,8 33,8
31,2 31,2
30 28,4
30 26,4
25,8
23
22,2
20,8
18,2 18
20 16,4
16 16 16
15,8
15,6
15,4
15
14,6
13,8
12,2
12,1
12
11,4
11
10,6
10,4 10,4
10,3
10
9,2
8,9
8,8
8,4
8,2
7,5
7,2
7,1
7
6,8 6,7
10 6,6
6 6
5,8
4,5
2,8
2,4 2,2 0
Чихуахуа Пудель карликового типа Китайская хохлатая собака Пекинес Мопс
Fig. 1. Comparative analysis of measurements of dogs of the Chihuahua breed, dwarf poodle, Chinese crested dog, Pekingese and pug
On the basis of Figure 1, it can be seen that the Chinese Crested dogs 35.2 cm had the highest values in height at the withers, and they also exceeded the dogs of the considered group in the length of the forelimbs of 18.2 cm. shoulder blades 47.8 cm and chest width 16.4 cm. Dogs of the Miniature Poodle breed had a height at the 566
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 44 withers of 35 cm, which corresponds to the standard for this breed. Chihuahua dogs have the smallest measurements in comparison with the pygmy poodle, Chinese crested and Pekingese, but surpass the pug breed in rump height by 4.8 cm.
9000 8425 8000
7000 5858,6
6000 5714,4 4785,2
5000 4757,6
3903
3836 3830
4000 3615,8
3545
3393
3188,4
2775 2748
3000 2686,6
2443,2
2316,2
2072,8
2062
1998 1819,2
2000 1590
1525,6
1325,6
1156,6
1146,8
1085,8
977,8
975,4
804,8
737,2 629,4
1000 575,8
542,2
529,8
326,2
318,2
227,8
174,8 98,2 0 При 1 месяц 2 месяца 3 месяца 4 месяца 5 месяцев 6 месяцев 18 месяцев рождении
Чихуахуа Пудель карликового типа Китайская хохлатая собака Пекинес Мопс
Fig. 2. Comparative analysis of the live weight of Chihuahua, dwarf poodle, Chinese crested dog, Pekingese and pug.
According to the result of the analysis of Figure 2, we determined that the highest indicators in live weight had dogs of the pug breed, which were superior to the dogs of the studied group for all months, except for 2 and 3 months, its approximate absolute increase was from 300-950 g per sous. Dwarf-type poodle dogs up to 3-4 months had the highest live weight, during these periods their absolute growth ranged from 30-40 g per day. The Chinese Crested Dog and the Pekingese had almost equal live weight, but the weight of the Pekingese, starting from 5-6 months, began to significantly exceed the live weight of the Chinese Crested, and by 18 months the weight of the Pekingese was almost 1 kg more than the Chinese Crested. The Chihuahua's live weight is the lowest, by month 18, its weight was 1.5 kg, and the absolute increase in recent months was 264.4 g. 567
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN XXI CENTURY
200
180 184,4 151
160 150,2
134,6 126,6
140 125,8
119,2
116,4
115,2
112,2 111,4
120 108,2 90
100 88,2
80,2
71,6 70,2
80 66,8
64,2
60,8
54,2
51,8
51,6
51,4 49
60 48,6
43
42,2
36,6
33,2 33
40 31,2
22,4
20 19,8 20 0
Чихуахуа Пудель карликового типа Китайская хохлатая собака Пекинес Мопс
Fig. 3. Comparative analysis of the indices of Chihuahua, dwarf poodle, Chinese crested dog, Pekingese and pug
Examining Figure 3, we can see that almost all Pekingese dog indices exceed those of Chihuahua, Miniature Poodle, Chinese Crested and Pug, with the exception of the long-headedness index. The dwarf-type poodle has the highest long- headedness index; it exceeds the indicators of other dog breeds by about 10-13%. The indices of the Chinese crested and the dwarf poodle are approximately equal, but the broadbone index of the Chinese crested is less by 21%. Judging by Figure 3, the pug has the smallest format index, and the pug breed has the average indicators among all the studied breeds. Conclusion: We have established general patterns of growth in dogs of different breeds, i.e. adaptation, continuity, rhythm. All puppies develop in accordance with breed characteristics. In a comparative analysis of the growth characteristics of dogs of different breeds, it was found that the live weight at birth in dogs met the standards for the breed. The absolute gain was uniform, reaching the maximum weight gain by 18 months. In pug dogs, live weight increased by almost 8 kg over 18 months, the absolute weight gain was 300-950 g per month. The smallest growth rates were in Chihuahua dogs, the live weight of which, by 18 months was 1590 g, the absolute weight gain for 18 months was 1.5 kg. According 568
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 44 to the data of the body build indices, the miniature poodle and the Chinese crested dog showed slight fluctuations in values, only the pygmy poodle had higher indices for the broad-brow index. According to the data obtained from the measurements of the dogs, all the dogs met the standards for their breed.
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