16772 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE NATIONAL PEACE ACADEMY the future that we could provide today Christopher J. Dodd of . STRONGLY ENDORSED BY would be to prove our determination to David Durenberger of Minnesota. LEADERSHIP GROUPS ACROSS strengthen our knowledge of peace and our Thomas F. Eagleton of Missouri. AMERICA ability to maintain it ... through establish­ J . James Exon of Nebraska. ment of the Academy of Wendell H. Ford of Kentucky. Peace."-Milton C. Mapes, Jr., Miami John Glenn of Ohio. HON. Herald Newspaper, December 31, 1983. Gary Hart of . OF WEST VIRGINIA "Many good ideas, like seeds with tough Mark Hatfield of Oregon. shells, must be hardy in order to survive H. John Heinz, III of Pennsylvania. IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE until conditions are right for it to take root Ernest F . Hollings of South Carolina. Friday, June 15, 1984 and grow. I believe that the concept of a Walter D. Huddleston of Kentucky. U.S. Peace Academy is such an idea. I sup­ Daniel K . Inouye of Hawaii. e Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, the port the proposed legislation."-Dr. Guthrie Roger W. Jepsen of Iowa. U.S. Academy of Peace bill, S. 564, S. Birkhead, Dean. Maxwell School of Citi­ J. Bennet Johnston, Jr. of Lousiana. awaiting action in the U.S. Senate, is zenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse Uni­ Nancy L. Kassebaum of Kansas. strongly endorsed by more than 60 versity. Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts. leadership organizations, 14 State leg­ "We must match our growing physical Frank R. Lautenberg of New Jersey. islatures, and numerous newspaper power with spiritual and moral power. We Patrick J. Leahy of Vermont. editors all across America. must wage peace as energetically and as Carl Levin of Michigan. I have excerpted endorsements from imaginatively as this nation has waged its Russell B. Long of Louisiana. several of those organizations, and wars. Peace involves the skillful manage­ Charles Mee. Mathias, Jr. of . ment of conflict. This skill has to be learned Spark M. Matsunaga of Hawaii. quote as follows: and organized."-Editorial. Desert News. John J. Melcher of Montana. "The Academy should be a tremendous Salt Lake City, Utah, December 24, 1982. Howard Metzenbaum of Ohio. boon to education and training in interna­ " If this country can pump millions into, George J. Mitchell of Maine. tional affairs. I look forward to my own say, an M-1 tank, which even the Army ac­ Daniel Patrick Moynihan of . Center's collaboration with the Academy."­ knowledges does not work, surely it can Frank T. Murkowski of Arkansas. David M. Abshire, Chairman, The Center afford an academy dedicated to peace in the Claiborne Pell of Rhode Island. for Strategic and International Studies, world."-The Asheville Citizen, Asheville, Larry Pressler of South Dakota. Georgetown University, May 12, 1982. NC, April 14, 1982. David Pryor of Arizona. "We believe the bill to establish the U.S. "A national Peace Academy obviously will Jennings Randolph of West Virginia. Academy of Peace could constitute a genu­ not bring peace in a world plagued by inces­ Donald W. Riegel, Jr. of Michigan. ine national resource and serve as a focal sant conflict. What it will do is provide a William V. Roth of Delaware. point to advance this nation's commitment focus for increasingly sophisticated studies Paul S. Sarbanes of Maryland. to peace."-Charles B. Saunders, Jr., VP for in conflict resolution. Congress should move Jim Sasser of Tennessee. Govt. Relations, American Council on Edu­ to final passage next year.-The Baltimore Alan K. Simpson of Wyoming. cation on behalf of 7 Associations for Public Sun, Sept. 19, 1982. Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania. and Private Higher Education, May 11, " If we can afford $1.5 trillion to build a Robert T. Stafford of Vermont. 1983. . - machine to make war, we can afford $60 John C. Stennis of Mississippi. "Its an idea whose time has come from million 1 to establish a National Academy to Paul E. Tsongas of Massachusetts. sheer necessity. War has become unthink­ make peace ... it needs President Reagan's • negotiators who can protect national inter­ "We do not have the luxury of waiting. ests without resort to military force."-Jack We must realize that continuing wars of Anderson Column, Washington Post, greater devastation will be in a sense, a part Wednesday, Oct. 5, 1983. of our collective failure if we fail now to THE BULGARIAN CONNECTION "Some, of course: will protest that the pass this legislation."-Senator Jennings idea of a national peace academy is a Randolph, Huntington Herald-Dis­ HON. HENRY J. HYDE dreamy, utopian scheme. But what better patch, April 19, 1984. way could there possibly be of demonstrat­ OF ILLINOIS ing to the world that we in this country are Mr. President, the measure about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the "peace-loving" people we claim to be?" - which I speak, S. 564, has been report­ Huntington Herald-Dispatch, Sunday, ed by the Committee on Labor and Thursday, June 14, 1984 April 19, 1984. Human Resources, with 55 cosponsors • Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, in last "Peacemaking is an instrument of power, on the legislation. Those sponsors, in Sunday's edition of the New York because it puts the United States on the Times, Claire Sterling reveals excerpts side of the highest aspirations of mankind, alphabetical order, are as follows: and not just the pursuit of its own self-in­ 55 SENATE COSPONSORS OF S. 564, JUNE 1984 from a secret 78 page report by Italian terest."-Hon. Harold Saunders, Former As· Mark Andrews of North Dakota. State Prosecutor Antonio Alabano sistant Secretary of State. Max Baucus of Montana. that links the Bulgarian secret service "Our times demand the kind of creative Joseph R. Biden, Jr. of Delaware. to the plot to kill the Pope. Sterling, response to the questions of war or peace Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico. an American author and foreign corre­ that the Peace Academy proposal provides. Rudy Boschwitz of Minnesota. spondent, has been investigating the In fact, never has there been a time when Bill Bradley of New Jersey. attempted assassination of the Pope we have needed to be more earnest in-and Dale Bumpers of Arizona. for some time and is considered one of inject more urgency in-our efforts to Quentin N. Burdick of North Dakota. achieve lasting peace."-Ray Denison, Di· Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia. the foremost authorities on terrorism. rector, Dept. of Legislation-AFL-CIO. John Chafee of Rhode Island. The disclosures in Sterling's story "Peace deserves a chance. So does a na­ Lawton Chiles of Florida. also raise questions as to whether the tional academy devoted to studying the art Thad Cochran of Mississippi. Soviet Union may have been involved and science of making the world safer."­ Alan Cranston of . in the conspiracy to assassinate the Editorial, Concord Monitor, "Time to Wage John C. Danforth of Missouri. Pope. It is generally acknowledged Peace" Thursday, Feb. 9, 1984. Dennis DeConcini of Arizona. that Bulgaria has an especially close "The United States has always been a relationship with the U.S.S.R., and country whose visions of the possible have 1 The $60 million figure refers to the Study Com· inspired the world. The most dynamic dem­ mission's recommended spending for a 4-year clears everything it does with its onstration of world leadership and faith in period. Soviet mentors. The pervasive nature

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. June 15, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16773 of this relationship was spelled out by We still do not know whether Tolubeev largely successful in preventing diversion of Paul Henze in recent testimony before may have departed from Sofia last year in Turkish-grown products into illegal chan­ some form of mild disgrace-for the Bulgari­ nels. Turkish mafia leaders had meanwhile the House Foreign Affairs Commit­ an connection to the plot to kill Pope John steadily expanded their operations, were tee's Task Force on International Nar­ Paul II had been exposed only a few months permitted to make high profits by the Bul­ cotics Control. before. at the end of 1982. Earlier the same garians, and had connections with smug­ According to Henze, a former staff year extensive Bulgarian connections with gling interests in the countries to the south member of the National Security the Italian Red Brigades and Cypriots, Iranians, Pakistanis. The Bulgar­ and specialist on international terror­ with arms and narcotics smuggling in Italy ians took this whole shady underworld ism, "nothing Bulgaria does can be re­ as well as penetration of the Italian labor under their protection, offered transit facili­ garded separately from the larger movement through Luigi Scricciolo, had ties, warehouses, support for forming been exposed. These cases are still being in­ dummy commercial enterprises with legal framework of pernicious and destruc­ vestigated and evidence of Bulgarian entan­ seats in Germany, and many other tive Soviet operations directed against glements is expanding steadily. 2 Chances countries. Narcotics supplies were drawn the free world. They range from prop­ are that Tolubeev was simply extricated from as far away as the "Golden Triangle". aganda and disinformation to support from a situation that had grown uncomfort­ Fugitives from justice in their own country, of terrorism and assassination. These able and that he is now working at new sub­ these Turkish mafia figures were permitted are also part of an interlocking web versive tasks. Moscow's "old boys" look out to buy villas in Bulgaria and were given for which basic responsibility lies in for each other. Tolubeev came up through passports and eased through Bulgarian Moscow." the same communist party /KGB channels border and customs controls. Their sea­ as present KGB head, Viktor Chebrikov, re­ going vessels enjoyed Bulgarian naval es­ Mr. Speaker, I believe the full text cently promoted to Marshall of the Soviet corts. of Mr. Henze's enlightening testimony Union, and was made a Central Committee Moscow encouraged the flow of drugs into merits the attention of all Members, member at the same time as Chebrikov and Europe and America to undermine Western and I, therefore, insert it in the Geidar Aliev, Andropov's Azerbaijani society. It also supported the traffic for the RECORD at this point. deputy, in 1971. more mundane and direct purpose of getting Bulgarian aiding and abetting of narcotics the money to support political subversion, BULGARIA AND NARCOTICS-AN INTERLOCKING destabilization and terrorist operations in WEB OF SUBVERSION trafficking can be traced back to the early 1960s. The import-export firm KINTEX, countries such as Turkey and Italy. Bulgar­ successful. No commodity that can be smug­ all these activities would already fill books, Bulgaria's support for narcotics oper­ gled has been neglected by KINTEX, but its and we are learning more all the time. As an ations cannot be separated from all the prime growth lines have been weapons and example of smuggling techniques let us con­ other forms of international illegality in narcotics. No one has ever examined Kin­ sider the case of the Cypriot-flag vessel Vas­ which Bulgaria has long been involved. tex's books, but what we now know about soula. It left the Bulgarian port of Burgaz They form a continuous, interlocking web. this extraordinary communist state enter­ in June 1977 allegedly bound for Cyprus And nothing Bulgaria does can be regarded prise justifies the guess that it may make a with a KINTEX shipment billed as "spare separately from the larger framework of fairly steady profit-and thus lessen the parts". Turkish officials got a tip that the pernicious and destructive Soviet operations cost to Sofia and Moscow of the subversion vessel was actually going to transship her directed against the Free World. They range that has expanded steadily for the past 20 cargo in Turkish waters to small coastal ves­ from propaganda and disinformation to sup­ years. sels, so they stopped the Vassoula and port of terrorism and assassination. These opened its hold. The "spare parts" turned Destabilization of Turkey became a major out to consist of 55 crates containing 495 are also part of an interlocking web for Soviet objective in the late 1960s. This-and which basic responsibility lies in Moscow. 1 portable rocket launchers, 21 crates with 55 several other similar programs, such as sup­ rockets, 1,667 crates of ammunition and 60 Bulgaria occupies a special place in this port of the PLO and expansion of terrorist elaborate Soviet network. This is because, gas bombs. In the ensuing legal tangle, the operations in many other areas-coincided Bulgarian government disclaimed knowl­ like Cuba, it has leaders who take pride in with the advent of Yuri Andropov as head serving Soviet purposes in whatever field edge of the shipment and the Ethiopian of the KGB in 1967. Italy was another government eventually alleged it owned the they are instructed or encouraged to oper­ major target for destabilization. But while ate. There is no aspect of Soviet-sponsored cargo. It was confiscated by Turkey. Bulgaria played a key role in respect to After the military leadership of Turkey subversion in which the communist govern­ Turkey from the beginning, Italy seems to ment of Bulgaria has not taken part-and took control on September 12, 1980 to keep have been initially left to other East Euro­ the country from falling into total anarchy, continues to take part. The process began pean countries, such as Czechoslovakia and early, with Bulgarian support for the brutal, more than 800,000 weapons were collected, Hungary. These apparently proved less pro­ along with millions of rounds of ammuni­ communist-directed Greek civil war in the ficient than Bulgaria, for it moved into the late 1940s. Bulgaria sent arms to Algeria in tion, mines, bombs and other kinds of de­ front line in Italy at the end of the 1970s. structive devices and communications gear. the 1950s to Vietnam in the 1960s and to For a long time what Bulgaria was doing in many parts of Africa and the Middle East in A major portion of this material came to Italy went largely undetected, or ignored, Turkey as a result of Bulgarian and Syrian the 1960s and 1970s. It has been playing the even by the Italian security services. The role of junior partner to Cuba in sending smuggling operations. An important chan­ whole series of Bulgarian connections began nel, in addition to sea shipments, was the arms and advisors to Central America in to unravel only in 1981, after the assassina­ recent years. enormous fleet of international transport tion attempt on the Polish Pope. trucks with which Bulgaria carries out a The relationship which the Soviet Union Bulgaria started early to offer protection shipping business from Europe to the coun­ has with Bulgaria resembles that between to Turkish drug smugglers. With Bulgarian tries of the Middle East and South Asia. In Moscow and a constituent republic of the help, what came to be called the "Turki~h addition to transporting legitimate goods USSR. The history of one of the key per­ mafia" set up elaborate networks, lodged m profitably, these trucks have been used for sonalities in this relationship, Nikita Pavlo­ part among Turkish workers in Europe, for arms, terrorists, narcotics and narcotics vich Tolubeev, dramatizes these interlock­ moving opium products westward. At first traffickers. Frequent inspections and tight­ ing connections. Tolubeev left Sofia in June these Turkish operators drew their supplies ened Turkish security procedures since 1980 1983 where he had served as Soviet ambas­ from Turkey itself, but the Turkish govern­ have dented these Bulgarian operations se­ sador for four years. He had come to Sofia ment banned poppy growing in 1971 and, verely, but they have not stopped. Narcotics in 1979 from Havana, where he had been when it permitted resumption of it in 1975, which used to move by truck now goes by Soviet ambassador since 1970. We know instituted tight controls which have been sea from the eastern Mediterranean what a productive period the 1970s were in through Cyprus and Greece to Italy and Soviet-Cuban relations. •All of these topics are dealt with at some length elsewhere in Europe. 3 in my recently published book. "The Plot to Kill • I characterized this relationship in a letter to the Pope," New York , 1983 and in a par­ 3 A recent Reader's Digest report sums up strik­ the Wall Street Journal, "Soviets are the Mafia of allel study by Claire Sterling, The Time of the As­ ing evidence of Bulgaria's operations, "Drugs for Terrorism", 1June1983. sassins, New York . 1984. Guns" by Nathan Adams, January 1984. 16774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1984 Bulgaria has long, and correctly, been re­ taken lightly at the time he originally made In Turkey, continuing investigation ofter­ garded as Moscow's most loyal satellite. them, even by many intelligence profession­ rorist groups who received arms and funds Does this mean that Bulgarians are all als. In light of what we have learned since, through Bulgarian channels. simply more Russian than the Russians and it is clear that they should have been given In Turkey, from the currently ongoing 150% communists? Hardly. Bulgaria never greater weight. He has provided eloquent trial of Abuzer Ugurlu, a leading mafia had a chance to be otherwise. Soviet control testimony of the extent to which the Bul­ figure extradited from Germany in March was clamped down on it in September 1944. garian security services have been subordi­ 1981, who stands charged of massive smug­ Though Bulgaria never declared war on the nated to Soviet purposes. For all practical gling operations, including narcotics, as well USSR during WWII, it got rougher treat­ purposes they have to be regarded as mere as serving as a channel for organizing the ment than any other East European coun­ sub-sections of the KGB. first phase of the activities of Mehmet Ail try. The Bulgarian authorities have been tire­ Agca. less in pleading their innocence and lack of What is to be done? The United States Nothing remotely resembling free elec­ broke relations with Bulgaria in 1950 on tions was ever permitted in Bulgaria in spite knowledge of what goes on in their country. How could they, they maintain, keep track grounds that were serious-but for Bulgari­ of Soviet promises to the Wes tern Allies. of the activities of a million Turks who cross an actions that were much less damaging to Thousands of Bulgarian democrats were ex­ their country every year traveling to and the basic interests of this country and its ecuted or herded into concentration camps. from Western Europe? They have tried to allies than those which have been exposed The human rights situation in Bulgaria has use the same kind of argumentation to in the past several years. Shouldn't such consistently remained one of the most de­ claim that they were not involved with action again be considered? The Bulgarians plorable in the entire communist bloc. Nev­ Mehmet Ali Agca, would-be assassin of Pope have neither acknowledged nor apologized ertheless the Kremlin's control of Bulgaria John Paul II. The most elementary exami­ for any of their actions which have been ex­ was not consolidated to its satisfaction until nation of how Bulgaria actually works gives posed since 1981. Instead they have heaped 1954, when Todor Zhivkov came to power. the lie to this facile sophistry. Another Bul­ vilification both on the United States as a In 1962, he declared: . . . our political garian security defector, who has been nation, Americans as a people and on indi­ watch-dial is exact to the second with the living in Switzerland for many years, de­ vidual Americans who have examined and watch of the Soviet Union.... Our watch scribes Bulgarian internal security proce­ exposed their activities. Their embassy in is working on Moscow time. dures: Bulgaria is situated at a crossroads Washington utilizes the U.S. mails to dis­ Zhivkov has kept Bulgaria strictly on ... so agents can pass through unnoticed. I tribute scurrilous propaganda and fabrica­ Moscow time ever since. When Bulgarians mean to the eyes of Western intelligence tions. have protested his subservience, they have services. For on Bulgarian territory itself, I can recall from my own government been imprisoned and often shot. Opponents nothing, absolutely nothing, can escape the service that Bulgaria and its activities-fore­ of the regime who have escaped abroad notice of the state security organization. most among them its support of narcotics have been kidnapped, sought out for har­ There is an enormous surveillance appara­ trafficking-were seldom seriously studied rassment and some have been liquidated by tus in place which checks on people who by intelligence agencies-certainly not on a ingenious technical means such as the transit in only a few hours. Two foreigners sustained and continuing basis or with any cannot have a meeting in a hotel in the cap­ depth or intensity-and almost no attention poison-pellet umbrella used against defec­ was given by our diplomatic officials to tors Kostov and Markov in 1977. Markov ital or even in the street without the special services being informed. 7 planning ways by which pressures might be was even warned quite specifically of the generated on the Bulgarian communist fate that awaited him, according to revela­ What we know justifies the conclusion that Bulgaria has deliberately encouraged regime that would force it to pay a price for tions in a recent book by his wife: ... a Bul­ its atrocious behavior and utter subservi­ garian delivered the warnings who professed and facilitated narcotics traffic and arms and other forms of smuggling for subversive ence to Kremlin purposes. to be a friend ... The decision to kill had It is true of course that we do not want to been taken by the Bulgarian Politburo, he purposes as a matter of state policy and that such actions could not conceivably be punish the Bulgarian people en masse for said; and the means by which the murder undertaken by Bulgarian officials without the criminal behavior of "their" leadership, would be effected had already been trans­ the authorization of the highest levels of for the leadership has been forced upon ported to the West. Georgi would be poi­ the Bulgarian government. Furthermore, them. There has been no freedom of politi­ soned with a rare substance which would be everything we know of the manner in which cal choice in Bulgaria for 40 years. But we undetectable . and he would develop a Union, and examination of 40 years of histo­ rigorously, whether we are really serving high fever before his death, which would be ry of the Soviet-Bulgarian relationship, per­ the interests of the Bulgarian people by put down to natural causes. Everything the mits no conclusion other than that Bulgaria conducting relations with a regime which, in Bulgarian said . . . led Georgi to believe has been acting with the full endorsement their name, has sustained a continuing pat­ that his enemies would attempt to adminis­ and approval-and in effect at the urging­ tern of subversion against free countries ter the poison orally, and this may have of the leadership of the Soviet Union. and corruption of Wes tern societies.e been intentional. 4 We are inevitably going to learn a good Careful research by Scotland Yard identi­ deal more-so everything we already know, fied the poison, contained in a minuscule or can deduce, will be further substantiated. IT IS TIME FOR THE BUDGET pellet shot from an umbrella tip, as ricin, a The following are some of the activities in CONFERENCE TO MEET castor oil plant derivative on which, among process: other places, research is still known to be In Italy, continuing investigation of the. HON.THOMASJ.DOWNEY massive arms and smuggling ring centered continuing in Hungary. s In this connec­ OF NEW YORK tion-and perhaps in others not yet detect­ in Trento, in which not only at least a dozen ed-we see another facet of the narcotics Bulgarian agents have been implicated, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES business exploited for subversive and de­ several dozen others, Italians, Middle East­ Thursday, June 14, 1984 structive political purposes by Bulgaria­ erners, other Europeans. The operations of this group extended into Iran, the whole e Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. and behind it, the Soviet Union. Speaker, there is no issue of more im­ Stefan Sverdlev, a in the Bulgari­ Arab World and Africa, as well as the Bal­ an State Security Service at the time kans and Turkey. mediate concern to the economic well­ of his defection to Greece in 1971, traced In Italy, the investigation of the Scricciolo being of the Nation than cutting the the Bulgarian regime's current narcotics op­ case, which has implications for the plot to Federal deficit. Unless the deficit is re­ kill the Pope, Red Brigades relationships duced, interest rates will continue to erations back to a KDS directive issued on and Bulgarian/Soviet subverson directed at 16 July 1970, No. M-120/00-0500, which he Poland-specifically Lech Walesa and Soli­ rise and the chances for an economic said represented the final stage of imple­ darity. recovery will be jeopardized. But our mentation of deci5ions taken in Moscow in The investigation of the plot to kill the efforts to reduce the deficit by $182 1967. 6 Many of Sverdlev's revelations were Pope, in which the Bulgarian connection is billion over the next 3 years are being already well established-which, centered in obstructed by the other body's unwill­ • Annabel Markov in the Prologue to "The Truth Italy, has already revealed links to Germa­ ingness to confer on the budget. That Killed." by Georgl Markov. London . 1983, p. xii. as Turkey. resolution if we do not sit down with s Kyril Panoff, ··Murder on Waterloo Bridge", En­ counter, November 1979. our friends in the other body and com­ •Cited !rom Adams, "Drugs for Guns," p . 137. 1 Cited in Le Quotidien . 24 January 1983. plete the work of passing a budget. June 15, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16775 Right now there are critical differ­ ther inferred by section 131(g) of title and an outstanding humanitarian ded­ ences between the House budget and 23, , which states, icated to community service. I take the budget passed in the other body. "no sign, display, or device shall be re­ this moment to share with my col­ Our budget contains $82 billion more quired to be removed under this sec­ leagues one of her many inspiring in deficit reduction than the Presi­ tion if the Federal share of the just achievements. dent's budget and $42 billion more compensation to be paid upon the re­ A devoted member and officer of than the other body's budget. The moval of such sign, display, or device is Pilot Club and Pilot International for House proposes to spend $13.3 billion not available to make such payment." over 30 years, Marie Newton Sepia was less on defense than does the other By providing in law that the Federal a woman of special quality. Her love body. The House proposes to spend share of the compensation paid for for education and deep concern for the $5.8 billion more for nondefense dis­ the removal on nonconforming bill­ causes of Pilot International, resulted cretionary spending than does the boards may be reduced, the States in her idea to combine the two. other body. These differences will not may assert greater responsibility for Through dedication and foresight, disappear by themselves. They must the removal of these signs. According Pilot International and the Coopera­ be worked out. to the Department of Transportation, tive for American Relief Everywhere But the other body seems to be re­ some States are already paying 100 joined together in a school sisting the opportunity to resolve this percent of the compensation required; construction project in Guatemala. problem by insisting that the question meaning this amendment, to some The project successfully established of enforcement of spending levels be extent, is codifying existing practice. some 30 schools equipped to provide a discussed first. The other body ignores Under the proposed change, a State basic education for thousands of un­ the fact that it is pointless to discuss may, by agreement with the Secretary, derprivileged children. You see, Marie enforcing limits until the limits them­ pay 100 percent of the compensation believed that no one should be de­ selves are set. It's like calling all cars for the removal of these signs but not prived an education-not for any without deciding where they're sup­ less than the 25-percent currently re­ reason. posed to go. quired by law. A State assuming 100 Mr. Speaker, words are not adequate Mr. Speaker, the House is prepared percent of the compensation would, in describing to you the love Marie to act responsibly. The House is wait­ therefore, not be dependent on the had for mankind. We are fortunate in ing to meet. The House has had a Federal share being made available as that Marie's husband, M. Fred Sepia, budget ready for discussion for required by section 131

31-059 0-87-32 (Pt. 12) 16782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1984 in an effort to eliminate all traces of Flying the American flag is a means THE THREE CHAPELS OF BRANDEIS AS SYMBOLS Baltic identity. by which our friends and neighbors OF PEACE We remember the pain and suffering show their pride in the United States tragic June days by designating today flying here atop the U.S. Capitol or on

to relinquish their burning desire for triotism because it stands as a sacred The President of Brandeis University and independence and individual freedom. emblem of our great Nation and serves Members of its Board of Trustees, It is this same spirit that should unite to remind us of the struggles we have Distinguished Guests and Friends of Americans and all other free people in endured to maintain our form of gov­ Brandeis, the appreciation of the liberties we are ernment and way of life.e I come to your midst, a pilgrim priest afforded and able to enjoy. from a distant, troubled land. That Brandeis In addition, recalling the Soviet ag­ University should have thought of confer­ ring an honorary doctorate degree on the gression and repression of the Baltic CARDINAL SIN: A MAN OF people should inspire us to do all Archbishop of Manila, whose pittance of JUSTICE AND PEACE wisdom is reported to consist more of hu­ within our power to resist future Com­ morous parables rather than theological munist expansion and human rights treatises, is indeed a cause of bewilderment violations. By spreading the word of HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ for me. That this academic act should align this example of Communist expansion, OF NEW YORK me in the distinguished company of past re­ the world will grow to understand that cipients like Prime Ministers Golda Meir this is simply one piece of the grand IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and David Ben Gurion, President John F. Soviet plan for world domination. Friday, June 15, 1984 Kennedy and Richard Cardinal Cushing­ further increases my uneasiness. I finally The courageous Baltic people have e Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, a short endured much pain and suffering, but found some tranquility in the thought ex­ continue their unwavering battle to while ago, Brandeis University hon­ pressed by one of your Board of Trustees ored His Eminence, Jaime Cardinal L. that, more regain their freedom and enjoy their than honoring me, this conferment does ethnic heritage. Let. us join with, and Sin, archibishop of Manila, with an honorary degree. On that occasion, honor to the people of my country, the offer our prayers and support for the Philippines. freedom-loving people of the Baltic Cardinal Sin, who has been an outspo­ The sculptor, Elbert Weinberg, placed at States as we commemorate Baltic ken and courageous cha~pion of jus­ the entrance of your Jewish Chapel a repre­ Freedom Day·• tice and human rights in the Philip­ sentation of Jacob wrestling with an angel. pines, delivered a most eloquent and Before coming here, I too, had my moments moving address which demonstrates, I of wrestling with the angel of doubt. It was THE AMERICAN FLAG-A a perplexity that covered not only the believe, just why this churchman is so choice of a relevant topic but the efficacy a SYMBOL OF FREEDOM AND widely revered in his own country and DEMOCRACY voice from the Third World might expect abroad. when addressing an American audience. Speaking to the commencement au­ For to come to America is to be over­ HON. C.W. BILL YOUNG dience at Brandeis in Waltham, MA, whelmed by her immensity and complexity. OF FLORIDA Cardinal Sin linked his interest in the It is to experience her vastness geographi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cally, in the magnificence of your plains and poor and the oppressed with that of mountains; it is to experience her progress Thursday, June 14, 1984 Justice Louis Brandeis, the great jurist technically, in the dramatic achievements of e Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speak­ and humanitarian whose name the your sciences; it is to be dazzled culturally er, Americans throughout our Nation university bears. by the creativity of your arts and literature. Cardinal Sin, as a representative of Here, a traveler from an Asian village today are flying the Stars and Stripes could easily feel his smallness and insignifi­ in honor of Flag Day. the developing world, vividly depicted cance, while realizing furthermore, that the The American flag is a symbol of how awesome the power and wealth of inevitable companion to this preeminent freedom and democracy not only in the United States appears, and how progress is power-the power economically the United States, but wherever it is important it is that our traditional to render him poorer or richer; the power flown throughout the world. Our moral values, including the protection politically to support or to destabilize gov­ friends and allies are secure knowing of life and the rights of the individual, ernments abroad; the power technologically to enrich or to totally destroy our planet. the American flag is flying over U.S. remain at the core of our domestic and Underneath the awe and fear one has embassies and military installations in foreign policy. As someone who under­ before the mighty presence of America, are their countries. stands the brutal lessons of history, many questions, such as: Does America, in Here in the United States, there is Cardinal Sin reminded us that "when­ spite of the bigness of her industries, the no more patriotic group of people than ever the freedom and rights of men bigness of her military forces, the bigness of the residents of Pinellas County. One and women are sacrificed in the inter­ her financial resources, still possess an un­ of the most popular requests made of ests of national security, the abomina­ derstanding of the abject misery that pover­ me as a is for ty inflicts on millions of human beings? tion that was Auschwitz once again Can America, in spite of her tremendous help in securing an American flag that casts its demonic presence." material achievements, still have the heart has been flown over the U.S. Capitol. Mr. Speaker, given the significance to empathize with the hunger for justice Each year I have the pleasure of mail­ of the cardinal's message and the per­ and freedom felt by millions of small farm­ ing out hundreds of American flags of sonal courage and commitment to ers, small fishermen and laborers? Does all sizes. America continue to preserve the memory When I travel throughout Pinellas which his life is a witness, I ask that of her early history when she was sanctuary County, I'm proud to see American Cardinal Sin's address be reprinted in for men and women fleeing persecution and flags flying year-round in front of today's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. May oppression? businesses and homes in addition to his commitment to justice and to Today, I am glad to come to a part of aiding the lives of the poor and op­ America that recalls the "little republics" of State, county, and local offices and your early town meetings, where the life of schools. There is indeed a spirit of pa­ pressed everywhere encourage his citizens was exercised on a human scale, triotism throughout the county I rep­ countrymen, and all of us, to redouble where people could come together and per­ resent as there is throughout our our efforts to achieve a more just and sonally participate in the building of their Nation. decent world. community, establishing associations that June 15, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16783 developed through bonds of trust and affec­ volved in the making of an authentic hu­ as a menace to a free society. His work for tion. manity. Once this responsibility has become the Zionist movement was thoroughly For Brandeis makes America comprehen­ a habit of our minds and hearts, true soli­ American in spirit, based as it was on the sible. darity will flourish. It will become the foun­ right of small nations to shape their own Here, one easily feels at home in the Fran­ dation of all our social arrangements and in­ destiny and for their people to live freely in ciscan simplicity of the Chapel of Bethle­ stitutions, with rich and poor united in ac­ their own homeland. ham, in the inviting biblical atmosphere of tively redeeming the family of man. Then Only last April 25th, in my commence­ your Protestant Chapel, and in the familiar we might envision a unitary world radiating ment address to the College of Law gradu­ Old Testament symbols of your Jewish its happiness on a planetary scale, the poor ates of the University of the Philippines, I Chapel. In these surroundings, one easily releasing its creative energy, turning its suf­ quoted from Justice Brandeis: listens to the heart of America while recall­ fering into wisdom-bringing forth a new "Those who won our independence be­ ing what President Woodrow Wilson said at human life whose bright loveliness we lieved that the final end of the State was to Independence Hall on July 4th, 1914: cannot now fully imagine." make men free ... and that in its govern­ "My dream is that as the years go on and Human life-how precariously it clings to ment, the deliberative forces should prevail the world knows more and more of America, a planet that has become one great arsenal over the arbitrary. They believed liberty to it will atso drink at the fountain of youth of destruction. Realizing the need to join be the secret of happiness and courage to be and renewal; that it also will return to every effort seeking to protect the gift of the secret of liberty . . . they knew that America for those moral inspirations which life, we gave our fraternal support to the order could not be secured merely through lie at the basis of all freedom . . . and that 1983 pastoral letter of the Catholic Bishops fear of punishment ... that it is hazardous America will come in the full light of the of the United States, entitled: "The Chal­ to discourage thought, hope and imagina­ day when all shall know that she puts lenge of Peace: God's Promise and Our Re­ tion; that repression breeds hate, and hate human rights above all other rights and sponse." We were especially interested in menaces stable government."-CWhitney v. that her flag is the flag not only of America the pastoral's views on the value of nonvio­ California, 1927) · but of humanity." lence, since this option has recently sur­ I also learned that Justice Brandeis did I also have a dream, one arising from the faced in the Phillippines. not limit himself to propounding legal biblical perspective that says the poor will Human life was once more the theme at theory. He was above all a practical man inherit the earth, that the small people of the 1983 World Council of Churches Sixth who could be deeply moved by the apathy the world will one day possess the Kingdom Assembly which affirmed Jesus Christ as and slowness of people in the face of recog­ of God. the Life of the World. We likewise support nized wrongs. It was Justice Brandeis who It is easy to remember the poor while in its statement on human rights which calls helped found in 1900, the Public Franchise Brandeis where the architectural restraint on the churches to reaffirm their common League which resisted long-term exclusive and unpretentiousness of the Three Chapels commitment to work more fervently for the franchises of public utilities in Boston. He reflect the asceticism and humility of the elimination of all forms of inhumanity, bru­ was counsel for life insurance policy hold­ world's poor. tality, persecution and oppression. ers, devising a savings-bank insurance plan It is not strange to talk of the poor while Human life and its extermination was the as a means of security for wage earners. on this campus, since the great jurist whose final solution adopted for six million Jews This is familiar biography for you; for me, name this university proudly bears was a in the death camps of Hitler. The insane however, they are a confirmation in hope. courageous defender of the poor and the op­ tragedy of the Holocaust now impels Jews For Brandeis the man and jurist is gone. pressed. One recalls that Justice Louis D. and Christians alike to shout, "Never Brandeis was called the "People's Attorney" again!" to all repressive forces that manipu­ But the Univeristy that carried his name because of his many legal battles on behalf late, subjugate and finally eliminate the and tradition, remains. Here, among you, I of small businessmen, organized labor and weak and the defenceless. sense the resolve to continue the life quest consumers against the industrial giants of Yet, because the barbaric underside of of Louis D. Brandeis for an elightened world his age. The protection of the poor against mankind waits for any opportunity to un­ freed from all forms of injustice and oppres­ the "curse of bigness" was a primary con­ leash its savagery against a passive people, sion. cern of Justice Brandeis whom President we must maintain our vigilance constantly I, therefore, humbly urge you to continue Franklin Delano Roosevelt affectionately and courageously. placing the richness of your intellectual re­ called: "My dear Isaiah." Whenever the freedom and-rights of men sources at the service of practical programs We need not review the already familiar and women are sacrificed in the interests of designed to help poor students receive an statistics of misery and hunger endemic to national security, the abomination that was education in democratic principles and life; the poor, the harshness of whose lives un­ Auschwitz once again casts its demonic pres­ to help Third World faculty redesign law dermines the twentieth century dream of ence. and legal systems to promote human-orient­ creating material abundance for all. The Whenever the international economic ed needs; to strengthen international orga­ year 2000 will most likely have for its first order ignores distributive justice and creates nizations and private voluntary agencies historical scenario, the picture of wide­ greater unemployment and poverty in the that seek ways of inserting moral values spread food shortages among the peoples of Third World, the adoption of another effi­ into the framework of social, economic and the South, while the North enjoys an even cient version of the Final Solution against political institutions. higher level of prosperity fueled by an ever millions becomes another grotesque possibil­ Through such unremitting efforts, we insurmountable technological advantage. ity. bring about oneness between Brandeis and But to dwell mainly on the material di­ Our vigilance is all the more necessary the Philippines, between Brandeis and the mensions of poverty, is to invite despair and since those who design economic policies poor of this world. Peace enters our planet disunity. The challenge of poverty needs to devoid of social justice and who go about through such small beginnings. be expressed in a profoundly spiritual sense militarizing government machineries behind My friends, at the Funeral Mass for ·the by urging the wealthy and the powerful to the facade of law and order, are individuals assassinated Senator Benigno Aquino, I de­ look into their innate capacity to under­ whose outward demeanor and motives are picted our people as a pilgrim nation whose stand the sufferings of the poor. The para­ just as ordinary, just as rational and neigh­ Promised Land of freedom and justice still mount spiritual task of the rich is to over­ borly as the dutiful Mr. Eichmann. beckons far beyond the desert's horizon. come their scandalous separation from the It was Barbara Ward who once said that Our poverty is like a roaring lion devasting suffering part of mankind. our world, with its science and technology, our countryside and devouring our youth. In turning towards the poor, the rich with its instruments of total destruction, The lack of truth and freedom are like dried world finds its true self. It is an encounter can still set the process in reverse and up streams that can no longer quench one's that brings forth humility, charity and com­ create a world in which the Divine can thirst; the injustice of our system is like a passion-moral impulses whose source is the break through to our human state. It was plague of locusts tormenting our daily lives.- Divine Will which created us all in the this vision to help make this world a place Yet, I make my journey back home armed likeness of his own image. In this affinity in which the Lord and his creation could with that hope which my Brandeis visit re­ that we have of one another, as sons and happily dwell, that finally became my prin­ newed in me. If here on your campus, di­ daughters of God, we discover the profound cipal motive in coming to Brandeis. verse faiths can live in fraternal coexistence design that impels us to strive for oneness. For it was in the preparations for my visit and amity, then, mankind's eventual recon­ Here I recall a reflection on this topic here that I first came to know the thoughts ciliation with God and each other can made by .an Asian scholar friend, who wrote: and writings of Justice Brandeis. It was this indeed become a reality. "We turn continually to one another Justice whose brooding eyes and craggy face Let me, therefore, now thank you-as a giving life and receiving life. In this manner, reminded onlookers of a Hebrew prophet, priest -for the great honor this con­ and hear rifle and machine gun fire coming We also wore an equipment harness ancl ferment bestows on me and my countrymen. up from below me about 75 yards to my ammunition belt with thirty rounds of .45 Let me thank you-as a friend, who recalls right-guess about 15 weapons in action. caliber pistol ammo and about one hundred what President Abram Sachar of Brandeis Could see muzzle blast and occasional trac­ rounds of .30 caliber rifle ammo, two hand said of those who enter the Three Chapels, ers-apparently aimed at the waves of grenades, a .45 caliber pistol, loaded and that there "only the hearts need speak." planes flying on toward the southeast. Got cocked, a .30 caliber folding stock rifle . loaded and cocked, a ten-inch blade you: or seven hundred yards in front of me. knife strapped to the leg calf for hand-to­ Peace! Guessed it to be Ste. Mere-Eglise. Guess hand combat, a canteen with one quart of Shalom!• later proved to be correct. Prepared to water, one spoon and canteen cup used as a land-focused eyes on ground-looking fifty cooking utensil, some water purification tab­ yards ahead of me . an equipment bag containing a rain­ Friday, June 15, 1984 flying planes. coat, a blanket, toothbrush. toilet paper and e Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, last Instantly I knew I was in the wrong six meals of emergency K rations-a combi­ week as a Nation we paid tribute to place-at least six miles from my planned nation shovel and pick for digging in; maps, the thousands of heroes whose young drop zone and far deeper in German terri­ flashlight, compass; also an "escape kit" tory than planned. The time was 1:26 a.m., containing a very small compass, small lives were snuffed out in the first June 6, 1944.' D-Day was to begin on the hacksaw blade, a map of France printed on hours of D-day as the free nations of beaches at 6:30 a.m. The parachute jump silk and $300 worth of well-used French cur­ the world began their ultimate trium­ from plane to ground in Normandy, France rency. This kit was enclosed in a waterproof phant offensive to smash Hitler's tyr­ had taken 35-40 seconds, maybe less. container measuring four inches by six anny in Europe. This is a good point to add some personal inches by one-quarter inch-everyone was In the midst of this turbulent elec­ and "big picture" details. encouraged to hide it in a different place on tion year it is critical that we pause for I was 24 years old-a captain-in the 501st the body-I carried mine inside my sock, a moment to be reminded by the hero­ Parachute Infantry, a part of the lOlst Air­ just above boot top on my right leg. borne Division which, toge~her with the We carried two other items in our equip­ ism of allied soldiers on the Normandy 82nd Airborne Division, landed a total of ment. We wore our identification (dog tags) beaches of all the fundamental things 12,000 parachutists that night. We were the on a light metal chain around our necks, that bring us together-Democrats spearhead of the invasion of Europe. I real­ taped together so they didn't click or rattle. and Republicans and peoples of all ize that 12,000 sounds like a large force, but And at noontime before the invasion we had free democracies. when you consider that we had been told received our last surprise: A "cricket." This I had the honor· of participating in there were 70,000 Germans there, you can was a metal device made partially of brass the delegation of members who repre­ see what the situation looked like to us. I and partially of steel. When you depressed sented this House at the solemn and jumped from plane #42 in a total of nearly the steel it made a snapping sound or a 1,000 planes used in that assault. There "crick." And when you released the steel moving commemoration on the beach­ were 17 of us who jumped from that plane, part, it would crick again. This was some­ es of Normandy. Among the members all from Regimental Headquarters 501st. thing we had not counted on and had never of this congressional delegation was The 501st jumped about 2,000 officers and heard about, but it was to be our primary our distinguished colleague from Flori­ men. All of us were volunteers and received means of identification between friend and da, Congressman SAM M. GIBBONS. extra hazard pay for our line of work. foe during the night assault. We cricked This was not his first visit to Nor­ For this performance our heads had been them a few times and rehearsed My equipment was typical for the jump what happened to a very few of us. The rest It was dark-slight ground fog-body that night. Two parachutes-one main on is lost, and so were all of us for a time. arched forward, feet together-head tilted my back and a reserve on my chest in case Shortly after 1:26 a.m. while still on my forward- the main malfunctioned-both camouflaged back, I wiggled my feet and legs to make My parachute snapped open with a loud green and brown and made of nylon for Christmas. Colonel Robert Ballard, from Jackson­ the fact that I had put it in my inside pants And eventually to Hitler's capital in south ville, Florida, commanded our 2nd Batal­ pocket, it hadn't melted! I think it must Germany-Berchtesgaden-for the May 8, lion-501. He later commanded the Regi­ have been mixed with concrete. 1945 German final surrender. ment after Johnson was killed in Holland Well, that takes you through two days of From there we made contact with the and after Ewell was wounded at Bastogne. the invasion. The first day didn't seem like Russian forces in Austria, south of Vienna, He later became the commanding General it would every end and the second day went and were being redeployed to "God-knows­ of the Florida National Guard. Bob and his so fast I hardly remember it. Eventually we where" in Bar le due, France, when the wife now live south of Miami at Goulds, would take St. Come-du-Mont. Instead of atom bomb was dropped at Hiroshima. A Florida. He had landed near his drop zone taking it with one company of the 501, as few weeks later we dissolved the Regiment, somewhere between Vierville and Angoville had been our original plan of operation turned in all of its equipment, transferred on one of the roads leading to St. Come-du­ before the invasion-or with my small out its remaining personnel, and some of us Mont. His Battalion had encountered stiff combat patrol as I had tried to do on D-Day, came home. opposition but it had organized and was in it took the whole Division plus the fire sup­ As I recall there were 12 or 15 of us left position contesting the road to St. Come-du­ port from the cruiser Quincy plus eight or from the original cadre that had formed the Mont. At this hour on D+ 1 I knew little ten tanks that were assigned to us from the 501 in Toccoa, Georgia in 1942. The person­ about Johnson or Ballard or about the fate 5th Corps. It took plenty of lives, both nel officer told me at our last, rather wild of the 1st Battalion. We moved out from the German and American. But within three party in Auxerre, France, that we had had Division Command Post near Hiesville in days we held St. Come-du-Mont and control about 12,000 people on our personnel the direction of Vierville with a mission of of the bridges, the line of the Douve River records to make up our assigned strength of seizing the bridges across the Douve be­ was secure and our first mission completed. about 2,200 people. War uses up a lot of tween St. Come-du-Mont and Carentan. The Near the end of the third day the 501 was people-not all are killed. Some just fall out advance from Hiesville to Vierville was rela­ ordered into division Reserve near Vierville. on the way. Others are injured and wound­ tively uneventful. There was some firing but We assembled there. Colonel Johnson, our ed but such is the nature of war. The 501 it didn't stop us. Regimental Commander, and his group had plenty of tough and exciting times, but It was not until I had reached Angoville showed up with about 150 German prison­ for me, I don't think any day will ever be that the first serious action of that day ers. Ewell and his Battalion rejoined us. Bal­ like D-Day-June 6th, 1944. began for me. When we reached Angoville lard and his Battalion rejoined us, and while I think some personal footnotes are ap­ there were already some other American I can't say we were a happy lot, we were a propriate here. I don't want anybody to ever forces there-apparently remnants of our relieved lot. I remember we counted heads think that I was either brave or a hero. I 1st Battalion. We quickly exchanged infor­ that evening at Vierville on the third day was just there and did what had to be done mation and no sooner than that had hap­ and from our group of about 2,000 that and could be done. There were many heroes. pened then we came under heavy fire. I came in by parachute, we now numbered no Some of them are dead, but some still very jumped into a barn adjacent to a farmhouse more than 600 to 700. much alive. on the east side of the little road that we Fortunately, in the next few days more Julian Ewell became a Lieutenant General were on. It must have been about 9:30 or and more of our 501 men showed up and by and retired after Vietnam. Harry Kinnard 10:00 o'clock in the morning. I felt safe in the fourth day it seemed to me that we had became a Lieutenant General and retired the barn-heavy, sturdy stone walls and a about 800 to 900 officers and men. We reor­ after Vietnam. Elvie Roberts became a Lieu­ tile roof. At first we received rifle fire and ganized as quickly as possible-reassigning tenant General and retired after Vietnam. machine gun fire, which we returned. Then duties, redistributing weapons, going out Robert Ballard became a Major General mortar shells began to fall. This was the into the fields and finding the equipment and commanded the Florida National Guard first time I had been under fire by mortar bundles, getting what few radios we could and now lives in the Miami area. Richard since the beginning of the invasion. After find in action, and on the night of the third Allen became a General and retired after the third or fourth round hit in Angoville, day I dug my first foxhole in France. It Vietnam. Joe Jenkins became a Colonel, one hit the roof of the barn. The roof was wasn't a very good one. The ground was having risen through the ranks and receiv­ sturdy and covered with tiles about a half hard and I was tired. But I scooped out a ing a battlefield commission, and retired inch thick, but when that shell went off, little place, covered myself with a para­ some years ago. Captain Hugo Simms served those nice red clay tiles turned into lethal chute, and before I could count ten I was one term in the Congress from South Caro­ weapons. I learned then and there to stay dead asleep. Well, that night and the next lina, and also served in Korea. Lieutenant away from barns with tile roofs-even if day the war went on ... we had more mis­ Charles Poze who was my point man-and they do have good walls. I also learned later sions to accomplish-which we did. whom I never saw after that morning just that same day that the first thing you do Carentan was captured. The Cotentin pe­ outside of St. Come-du-mont-apparently when you go into a house is to break out the ninsula was cut off so as to assure the cap­ died in the 1960's of a heart attack. Unfor­ glass windows. I had been in some houses on ture of Cherbourg, which had been one of tunately, I've never been able to find out D-Day but there was no artillery fire direct­ the prime missions of the D-Day landing what happened to Charlie. I have the VA ed at me and no mortar fire, and I felt safe and follow-up forces. It was necessary to looking into that. with the glass windows but that day at An­ capture Cherbourg because it was the only Maxwell Taylor became a four-star Gener­ goville I learned how dangerous glass win­ deep-water port available in that part of al and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of dows and tile roofs could be. France which could be used to land the Staff. General J. Lawton Collins led his 7th We took some casualties. I don't remem­ heavy equipment and the supplies that were Corps to victory in Europe and earned the ber how many. After an hour the firing needed to sustain the breakout of the nickname of "Lightning Joe" because of the stopped. It seemed that German troops who beachhead and the dash across France of speed with which his troops advanced had been positioned on or near the beaches the American and British Armies. through France and into Germany. and who had been driven back by the land­ A few days after the Fourth of July, 1944, On May 14, 1984 I was privileged to sit on ing forces were now moving toward us. With the 501 returned to England. I had flown the reviewing platform with Generals the 4th Division and some elements of our back a couple of days early in order to make Taylor and Collins and the Secretary of the 101st pushing from the east with the only the necessary arrangements for the reopen­ Army, John Marsh, as an honored guest for way across the Douve river and into Caren­ ing of our camp at Hampsted Marshall near the special parade honoring Taylor and Col­ tan being blocked by us, we were picking up Newbury and meet the Regiment at the lins. Ewell and Kinnard were there also. one German unit after another as they were docks in South Hampton with the necessary You might classify D-Day as my "first trying to move to a better position. Our transportation to get them the 50 to 60 junket" and because I'm the only member road to the southwest to St. Come-du-Mont miles back to what we now called "home." I of Congress who was there on D-Day, I will was still blocked and so we spent the rest of had enough vehicles for 800 men, and we be allowed to take another one, with that day in the Angoville-Vierville area. filled them up with a little room to spare. Martha this time, to participate in the cere­ There was too much resistance at St. Come­ So from a total strength of about 2,200 mony in Normandy with President Reagan, du-Mont for us to move south. There was that went to France by parachute and by Queen Elizabeth of England, and President too much resistance to the northeast for us sea from the 501, we brought back about Mitterrand of France on June 6, 1984 ... to move in that direction. So we settled 800. Some of the men were arriving back at The 40th anniversary of my "Longest Day". down after nightfall for some rest. Hampstead Marshal from hospitals but I am sure by now there must be some In the meantime I had almost started to most of the rest were just gone. The 501 question in your mind about why these like K rations. I hadn't had a chance to try jumped into Holland for that invasion on memories are so vivid to me. I find as I talk any of the powdered drinks, but the eggs September 17. in what has been called "A to others who were there at that time that and cheese were good. I couldn't get very Bridge Too Far." Then back to a reorganiza- they have the same sort of vivid recollec- June 15, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16791 tion. For most of us the rest of the war national commerce has made much progress The survey found that a similar pro­ seems to be a blur with a few high spots and, I hope, brought about a better under­ gram now operated by HUD, the sec­ that we can remember-but D-Day and the standing and working relationships between day following seemed to be burned into our those trading partners. tion 8 existing certificate program, has memories. Perhaps it is because we had pre­ As an example, in the United States our not worked well in areas where hous­ pared for so long. Perhaps it is because we international commerce has grown from ing is in short supply. Fifty-five per­ had studied the maps and rehearsed the only a few billion dollars a year back in the cent of cities contacted in the survey format so many times. Perhaps it was be­ early 1950s to five hundred billion dollars a found that one out of four people turn cause it was our first brush with the enemy year in the 1980s. My role as chairman of back the certificates because they and with death. And perhaps it was because the Subcommittee on Trade places me in a cannot locate suitable housing. In 24 we were required to write about it in an key position to advance my mission. The de­ percent of the survey cities, at least after-action report while we were still in termination that drives me is based upon Normandy. Somewhere in the vast files of those vivid experiences of D-Day and the half the participants return their cer­ the Defense Department are thousands of rest of the war. tificates. reports written by hand by those who par­ World War II was perhaps not the last The problem for poor people seeking ticipated and survived. major war-and if another one occurs, D­ adequate housing is not simply cost, as In addition, my parents kept all of my let­ Day and that whole war will have been like the administration suggests, but avail­ ters. My father would take them to the a Sunday School picnic in comparison. ability. If the Federal Government office, have them typed up and distribute I am determined to do all I can to make continues to withdraw from the proc­ them to the family. He kept a copy of these sure that something like that will never letters until just before he died when he occur. ess of expanding the housing supply, turned them over to me. I hadn't realized We Americans are only a small part of the earth's popula­ of course, will increase costs as well. A few months ago I read over the letters, tion-but we have a responsibility to lead. A The urban poor will be unable to find and I've got to say they are the longest good, successful leader leads by example. habitable shelter at any reasonable weather reports every written. Because of We must reduce barriers, ours and theirs. cost. censorship I was careful not to give away We must remain strong, but not be provoca­ At this point, I include in the much information, but I did write in order tive. And we must negotiate, not because of to try to relieve my mother's and father's fear but because we are strong. And if we RECORD an article from the June 15, tension. After all, they had not only me to use that strength sparingly and wisely, we 1982, Washington Post which de­ worry about, but my brother Myron who will not have to face another time like that scribes the U.S. Conference of Mayors made his crossing of the invasion beaches between World War I and II. We must in­ Survey: about a month later and fighting with Pat­ spire confidence in our actions and try to MAYORS' GROUP SAYS U.S. POOR LACK ton's army began the breakout of the beach­ understand and accept the vast differences HOUSING head. In the breakout, he was wounded on in beliefs and cultures that surround us.e three different occasions, received three Purple Hearts, and spent about a year in The nation's mayors, slicing into a basic the hospital. Later he retired as sixty per­ MAYOR'S SURVEY SHOWS AD­ premise of Reagan administration housing cent disabled. Despite his disability, he suc­ MINISTRATION HAS FAILED IN policy, yesterday issued a report saying cessfully practiced law until very recently­ HOUSING THE POOR there is a serious shortage of housing for he is now 100 percent disabled and living the poor in cities across the country. quietly with his family in Tampa. The administration has said there is no These days had a tremendous impact HON. WILLIAM J. COYNE shortage, and has virtually ended the main upon me. I'd been in ROTC almost contin­ OF PENNSYLVANIA federal programs for building new housing ously since 1936 at Plant High School. In IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for poor people. mid-1941 I was called to active duty and had But, in a survey of 66 cities, the U.S. Con­ spent years preparing for what I was called Friday, June 15, 1984 ference of Mayors found that low-income upon to do on D-Day. •Mr. COYNE. Mr. Speaker, this ad­ families must wait an average of nearly two I had lots of opportunity to reflect before ministration has attempted to halt all years to get into public and subsidized hous­ and after at the University of Florida while Federal assistance aimed at increasing ing. studying world history and political science. the availability of housing for the The average waiting period is eight years In the late 1930s and 1940s the world had in the District of Columbia and as long as 25 disintegrated. Hitler had begun to march. poor. In large part, it has succeeded. years in some cities, the study says, and 61 First, Austria had fallen; then Czechoslova­ Only the insistence of the Congress percent of the cities have closed their wait­ kia; next Poland, Denmark, and Norway; has allowed a small amount of new ing lists. then Hitler's lightning stab through France public housing construction and rental In some cities, the mayors found, as many and France had fallen. England had been housing development to be included in as three out of four poor families are forced under seige. The oceans were no longer safe the budget for the coming fiscal year. to turn down federal rent subsidies because for travel. World commerce had been de­ The administration argues that new they cannot find suitable places to rent. stroyed by an act of Congress in the Smoot­ rental units are unnecessary, that The report is certain to provide new am­ Hawley Tariff, which I believe had been one munition for big-city mayors at their annual of the major contributors to the disintegra­ there are more than enough units for meeting this weekend in Philadelphia. tion of the international community. poor families already in the stock. It Boston Mayor Raymond L. Flynn wasted World commerce was at its lowest ebb. A has used this argument as the basis little time, accusing the administration of feeling of despair swept Europe and Japan. for a shift in our housing program "further exacerbating the housing crisis." Unemployment was high in the United toward vouchers and away from actual Housing and Urban Development Secre­ States, but higher in Europe. Fortifications production of new units. tary Samuel R. Pierce Jr., whose depart­ were built and destroyed. Then in December A recent survey by the U.S. Confer­ ment has virtually eliminated new construc­ '41-Pearl Harbor. ence of Mayors shows the administra­ tion of low-income housing, said yesterday These events and my own experiences that the administration's program is "de­ long ago gave me a mission. That mission is tion clearly misperceives the serious­ signed to meet the very needs identified in to help create an environment in which ness of the shortage of housing for the the ... report." He said expanded use of people can work and live together-not just poor. In a survey of 66 cities, the housing vouchers, or rent subsidies, could in the United States, but worldwide. The op­ Mayor's Conference found that, in serve 10 times as many poor people. portunity to create a peaceful environment some instances, the waiting period for Housing aid to the poor has become the with our political differences is not very subsidized and public housing can be third-largest federal welfare program, after good, but in our commercial contacts we can as long as 25 years. The average wait­ and food stamps. Before Ronald build confidence, understanding, and a ing period is 8 years. Three out of five Reagan became president, they were among spirit of cooperation. So my mission is to do the fastest-growing items in the budget. that. cities have closed their waiting lists. But vouchers, which help poor people pay We've made progress. There is a general Shifting to housing vouchers, which their rent up to a certain ceiling if they find agreement on tariffs and trade matters. would help people pay their rent if apartments that meet minimum standards, World barriers in a commercial sense have they can find adequate housing in an depend on an adequate stock of housing. been vastly reduced. The expansion of inter- area, is an approach doomed to failure. And the survey found that many cities have 16792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1984 had limited success with the current "Sec­ to emigrate and are refused may sud­ Is AMERICA RUSHING INTO THE WILDERNESS? tion 8" rent certificates. denly find themselves unemployed,