USOO6716437B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,716,437 B1 Pelle et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Apr. 6, 2004

(54) TOPCAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD (56) References Cited FOR ENHANCING LIPID BARRIER SYNTHESIS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,793.990 A 12/1988 Grollier et al...... 424/59 (75) Inventors: Edward Pelle, Valley Stream, NY (US); 5,855,897 A 1/1999 Pelle ...... 424/401 Jon Anderson, Galesburg, MI (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: E-L Management Corporation, New RU 1770352 A1 10/1992 York, NY (US) RU 177O352 * 10/1992 WO WO 98/10739 3/1998 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Miller et al., Kahweol and Cafestol: Inhibitors of Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis, Nutrition and Cancer 15: This patent is Subject to a terminal dis 41–46, 1991. claimer. Hugget et al., Chemoprotective Effects of Coffee and its Components Cafestol and Kahweol: Effects Xenobiotic (21) Appl. No.: 09/806,667 Metabolizing Enzymes, Colloq. Sci. Int. Cafe (C.R.) 16(1): (22) PCT Fed: Sep. 11, 1997 65–72, 1995. Urgert et al., Effects of Cafestol and Kahweol from Coffee (86) PCT No.: PCT/US97/16364 Grounds on Serum Lipids and Serum Liver Enzymes in S371 (c)(1), Humans, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61: 149-154, 1995. (2), (4) Date: Apr. 2, 2001 Melnick et al., J. Invest. Dermoatol. 92:231–2234, 1989. (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO98/10739 * cited by examiner PCT Pub. Date: Mar. 19, 1998 Primary Examiner Neil S Levy (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Jones Day Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/712.988, filed on The present invention relates to topical compositions useful Sep. 13, 1993, now Pat. No. 5,855,897. in enhancing lipid synthesis in Skin comprising an effective (51) Int. Cl...... A61K 9/10 amount of cafestol or kahweol, or derivative thereof, in (52) U.S. Cl...... 424/401; 514/169; 514/170; combination with a pharmaceutically or cosmetically 514/171; 514/172; 514/174; 514/182; 514/461; acceptable carrier. Such compositions are useful in treatment 514/469 or prevention of dry skin and conditions in which the skin's (58) Field of Search ...... 424/400, 401, lipid barrier is defective or damaged. 424/59, 63; 514/169-172, 174, 182, 461, 469 8 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets

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d US 6,716,437 B1 1 2 TOPCAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD the individual being treated, while ultimately resulting in no FOR ENHANCING LIPID BARRIER actual repair of the lipid barrier. SYNTHESIS The present invention now provides a useful substitute for RELATED APPLICATIONS the daily application of Skin conditioning agents, or harsh topical active agents. It has now been discovered that it is This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. S 120 to possible to actually amplify the production of the skin's International Application No. PCT/US97/16364, filed Sep. natural lipid barrier. Specifically, it has been found that 11, 1997, which is a continuation in part of U.S. Ser. No. cafestol, when applied topically to the skin, is capable of 08/712,988, filed Sep. 13, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,855, Stimulating the production of one or more of the naturally 897, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in occurring Stratum corneum lipid components, as well as their entireties. increasing the Stratum corneum per se. There is thus pro FIELD OF THE INVENTION Vided a new type of cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition which functions by enhancing the Skin's own functions, The present invention relates to topically applied compo 15 resulting in a more natural means of preventing dry skin and Sitions which increase lipid Synthesis in skin. More other undesirable results of a deficient lipid barrier. Specifically, the invention relates to compositions compris ing cafestol as a lipid barrier enhancer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 is photograph of a TLC plate showing the results Skin is typically characterized as consisting of three of dose-variable(left) and time-variable(right) application of distinct layers, namely the Stratum corneum, the epidermis cafestol acetate to living skin models. Each shows an and the dermis. The Stratum corneum, the Outermost layer, increase in ceramide production with increasing dosage and is made up of keratinized cells, Surrounded by intercellular time. Space filled with lipids. The Stratum corneum provides a 25 Substantial physical barrier to penetration of most Substances FIG. 2 is a photograph of a TLC plate showing the results to the lower layers of the skin. In addition to preventing of a comparison between application of cafestol acetate and transport of Substances to the other skin layers, however, this coffee bean oil to living skin models, with respect to barrier also aids in prevention of water loSS from the skin. dose-dependent increase in ceramide production. Both functions are primarily attributable to the presence of FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of densitometric analy the lipids in the Stratum corneum. sis of the TLC plate shown in FIG. 2, showing the effect of There are two Sources of the skin Surface lipids making up each treatment on ceramide content of Skin relative to this important barrier: Sebaceous glands and the epidermis. dosage. The lipids are a diverse group of compounds, comprising 35 triglycerides, diglycerides, ceramides, free fatty acids, wax FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the effect of cafestol esters, cholesterol and cholesterol esters, and Squalene. The acetate and cafestol palmitate on barrier Strength measured quantity and composition of the skin Surface lipids differ via tape stripping and TEWL. from place to place on the body, and may to Some extent be FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the effect of cafestol related to the number of Sebaceous glands in a given area of 40 the skin. The condition of the skin Surface lipids may also be on ceramide production in Skin over time. affected by an essential fatty acid deficiency. Additionally, FIG. 6 is a graphic representation of a dose-dependent the lipid barrier is easily diminished by exposure to harsh effect of cafestol on ceramide production in Skin detergents or Soaps. It is apparent, then, that the quality of the skin lipid barrier can vary widely, depending on a 45 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION number of different factors, and therefore, may not always be adequate to perform its protective function optimally. The present invention relates to topical compositions AS an attempt to compensate for what may be a less than comprising as an active component an effective amount of adequate lipid barrier, cosmetic compositions frequently cafestol, kahweol, or derivatives thereof, in combination incorporate components which compensate for water loSS. 50 with a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Examples of Such materials are hygroscopic humectants, The invention also relates to a method for increasing lipid e.g., urea or propylene glycol, or emollients, e.g., oleyl Synthesis in the skin which comprises applying to the Skin an alcohol or caprylic/capric triglycerides. Certain cosmetic effective amount of cafestol or kahweol, or derivatives components may be occlusive skin conditioners, which are thereof. AS the lipid barrier is a key factor in maintaining the used to provide an “artificial” barrier, Such compounds are 55 frequently lipids which remain on the Skin Surface, and quality and moisture of Skin, the topical application of include various hydrogenated oils, waxes and butters. cafestol or its derivatives is thus also useful in improving Although many of these products provide an effective means overall skin condition, and in the prevention or treatment of of Stemming water loSS from the Skin, they do have to be a variety of dry skin generally, and Specific skin conditions reapplied frequently to maintain the effect, and do not 60 in which the natural lipid barrier is compromised or absent. generally constitute a natural-occurring component of the Stratum corneum, potentially giving rise to an unnatural, DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE greasy feel to the skin. In addition, various pharmaceutical INVENTION or cosmetic active agents are also frequently used to treat the Symptoms of dry skin-associated conditions; however, in 65 Cafestol and kahweol, and/or their esters, are the principle many cases, particularly with pharmaceutical agents, the components of the diterpene ester fraction of coffee bean oil. treatments themselves may cause undesirable Side effects in Cafestol has the following chemical formula: US 6,716,437 B1 4 least one lipid barrier component by at least 1% when compared with untreated Skin in the same location. Preferably, at least one lipid in increased by at least 5%. Alternately, the efficacy of cafestol is evaluated by its ability to Strengthen the lipid barrier as indicated by measurement of transepidermal water loSS. In the present context, an amount of cafestol or kahweol is considered effective if it enhances lipid barrier strength by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, after at least 5 days of treatment. In formulating Such compositions, cafestol or kahweol is incorporated in an amount of from about 0.001 to 50 mg/ml, preferably about It is available commercially in esterified form as cafestol 0.005 to 10.0 mg/ml, more preferably about 0.01 to 1.0 acetate. The Structurally similar kahweol has the following mg/ml, and most preferably 0.1 to 1 mg/ml of composition. chemical formula: It will be understood that throughout the specification and

claims, where the term “cafestol’ or “kahweol” is used, this 15 term also encompasses, in addition to free cafestol or kahweol, any and all Safe and effective derivatives, analogs, or precursors of these compounds, in particular, their esters, e.g., acetate, diacetate, palmitate, linoleate, Stearate, eicosanoate, myristate, docosanoate, and tetracosanoate; also cafestol toluenesulfonate; and 16, 17 anhydrocafestol, or any mixtures thereof. Many of these materials are natu rally occurring components of coffee bean oil, albeit in Small concentrations. Preferably, the active component is Substan Diverse biological activities have been attributed to cafestol tially pure, i.e., at least 70% pure, preferably at least 80% and related compounds. For example, coffee bean oil, which 25 pure and more preferably at least 90% pure. contains cafestol and kahweol, has been Said to be useful as For topical application, the cafestol or kahweol can be a sun filter (U.S. Pat. No. 4.793,990). An extract of essential formulated with a variety of cosmetically and/or pharma oils of coffee has been used, in combination with numerous ceutically acceptable carriers. The term “pharmaceutically other components, including cocoa butter and antioxidants, or cosmetically acceptable carrier” refers to a vehicle, for in toilet Soap compositions, the components are Said to either pharmaceutical or cosmetic use, which vehicle deliv Synergistically interact to provide a "monomolecular film' ers the active components to the intended target and which on the skin(SU 1770352). Further, cafestol itself, in combi will not cause harm to humans or other recipient organisms. nation with kahWeol, has been Suggested as having a pro AS used herein, "pharmaceutical” or "cosmetic” will be tective effect against carcinogens in animal Subjects (Miller understood to encompass both human and animal pharma et al., Nutr. Cancer 15: 41-46, 1991; Huggett and Schilter, 35 ceuticals or cosmetics. Useful carriers include, for example, Colloq. Sci. Int. Cafe C.R. 16(1): 65–72, 1995. Cafestol water, acetone, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and kahweol have also been linked to increasing Serum lipid butane-1,3-diol, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, or concentrations in individuals consuming Significant quanti mineral oil. Methodology and components for formulation ties of unfiltered coffee (Urgert et al., Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61: of cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions are well 149-154, 1995). 40 known, and can be found, for example, in Remington's It has not heretofore been recognized, however, that Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eighteenth Edition, A. R. cafestol or kahweol, each alone or in combination with each Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co. Easton Pa., 1990. The other, when applied directly to the skin, would have the carrier may be in any form appropriate to the mode of Significant biological activity of Stimulating lipid production delivery, for example, Solutions, colloidal dispersions, in the Stratum corneum. It is therefore an unexpected obser 45 emulsions(oil-in-water or water-in-oil), Suspensions, Vation that the application of Small amounts of cafestol or creams, lotions, gels, foams, mousses, sprays and the like. kahweol to living skin models results in a Significant, The formulation, in addition to the carrier and the active dose-dependent increase in more than one major Stratum diterpene component, also can comprise other components corneum lipid. In addition, the amount of ceramide increases which may be chosen depending on the carrier and/or the in a time-dependent manner with repeated applications of a 50 intended use of the formulation. Additional components uniform dosage over a period of dayS. include, but are not limited to, water Soluble colorants (Such Histological Samples of the treated Skin Show that after as FD&C Blue #1); oil soluble colorants (such as D&C treatment there is also a measurable increase in Stratum Green #6); water soluble Sunscreens (such as Eusolex 232); corneum, Suggesting that the treatment promotes differen oil Soluble Sunscreens (Such as Octyl Methoxycinnamate); tiation of epidermal cells into Stratum corneum; the 55 particulate Sunscreens (Such as Zinc Oxide); antioxidants increased presence of ceramides, which are differentiation (such as BHT); chelating agents (such as Disodium EDTA); Specific, is consistent with this Scenario. Significantly, coffee emulsion Stabilizers (Such as carbomer); preservatives (Such bean oil, when used alone in the Same treatment regimen, as Methyl Paraben); fragrances (such as pinene); flavoring has no Substantially no effect. In clinical Studies, these agents (Such as Sorbitol); humectants (such as glycerine); results are also confirmed by an observation of an increase 60 waterproofing agents (such as PVP/Eicosene Copolymer); in ceramides in treated test Subjects, and further by a water soluble film-formers (such as Hydroxypropyl showing of an increase in barrier Strength in treated Subjects. methylcellulose); oil-soluble film formers (such as Hydro In view of this activity, cafestol or kahweol are very genated C-9 Resin); cationic polymers (such as Polyguater useful components for cosmetic and/or topically delivered nium 10); anionic polymers (Such as Xanthan gum); Vitamins pharmaceutical compositions. AS used in the present speci 65 (Such as Tocopherol); and the like. fication and claims, “effective amount' is intended to indi The therapeutic/cosmetic uses of the present composi cate an amount capable of increasing the production of at tions are numerous, namely treatment or prevention of any US 6,716,437 B1 S 6 condition in which the skin's natural lipid barrier is at risk, frequency, for treatment of existing dry skin conditions or deficient or damaged. For example, the cafestol- or kahweol other conditions associated with a defective, damaged, or containing compositions can be used in prevention or treat absent barrier, the composition can be applied, for example, ment of dry skin conditions generally, or Specific dry skin on an as-needed basis until the condition is improved, or conditions, Such as result from regular exposure to whenever exposure to causative exogenous conditions is detergents, Soaps and hot water, Seasonal exposure to harsh frequent. The compositions can also be applied daily to weather conditions, e.g., cold, wind and/or Sun; occupational prevent the occurrence of dry skin. When used in combina exposure to harsh chemicals or other drying or damaging tion with other active agents, as outlined above, the appli agents, or pathological conditions Such as eczematous cation frequency will be determined according to the usual dermatides, psoriasis, ichthyoses, Xerosis and the like. It is pattern for topical application of the other active. also well-known that dry skin is commonly associated with The invention will be further understood by reference to aging(both intrinsic and photoaging), and the cafestol/ the following non-limiting examples. kahweol compositions can be used in prevention of further damage to aging skin, or treatment and/or reversal of already EXAMPLES present damage. The compositions can also be used in the 15 treatment of a defective skin barrier, Such as occurs on the I. Living Skin Models-materials and Methods Soles of the feet, and palms of the hands, where the Stratum A. Determination of cafestol activity. Living skin models corneum is very thick, but the lipid barrier is poor. In (#1301) are obtained from Advanced Tissue Sciences and addition, defective skin barriers frequently occur in associa treated with cafestol acetate(Sigma)by addition of a stock tion with burns, wounds, blisters, Stasis ulcers and bedsores, Solution prepared in cell culture medium in a dose Such injuries can be expected to benefit from application of dependent manner from 0.01 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml, or in a the compositions of the invention. The compositions may time-dependent manner at 0.5 mg/ml for up to 7 days. All also be useful in enhancement of percutaneous drug deliv experiments are conducted with untreated controls. At each ery. dose or time point, the skin models are homogenized and the AS will be apparent from the foregoing list of pertinent 25 lipids extracted with chloroform/methanol(2:1), taken to applications for the present compositions, they may also be dryneSS, and resuspended in chloroform. Samples are chro beneficially combined with other active agents which are matographed on HPTLC and their lipid composition visu used for skin treatment(both cosmetic and pharmaceutical), alized by degradative charring (Melnick et al., J. Invest. or which are routinely applied topically. Examples of Such Dermatol 92:231–234, 1989) active agents which may be usefully combined with cafestol B. Comparison of cafestol activity with coffee bean oil or kahweol include, but are not limited to, those that improve activity. To compare the lipid enhancing activity of cafestol or eradicate age spots, keratoses and wrinkles, analgesics, with that of coffee bean oil, living skin models are treated anesthetics, anti-acne agents, antibacterials, antiyeast over a period of five days with increasing amounts of agents, antifungal agents, antiviral agents, antidandruff cafestol acetate in a range from 0.01 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml. A agents, antidermatitis agents, antipruritic agents, 35 parallel set of living skin Squares is also tested with a Sample antiemetics, antimotion SickneSS agents, anti-inflammatory of coffee bean oil (Robeco). At the end of the incubation agents, antihyperkeratolytic agents, anti-dry skin agents, period, each skin Square is homogenized and its lipids antiperSpirants, antipsoriatic agents, antiseborrheic agents, extracted in chloroform/methanol (2:1). This is followed by hair conditioners and hair treatment agents, antiaging agents, TLC analysis. Ceramides are identified by degradative char antiw rinkle agents, antia Sthmatic agents and 40 ring and comparison to ceramide Standards. Densitometric bronchodilators, Sunscreen agents, antihistamine agents, analysis of the TLC plate is carried out with an Optimas Skin lightening agents, depigmenting agents, Wound-healing BioScan. agents, Vitamins, corticosteroids, tanning agents, or hor C. Histology. To determine the histological effect of cafestol mones. More specific examples of useful active agents application to living skin, Skin Squares are treated as include retinoids, topical cardiovascular agents, 45 described above; at the end of the incubation period, Samples clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconozole, griseofulvin, are fixed, Sectioned and Stained with hematoxylin/eosin. hydroxy Zine, diphenhydramine, pramoxine, lidocaine, procaine, mepivacaine, monobenzone, erythromycin, II. Living Skin Models-results tetracycline, clindamycin, meclocyline, hydroquinone, Two dose-dependent experiments are carried out on two minocycline, naproxen, ibuprofen, theophylline, cromolyn, 50 separate batches of living skin models. The HPTLC results albuterol, retinoic acid, 13-cis retinoic acid, hydrocortisone, from both experiments clearly show a Selective increase in hydrocortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 17-Valerate, ceramides as a function of dose. Also, the time-dependent hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, betamethasone Valerate, experiment clearly shows the presence of ceramides after betamethasone diproprionate, DHEA and derivatives only one day of application, reaching maximum concentra thereof, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, clobetasol, 55 tions after three days (FIG. 1). proprionate, benzoyl peroxide, crotamiton, propranolol, The comparative testing with coffee bean oil confirm the promethazine, Vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin E acetate and original results, showing a dose-dependent increase in cera mixtures thereof. The amount of active agent to be used in mide production in the cafestol-treated skin (FIG. 2) The any given formulation is readily determined in accordance densitometric Scan of the TLC plate reveal a pattern con with its usual dosage. 60 sistent with this finding. However, coffee bean oil, which The method and frequency of application of the compo contains cafestol acetate, appears to increase ceramides only Sitions will vary depending upon the form of the composi very slightly (FIG. 3). Histological analysis of the treated tion and nature of the condition to be treated or prevented. Samples shows a clear increase in Stratum corneum, indi AS to method for application, the composition will generally cating that the treatment actually induces Stratum corneum be applied in the same manner as one would apply other 65 differentiation, an assumption further borne out by the compositions of the same type and form, e.g., as a cream or increase in ceramides, which are known to be lotion to be applied for moisturizing the skin. AS to differentiation-Specific. US 6,716,437 B1 7 8 III. Clinical Studies on Human Skin-materials and IV. Clinical Studies on Human Skin-results Methods A. Measure of ceramide levels on human skin. Thin layer A. Determination of cafestol activity on lipid production. An chromatography shows that arms which receive cafestol initial test on a single individual indicates that ceramide I is treatment have increased levels of ceramide I in four of the elevated when cafestol is applied directly to Skin over the five Subjects, although intensity varies among Subjects. In course of three days. A Short clinical Study, consisting of five addition, the Subject which does not show an increase in Subjects, is then carried out under the same conditions in ceramide I shows an increase in ceramide IV. B. Barrier Strength measurements. Barrier Strength is evalu order to test the ability of cafestol acetate to raise ceramide ated by challenging the Skin with tape Stripping and mea levels. At Zero time, ethanol washes are performed in order suring the water evaporation (WE). To describe the experi to remove stratum corneum lipids from both arms. Cafestol mental data, curve fitting Linear Regression Analysis based acetate, prepared in ethanol at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, on least-Square method is performed on each individual’s is applied twice a day with a pump Spray to the right Volar data and the number of tape Strippings required to reach a forearm. As a control, ethanol is applied at the correspond WE of 18 g/sq m/hr is recorded for each visit. The number ing site at the left arm. On day three, Stratum corneum lipids of tape Strippings required to perturb the barrier is a measure are again removed and both Zero time and day three lipids 15 of its strength. from both arms are evaluated by thin layer chromatography Based on this assessment, the group using the cafestol as described above. acetate showed a 10% and a 38% increase in barrier strength B. Effect of cafestol on skin barrier function. Ten healthy after 5 and 10 days of treatment, the cafestol palmitate female subjects, between the ages of 25-45. with normal shows an 8% and a 43% increase and the placebo-treated skin on their forearms are tested in this study. The Subjects group shows a 3% and 7% increase. FIG. 4 Summarizes do not use any treatment or cosmetic products on the day of these results. testing. They acclimate in the environmental room at 40% The rate of repair is monitored on the Stripped sites for relative humidity and 70 F. for 20 minutes before their three days. The percent increase in TEWL and its recovery baseline measurements are recorded. They are then ran are calculated at baseline, and after 5 and 10 days of domly assigned to one of two treatment groups. 25 treatment. These results do not show any change in the rate of barrier repair with treatment. Group I (n=5) receives treatment containing cafestol at What is claimed is: 0.1% to use on one arm and a placebo to use on the other 1. A method for increasing lipid Synthesis in human skin arm. Group II (n+5) uses a treatment containing 0.2% which comprises applying to the Skin, for a time Sufficient to cafestol palmitate on one arm and a treatment containing increase lipid Synthesis, an effective amount of cafestol or 0.1% cafestol acetate on the other arm. The subjects self kahweol. administer the treatment twice a day on the lower part of 2. The method of claim 1 in which the lipid is a ceramide. their Volar forearms except on the day of testing. 3. The method of claim 2 in which the lipid is Ceramide A five cm by two cm are is marked using a template on I or Ceramide IV. the lower inner forearm and initial water evaporation mea 4. The method of claim 1 in which a cafestol or kahweol Surements are taken in three separate spots approximately 1 35 ester is applied. cm apart in a row. Five cm of the cello-tape is placed on the 5. The method of claim 4 in which the ester is acetate, skin in the outlined area, Starting from the top and after one palmitate, linoleate, Stearate or eicosanoate. firm Stroke in each direction is removed by gently pulling in 6. The method of claim 1 in which both cafestol and a downward direction parallel to the Skin. The procedure is kahweol are applied. repeated and water evaporation is measured after every five 40 7. A method for improving human skin condition which to ten Strips until the barrier is broken, as indicated by a comprises applying to the skin, for a time Sufficient to minimum water evaporation of 18 g/sq m hr on one of the increase lipid Synthesis, a topical composition comprising as three spots. The subjects transepidermal water loss (TEWL) an active component an effective amount of cafestol or is monitored on the challenged sites after 1, 2 and 3 days in kahweol, or a combination thereof, in combination with a order to measure the ability of the skin to repair itself. After 45 cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 5 and 10 days of product treatment, the above procedure is 8. A method for the treatment or prevention of human dry repeated under the Same test conditions on an adjacent new skin conditions which comprises applying to the skin, for a Site. time Sufficient to increase lipid Synthesis, a topical compo TEWL is measured with the Servo Med Evaporimeter, Sition comprising as an active component an effective fitted with a chimney and gauze. The Subjects are in a 50 relaxed inclined position, and are not allowed to converse or amount of cafestol or kahweol, or a combination thereof, in get eXcited. TEWL is recorded automatically using the combination with a cosmetically or pharmaceutically Dia-Stron computer program Set at a 30 Second data acqui acceptable carrier. Sition time and a 15 Second plateau.