SDSN Connected and Committed to Northern Sustainable Development Europe
Publication 2017:1 Oceans Solutions Report SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 2 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 3 Sustainable Development
Get inspired to act Introduction
This report is created to inspire you to act – Our oceans are key to well-being and social and act to reach Sustainable Development Goal No. economic development worldwide. At present, 14: Life Below Water – Conserve and sustainably as much as 40% of our oceans are heavily use the oceans, seas and marine resources for affected by human activities. They are polluted, sustainable development. The report showcases overfished, and contaminated with plastics. solutions from Northern Europe to show that Now, let us join forces to figure out how to a sustainable use of our oceans is not very far reverse the current in a sustainable direction! away. Enjoy!
Key facts about oceans Together for sustainable solutions – Three is the magic number for oceans: who are we? • Three quarters of Earth’s surface is cov- The Sustainable Development Solutions ered by oceans. Network (SDSN) Northern Europe is an • Three billion people depend on marine action-oriented network focusing on and coastal biodiversity for their liveli- mobilizing Nordic scientific and techno- hoods. logical expertise to solve problems and • Three billion people depend on the create a more sustainable society. oceans as their primary source of pro- tein, making oceans the world’s largest The Maritime Cluster of West Sweden is a source of protein. network for collaboration on innovation- • Thirty percent of the CO produced by 2 and knowledge-based blue growth for the humans is absorbed by oceans, buffer- maritime sector in western Sweden. ing the impacts of global warming. Together, we are joining forces to pro- Oceans are the key driver of global sys- mote innovative solutions to meet the tems that make Earth a comfortable place challenges of our oceans. We do this by to live. creating this report and getting together at the Solution Initiative Forum (SIF) The UN Ocean Conference Oceans on May 16, 2017 in Gothenburg, The timing of this report is of course no Sweden. coincidence. Sweden and Fiji are co-host- ing the high-level United Nations Ocean SIF Oceans is an action-oriented event Conference in New York 5– 9 June 2017, where entrepreneurs, industry, investors, aiming to reverse the decline in the health researchers, and decision makers come of our oceans, for the sake of people, the together to identify and promote solutions planet, and prosperity. The UN Ocean to challenges connected to our oceans. Oceans Solutions Report Conference will be solution-focused At this event, this report is handed over May 2017, Gothenburg, Sweden with engagement from a lot of different to the Swedish Minister for International Main editors: Rebecka H. Jorquera, Anna Nordén stakeholders. This report contributes to Development Cooperation and Climate Contact: [email protected] the preparation of solutions to save our and Deputy Prime Minister Isabella Lövin, Sustainable Development Solutions Network oceans. as part of the preparatory work for the Northern Europe, SDSN NE, in collaboration UN Ocean Conference. with the Maritime Cluster of West Sweden Publication number: 2017:1 SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 4 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 5 Sustainable Development
Martin Eriksson PhD in Environmental Science from the University of Gothenburg in Advisory Panel Sweden and researcher at the Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology. Martin has been involved All the solutions comprised in this report have in various research projects assessing effects and risks of pollution and gone through a self-evaluation of their impact chemical contamination of marine ecosystems. He also teaches about marine ecosystems and environmental effects of contamination. in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – a so-called SDG Impact Pierre Ingmarsson Assessment. The Advisory Panel took part in MSc in Mechanical Engineering from Luleå Technical University. Pierre the review of submissions and gave feedback gained extensive experience from the automotive industry before to the solution owners regarding their replies entering the ocean energy sector where he has worked in areas rang- ing from a mechanical engineer to a project manager. Today Pierre in the self-evaluation. The focus has been works at the Research Institute of Sweden (RISE) and is contributing on the learning process of going through an to building a new industrial sector via strategic and technical research SDG impact assessment, especially to learn to projects. reflect holistically about potential effects of the solutions on the SDGs. The Advisory Panel Claes Eskilsson Senior researcher in marine hydrodynamics at Chalmers University of consisted of the following members: Technology. Claes has worked in the field of computational hydrody- namics since 1999, mainly with applications for wave propagation and transformation. In the last 5 years, he has focused on marine renew- ables. Claes is currently involved in several national and international projects on modeling of floating wave energy converters and serves on the technical committee of the European Wave and Tidal Energy Anna Nordén Conference. PhD in Environmental and Behavioral Economics and program man- ager of SDSN Northern Europe with many years of experience in sustainable development research. Anna has special expertise on dif- Susanne Lindegarth ferent aspects of environmental policy instruments and their relation to PhD in Zoophysiology with a specialization in marine aquaculture. human behavior and decision making. She has led projects on policy Susanne works as project coordinator at the Centre for Sea and design for national parks and the Payment for Ecosystem Services Society at the University of Gothenburg, where she shares her time (PES) program in Costa Rica as well as an evaluation of forest certifica- between the Swedish Mariculture Research Centre (SWEMARC) and tion schemes in Sweden. the Maritime Cluster in West Sweden.
Rebecka H. Jorquera Bethanie Carney Almroth Master of Science in International Administration and Global Govern- PhD in Ecotoxicology. Bethanie works as a lecturer and researcher at ance from the University of Gothenburg and project manager at the the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University Centre for Environment and Sustainability. Rebecka has studied in Tan- of Gothenburg. Her teaching focus is in the area of zoophysiology, zania and Italy and has completed internships at the Swedish Ministry while her research focuses on the effects of environmental pollution on for Foreign Affairs in Stockholm, UN ESCAP in Bangkok, as well as at marine and aquatic fish species. Bethanie has studied a wide range of UN DESA in New York, where she followed negotiations for Agenda environmental problems, including oils spills, sewage effluent, endo- 2030. crine-disrupting compounds, global warming, and ocean acidification. Her current research projects aim to understand the release, spread, and fate of microplastics in the environment and include studies of the Jessica Hjerpe Olausson physiological effects of microplastics and associated environmental MSc in Marine Science from the University of Otago, New Zealand chemicals in fish. and senior maritime expert, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. Jessica has worked with various aspects of management in the marine environment such as fisheries management in West Africa and co- management of fisheries in Sweden. She has participated in HELCOM and ICES working groups and has also worked with R&D in shipping. Currently, she is heading the Maritime Cluster of West Sweden as an employee of Region Västra Götaland, with a special responsibility for regional development in the maritime sector. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 6 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 7 Sustainable Development
Solutions
This report contains some of the available solutions from Northern Europe, focusing on four ocean-related challenges. The solutions show that a sustainable use of our oceans is not very far away.
Challenges 5. Be holistic: the solutions should take • Marine Litter – Solutions focusing on all the SDGs into consideration in an collecting, recycling, and replacing SDG Impact Assessment. plastic with other materials. 6. Be scalable: the solutions and the • Smart and Clean Energy for All – company must have the potential to Solutions focusing on marine renewable perform well after expanding in scope, energy such as sea current, wave, and size, and/or geographically. tidal energies, as well as reducing greenhouse emissions from shipping. SDG Impact Assessment • Finding Sustainable Protein Sources – As part of a learning process, the solution Solutions focusing on production of owners have been invited to go through marine food for humans and livestock. a self-evaluation of the impact of their • Marine Pollution – Solutions focusing on solutions on the Sustainable Development reducing emissions of environmental Goals (SDGs), i.e., an SDG Impact Assess- pollutants. ment. In a next step, the Advisory Panel has provided feedback on the submitted Which selection criteria self-evaluations. The sections in this have been used? report that concern solutions are based Solutions have been selected based on six on the replies received from the solution criteria. The solutions should: owners in the self-evaluation. 1. Be linked to one (or more) of the four challenges at SIF Oceans. The solutions relate to the SDGs in dif- 2. Together highlight a broad range of ferent ways, depending on approach. In examples of innovative solutions from this report, each solution is dealt with Northern Europe. The aim is not to be in a separate section where all impacts comprehensive but rather to reflect are presented in table form while the the wide spectrum of solutions that are four main impacts are explained in more available. detail. However, what the solutions do 3. Be readily available and have over- have in common is their impact on SDG come initial barriers. 14: Life Below Water – Conserve and sus- 4. Be transformative: the solutions tainably use the oceans, seas and marine should have the potential to move resources for sustainable development, society towards sustainability. although in different ways. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 8 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 9 Sustainable Development
Chapter 1: Marine Litter SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 10 SDSN NE Chapter 1: Marine Litter 11
Marine Litter
This section presents solutions focusing on collection and recycling of marine litter as well as replacing plastic with other materials. Let 80% An estimated 80% of marine litter consists of us start with a look at the challenge of marine plastic materials, in line with increases in plas- litter and the potential effects on people, the tic production from less than 2 million metric planet and prosperity. tons in 1950 to 322 million metric tons in 2015.
What is the challenge? environment. Numerous studies have are also difficult to isolate and quantify, sociated chemicals are known endocrine Marine littering is a global problem documented deaths of approximately yet some estimates are indeed available. disruptors and may as such give rise affecting both industrial and developing 700 species of marine animals resulting The impacts are generally discussed in to numerous diseases. The total cost of nations, and a majority of the waste is from ingestion of plastics including plastic terms of shipping, tourism, fisheries, and diseases caused by endocrine-disrupting made up of plastics. Marine plastic pollu- bags, ropes, bottle caps, and lighters. Lost human health, and the costs are usually chemicals, a grouping which comprises tion originates from both land-based and or discarded fishing equipment will con- calculated based on the expenses associ- many plastics chemicals, is estimated to marine sources and is generally divided tinue to indeterminately kill animals via ated with removing debris (e.g., from boat be 1% of the gross domestic product in the into two categories: macroplastics and entanglement, trapping, and drowning. propellers, beaches, etc.) and repairing EU and 2.33% in the U.S. (or $340 billion). microplastics (less than 5 mm in size). Microplastics have been found to be taken damages caused by the litter. In Asia-Pa- Macroplastics stem from a wide range up by numerous organisms ranging from cific regions, plastic debris is estimated to Solutions to the challenge of products used in society, including zooplankton and shellfish to large preda- cost marine industries €1 billion annually. The many challenges in mitigating these building materials, fishing equipment, tory fish species. Observed effects include The UNEP, however, calculated that the problems span across international packaging materials, and various con- changes in metabolism and fat storage, costs of pollutions to marine ecosystems boundaries and require action from a sumer items. Microplastics are in turn inflammatory responses, reproductive from the current use of plastic in con- multitude of actors and sectors in soci- divided into two subgroups: primary effects and behavioral changes. sumer goods reaching approximately ety, including initiatives from legislative microplastics, which are small in size at €12.1 billion. As mentioned above, plas- bodies, improved industrial practices, the time of production and use, and sec- The main exposure routes in humans for tics cause a large number of deaths of changes in consumer behavior, and indi- ondary microplastics, which are derived plastics-associated chemicals are likely marine organisms every year, with often vidual efforts. We also need to reduce from the weathering and fragmentation a result of ubiquitous use of plastics in unknown effects on the ecosystem. The the input of waste, improve the waste of larger plastic debris. Sources of pri- daily life. There is an increasing concern number of deaths is difficult to quantify disposal and recycling practices, and mary microplastics include plastic pellets regarding the importance of microplastics (numbers around 1,000,000 are often intensify the environmental remediation. from industrial production, abrasives, as vectors for chemicals in the marine cited) and the value of these lives has particles in cosmetics, dust emissions food web. The extent of this problem never been estimated. Lost revenues in from roads and tires, and fibers from syn- from a human health perspective remains the recreation and tourism sector due to thetic textiles. Once it enters the marine unknown. marine plastic litter have been estimated, environment, plastic litter can travel though mainly based on the cost of beach great distances, where lighter, less dense Quantifying the challenge cleanup and not lost revenue. Marine materials accumulate in ocean gyres or An estimated 80% of marine litter consists litter also impacts aquaculture industries, on beaches and heavier pieces sink to the of plastic materials, in line with increases including both finfish and shellfish farm- ocean floor. in plastic production from less than 2 ing, and the cost of the damage has been million metric tons in 1950 to 322 million estimated to €156,000 per year in Scotland. What are the potential effects on metric tons in 2015. While it is difficult people, the planet, and prosperity if to know how much plastic reaches the There are also potential costs of marine we do not solve this challenge? marine environment, a recent report plastic pollution to human health, though Macroplastics have severe and well places estimates at 12.2 million tons per these concerns are mainly associated documented effects on the marine year. The economic impacts of the litter with plastic additives. Many plastics-as- SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 12 SDSN NE Chapter 1: Marine Litter 13
Reused Remade Goals
Founder: Pia Walter and Josephine Alhanko Ljungberg Place of implementation: We are a Swedish start-up company with a focus on turning discarded hotel linen into carry bags. At present, Sweden is our main market. However, our aim is to export our business idea. Partners involved: Rikstvätt AB, supplier of the material. “Project Konfektion 4.0”, Marketplace Borås, development of an automated production process. SleepWell, member of the advisory board. Contact: Pia Walter, [email protected] Find out more at: www.reusedremade.com
Solution Sustainable Development Goals Reused Remade is an innovative Swedish Reused Remade will contribute to SDG 6: company with a patent-pending method of Clean Water and Sanitation. By reusing turning linen into carry bags in order to: existing textiles, our solution reduces 1. Reduce the need and use of plastic bags. the need for cotton, which saves water 2. Increase resource efficiency by prolong- and reduces the need for pesticides. The ing the lifecycle of existing textiles. hotel linen is often mixed with polyester 3. Decrease the need for production of (50/50), a material made from crude oil. new textiles. 4. Develop an international business Estimated yearly hotel linen waste in Swe- model that combines economies of den is 200,000 kg, which is equivalent to: countries with regions struggling with through our products and communication. scales in the production, marketing, 1. 1,200 million–3,600 million liters of high unemployment rates. Reused Remade will furthermore contrib- and sales with local procurement and fresh water. Postive impact on: ute to SDG 14: Life Below Water, by: labor. 2. Up to 120,000 kg of pesticides used in Goal 6: Clean Water and By creating new job opportunities and 1. Developing efficient production pro- conventional cotton production. Sanitation Goal 8: Decent Work increasing resource efficiency by extend- cesses in a local market by producing Our aim is to develop a cost-efficient 3. 32,000 liters of crude oil. and Economic Growth ing the life cycle of existing textiles, our carry bags of discarded hotel bed linen production that, in combination with mar- Goal 9: Industry, Innova- solution contributes to sustainable eco- as a substitute for plastic bags. tion and Infrastructure keting and local, national, and global SDGs Note: Our calculations are based on sta- nomic development. 2. Reducing plastic bags in our environ- Goal 12: Responsible (Agenda 2030) as well as with a growing tistics from Statistics Sweden regarding Consumption and Pro- ment, which will decrease the risk of consumer consciousness, will allow us number and average use of beds as well duction Reused Remade will contribute to SDG 12: the plastic bags polluting our oceans. to develop a competitive product with a as information from laundry service com- Goal 14: Life Below Responsible Consumption and Production, 3. Reusing already produced textiles, Water capacity to compete with plastic bags. panies about the lifespan of bed linens. because the solution: which reduces the need for new tex- 1. Reduces the need for and use of plastic tiles. This in turn will reduce both Next steps Reused Remade will also contribute bags. the use of fresh water and pollution 1. Find the financial resources to develop to SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic 2. Increases resource efficiency by of water resources due to the use of an automated production process in Growth. Our aim is to develop a busi- extending the life cycle of existing pesticides in conventional cotton cul- order to find the most cost-efficient ness model based on the company’s core textiles. tivation. solution. values of sustainability and equality that 3. Decreases the need for production of 4. Reducing the need for crude oil in pol- 2. Develop a recycling system for the can be implemented globally in areas new textiles. yester production. bags. with a significant tourism and visitors 3. Find cooperation with large general industry. Some of these areas are located We also contribute to more responsible retailers in order to develop volumes. in developing countries or in developed consumption by educating the consumer SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 14 SDSN NE Chapter 1: Marine Litter 15
Nofir Goals
Founder: Øistein Aleksandersen (CEO of Nofir) Place of implementation: We focus our activity in Europe. From 2011 to 2016 we collected 26,315 tons of discarded equipment from 4 continents: Asia, Africa, America, and Europe. Partners involved: Healthy Seas–NGO founded by ECNC Group, Aquafil Group, and Star Sock. Fishing For Litter Initiative–in 2015 Nofir became part of Fishing for Litter in Norway. Nofir is also an associate partner of Circular Ocean and collaborates with the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries. Contact: Martyna Zajder, [email protected] Find out more at: www.nofir.no
Solution Sustainable Development Goals Nofir is a leader in collecting discarded Nofir will contribute to SDG 4:Quality equipment from fishing and fish farming. Education, by educating people about We have a global presence: From 2011 to marine litter and plastic pollution. We 2016, Nofir collected 26,300 tons of mate- use both traditional education (talking to rial from around the world. The collection people, participating in panel discussions, cycle begins with locating companies, conferences etc.) and modern education fishermen, and fish farmers who need to (using social media and marketing tools) dispose of fishing equipment. The equip- to get our message out. ment is then transported to a factory in ment going into landfills, incineration, dumped at sea or burned, with negative Lithuania or Turkey, where it is disman- Nofir will also contribute to SDG 12: or ending at sea. environmental consequences. By collect- tled and prepared for recycling. Nofir has Responsible Consumption and Production. Postive impact on: • Reduced carbon footprint by 3.6 kg CO2 ing discarded fishing equipment, Nofir teamed up with a large number of local Our conversion of old equipment to new Goal 1: No Poverty emission compared to producing new helps reduce the amount of plastics that recycling companies for processing of the products has a positive environmental Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being fishing equipment. go to landfill and incineration plants. collected material. This way, we not only impact by: Goal 4: Quality keep fishing nets from being lost at sea • Reducing the consumption of new raw Education By collecting discarded equipment from Most of the collected equipment is sent Goal 8: Decent but also help create new, valuable prod- materials fishermen and fish farmers, we keep nets to Aquafil, a recycling plant in Slove- Work and ucts like clothes, furniture, and carpets. • Reducing energy usage Economic Growth from ending up as ghost nets in the sea, nia. At Aquafil, old fishing nets become • Reducing air pollution (from incin- Goal 12: Responsible killing thousands of animals. We also ECONYL® yarn, a high-quality fiber used Nofir was the first Norwegian company eration) and water pollution (from Consumption and cooperate with organizations such as in the production of for example socks, to receive support through the EU Eco landfilling) Production Goal 13: Climate Action Healthy Seas and Ghost Fishing, which carpets, swimwear, clothes and garden Innovation Initiative. In 2015, Nofir was Goal 14: Life Below specialize in recovering ghost nets from furniture. According to company data, 1 mentioned as an example of successful We use life-cycle assessment (LCA) to Water the bottom of the sea. Thus, Nofir will con- ton of recycled fishing equipment can be Nordic Business in the publication Move calculate relevant environmental impacts Goal 15: Life on Land tribute to SDG14: Life Below Water. converted to around 26,000 pairs of socks towards Circular Economy. of our collection and processing of equip- or 1,000 m2 of new carpet. ment. The effects of Nofir’s recycling Nofir will also contribute to SDG 15:Life Next steps include: on Land. The discarding of equipment Our strategy is to penetrate new geo- • Reduced use of non-renewable used in fisheries and fish farming has long graphical markets such as North America resources. For each kg of plastics re- been identified as problematic. One exam- and Australia and to continue developing cycled, 1.7 kg of oil is saved. ple is the disposal of fishing nets. They our recycling solutions. • Reducing the amount of fishing equip- often end up in landfills or may even be SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 16 SDSN NE Chapter 1: Marine Litter 17
FF Norden Goals Smögen
Founder: FF Norden/Sixten Soederberg Place of implementation: Coastal fishing with trawlers and recycling of fishing gears. Partners involved: Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Sveriges Fiskares Riksförbund (SFR; Swedish national association of fishermen). Region Västra Götaland. Sotenäs municipality. WWF Sweden. Contact: Thord Görling or Sixten Söderberg, [email protected] or [email protected] Find out more at: www.ffnorden.se
Solution Sustainable Development Goals FF Norden, an association owned by fish- FF Norden Smögen will contribute to SDG ermen on the island of Smögen, serves as 3: Good Health and Well-being. Less plastic a center for the development of selective material in the water means less harm- gear, primarily for coastal fisheries, and ful pollution in the form of hazardous reception of discarded fishing equipment, microplastics. plastic waste, and abandoned nets found at sea. The trawls we develop require less energy, and the recycling of material We develop and produce selective trawls also saves energy, contributing to SDG 7: Postive impact on: with an aim to increase compliance with Affordable and Clean Energy. Goal 2: Zero Hunger the new rules surrounding the EU discard Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being ban. Trawl bindery is a unique craft with Recycling of plastics reduces the amount Goal 7: Affordable and an overall goal of catching the biggest fish of new materials produced, and sustaina- Clean Energy possible while letting smaller fish pass ble fishing with our trawls save the small Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Pro- through the mesh and back into the sea to fish resources for future use. The activi- duction grow. The new trawls refine the selectivity ties will therefore contribute to SDG 12: Goal 13: Climate Action even further. Responsible Consumption and Production. Goal 14: Life Below Water As for the collection and recycling of used FF Norden Smögen will also have a pos- equipment, FF Norden wants to further itive impact in relation to SDG 14: Life develop the collection system to be able Below Water, as its selective trawls reduce to offer a service that is both efficient and over-fishing. The removal of ghost nets attractive to fishermen. reduces both unnecessary fish deaths and leads to less plastic waste in the oceans. Next steps Financing, partnerships, and information/ education will be important in order to scale up our project. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 18 SDSN NE Chapter 1: Marine Litter 19
Ren och Attraktiv Goals Kust / Clean and Attractive Coast
Founder: Ulrika Marklund, Elsie Hellström, Anna Skrapste Place of implementation: Along the Swedish west coast 11 municipalities (starting from north at the Norwegian border): Strömstad, Tanum, Sotenäs, Lysekil, Orust, Uddevalla, Tjörn, Stenungsund, Öckerö, Kungälv, and Gothenburg. Partners involved: University of Gothenburg. County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland. Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management. Clean Coastline (Interreg project) (Ren Kustlinje). Keep Sweden Tidy (Håll Sverige Rent) Clean Up Sweden (Städa Sverige). Contact: Ulrika Marklund, [email protected] Find out more at: www.renkust.se
Solution in beach cleaning. We also support the Clean and Attractive Coast’s project aims municipalities in their work to organize to reduce the amount of marine debris the removal of marine litter. land and in rivers and streams. We want and then mistaken for food by marine through information and effective beach to increase the awareness among people creatures (and as a result, they may end cleaning solutions. It focuses on commu- Next steps Postive impact on: in our region about what they can do to up on our dinner plate). nication between the municipalities to Goal 3: Good Health reduce the amount of plastic debris. Edu- Our focus will be on cooperating with and Well-being raise awareness and put marine debris on Baltic and other European countries to Goal 4: Quality cating people about the importance of the Similarly, less plastic littering on our the agenda. An important part of the pro- reduce the amount of plastics that start Education problems plastics in the wrong environ- beaches will also contribute to SDG 15: ject is also to encourage and support the out on land and end up in the oceans. Goal 12: Responsible ment can cause is of utmost importance. Life on Land. Less plastic material on Consumption and public and involved volunteers. the beaches keeps birds and marine Production Sustainable Development Goals Goal 14: Life Below Convincing people to choose more envi- mammals from eating plastics or getting Water Public awareness is raised for example The solution will contribute to SDG 4: ronmentally friendly products and use trapped, saving them from devastating Goal 15: Life on Land through campaign sailing, article writing, Quality Education. The project has co-ar- less plastics will also contribute to SDG 12: harm. and presence in social media. The project ranged an international exhibit titled Out Responsible Consumption and Production. has also launched a campaign called Don’t to Sea. In addition, we have created edu- Tell the Children, www.donttellthechildren. cational material for both children and The solution will also have an impact com adults, co-produced a movie (Strömmar with respect to SDG 14: Life Below Water, av plast), and arranged a number of activ- for example by spreading awareness of We decrease the amount of marine litter ities for both big and small groups. how washing fleece emits microplastic on beaches and, as a result, the amount of particles into the oceans and how less microplastics in the marine environment. The awareness of where the plastic debris plastic debris on our beaches means less originates has increased. In fact, 85% of microplastics in the oceans. When plastics Our project includes an interactive map to a large number of people interviewed are exposed to sunlight, wind, and water, make it easier for volunteers to take part know that it comes from waste thrown on they are broken down into microplastics SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 20 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 21 Sustainable Development
Chapter 2: Smart and Clean Energy for All SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 22 SDSN NE Chapter 2: Smart and Clean Energy for All 23
Smart and Clean Energy for All This section presents solutions focusing on 200 Quantifying the challenge The European Marine Energy Center marine renewable energy such as sea current, Ocean energy production is still in its lists over 200 wave energy and almost wave, and tidal energies, as well as reducing infancy and is characterized by a wide 100 tidal power developers. Of these, greenhouse emissions from shipping. Let us range of devices based on widely differ- 46 wave and 39 tidal power developers have reached open-water testing. start with a look at the challenge of smart and ent technologies. The European Marine Energy Center lists over 200 wave energy clean energy for all and the potential effects on and almost 100 tidal power developers. people, the planet and prosperity. Of these, 46 wave and 39 tidal power developers have reached open-water test- ing. For wave energy, the devices range from small point absorbers deployed in large arrays to multi-body attenuators and large-scale overtopping terminators, all with different methods for energy To provide monitoring guidance and/ What is the challenge? can be generated at different times. If harvesting. The lack of design consensus or elucidate interactions sufficiently to Ocean energy technologies can contribute the clean energy sector, of which ocean hampers the short-term development. As reduce monitoring requirements a clear to the world’s future sustainable energy energy is a part, is not able to tackle the pointed out earlier, the challenges facing indication of additional strategic research supply and reduce the dependence challenges, we will most likely not reach ocean energy harvesting are similar to is needed. Finally, reasonable costs on fossil fuels, thereby lowering CO2 the 2-degree target and its potential. those for offshore wind power. Another estimates for routine monitoring and emissions. The challenges facing ocean Ocean resources have to be tapped locally, key challenge is to ensure reliability and methods and pathways for further effi- energy harvesting are similar to those which means that ocean energy farms longevity of the energy converters. ciencies and cost reductions in the future associated with offshore wind power: and power plants have to be deployed in also need more attention. high costs relative to energy production coastal areas, some of which have suf- Solutions to the challenge methods and difficulties related to grid fered economic downturn in recent years. Environment – The development and Technology – To reach the stage where connections, engagement of a dedicated The development of ocean energy pro- deployment of demonstration and ocean energy technologies can be rolled supply chain, and labor and operations in duction will breathe new life into existing pre-commercial devices, arrays, and out industrially and to truly reap the hostile marine environments. Estimation port and marine infrastructure and com- plants will provide a key opportunity rewards of Europe’s early investments, of capital costs (CAPEX) and operating plement Europe’s regional growth agenda. to validate predicted environmental the technologies need to transition from costs (OPEX) remains cumbersome due After wind and solar, a new generation impacts. From the developer’s perspec- R&D and prototypes to demonstration to the plethora of diverse technologies, of renewables must be developed to tive, a standardized structure for project and a pre-commercial phase. Technology most of which are still immature and reach the full decarbonization potential. monitoring should be established, focus- demonstration and validation is funda- have not been implemented large-scale or Installation of 300GW capacity world- ing on likely environmental impacts and mental to the sector’s development as for a sufficiently long time. Consequently, wide would secure the energy supply seeking to advance projects by means of commercial lenders and financiers are and reduce CO emissions by 500 million investors and technology developers have 2 a risk-based approach. Enhancing knowl- often reluctant to invest in unproven or to extrapolate data from other industries tons by decreasing the need for fossil edge of the marine environment is crucial little understood technologies. to predict future cost trends, including fuel. Globally, the ocean energy market is to better inform plans and achieve more technology readiness levels and learning estimated to reach €53 billion in annual efficient licensing. To enhance knowledge Financial risk handling – For ocean energy curves. More reliable cost information can value by 2050. It is also predicted to gen- regarding environmental impact there development to move forward in a sus- be derived from studying the likely mat- erate 680,000 jobs along coastlines and in is a need for a standardized framework tainable manner, the current practices uration pathways of currently immature remote areas. From a Nordic standpoint, for data collection that would be adapt- in the areas of consenting and licensing, technologies to commercial availability. a high level of renewables already in the able to meet differing regulatory needs planning, and research and monitoring system and only minor resources needed and legislative requirements in differ- must be reviewed and enhanced. Crea- What could the potential effects on for deployment make this an innovation ent nations and regions. Furthermore, tion of an Investment Support Fund for people, the planet, and prosperity be and export opportunity just like many mechanisms for funding research across ocean energy farms: The EU and national if we do not solve this challenge? other technologies coming out of the international boundaries to ensure that authorities should create an investment Ocean energy is complementary to other Nordic countries. the most efficient studies are carried out support fund for the provision of flexible forms of renewable energy generation, in the most appropriate locations with the capital and to enable further leveraging of such as wind and solar, as the electricity complement of experienced researchers. private capital. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 24 SDSN NE Chapter 2: Smart and Clean Energy for All 25
W4P Goals Waves4Power
Founder: Gunnar Fredrikson and Anders Noren Place of implementation: Runde in Norway. Full scale test and demonstration device. Not a commercial device. Partners involved: Chalmers University of Technology, Runde Environmental Center, Siemens, Parker, Petronas, nkt cables, Olympic Shipping and RISE. Contact: Ulf Lindelöf, [email protected] Find out more at: www.waves4power.com
Solution Green Power EcoSystem will be a com- We are building a new European energy plete solution for fish farms and remote industry that is totally fossil-free and islands, providing the products needed in renewable: wave energy production. The a closed system. green marine energy industry is expected to be the future in energy production for Sustainable Development Goals Europe and the rest of the world. SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, is our primary objective. Wave energy is eter- The WaveEL grid-connected demonstra- nal and can be developed in huge areas tion project for wave power at Runde around the globe. At W4P, we believe that in Norway was launched in February wave energy will become cheaper than 2016 with the installation of the WaveEL land-based wind energy within the next buoy on site. The ocean’s waves harbor 10 years, and the potential wave energy Postive impact on: tremendous amounts of raw energy and production is virtually limitless due to the Goal 6: Clean Water and currently represent the single largest Sanitation sheer size of our oceans. Goal 7: Affordable and untapped source of renewable energy. Clean Energy Converted to electricity – by means of Wave power production will require Goal 8: Decent Work a wave energy converter (WEC), wave local development of industry and will and Economic Growth Goal 9: Industry, Innova- energy could potentially satisfy up to therefore contribute to SDG 9: Industry, tion and Infrastructure one tenth of the current global power Innovation and Infrastructure. Goal 11: Sustainable demand. Cities and Communities Goal 13: Climate Action In the future, a growing share of the Future targets for Europe (European Com- energy mix will come from wave energy, mission figures): implying a contribution to SDG 13: 2050 = 15% from Marine Energy Climate Action. W4P is working on a 2080 = 50% from Marine Energy hydrogen-fueled vessel with hydrogen from wave energy. Next steps The next generation of wave power W4P also have the potential to contributes devices will be built in new materials to SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Commu- and reduce the costs and environmental nities, by providing a source of energy for impacts of production. many cities around the world. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 26 SDSN NE Chapter 2: Smart and Clean Energy for All 27
Resen Waves Goals
Founder: Per Resen Steenstrup Place of implementation: In Denmark, Helligsø. Partners involved: Resen Waves, as a private company, has been the driving force in developing this new technology based on many years of practical experience in wave energy. Contact: Per Resen Steenstrup, [email protected] Find out more at: www.ResenWaves.com
Solution Next steps Resen Waves is the first company in the We will follow the same path in wave world to provide continuous power and energy as that for small wind turbines, real-time data connectivity to autono- by starting with small commercial wave mous instruments and machinery in the energy buoys and over time advance to oceans and replace diesel generation in bigger buoys and eventually megawatt coastal areas and on islands by means of a systems. plug-and-play buoy solution. The impact is small in the early years, but It is now possible to use smart phones it is necessary to go through this period or a web application to access instru- in order to reach a greater impact in the ments that monitor global warming and future. The evolution cannot be rushed. The reduced expenditures on diesel oil Low-cost electricity is essential for desal- the health of the oceans in real time, no This applies to all new production of will pay for the buoys and reduce emis- ination in remote coastal areas. We will matter where the instruments are located renewable energy. Postive impact on: sions of greenhouse gases accordingly. reduce the cost of desalination in these in the big oceans. Power is no longer a Goal 1: No Poverty areas to roughly €.70/m3. This will contrib- Goal 4: Quality limitation. In addition, the buoys have a There are no quick fixes or fast tracks Education The small-scale systems represent a ute to SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. great future potential to replace diesel to success, but only hard work in small Goal 5: Gender Equality market of €50–100 million/year and will generation, which is very costly to island incremental steps. Goal 6: Clean Water save 100,000–200,000 tons of diesel fuel Clean affordable energy is essential for all and Sanitation populations due to the high transporta- annually. The relatively high figures societies, including in remote areas. This Goal 7: Affordable tion costs of diesel fuel. Planned development phases: and Clean Energy include the fuel required for ship opera- is why we will have a positive impact in 1. Small-scale systems in the Goal 11: Sustainable tion to replace batteries and fuel. relation to SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Until now, instruments and machinery 100W–100kW range Cities and Communities Energy. The price of electricity, at this Goal 12: Responsible in the oceans have been powered by 2. Medium-scale systems in the Consumption and Sustainable Development Goals early stage, will be roughly €.35/kWh. batteries or photo-voltaic (PV) or diesel 100kW–1MW range Production According to the World Bank, some house- generators, which require regular ship 3. Large-scale systems in the 1MW–20MW Goal 13: Climate Action holds on islands spend up to 30% of their Resen Waves also works with real time operation to replace batteries or diesel range Goal 14: Life Below monitoring of the oceans, which is essen- Water income on importing diesel oil for gener- fuel and to maintain diesel generators. Goal 17: Partnerships ators, which keeps them in poverty. If a tial to support natural life in the oceans, This is costly and sometimes not even pos- Over the next 10 years, Resen Waves will for the Goals similar figure applied to the wealthy part and will therefore contribute to SDG 14: sible due to difficult weather conditions. only deal with the small- and medium-size of the world, it would throw the world Life Below Water. The buoys also provide The buoys are like small modules that systems with the main aim being to economy into a deep recession. Resen the power needed for real-time trans- are low weight and can be installed from replace diesel generated power in coastal Waves will hence contribute to SDG 1: mission. small local vessels, which is essential in areas and on islands worldwide. No Poverty. the oceans and remote areas. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 28 SDSN NE Chapter 2: Smart and Clean Energy for All 29
Norsepower Goals Oy Ltd
Founder: Tuomas Riski (with co-founders) Place of implementation: Europe Partners involved: Norsepower Oy Ltd with several investors, partners, suppliers, and government organizations. Contact: Tuomas Riski, [email protected] Find out more at: www.norsepower.com
Solution Sustainable Development Goals The Norsepower rotor sail solution is a The solution enables ships to replace part modernized version of the Flettner rotor – of their propulsion power with renewable a spinning cylinder that uses the Magnus wind energy, which decreases the use effect to harness wind power to propel of fossil fuels in shipping. The decrease a ship. When the wind conditions are in fuel consumption is typically 5–20%, favorable, Norsepower rotor sails allow meaning 400 to 1,600 tons of fuel per year. the main engines to be throttled back, It will therefore have a positive impact on saving fuel and reducing emissions while SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. providing the power needed to maintain speed and voyage time. Rotor sails can We are developing the shipping technol- be used with new vessels or retrofitted to ogy by bringing an alternative, new, and existing ships. renewable energy source (auxiliary wind propulsion) to the market, contributing Two small Norsepower Rotor Sails have to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infra- already been installed on the 9,700 DWT structure. Ro-Ro carrier Estraden, and a third-party Postive impact on: analysis by NAPA, the leading maritime Norsepower Oy Ltd will also have a posi- Goal 3: Good Health data analysis, software, and services tive impact in relation to SDG 13: Climate and Well-being Goal 7: Affordable provider, has recorded a 6.1% reduction Action. Our solution reduces all emissions and Clean Energy in fuel consumption, reducing annual from shipping, increases energy efficiency Goal 9: Industry, CO emissions by 1,200 tons. Based on of shipping, and enables the shipping Innovation and 2 Infrastructure these results, we forecast an up to 20% of goods and passengers with a smaller Goal 12: Responsible average reduction in fuel consumption environmental impact. The estimated Consumption and for slow-steaming ships, such as tankers, decrease in fuel consumption corresponds Production fitted with several large rotor sails and to a reduction of CO emissions by 1,200 – Goal 13: Climate Action 2 Goal 14: Life Below sailing on routes with favorable wind 5,000 tons per ship and year. Water conditions. The solution furthermore reduces water Next steps pollution by decreasing the fuel consump- The commercialization of Norsepower’s tion of ships and therefore contributes to technology will be ongoing. Two more SDG 14: Life Below Water. delivery projects have been recently launched with the leading players of the global maritime industry. Please see www. norsepower.com/news for more details. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 30 SDSN NE Chapter 2: Smart and Clean Energy for All 31
Swedish Algae Goals Factory
Founder: Sofie Allert and Angela Wulff Place of implementation: Sweden Partners involved: University of Gothenburg Contact: Sofie Allert, [email protected] Find out more at: www.swedishalgaefactory.com
Solution from a land-based fish farm pilot in the Swedish Algae Factory cultivates a unique Swedish community of Kungshamn. In diatom-type of algae and extracts the this process, CO2 is naturally absorbed nanomaterial that constitutes its shell. and a nutrient- and oil-rich organic bio- When cultivating in the Nordic climates, mass is produced. This organic biomass we use algae that thrive in cold and dark can be utilized to produce more sustaina- climates on the bottom of the sea, but we ble food, feed, fertilizers, and fuel. also have a databank of various species for other climate conditions. For temper- Next steps ature control, we couple ourselves with We are aiming for more technological and fish farms which have a constant temper- market verification that shows that our ature of their water which is optimal also technology works in a commercial setting, for our algae species. as well as financing for the building of Testing Institute) was achieved under efficiency of solar panels, and increased a larger algae cultivation scale that can suboptimal conditions, i.e., there were resource efficiency, by recycling the The nanoporous shell of the algae is produce our products from the algae at a Postive impact on: problems with the particle distribution of nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen from naturally designed to trap light in an Goal 1: No Poverty particles and the concentration of the par- wastewater to sustainably produced food, profitable scale. Goal 2: Zero Hunger extremely efficient way in order to secure Goal 7: Affordable and ticles was too low. Moreover, these tests feed, and fertilizers. its survival, which naturally inhabits Sustainable Development Goals Clean Energy were only performed with perpendicular ocean floors. We have shown that this Goal 8: Decent Work light, whereas internal tests have shown The solution will furthermore contribute Swedish Algae Factory will contribute and Economic Growth material could be utilized to enhance the that non-perpendicular light is preferable. to SDG 13: Climate Action, as the algae to SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. Goal 9: Industry, Innova- efficiency of standard silicon solar panels The reason for this is that the nanoporous naturally absorb CO during growth (2 kg Extracting the material from algae is tion and Infrastructure 2 by at least 4% when added as a film on Goal 11: Sustainable material has a three layer funnel-like CO per kg algae). In addition, recycling cheap and the efficiency enhancement 2 top of the solar panel glass. In tests sched- Cities and Communities structure that traps light from different nutrients in this way reduces the demand will thereby make the solar panel invest- Goal 12: Responsible uled for late spring 2017, we expect to angles and then makes it perpendicular. for conventionally produced, CO -inten- ment more profitable by increasing the Consumption and 2 achieve an even higher efficiency gain, ROI of a solar panel investment. The cost Production sive synthetic fertilizers. Moreover, the Goal 13: Climate Action possibly by 20%. The first tests of a new of our material is expected to be only €.4 In May 2017, the Dutch Research Institute algae contribute to more electricity being solar panel technology (dye sensitized Goal 14: Life Below (ECN) will perform tests with more opti- produced per m2 of solar panel, enabling per m2 of solar panel for an efficiency Water solar cells) indicate an efficiency increase gain of at least 4%. Some coating costs Goal 15: Life on Land mal light and particle conditions. more energy to be derived from a cli- by 60% when incorporating this material. will be added to this figure, but not over mate-neutral energy source. Moreover, the algae-based nanomaterial a price that will lower the ROI of the solar Swedish Algae Factory, with its circular is produced in an extremely environ- panel. The 4% efficiency gain we have business model, will also contribute to Finally, by clearing wastewater from mentally friendly way. The material is seen in externally validated tests (by Rise, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Pro- nitrogen and phosphorus, we reduce presently produced while we treat nitro- formerly SP – The Swedish Government duction. We contribute to both increased eutrophication and hence the solution will gen- and phosphorus-rich wastewater energy efficiency, by improving the contribute to SDG 14: Life Below Water. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 32 SDSN NE Chapter 2: Smart and Clean Energy for All 33
Orust E-boats Goals
Founder: Arne Lindström, Lars Carlsson, Thomas Ivarsson, Elisabet Staf, Lennart Hesser, Ocke & Ted Mannerfelt Place of implementation: Orust, Sweden Partners involved: Design by Mannerfelt Design Team, Production Vindö Marin Orust, Technical Manager Lars Carlsson (Orustengineering), Solid works Mats Hjortberg, Pilot study with Swedish Energy Agency, C-Marine with Fredrik Åkerman, Msc. Naval Architec and Johan Edvardsson, Msc. Naval Architect. Contact: Arne Lindström, [email protected] Find out more at: www.orusteboats.se
Solution Orust e-boats will also contribute to SDG Our solution consists of a lightweight 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastruc- ferry powered by batteries and/or a fuel ture, through investment in waterway cell system. Our sustainable mode of infrastructure. Our sustainable water waterway transportation can increase net transport development facilitates income welfare gains from economic activities by generation, rapid and sustained increases reducing pollution and energy use along in people’s quality of life, and technolog- the whole lifecycle, while increasing qual- ical solutions for environmentally sound ity of life. industrialization. Postive impact on: Goal 3: Good Health The public sector will need to set a clear We will also contribute to SDG 13: Climate and Well-being direction. Monitoring frameworks, regu- Action. Our solution does not generate any Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy lations, and incentive structures must be climate-altering exhaust emissions such Goal 9: Industry, Innova- retooled to attract investments and stim- as CO2 and NOx as the ferry’s electrical tion and Infrastructure ulate sustainable development. National propulsion is powered with renewable Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities energy. oversight mechanisms such as supreme Goal 12: Responsible audit institutions and oversight functions Consumption and by legislatures should be strengthened. We will have a very positive impact in Production relation to SDG 14: Life Below Water, as Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 14: Life Below Next steps we do not have any harmful emission Water
To manufacture various scalable vessels such as CO2, polyaromatic hydrocarbon Goal 15: Life on Land that suits a sustainable society. and NOx as we rely on electric propulsion fueled with renewable energy from solar, Sustainable Development Goals wind, and water. The energy used by the ferry comes from renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and wave power, addressing SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 34 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 35 Sustainable Development
Chapter 3: Finding Sustainable Protein Sources SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 36 SDSN NE Chapter 3: Finding Sustainable Protein Sources 37
Finding Sustainable Protein Sources kg This section presents solutions focusing on 20 Global fish consumption has increased production of marine food for humans and from 10 kg to nearly 20 kg per person livestock. Let us start with a look at the over the last fifty years. This has been challenge of finding sustainable protein driven by a combination of population growth, rising incomes, and urbanization. sources and the potential effects on people, Quantifying the challenge the planet and prosperity. Global fish consumption has increased from 10 kg to nearly 20 kg per person over the last fifty years. This has been driven by a combination of population growth, rising incomes, and urbanization. Solutions to the challenge The global catch of wild fish in the last 30 Sustainable aquaculture production of years has been stable at around 100 mil- food for a growing population has a huge lion tons per year, of which 80% is caught potential to grow in the near future. Inno- in marine waters. Over the same period, vative systems that address the negative aquaculture production expanded from environmental impacts of traditional just a few million tons to levels similar to open-cage fish farming include land-based What is the challenge? What could the potential effects on those for wild fish. Freshwater aquacul- recirculating systems (RAS), which are Increasing food production to meet the people, the planet, and prosperity be ture is currently the predominant form of closed systems with limited (or no) release needs of a growing world population if we do not solve this challenge? production (>60%). However, fresh water of waste material, infectious agents, and while at the same time reducing the Fish and shellfish are a major food is a limited global resource and the major animal interaction with wild populations. ecological footprint of food production, resource for a large number of people but expansion is predicted to take place in the Fish farming in semi-enclosed systems protecting natural resources and ecosys- also provide critical ecosystem services. oceans. A majority of cultured organisms at sea significantly reduces organic pol- tems, and advancing rural development is Consequently, viable fish populations are food fish (66%) with the remainder lution, efficiently limits infections by sea one of the greatest challenges of our time. need to be maintained to promote both comprising invertebrates (oysters, mus- lice and other pathogens, and increases human well-being and ocean health. sels, prawns etc.) and seaweed. growth and survival. Moreover, it is pos- Hunger and malnutrition is rampant in Over-fishing has severe consequences as sible to boost resource-efficient seafood the world. More than 800 million people it changes the structures and functions of In the Nordic countries, Norway is a giant production by means of integrated mul- are believed to suffer from chronic mal- the ecosystems and has dramatic impacts in aquaculture and one of the world-lead- titrophic aquaculture (IMTA). In IMTA, nourishment due to low protein intake, on socio-economic development. Thus, ing producers of Atlantic salmon. fed species (e.g., fish) are co-cultured with and fish is a vital and sometimes exclusive there is an urgent need to protect and Approximately 1.3 million tons of salmon extractive species such as mussels, sea source of protein in many poor and devel- restore wild fish populations through was produced and sold in 2015. Grow- squirts, seaweed, or microalgae, which oping countries. responsible governance of fish and fish- out of salmon is done in open net-pen grow using the nutrients released from eries. The aquaculture sector plays an cages, a production system that provides the fish. Finding sustainable feed resource As it is widely recognized that wild fish important role in providing fish and other significant amounts of high-value marine alternatives to fish meal and fish oil from stocks are no longer able to support world seafood products yet is facing some major protein but also creates negative environ- wild capture is a priority. Low-trophic seafood demand, the demand for seafood challenges. We need to find solutions that mental effects such as excessive nutrient level organisms of marine origin, poten- is increasingly met by aquaculture. The minimize the environmental impacts of release and genetic, pathological, and par- tially produced in IMTA systems, could sector is already providing about 50% of released organic and inorganic waste asitic interactions with wild populations. provide new raw materials for feed, as all fish and shellfish consumed globally, as well as the unsustainable use of wild The Swedish aquaculture production of could by-products from agriculture and but it is nevertheless expected to more marine species for the supply of juveniles fish and shellfish is by comparison very the seafood-processing industries. than double in capacity by 2050. However, and feeds. Expansion of the sector must low (~12,000 tons in 2015) and the sector the current production systems, particu- include a shift toward innovative aqua- has grown in recent decades, partly due To ensure continued growth of the aqua- larly those relying on feed, may have culture systems and feed production that to strict environmental regulations. How- culture industry, the present regulatory some negative impacts on ecosystems does not negatively impact wild popula- ever, novel and environmentally friendly frameworks need to be modernized and and society that need to be addressed. tions. aquaculture technologies for land and sea adapted to the novel technologies in Finding solutions to promote sustainable use are continuously being developed and order to drive the implementation of sus- aquaculture systems for food production tested also in the Nordic countries, which tainable farming systems with minimal is therefore essential. will allow for expansion of the industry. environmental impact. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 38 SDSN NE Chapter 3: Finding Sustainable Protein Sources 39
Processum Goals
Founder: Processum Place of implementation: Not implemented yet. Partners involved: Processum, Matis, Domsjö fabriker, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Viur. Contact: Björn Alriksson, [email protected] Find out more at: www.processum.se
Solution be used in limited amounts due to a dif- The world’s population is projected ferent amino acid composition compared to reach 9 billion by 2050, which will with fishmeal protein and the presence increase the demand for food accordingly. of anti-nutritional substances that can be The production of fish must increase detrimental to the fish. The sustainability significantly in order to meet this rise in of today’s production of plant protein demand. As about 80% of the fish stocks for feed, such as soy protein, can also be of the oceans are currently fully exploited, questioned. An interesting alternative is overexploited, or depleted, intensifying single cell protein (SCP). the fishing even further does not appear to be a possible solution. Instead, the SCP consists of microorganisms such as contribution from aquaculture needs to yeast, bacteria, algae, and filamentous increase from its current share of 50% of fungi. Many species have high protein Sustainable Development Goals Our solution can also contribute to less the fish supply for human consumption. content and some have amino acid Processum is expected to have a large deforestation in countries that produce However, fishmeal derived from wild profiles that are very similar to that of Postive impact on: impact with respect to SDG 6: Clean Water plant protein (e.g., soy protein), implying fish is currently the preferred protein for fishmeal. In addition, SCP can be pro- Goal 1: No Poverty and Sanitation, because the production a positive impact in relation to SDG 15: duced using residuals from the forest Goal 2: Zero Hunger many aquaculture species, to the detri- Goal 3: Good Health of single cell protein does not require as Life on Land. ment of wild fish stocks. It is therefore industry. This offers an attractive concept and Well-being much water as the production of many important that the increased aquaculture of turning forest raw material into a pro- Goal 6: Clean Water plant-based protein sources (e.g., soy pro- and Sanitation production will not increase the demand tein-rich component of fish feed. tein). In addition, the import of nutrients Goal 8: Decent Work In conclusion, the wild fish stocks are for fishmeal-based feed. and Economic Growth from other ecosystems (e.g., soy from shrinking and the demand for fish is Goal 9: Industry, Innova- South America) can be decreased and lead The fishmeal production has been fairly increasing. The described concept is tion and Infrastructure to less eutrophication where the fish is therefore needed in order to meet the Goal 11: Sustainable stable at around 5–7 million tons per year Cities and Communities produced. Furthermore, the production of over the last 40 years while the aquacul- increased need for sustainable fish feed Goal 12: Responsible single cell protein can work as a wastewa- ture production has grown by an average in the fast-growing aquaculture industry. Consumption and ter treatment system to decrease COD and Production of about 8% annually since the 1970s. This In addition, there is a great need for new BOD levels from industrial effluents. Goal 13: Climate Action profitable bio-refinery products for the has led to a large increase in fishmeal Goal 14: Life Below Processum is also expected to contribute prices in recent years. The increased European forest and bio-refinery industry. Water to SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and demand for fishmeal for fish feed pro- Goal 15: Life on Land Production, as it can facilitate the develop- duction and the high price has caused Next steps ment of more eco-friendly food. a need for alternative protein sources. The next step will be to build production However, most available protein sources facilities for single cell protein and contin- Improving the fish stocks of the oceans will are of plant origin and can generally only ued R&D. contribute to SDG 14: Life Below Water. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 40 SDSN NE Chapter 3: Finding Sustainable Protein Sources 41
Marin Biogas Goals
Founder: Fredrik Norén Place of implementation: Sweden Partners involved: Swedish Environmental Institute (IVL), E.ON (full-scale fermentation plant), Scanfjord AB (Sweden’s largest mussel farming company), Danish Technical University – DTU Aqua, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lantmännen, Raisio Agro. Contact: Olle Stenberg, [email protected] Find out more at: www.marinbiogas.se
Solution By having a circular business model, Marin Biogas has developed a new inno- the solution will have a positive impact vative concept for large-scale cultivation with respect to SDG 12: Responsible Con- and harvesting of Ciona. A demonstration sumption and Production. It will enable project is currently underway to produce production of fossil-free products based Ciona biomass. The main purpose of the on renewable raw material. project is to show the positive environ- mental effects in the sea and the usage of By increasing the amount of fossil-free Ciona biomass as a substrate for biogas fuel (biogas) and decreasing the need for production in full-scale trials. ammonia production used for fertilizers, the solution will contribute to SDG 13: Postive impact on: The inner parts of the Ciona organism are Climate Action. Goal 2: Zero Hunger very high in protein and have a favorable Goal 7: Affordable protein composition. This fraction may The solution will have a very strong pos- and Clean Energy be used as a feed ingredient, and the itive impact on the marine environment, Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth potential is large. A Ciona cultivation area i.e., SDG 14: Life Below Water, by actually Goal 9: Industry, Innova- of 6x6 km could supply all the protein filtering large amounts of water and har- tion and Infrastructure needed in the Norwegian fish farming vesting the accumulated biomass. The net Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities industry. effect will be recirculation of nitrogen and Goal 12: Responsible phosphorus to the farmlands, resulting in Consumption and Next steps a decreased demand for fertilizer produc- Production tion (ammonia and phosphor mineral). Goal 13: Climate Action 1. Verify large-scale feed ingredient Goal 14: Life Below application Water 2. Generate a sustainable business model
Sustainable Development Goals Marin Biogas will contribute to SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, because renewable energy in the form of biogas is produced by fermentation of the biomass. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 42 SDSN NE Chapter 3: Finding Sustainable Protein Sources 43
Lantfisk Goals
Founder: Diana Olsson Waage, Andreas Olsson Waage, Valter Eklund, and Lars Forsberg Place of implementation: First class quality fresh fish farmed with care for animal welfare and the environment in circular systems. Partners involved: Chalmers Food and Nutrition Science & Gothenburg University Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Kajodlingen in Gothenburg. Contact: Diana Olsson Waage, [email protected] Find out more at: www.lantfisk.se
Solution Sustainable Development Goals Lantfisk grows tropical freshwater species Our circular production model of growing in recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) fish can provide phosphorus, nitrogen, that can feed on vegetable feed and thrive and other valuable products to be used in dense environments. We are develop- when growing vegetables and other crops, ing a feed that excludes fishmeal and is increasing the yields and contributing to based on locally and sustainably grown SDG 2: Zero Hunger. crops and sustainable marine resources that benefit the water quality. Our sludge Lantfisk can also contribute positively to water is used by the Kajodlingen vege- SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. Grow- table farm as a source of nutrients. We ing fish in closed recirculating systems build circular systems of supporting the does not result in pollution or significant city with sustainable and locally produced wasting of water. Our system can be recir- healthy foods with optimal resource usage culated up till 99%. Clean water is a main and no pollution. Our circular systems argument for Lantfisk. enable fish farming without any pollution or other contamination from the sur- Lantfisk takes responsibility for both fish Postive impact on: rounding environment. It is a protected health and the environment. We use our Goal 1: No Poverty environment that saves the fish and the water to grow vegetables together with Goal 2: Zero Hunger Goal 3: Good Health consumers from unwanted contamina- Kajodlingen. We are currently developing and Well-being tion. a feed with the University of Gothenburg Goal 6: Clean Water and Chalmers University of Technology and Sanitation Goal 8: Decent Work Our production model of fish farming to exclude the already low levels of fish and Economic Growth is scalable and the systems are robust, protein in our feed (10%). We are showing Goal 9: Industry, Innova- easy to build and support, and very cost consumers that we can grow happy fish in tion and Infrastructure efficient. a local setting without polluting or emp- Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities tying the oceans, contributing to SDG 12: Goal 12: Responsible Next steps Responsible Consumption and Production. Consumption and Enter the market, expand, research our Production Goal 13: Climate Action We do not pollute the sea or raise the new feed, develop partnerships with Goal 14: Life Below actors who grow vegetables, scale up pro- levels of phosphorus and nitrogen in the Water duction, enter partnerships with farmers, oceans. Nor do we empty the sea of fish Goal 15: Life on Land enter partnerships with institutions that for our feed. Thus, Lantfisk will have a can take our model to where it is needed positive impact in relation to SDG 14: Life the most, and obtain proper certification Below Water. for RAS-grown fish. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 44 SDSN NE Chapter 3: Finding Sustainable Protein Sources 45
Musselfeed AB Goals
Founder: Dr. Odd Lindahl, Royal Swedish Academy of Science Place of implementation: West coast of Sweden Partners involved: Mussel farmers, Customers within food production, Customers within feed production, Eco-farmers, Universities, and Research institutes Potential end users. Country and municipality. Contact: Sofia Kocher, [email protected] Find out more at: www.musselfeed.com
Solution on improving the quality of water. Mus- Musselfeed brings climate-smart foods selfeed started as a research project and and feed from mussels to the market. became a company in 2013. The product Most food production harms the ecosys- has attracted vast interest, implying a tem, but it does not have to be this way. great business opportunity. To lead the Mussel farming not only produces healthy business development, Sofia Kocher was seafood but also helps regenerate the recruited to the team. She has over 12 ecosystem by recirculating nutrients back years of experience from commercializing to land. research in the processing industry.
But there is a limited demand for fresh Next steps The much lower climate impact of mus- mussels. Therefore, Musselfeed has Attract funding, both public and private. sels than other common protein sources developed an industrial scale process Regulations for mussel farming need to Postive impact on: implies a potential to become the world’s that separates the mussels into two parts: Goal 2: Zero Hunger most climate-smart large-scale source of change so that blue catch crops get the Goal 3: Good Health high-protein meal of mussel meat and cal- same status and become subject to the and Well-being animal protein, positively affecting SDG cium-rich fragments of dried shells. same rules as green catch crops. Goal 6: Clean Water 13: Climate Action. Mussels have 160 times and Sanitation lower climate impact than beef, 30 times Goal 8: Decent Work Traditional foods in a new form open lower impact than pork, and 10 times Work with social responsibility, where and Economic Growth up for new business opportunities: The customers take responsibility for buying Goal 9: Industry, Innova- lower impact than whey. sustainable mussel protein is used in more food from more sustainable tion and Infrastructure sports nutrition products, delicacy foods, Goal 12: Responsible Musselfeed can also contribute positively resources. Consumption and and feed. It has a 10 times lower climate Production to SDG 14: Life Below Water. Mussel impact than whey and a 160 times lower Sustainable Development Goals Goal 13: Climate Action farming recirculates nutrients and helps climate impact than Swedish beef. It Goal 14: Life Below reduce the negative effects of eutrophi- Musselfeed has a potential to take an Water effectively replaces unsustainable protein active regenerative role in relation to cation. It regenerates the ecosystem and sources, such as fish and soy. the ecosystems in which we produce creates healthier oceans. Products can nutritious food. This will contribute to replace unsustainable fish meal in feed Musselfeed AB was founded by Dr. Odd both SDG 2: Zero Hunger, and SDG 12: applications. Farming 15,000 tons of Lindahl, Royal Swedish Academy of Sci- Responsible Consumption and Production. mussels means recirculating 150 tons of ence. Lindahl is one of Sweden’s most nitrogen and 15 tons of phosphorus. experienced experts on the marine envi- ronment and has focused his research SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 46 SDSN NE Chapter 3: Finding Sustainable Protein Sources 47
Stadsjord/Pond Goals
Founder: Niklas Wennberg Place of implementation: Gothenburg, Sweden Partners involved: Vinnova is funding Stadsjord/Pond in a program supporting innovative solutions for industrial symbiosis. Chalmers Architecture: Master’s Program in Urban Sustainability. Chalmers Nutrition: Master’s Program. SSEC – Swedish Surplus Energy Collaboration. Vuxenskolan Education. RCE – Regional Center of Expertise (UN Initiative). Contact: Niklas Wennberg, [email protected] Find out more at: www.stadsjord.se
Solution self-supporting with protein and greens Aquaculture has been the world’s fast- and also provide people in the camps est growing food sector since 1974. Vast with essential skills that can be practiced capacity building is needed in this sector almost anywhere. to meet the growing demand for aquatic protein without degrading marine eco- Next steps systems. We need to focus on cultivating In 2017 and 2018, we want to install five omnivores and herbivores, or “water more of our modular and mobile fish pigs” and plant eaters. Moving down in farms in Nordic cities. We also want to trophic levels means that we present good deepen our cooperation with actors in food at a lower price to the consumers East Africa and Southeast Asia and try to and at a lower cost to the oceans and the implement our aquaponics models in fast overall environment. growing cities where the Western food culture is threatening local traditions that Stadsjord/Pond uses urban voids for aqua- offer a better potential to provide good culture. We produce fish and vegetables and affordable food without degrading The solution will also contribute to SDG production is ensured by international in empty factories and old and new apart- sea or land ecosystems. 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. sustainability organizations such as the ment buildings. The fish are fed excellent Postive impact on: According to the UN Food and Agricul- Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). While food – called waste – from the neighbor- Goal 1: No Poverty ture Organization (FAO), around 1 billion MSC is great in many ways, its labeling Sustainable Development Goals Goal 2: Zero Hunger hood instead of feed from diminishing Stadsjord/Pond will contribute to SDG Goal 3: Good Health people in the world depend on urban does not address climate issues at all. For wild fish stocks. We save the sea with fish 2: Zero Hunger. Providing people with and Well-being agriculture for their livelihood. They instance, the first Norwegian lobster fish- farms on land, in urban and rural voids. Goal 4: Quality also point out that urban agriculture is ery that was MSC labeled was trawl-based good protein from circular sustainable Education Fifty square meters is all it takes to make 10–15 times more efficient than so-called which generates 3–4 times more CO than production systems is a global challenge. Goal 6: Clean Water 2 a 200-resident building self-supporting Urban areas around the world are dis- and Sanitation rational agriculture characterized by fishing with pot traps. Stadsjord/Pond can Goal 7: Affordable with fish, or even turn the building into a playing a growing and promising interest large volume monoculture agriculture present a fish produced in the city with a “plus protein” dwelling and at the same and Clean Energy with huge dependence on oil- and fos- climate impact 10 times smaller than that in engaging in the production of food in a Goal 8: Decent Work time help save the oceans. climate-smart and responsible way. This and Economic Growth sil-based fertilizers. Urban agriculture, of MSC-labelled Norwegian lobster. movement is very important in order Goal 9: Industry, Innova- including Stadsjord/Pond’s aquaponic tion and Infrastructure We are currently discussing introducing to understand and embrace sustainable model, generates incomes, food security, By combating overfishing, Stadsjord/Pond aquaponics as a clever way to provide the Goal 11: Sustainable good nutritional status, reduced negative will obviously also contribute to SDG 14: food production and distribution. Urban Cities and Communities world’s largest refugee camp (in Kenya) agriculture is a way to link cities and the Goal 12: Responsible environmental impacts, an alternative to Life Below Water. with protein produced from waste using countryside, rich and poor, educated and Consumption and scarce marine protein, well-being, and very small amounts of energy, water, Production lovely green cities. not educated, young and old. Knowledge Goal 13: Climate Action and space. Vertical farming connected to about and commitment to producing good Goal 14: Life Below aquaculture uses 1/5 of the ordinary space food is necessary for the will to support Water SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Goal 15: Life on Land needed for farming and 1/10 of the water strong food systems all over the world. Production. Some would say that environ- volume. We intend to make the camps mental and climate performance in fish SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 48 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 49 Sustainable Development
Chapter 4: Marine Pollution SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 50 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 51 Sustainable Development
Marine Pollution
This section presents solutions focusing on reducing emissions of environmental pollutants. Let us start with a look at the 128 In 2017, the international CAS registry of challenge of marine pollution and the chemicals contained 128 million organic and potential effects on people, the planet inorganic chemicals. Although not all of these and prosperity. chemicals reach the market and are used in large volumes, it has been estimated that over a million tons of around 100,000 different chemicals are produced per year.
What is the challenge? it provides supporting and regulating bottom are classified as dead zones. A that the activity itself is not restricted Human activities result in the discharge of services such as global nutrient turnover ten-fold increase in such dead zones has but the emission is reduced by some a multitude of pollutants into the marine and climate regulation. When pollution been observed over the last 115 years. As kind of purification or waste handling. environment. Apart from the direct reduces the marine biodiversity and regards chemicals produced by humans, A more desirable approach would be to discharges to the sea, for example from marine ecosystem functions, these eco- the chemical production has increased have a more circular system where the shipping, emissions from agriculture, systems are disturbed and their services exponentially since the 1940s and the use of polluting agents and methods is sewage treatment plants, and land-based are at risk. Pollution might thus result in trend is expected to continue. Also the minimized and recycling is employed. industries can reach the marine envi- a reduced production of marine goods, number of chemicals synthesized and End-of-pipe solutions will likely still ronment via rivers. Air-borne pollutants including food for human consumption. sold in the market is increasing. In March be used to minimize pollution, but it is from land- and sea-based industries can It might also result in marine food with 2017, the international CAS registry of important to ensure that such solutions also end up in the sea. Many human activ- elevated concentrations of toxic chem- chemicals contained 128 million organic are effective and do not produce down- ities interfere with the natural turnover icals, making it unsuitable for human and inorganic chemicals. Although not all stream problems, such as problematic of nutrients or emit potentially toxic consumption. Restrictions in this regard of these chemicals reach the market and waste handling. There have been rapid chemicals, and pollution is the flip side of are already in place. Fish from Swedish are used in large volumes, it has been esti- technological advancements in areas such many technological developments. Hence, lakes and the Baltic Sea is one example. mated that over a million tons of around as purification, remediation, and energy marine pollution is a multi-faceted issue Reduced food production will inevitably 100,000 different chemicals are produced production in recent years. In addition and its magnitude depends on geograph- have negative economic and social effects. per year. A very small fraction of these to minimizing the use of polluting agents ical factors, type of industry in an area, chemicals have been subject to environ- and methods, such advancements are population density, and regional environ- Quantifying the challenge mental risk assessments. Hence, there is very important for reducing the pollution currently a large knowledge gap concern- of the marine environment. mental regulations. Eutrophication has increased in both ing their potential environmental effects. Swedish waters and globally, resulting in What could the potential effects on so-called dead zones on sea floors. Such people, the planet, and prosperity be dead zones have no, or very few, animals Solutions to the challenge if we do not solve this challenge? due to low oxygen levels. Globally, the Societies need to substantially reduce The marine environment contains many number of dead zones had doubled each the emissions of pollutants into the ecosystem functions and services that decade since the 1960s. This problem has marine environment. Until now, this humans depend on. Apart from providing been well documented for example for problem has commonly been solved with fish and seafood for human consumption, the Baltic Sea, in which large areas of the so-called end-of-pipe solutions, meaning SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 52 SDSN NE Chapter 4: Marine Pollution 53
Again Goals
Founder: PhD Zsofia Ganrot together with colleagues Place of implementation: Gothenburg, Sweden Partners involved: GU Venture, and technical partners and consultants. Contact: Mikael Olsson, [email protected] Find out more at: www.again.se
Solution Sustainable Development Goals Again’s solution is to recover nutrients After capturing the nutrients with our from human urine in waste water. The technique, the water is nearly free from company’s patented and natural addi- virus and bacteria due to the high pH in tive ZeoPeatTM precipitates most of the our reactor and can be used for irrigation. macronutrients from the urine. In this Nutrients are necessary for all agricul- way, Again’s solution can catch > 98% of ture. As fewer nutrients available equals phosphorus and up to 70% of nitrogen a higher risk of hunger, Again’s solution and potassium. The precipitate is dried is expected to contribute to SDG 2: Zero and can be pelletized. This dry, complex Hunger. Re-using nutrients from thou- fertilizer, ReturineTM, is an excellent sands of water and dry toilets in cities will Postive impact on: nutrient source (“slow release fertilizer”) make it possible to establish “city farm- Goal 1: No Poverty for plants directly in private gardens or ing” and maintain “green roofs” without Goal 2: Zero Hunger Goal 6: Clean Water agriculture. importing expensive fertilizers, positively and Sanitation affecting SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Goal 7: Affordable and The solution reduces the amount of Communities. Similarly, our solution Clean Energy Goal 8: Decent Work eutrophication-causing nutrients that will contribute to SDG 12: Responsible and Economic Growth reach lakes, streams, and the ocean and Consumption and Production, by facili- Goal 9: Industry, Innova- instead facilitates reuse for productive tating re-use of nutrients, less transport tion and Infrastructure purposes. Phosphorous is predicted to of expensive fertilizers, and less money Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities spent on building and installing sewage become a scarce resource in the future Goal 12: Responsible and nitrogen (as a fertilizer) is expensive pipes. It is also expected to have a large Consumption and and requires a lot of electrical energy impact in relation to SDG 14: Life Below Production Goal 13: Climate Action when produced. Water, since effective nutrient recovery Goal 14: Life Below will reduce eutrophication. Water Next steps We will need financial resources to develop commercial sewage plants for single family dwellings with flush toilet and simple dry toilet solutions. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 54 SDSN NE Chapter 4: Marine Pollution 55
Sansox Oy Goals
Founder: Mikael Seppälä Place of implementation: Finland and Vietnam Partners involved: Three universities, two companies, and governmental support. Contact: Mikael Seppälä, [email protected] Find out more at: www.sansox.fi
Solution whom we should introduce the project,
O2 is needed to support most life on Earth, the resulting know-how was implemented whether it is fish, plants, or algae. If the to increase production at a Vietnamese natural production of O2 in a water bed is fish farm. disturbed or the consumption exceeds the production, the O2-based life in it is threat- Next steps ened (the Baltic Sea is a good example). Introduce the technology in new markets in Africa, Southeast Asia, and China. Find The Oxtube is a modular solution for another site with an oxygen-poor water dissolving air or any other gas into liquid. bed to apply our technology on. The product is made of stainless steel pipe and requires a pump for creating flow. Sustainable Development Goals Functions are: According to FAO, the demand for fish • Vortex and ejector modules generate gas will increase by 30% by 2030. As the suction into the water flow. harvesting of seas and oceans cannot be • Efficient mixing of oxygen, air, or other increased, fish farming will continue to gas in the water or other liquid. grow. We can make aquaculture more Postive impact on: • The impulse module creates a high- sustainable and, thus, Sansox Oy can con- speed flush on the impulse energy walls, Goal 1: No Poverty tribute to SDG 2: Zero Hunger. Goal 2: Zero Hunger forcing extremely fast dissolving by Goal 3: Good Health diffusion. The solution will also contribute to SDG 9: and Well-being • Finally, the micro bubbling module Goal 5: Gender Equality Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. Goal 6: Clean Water offers a resting area, to enhance diffu- We also expect to contribute to SDG and Sanitation sion area and time for perfect diffusion. 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth since recirculating fish farms enable the In this project we apply high O water to a Goal 9: Industry, Innova- 2 production to be increased and brought tion and Infrastructure fish farm, thus enabling better and health- closer to cities. For RAS fish farming Goal 11: Sustainable ier growth of the fish. Our product can (Recirculated Aquaculture Systems) the Cities and Communities Goal 12: Responsible also be used in all types of rehabilitation enabling question is how to oxidize the of natural waters, such as waste and pota- Consumption and water, which is the focus of Sansox Oy. Production ble water treatment. Goal 13: Climate Action Our solution also helps increase marine Goal 14: Life Below Water Sansox Oy has participated in three differ- sustainability by decreasing the harvest- ent studies at three different universities ing of seas and, hence, will contribute to on diffusion of oxygen in water. In addi- SDG 14: Life Below Water. tion, after a Finnish governmental body identified the target area and company to SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 56 SDSN NE Chapter 4: Marine Pollution 57
Scandinavian Goals Water Technology SWATAB
Founder: Katarina Klöfverskjöld Place of implementation: In laundry rooms, with installations in Denmark and the U.K. In the U.K., we have a sales agreement with SWF Ltd. Partners involved: Swedish Energy Agency, Kristianstad municipality, MKB in Malmö, Sweden. Contact: Per Hansson, [email protected] Find out more at: www.swatab.com
Solution contribute to SDG 3: Good Health and DIRO® is a filter system that is placed Well-being. Chemical residues remain in dwellings between the incoming cold on textiles after conventional washing, water and a laundry machine, making resulting in allergies, contact dermatitis, detergents totally redundant. The system and aggravated eczema. Powder deter- also works for commercial dishwashers. gents contain zeolites, which appear as a DIRO® has been tested by SWEREA IVF fine dust with particles so small they can and has a proven cleaning effect accord- enter a person’s lungs. Other chemicals in ing to the EU Ecolabel test for detergents. detergents include sodium lauryl sulfate Our solution is also expected to contribute imize the environmental impact. Local Laundry can be washed in cold water and (SLS), linear alkyl benzene sulfonates to SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Commu- household appliance service companies completely without chemicals. (LAS), petroleum distillates (also known Postive impact on: nities, by reducing the use of chemicals in will install and service the systems. as naphtha), and sodium hypochlorite Goal 3: Good Health society, decreasing the need for transpor- In cooperation with municipal property (household bleach). Many of the chem- and Well-being tation, and cutting energy consumption The solution will also contribute to SDG management company MKB in Malmö, icals have negative effects on humans, Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation by shortening drying times, lowering 14: Life Below Water. Sewer plants and Sweden, we have an installation in place animals, and/or the environment, such Goal 7: Affordable washing temperatures, and sending less septic systems process large quantities where all laundry is washed in cold as skin irritation, organ toxicity, liver and Clean Energy polluted wastewater to sewage treatment of wastewater but do not always operate water. This installation is currently being and kidney damage, lung and mucous Goal 9: Industry, Innova- tion and Infrastructure plants. As for economic effects, it reduces properly or remove enough nitrogen energy measured in relation to conven- membrane damage, toxicity to fish, repro- Goal 11: Sustainable service and maintenance costs, extends and phosphorus before discharging into tional detergent-dependent laundry ductive and developmental problems in Cities and Communities the service life of the machines, and waterways. Some detergents contain rooms and the results will be presented animals, and excessive growth of marine Goal 12: Responsible lowers the cost per wash compared with zeolites instead of phosphorus, and waste- on our website in May 2017. plants, triggering unbalanced ecosystems. Consumption and Production conventional washing. water plants have problems removing Fabric softeners also contain many haz- Goal 14: Life Below these small particles from the water. ardous chemicals, including chloroform, Next steps Water By reducing resource use, the solution Another issue is that detergents and sof- benzyl alcohol, ethanol, and linalool. Establish business contacts for production will affect SDG 12: Responsible Consump- teners contain microplastics. Sweden also Human skin is frequently exposed to and sales of systems for both commercial tion and Production. The holding tanks has over 700,000 private non-approved some of these chemicals as they remain in and domestic use. are rotation molded with reused plastic. sewage systems where in many cases fabric after washing. Filters have been analyzed by SYSAV in the greywater pollutants end up in the Sustainable Development Goals Malmö and are classified as combustible streams, lakes, and groundwater. Scandinavian Water Technology AB waste. The production will be outsourced (SWATAB) offers a solution expected to to countries strategically selected to min- SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 58 SDSN NE Chapter 4: Marine Pollution 59
BoatWasher Goals
Founder: Gustaf Otto Douglas Place of implementation: Harbours in Sweden Partners involved: Boat clubs, Municipals with leisure boat harbors, Leisure boat clubs/associations, Trade organizations representing the Recreational marine industry, Naval schools, Environmental organizations, Water authorities, Ministry of environment. Contact: Odd Klofsten, [email protected] Find out more at: www.boatwasher.se/english
Solution The tools for this behavioral change BoatWasher is Green Antifouling. among boat owners are: Identifying the problems in Sweden: • Information • Approximately 500,000 tons of toxic • Education paint is applied to the hulls of leisure • Lobbying boats every year. The paint is known • A machine, the BoatWasher, manufac- to leak toxins into the marine environ- tured by BoatWasher Sweden AB, that ment. mechanically, without any chemicals, • Every spring, boat owners spend scrubs the hull clean from fouling and uncountable hours scraping their boats collects the residue. and applying new toxic paint, implying • A service concept for keeping the Sustainable Development Goals duction, as it reduces the production and health risks. machine in good shape. Less toxins in the marine environment consumption of material that is hazardous • The paint, materials, and tools are • A operational concept for running the Postive impact on: translates to healthier humans. The solu- to the environment and human health. expensive BoatWasher stations. Goal 3: Good Health tion minimizes the risk of exposure to Thanks to our solution, boat owners can and Well-being • An alternative is to let professionals do • A customer service concept for book- Goal 9: Industry, Innova- antifouling toxins, since no painting or learn about and choose an environmen- the job. However, this service is also ings, payments, information, etc. tion and Infrastructure removal of paint is needed. Hence, SDG tally friendly and efficient antifouling expensive. • A BoatWasher Ambassador concept for Goal 12: Responsible 3: Good Health and Well-being, will be method. To make the necessary behavio- Consumption and spreading the word. promoted. ral change among boat owners possible, it Production The problems in the rest of the world: Goal 14: Life Below will be vital to continue spreading knowl- • The warmer and saltier the water, the Next steps Water The BoatWasher solution is an example edge about the green antifouling method Goal 15: Life on Land more paint is used. Liquidity/financing/money to start up of technological progress that facilitates BoatWasher. • A vast amount of hours of unhealthy more BoatWasher stations in Europe environmentally sound industrialization work. and the rest of the world. Our experi- and thus will contribute to SDG 9: Indus- Moreover, the solution will have a pos- • The paint, materials and tools, or service ence has taught us that putting up a new try, Innovation and Infrastructure. The itive impact in relation to SDG 14: Life are expensive. BoatWasher station is the most efficient conversion from toxin-based antifouling Below Water, as fewer toxins in the water way to convince boat owners to choose to non-toxic/green antifouling makes imply better life below the water. BoatWasher eliminates/reduces the use BoatWasher instead of toxic antifouling boating more sustainable (cheaper, com- of toxic bottom paint on leisure boats by paint and to engage others in spreading fortable, healthy, and environmentally convincing boat owners to mechanically the message. friendly) wash the hull approximately once a month instead of applying toxic antifoul- BoatWasher will also contribute to SDG ing paint. 12: Responsible Consumption and Pro- SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 60 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 61 Sustainable Development
References
An international vision for Ocean Energy 2017 European Commission 2012. Energy Roadmap Lu, Y., Zhang, Y., Deng, Y., Jiang, W., Zhao, Y., Seltenrich, N., 2015. New Link in the Food [online] https://www.ocean-energy-systems. 2050. Luxembourg: Publications Office of Geng, J., Ding, L., Ren, H.-q., 2016. Uptake Chain? Marine Plastic Pollution and Seafood org/news/oes-vision-for-international-deploy- the European Union 2012. [Online] https:// and accumulation of polystyrene microplastics Safety. Environ Health Perspect 123. ment-of-ocean-energy ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/docu- in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and toxic effects in Setälä, O., Fleming-Lehtinen, V., Lehtiniemi, ments/2012_energy_roadmap_2050_en_0. liver. Environmental Science & Technology. M., 2014. Ingestion and transfer of microplas- Attina, T.M., Hauser, R., Sathyanarayana, S., pdf tics in the planktonic food web. Environmental Hunt, P.A., Bourguignon, J.-P., Myers, J.P., Magagna, D., Uihlein, A. Ocean energy devel- Pollution 185, 77-83. DiGangi, J., Zoeller, R.T., Trasande, L., 2016. Falcao, A.F.: Wave energy utilization: A review opment in Europe: Current status and future Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals of the technologies. Renewable and Sustaina- perspectives. International Journal of Marine Sherrington, C., Darrah, C., Hann, S., Cole, in the USA: a population-based disease ble Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, 899–918, 2010. Energy, Vol. 11, 84–104, 2015. G., Corbin, M., 2016. Study to support the burden and cost analysis. The Lancet Diabe- development of measures to combat a range tes & Endocrinology 4, 996-1003. FAO. 2016. The State of World Fisheries and Mattsson, K., Ekvall, M.T., Hansson, L.-A., Linse, of marine litter sources, in: Environment, Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food secu- S., Malmendal, A., Cedervall, T., 2015. Altered R.f.E.C.D. (Ed.). Eunomia. Bahaj, A.S.: Generating electricity from the rity and nutrition for all. Rome. 200 pp. Behavior, Physiology, and Metabolism in Fish oceans. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Exposed to Polystyrene Nanoparticles. Envi- Statistics Sweden – Aquaculture in Sweden Reviews, Vol. 15, 3399–3416, 2011. Frid, C., Andonegi, E., Depestele, J., Judd, A., ronmental Science & Technology 49, 553-561. 2015 (www.scb.se) Rihan, D., Rogers, S.I., Kenchington, E.: The Calculations based on Ocean Energy Europe environmental interactions of tidal and wave McIlgorm, A., Campbell, H.F., Rule, M.J., 2011. Sussarellu, R., Suquet, M., Thomas, Y., Lam- and European Commission’s EU Energy, energy generation devices. Environmental The economic cost and control of marine bert, C., Fabioux, C., Pernet, M.E.J., Le Goïc, transport and GHG emissions trends to 2050 Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 32, 133–139, debris damage in the Asia-Pacific region. N., Quillien, V., Mingant, C., Epelboin, Y., Cor- reference scenario 2013. [Online] http://ec.eu- 2012. Ocean & Coastal Management 54, 643-651. poreau, C., Guyomarch, J., Robbens, J., ropa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/media/ publications/doc/trends-to- 2050-update- Gall, S.C., Thompson, R.C., 2015. The impact Mouat, J., Lozano, R.L., Bateson, H., 2010. Tiron, R., Mallon, F., Dias, F., Reynaud, E.G.: 2013.pdf. of debris on marine life. Marine Pollution Bul- Economic Impacts of Marine Litter, in: Interna- The challenging life of wave energy devices letin 92, 170-179. tional, K. (Ed.). at sea: A few points to consider. Renewable Carbon Trust (2011). Marine Renewables and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 43, Green Growth Paper. Huckerby, J., Jeffrey, H., de Andres, A., Finlay, Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries. Statistics 1263–1272, 2015. L.: An International Vision for Ocean Energy. for aquaculture 2015. (www.fiskreidirektoratet. Carstensen J, Andersen JH, Gustafsson BG, Ocean Energy Systems. 2016. no). United Nations. 2017. Sustainable Devel- Conley DJ. 2014. Deoxygenation of the Baltic opment Goals, Goal 14: Conserve and Sea during the last century. Proc Natl Acad IEA, 2016. Energy Technology Perspectives Ocean Energy Strategic Roadmap [online] sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine Sci U S A 111: 5628-5633. 2016. IEA, Paris, June 2016. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/maritimeforum/ resources. http://www.un.org/sustainablede- sites/maritimeforum/files/OceanEnergyFo- velopment/oceans/ Retrieved: 2017-04-10. Derraik, J.G.B., 2002. The pollution of the IEA OES Annex IV 2016, State of the art Sci- rum_Roadmap_Online_Version_08Nov2016. marine environment by plastic debris: a ence Report, Environmental effects of marine pdf Van Cauwenberghe, L., Devriese, L., Gal- review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 842-852. renewable energy development around the gani, F., Robbens, J., Janssen, C.R., 2015. world Ocean Energy Systems. Annual Report 2015. Microplastics in sediments: A review of de Sá, L.C., Luís, L.G., Guilhermino, L., 2015. [online] https://tethys.pnnl.gov/sites/default/ techniques, occurrence and effects. Marine Effects of microplastics on juveniles of the files/publications/Annex-IV-2016-State-of-the- Paul-Pont, I., Soudant, P., Huvet, A., 2016. Environmental Research 111, 5-17. common goby (Pomatoschistus microps): Science-Report_MR.pdf Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure Confusion with prey, reduction of the preda- to polystyrene microplastics. Proceedings of Waite R. et al. 2014. Improving Productivity tory performance and efficiency, and possible Jeffrey, H., Jay, B., Winskel, M.: Accelerating the National Academy of Sciences 113, 2430- and Environmental Performance of Aquacul- influence of developmental conditions. Envi- the development of marine energy: Exploring 2435. ture. Working Paper, Installment 5 of Creating ronmental Pollution 196, 359-362. the prospects, benefits and challenges. Tech- a Sustainable Food Future. Washington, DC: nological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. Pedà, C., Caccamo, L., Fossi, M.C., Gai, F., World Resources Institute. Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R. 2008. Spreading dead 80, 1306–1316, 2013. Andaloro, F., Genovese, L., Perdichizzi, A., zones and consequences for marine ecosys- Romeo, T., Maricchiolo, G., 2016. Intestinal Worm B. et al 2006. Impacts of Biodiversity tems. Science 321: 926-929. Kaiser, J., 2010. The dirt on ocean garbage alterations in European sea bass Dicen- Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services. Science patches. Science 328, 1506. trarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to 314, 787-790. EMEC [online] http://www.emec.org.uk/ microplastics: Preliminary results. Environmen- marine-energy/ tal Pollution 212, 251-256. SDSN NE Oceans Solutions Report 62 SDSN NE Connected and Committed to 63 Sustainable Development
Iceland
From left: Linnéa Lund- Finland mark, Ida W. Brattström, Anders Ahlbäck, Anna Norway Nordén, Dan Strömberg and Maria Svane.
Sweden
Denmark
Our initiatives We create platforms, projects, and workshops to join forces for sustainable solutions. Our initiatives are our way of contributing to reach the Sustainable Development Goals. The Sustainable Development Solution Where we come from Network (SDSN) Northern Europe is an Despite a long tradition of research, edu- About SDSN NE action-oriented network focusing on cation, and innovation for sustainable mobilizing Nordic scientific and techno- development, only a fraction of the results To reach a sustainable society we need logical expertise to solve problems and of these activities are utilized to steer change, and change is not possible without create a more sustainable society. The net- society in a more sustainable direction. work links knowledge to action in order Therefore, the Sustainable Development knowledge. SDSN Northern Europe connects for society to achieve the UN Sustainable Solutions Network (SDSN) was established Nordic academic institutions to communicate Development Goals (SDGs). For more in 2012 under the auspices of the former what sustainability is all about and promote information about the 17 SDGs, go to: United Nations’ Secretary-General Ban sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs Ki-moon to mobilize global scientific and joint learning and sustainable solutions. Each person matters in the work technological expertise to promote practi- to achieve a sustainable society. Yet cal problem solving to reach the SDGs. sustainability can be a complex and over- SDSN Northern Europe was launched in whelming task. Luckily, academia has February 2016, in Gothenburg, Sweden, as the role of understanding the complexity a national and regional network to sup- of sustainability. For example, can you port the realization of actions to achieve imagine all the interconnections among the SDGs. the 169 pre-targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? And sustain- Where we act ability is not just about understanding SDSN Northern Europe includes all SDSN a complex structure of cause-and-effect member institutions from Denmark, Fin- relationships, but also about under- land, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. standing and considering a long-term SDSN Northern Europe’s secretariat is perspective. As an illustration of this hosted by the Centre for Environment and seemingly simple concept, do you nor- Sustainability at Chalmers University of mally think of your grandchildren when Technology and the University of Gothen- you decide to take a flight to Paris? It feels burg. Visit us at: www.unsdsn-ne.org good to know that academia does better in this respect than most people. 64 SDSN Centre for Environment Northern and Sustainability, GMV Europe Chalmers, 412 96 Göteborg
www.unsdsn-ne.org [email protected]