International Law Studies—Volume 9 International Law Topics The Declaration of London

The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. Government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College.

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No. 19. FINAL PROTOCOL OF THE LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE.

(Translations) Protocole de Cloture. Final Protocol.

La Conference Navale de Lon- The London Naval Conference, dres, convoqu6e par le Gouverne- called together by His Britannic ment de Sa Majesty Britannique, Majesty's Government, assembled s'est r^unie, le 4 decembre 1908, on the 4th December, 1908, at the au Ministere des Affaires Etran- Foreign Office, with the object of geres, a l'effet de determiner les determining the generally recog- principes generalement reconnus nized principles of international du droit international dans le sens law in accordance with Article 7 de l'article 7 de la Convention of the Convention signed at The signee a La Haye le 18 octobre Hague on the 18th October, 1907, 1907, pour l'etablissement d'une for the establishment of an Inter- Cour internationale des prises. national Prize Court. Les Puissances, dont 1' enu- The Powers whose names follow meration suit, ont pris part a cette took part in this Conference, to Conference, pour laquelle elles which they appointed the Dele- avaient designe les Delegues gates named here below: nommes ci-apres: L'Allemagne: Germany: M. Kriege, Conseiller Actuel M. Kriege, Privy Councillor of Intime de Legation et Juris- Legation and Legal Adviser consulte au Departement des to the Department of Foreign Affaires Etrangeres, Membre Affairs, Member of the Perma- de la Cour Permanente d'Arbi- nent Court of Arbitration, trage, Delegue* Plenipotenti- Plenipotentiary Delegate; aire; M. le Capitaine de vaisseau Captain Starke, Naval Attache Starke, Attache naval a l'Am- to the Imperial Embassy at bassade Imperiale a Paris, Paris, Naval Delegate; Premier Deiegue naval; M. Goppert, Conseiller de Lega- M. Goppert, Councillor of Lega- tion et Conseiller adjoint au tion and Assistant Councillor Departement des Affaires to the Department for For- Etrangeres, Deiegue juridique eign Affairs, Legal Delegate; M. le Capitaine de corvette de Commander von Bulow, Second Bulow, Deuxieme Deiegue Naval Delegate. naval.

a The Final Protocol was signed in the French language only. 162 : . :

FINAL PROTOCOL OF LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE. 163

Les Etats-Unis d'Amerique: The United States of America: M. le Contre-Amiral Charles H. Rear-Admiral Charles H. Stock- Stockton, Delegue Plenipo- ton, Plenipotentiary Dele- tentiaire; gate; M. George Grafton Wilson, Mr. George Grafton Wilson, Pro- Professeur a l'Universite de fessor at Brown University, Brown, et Conferencier en and Lecturer on International Droit international a l'Ecole Law at the Naval War College

* Navale de Guerre et a l'Uni- and at Harvard University, versite de Harvard, Delegue" Plenipotentiary Delegate. Plenipotentiaire

L' Autriche-Hongrie Austria-Hungary Son Excellence M. Constantin His Excellency M. Constantin Theodore Dumba, Conseiller Theodore Dumba, Privy Intime de Sa Majeste Impe- Councillor of His Imperial and riale et Royale Apostolique, Royal Apostolic Majesty, Envoye Extraordinaire et Envoy Extraordinary and Ministre Plenipotentiaire, De- Minister Plenipotentiary, legue Plenipotentiaire; Plenipotentiary Delegate; M. le Contre-Amiral Leo- Rear-Admiral Baron Leopold de pold de Jedina-Palombini, Jedina-Palombini, Naval Del- Delegue" naval; egate; M. le Baron Alexandre Hold de Baron Alexandre Hold de Fer- Ferneck, Attache au Minis- neck, Attache to the Ministry tere de la Maison Imperiale et of the Imperial and Royal Royale et des Affaires Etran- Household and of Foreign Af- geres, Professeur agrege a fairs, Professor on the Staff of l'Universite de Vienne, Dele- the University of Vienna, gue adjoint. Assistant Delegate.

L'Espagne: Spain: M. Gabriel Maura y Gamazo, M. Gabriel Maura y Gamazo, Comte de la Mortera, Depute" de la Mortera, Member au Parlement, Delegue Pleni- of Parliament, Plenipoten- potentiaire; tiary Delegate; M. le Capitaine de vaisseau R. Captain R. Estrada, Naval Dele- Estrada, Delegue naval. gate.

La France: France: M. Louis Renault, Ministre M. Louis Renault, Minister Plenipotentiaire, Professeur a Plenipotentiary, Professor at la Faculte de Droit de Paris, the Faculty of Law at Paris, Jurisconsulte du Ministere des Legal Adviser to the Ministry Affaires Etrangeres, Membre of Foreign Affairs, Member of de l'lnstitut de France, Mem- the Institute of France, Mem- bre de la Cour Permanente ber of the Permanent Court of d'Arbitrage, Delegue Plenipo- Arbitration, Plenipotentiary tentiaire; Delegate; 164 FINAL PKOTOCOL OF LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE.

La France—Suite. France—Continued. M. le Contre-Amiral Le Bris, Rear-Admiral Le Bris, Techni- Delegue technique; cal Delegate; M. H. Fromageot, Avocat a la M. H. Fromageot, Barrister at Cour d'Appel de Paris, Dele- the Court of Appeal in Paris, gue technique; Technical Delegate; M. le Comte de Manneville, Se- Count de Manneville, Secretary cretaire d'Ambassade de Pre- of Embassy of the First Class, miere classe, Delegue. Delegate.

La Grande-Bretagne: Great Britain: M. le Comte de Desart, K.C.B., The of Desart, K.C.B. Procureur-General du Roi, 's Proctor, Plenipoten- Delegue Plenipotentiaire: tiary Delegate; Le Contre-Amiral Charles L. Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Ott- Ottley. K.C.M.G., M.V.O., ley, K.C.M.G., M.V.O., R.N., R.N.* Delegue: Delegate; M. le Contre-Amiral Edmond Rear-Admiral Edmond J. W. J. W. Slade, M.V.O., R.N., Slade, M.V.O., R.N., Dele- Delegue; - gate; M. Eyre Crowe, C.B., Delegue; Mr. Eyre Crowe, C.B., Delegate; M. Cecil Hurst, C.B., Delegue. Mr. Cecil Hurst, C.B., Delegate.

L'ltalie: Italy: M. Guido Fusinato, Conseiller M. Guido Fusinato, Councillor d'Etat, Depute au Parlement, of State, Member of Parlia- ancien Ministre de l'lnstruc- ment, ex-Minister of Public tion Publique, Membre de la Instruction, Member of the Cour Permanente d' Arbitrage, Permanent Court of Arbitra- Delegue Plenipotentiaire; tion, Plenipotentiary Dele- gate; M. le Comte Giovanni Lovatelli, Captain Count Giovanni Lova- Capitaine de vaisseau, Delegue telli, Naval Delegate; naval; M. Arturo Ricci-Busatti, Con- M. Arturo Ricci-Busatti, Coun- seiller de Legation, Chef du cillor of Legation, Head of the Bureau du Contentieux au Legal Department of the Min- Ministere des Affaires Etran- istry for Foreign Affairs, As- geres, Delegue" adjoint. sistant Delegate.

Le Japon: Japan: M. le Vice-Amiral Baron Toshi- Vice-Admiral Baron Toshiatsu atsu Sakamoto, Chef du De- Sakamoto, Head of the Naval partement de PEducation na- Education Department, Pleni- vale, Delegue" Plenipoten- potentiary Delegate; tiaire; M. Enjiro Yamaza, Conseiller a M. Enjiro Yamaza, Councillor l'Ambassade Imperiale a Lon- of the Imperial Embassy in dres, D616gue Plenipoten- London, Plenipotentiary Dele- tiaire; gate; ; .

FINAL PROTOCOL OF LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE. 165

Le Japon—Suite. Japan—Continued M. le Capitaine de vaisseau So- Captain Sojiro Tochinai, Naval jiro Tochinai, Attache naval a Attache at the Imperial Em- l'Ambassade Imperiale a Lon- bassy in London, Naval Dele- dres, Delegue naval; gate; M. Tadao Yamakawa, Conseiller M. Tadao Yamakawa, Councillor au Ministere Imperial de la to the Imperial Ministry of Marine, Delegue technique; Marine, Technical Delegate; M. Sakutaro Tachi, Professeur a M. Sakutaro Tachi, Professor at l'Universite Imperiale de T6- the Imperial University of kio, Delegue technique; T6ki6, Technical Delegate; M. Michikazu Matsuda, Deu- M. Michikazu Matsuda, Second xieme Secretaire a la Legation Secretary at the Imperial Le- Imperiale a Bruxelles, Dele- gation at Brussels, Technical gue technique. Delegate.

Les Pays-Bas: : M. le Vice-Amiral J. Vice-Admiral Jonkheer J. A. A. Roell, Aide-de-camp de sa Roell, A.D.C. on special serv- Majeste la Reine en Service ice to Her Majesty the Queen, Extraordinaire, ancien Minis- ex-Minister of Marine, Pleni- tre de la Marine, Delegue potentiary Delegate; Plenipotentiaire M. le Jonkheer L. H. Ruysse- Jonkheer L. H. Ruyssenaers, naers, Envoye Extraordinaire Envoy Extraordinary and Min- et Ministre Plenipotentiaire, ister Plenipotentiary, ex-Sec- ancien Secretaire-General a la retary-General of the Perma- Cour Permanente d 'Arbitrage, nent Court of Arbitration, Delegue Plenipotentiaire; Plenipotentiary Delegate; M. H. G. Surie, Lieutenant de First Lieutenant H. G. Surie, vaisseau de Premiere classe, Naval Delegate. Delegue naval.

La Russie: Russia: M. le Baron Taube, Docteur en Baron Taube, Doctor of Laws, droit, Conseiller au Ministere Councillor to the Imperial Imperial des Affaires Etran- Ministry of Foreign Affairs, geres, Professeur de Droit in- Professor of International Law ternational a l'Universite de at the University of St. Peters- Saint - Petersbourg, Delegue burg, Plenipotentiary Dele- Plenipotentiaire gate; M. le Capitaine de vaisseau Captain Behr, Naval Attache in Behr, Attache naval a Lon- London, Naval Delegate; dres, Delegue naval; M. le Colonel de l'Amiraute Ovt- Colonel of the Admiralty Ovt- chinnikow, Professeur de Droit chinnikow, Professor of Inter- international a l'Academie de national Law at the Naval la Marine, Delegue naval; Academy, Naval Delegate; . —

166 FINAL PROTOCOL OF LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE.

La Russie—Suite. Russia—Continued M. le Baron Nolde, Fonction- Baron Nolde, Official of the naire de Sixieme classe pour Sixth Class for Special Mis- Missions speciales pres le Mi- sions attached to the Minister nistre des Affaires Etrangeres, for Foreign Affairs, Professor Professeur de Droit interna- of International Law at the tional a l'lnstitut Polytech- Polytechnic Institute of St. nique de Saint - Petersbourg, Petersburg, Technical Dele- Delegue technique; gate. M. Linden, Chef de Section au M. Linden, Head of Department Ministere Imperial du Com- at the Imperial Ministry of

merce et de 1' Industrie, Den- Trade and Commerce, Techni- gue technique. cal Delegate. Dans une serie de reunions, In a series of sittings held from tenues du 4 d6cembre 1908 au 26 the 4th December, 1908, to the feVrier 1909, la Conference a ar- 26th February, 1909, the Confer- r&td, pour etre soumis a la signa- ence has drawn up for signature ture des Plenipotentiaires, la by the Plenipotentiaries the Declaration relative au droit de la Declaration concerning the laws of guerre maritime, dont le texte est naval war, the text of which is annexe" au present Protocole. annexed to the present Protocol. En outre, le vceu suivant a ete Furthermore, the following wish adopte par les Delegues des Puis- has been recorded by the Dele- sances qui ont signe ou qui ont gates of those Powers which have exprime l'intention de signer la signed or expressed the intention Convention de La Haye en date of signing the Convention of The du 18 octobre 1907 pour l'etablis- Hague of the 18th October, 1907, sement d'une Cour internationale for the establishment of an Inter- des prises: national Prize Court: Les Delegues des Puissances re- The Delegates of Powers repre- presentees a la Conference Na- sented at the Naval Conference vale et qui ont signe ou qui ont which have signed or expressed exprime V intention de signer the intention of signing the Con- la Convention de La Haye en vention of The Hague of the 18th date du 18 octobre 1907 pour October, 1907, for the establish- V etablissement d'une Cour in- ment of an International Prize

ternationale des prises, conside- Court, having regard to the diffi- rant les difficult es d'ordre cons- culties of a constitutional na- titutional qui, pour certains ture which, in some States, pre-

Etats, s'opposent a la ratifica- sent obstacles to the ratification tion, sous sa forme actuelle, de of that Convention in its present cette Convention, sont d 'accord form, agree to call the attention pour signaler a lews Gouverne- of their respective Governments ments respectifs Vavantage que to the advantage of concluding presenterait la conclusion d'un an arrangement under which

arrangement en vertu duquel les- such States would have the dits Etats auraient, lors du power, at the time of depositing depot de lews ratifications, la their ratifications, to add there- FINAL, PROTOCOL OF LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE. 167

faculte d'y joindre une riserve to a reservation to the effect that

portant que le droit de recourir the right to resort to the Inter- a la Cow Internationale des national Prize Court in respect prises, a propos des decisions de of decisions of their National lews tribunaux nationaux, se Tribunals shall take the form presentera comme une action of a direct claim for indemnity directe en indemnity pourvu provided always that the effect toutefois que Veffet de cette re- of this reservation shall not be serve ne soit pas de nature a por- such as to impair the rights se- ter atteinte aux droits garantis cured under the said Convention par ladite Convention, soit aux either to individuals or to their particuliers, soit a lews Gouver- Governments, and that the nements, et que les termes de la terms of the reservation shall reserve forment I'objet d'une en- form the subject of a subsequent tente ulterieure entre les Puis- understanding between the Pow- sances Signataires de la mime ers signatory of that Conven- Convention. tion. En foi de quoi les Plenipoten- In faith whereof the Plenipoten- tiaires et les Delegues remplacant tiaries and the Delegates repre- les Plenipotentiaires qui ont deja senting those Plenipotentiaries who du quitter Londres ont signe" le have already left London have present Protocole. signed the present Protocol. Fait a Londres le vingt-six 16- Done at London the twenty-

vrier mil neuf cent neuf , en un seul sixth day of February, one thou- exemplaire, qui sera depos6 dans sand nine hundred and nine, in a les archives du Gouvernement single original, which shall be de- Britannique et dont des copies, posited in the archives of the Brit- certifiees conformes, seront remises ish Government and of which duly par la voie diplomatique aux Puis- certified copies shall be sent sances representees a la Conference through the diplomatic channel to Navale. the Powers represented at the Naval Conference.

Pour l'Allemagne: For Germany: Kriege. Kriege.

Pour les Etats-Unis d' Amerique: For the United States of Amer- ica: C. H. Stockton. C. H. Stockton. George Grafton Wilson. George Grafton Wilson.

Pour l'Autriche-Hongrie: For Austria-Hungary: C. Dumba. C. Dumba.

Pour l'Espagne: For Spain: Ramon Estrada. Ram6n Estrada.

Pour la France: For France: L. Renault. L. Renault. 168 FINAL PROTOCOL OF LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE.

Pour la Grande-Bretagne: For Great Britain: Desart. Desart.

Pour Tltalie: For Italy: Giovanni Lovatelli. Giovanni Lovatelli.

Pour le Japon: For Japan: T. Sakamoto. T. Sakamoto. E. Yamaza. E. Yamaza.

Pour les Pays-Bas: For the Netherlands: J. A. Roell, J. A. Roell. L. H. RUYSSENAERS. L. H. RUYSSENAERS.

Pour la Russie: For Russia: F. Behr. F. Behr.