Thematic itineraries Life

Living orga- The diversity nisms leave of species tracks Comparing

Unity and diversity of living organismes Techniques Sense organs

Adaptation of Observing human beings Life

Adaptation of Diving equipments living organisms Functions of living Adaptation to organisms Locomotion physical laws Adaptation to substrate

Breathing

SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life

This document is dedicated to school teachers who would like to use the different teaching aids (panels, videos, aquariums, exhibits) present in the “Pavillon des Expositions Permanentes” of “La Cité de la Mer”, to illustrate a course about sea life. Five main themes are considered: > Unity and diversity of living organisms > Adaptation of human beings (to an aquatic environment) > Functions of living organisms > Adaptation of living organisms being (to the marine environment) > Sense organs

The different areas of the exhibition are numbered: the itinerary shows the main teaching aids of the exhibition concerning these 5 themes and also their landmarks.

Some help and advice to prepare the visit could be obtained for free, by contacting the tea- chers who work with the educational service of “La Cité de la Mer”.

How can this itinerary be used?

Archimedes’ living sphere Theme and Bathyscaphs The exerted by water requires Media type Illustrative text the design of spherical and thick diving machines.

Place Reception hall and 2nd floor Landmark support

CAPTIONS: Aquariums (Tank : B1 à B17) Panels Interactive screens Videos Scale models M Show cases V

SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life

UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS

LIVING ORGANISMS LEAVE TRACKS

Myths and Legends

. DIVERSITY OF THE AQUARIUM SPECIES Notion of evolution of living organisms Jaws, fossils, bones… V Fossil of a nautilus Aquariums . Tahitian fish, nautiluses, ribbon eels, jellyfish, 2nd floor cardinal fish, sea horses...

Aquariums . Notion of evolutionof living organisms 2nd floor Living nautiluses

nd 2 floor Aquariums . Cerianthes, clown anemone-fish, smooth- hounds, horse shoe crabs, stone fish, rays...

2nd floor

Strange fish . Panels, pictures and slide shows

2nd floor

Aquariums . Groupers, seabass, spotted ratfish...

Downstairs

SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life

ADAPTATION OF HUMAN BEINGS TO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

EVOLUTION OF TECHNIQUES AND HUMAN PENETRATION UNDERWATER

First steps DIVING EQUIPMENTS . From bell... to diving-suit The beginnings of « heavy feet » Man turns into a fish

st . 1 floor Exhibitions access Evocation of the « mousquemers » (Cousteau, Taillez and Dumas) and evocation of the in- « The pioneers » vention of which announces . the era of autonomous diving The evolution of techniques allowed the human penetration underwater. 2nd floor

2nd floor underwater . Air pump for divers Breathing equipments (air regulator, , V . ), (diving V mask), diver mobility (swim fins and buoyan- cy compensators) 2nd floor Next to the tank 2nd floor

First steps Diving with gas mixtures . Lethbridge barrel, shoes of hard-Helmet . V Micro with a « Donald Duck » effect , actual autonomous M Existence of different mixture diving suits (/nitrogen, oxygen/hydrogen) and 2nd floor effects of the oxygen/ mixture on the vocal cords, with voice distortion

Living in saturation 2nd floor « Working at a great depth » . Abyssal station Henri-Germain Delauze Two months underwater . Downstairs Next to the tanks The air production on board of a submarine Principle of oxygen candles

Downstairs

SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life

THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS

LOCOMOTION IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

Different techniques of locomotion BREATHING IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT Jellyfish swim by pulsation, ribbon eel by . undulation, sea horses by vibrating their dorsal fin, nautiluses by ballast or water The ray reactor, cardinal fish by leaning on their Observation of breathing movements Pre- . pectorals fins, crustaceans by walking. sence of branchial slits which characterize the cartilaginous fish 2nd floor 1st floor

Born to glide through water . The grouper Adaptation for swimming: hydrodynamic Observation of the opercula of grouper and . shape, skeleton, scales, the fastest fish... other bony fish

Downstairs 2nd floor

Incredible rowers ! Three types of swimming: speed specialist, . strong swimming or manoeuvring fish

2nd floor

Very strange swimmers indeed... . Special swimming behaviour: flight of the ray, walking of the mudskipper, flying fish... 2nd floor

Inventors Club . Description of the jet propulsion of cuttlefish and squids Jet propulsion of nautiluses 2nd floor

Ballasts, floats and parachutes Different techniques to stabilize in the . deep: comparison between the ballast system of a nautilus and a submarine, swim bladder... 2nd floor

SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life

ADAPTATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS TO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

ADAPTING TO SUBSTRATE ADAPTING TO THE PHYSICAL LAWS

Aquarium Abyssal Aquarium . . Maze of corals, water transparency, Tahi- tian fish 2nd floor, 1st floor and downstairs

2nd floor Diets at all levels . Physical laws condition some life forms and Camouflage lead to the species’ grade separation. . Ribbon eels: cavities Sea horses: seaweeds st Jellyfish Aurelia: floating along in the 1 floor Next to the B8 water Lobster/ spider: rocks « Oases » . Stone fish : rocks Discovery of the black smokers and their Rays/Octopus: sandy seabed fauna M

st 2nd floor and 1st floor 1 floor

Diet « A freezing desert » . Cerianthes: developed sense of smell . With high pressure, night and low tempera- Jellyfish : tentacles tures, the abyssal plains seem to be hostile. Oxycirrhites typus : search the sand Bird wrasse : search the rocks 1st floor 2nd and 1st floor Lights in the night .

Deep water fish . Light absorption in the sea with respect to « New resources » depth Slideshow « Deep water fish » st Spotted ratfish 1 floor and downstairs

1st floor and downstairs

SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life

SENSE ORGANS

Ribbon eels . . Shrimps Nostrils (larger nostril surface for a better Importance of the antennas (sense of sense of smell) smell and taste cells)

2nd floor 2nd floor and 1st floor

Cerianthes . Sharks, Rays Their sense of smell is very keen. It allows . The Ampullae of Lorenzini them to detect their preys and the sexual Electrolocation maturity of the other individuals.

1st floor 1st floor

Octopus . Extrasenses alien to us Importance of prominent eyes (excellent . eyesight, essential for hunting and ca- Lateral line of fish mouflage) Shark electrolocation Dolphin echolocation 1st floor 1st floor

Sharks, Rays

The sense of smell of sharks and rays is . exceptionally keen.

1st floor

The grouper . The lateral line and the inner ear of fish are useful to detect sounds, movements of fellow creatures in a shoal and obs- tacles...

Downstairs

SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com