Thematic itineraries Life
Living orga- The diversity nisms leave of species tracks Comparing
Unity and diversity of living organismes Techniques Sense organs
Adaptation of Observing human beings Life
Adaptation of Diving equipments living organisms Functions of living Adaptation to organisms Locomotion physical laws Adaptation to substrate
Breathing
SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life
This document is dedicated to school teachers who would like to use the different teaching aids (panels, videos, aquariums, exhibits) present in the “Pavillon des Expositions Permanentes” of “La Cité de la Mer”, to illustrate a course about sea life. Five main themes are considered: > Unity and diversity of living organisms > Adaptation of human beings (to an aquatic environment) > Functions of living organisms > Adaptation of living organisms being (to the marine environment) > Sense organs
The different areas of the exhibition are numbered: the itinerary shows the main teaching aids of the exhibition concerning these 5 themes and also their landmarks.
Some help and advice to prepare the visit could be obtained for free, by contacting the tea- chers who work with the educational service of “La Cité de la Mer”.
How can this itinerary be used?
Archimedes’ living sphere Theme Bathysphere and Bathyscaphs The pressure exerted by water requires Media type Illustrative text the design of spherical and thick diving machines.
Place Reception hall and 2nd floor Landmark support
CAPTIONS: Aquariums (Tank : B1 à B17) Panels Interactive screens Videos Scale models M Show cases V
SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life
UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS
LIVING ORGANISMS LEAVE TRACKS
Myths and Legends
. DIVERSITY OF THE AQUARIUM SPECIES Notion of evolution of living organisms Jaws, fossils, bones… V Fossil of a nautilus Aquariums . Tahitian fish, nautiluses, ribbon eels, jellyfish, 2nd floor cardinal fish, sea horses...
Aquariums . Notion of evolutionof living organisms 2nd floor Living nautiluses
nd 2 floor Aquariums . Cerianthes, clown anemone-fish, smooth- hounds, horse shoe crabs, stone fish, rays...
2nd floor
Strange fish . Panels, pictures and slide shows
2nd floor
Aquariums . Groupers, seabass, spotted ratfish...
Downstairs
SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life
ADAPTATION OF HUMAN BEINGS TO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
EVOLUTION OF TECHNIQUES AND HUMAN PENETRATION UNDERWATER
First steps DIVING EQUIPMENTS . From bell... to diving-suit The beginnings of « heavy feet » Man turns into a fish
st . 1 floor Exhibitions access Evocation of the « mousquemers » (Cousteau, Taillez and Dumas) and evocation of the in- « The pioneers » vention of diving regulator which announces . the era of autonomous diving The evolution of techniques allowed the human penetration underwater. 2nd floor
2nd floor Breathing underwater . Air pump for divers Breathing equipments (air regulator, snorkel, V . diving cylinder), underwater vision (diving V mask), diver mobility (swim fins and buoyan- cy compensators) 2nd floor Next to the tank 2nd floor
First steps Diving with gas mixtures . Lethbridge barrel, shoes of hard-Helmet . V Micro with a « Donald Duck » effect diving equipment, actual autonomous M Existence of different breathing gas mixture diving suits (oxygen/nitrogen, oxygen/hydrogen) and 2nd floor effects of the oxygen/helium mixture on the vocal cords, with voice distortion
Living in saturation 2nd floor « Working at a great depth » . Abyssal station Henri-Germain Delauze Two months underwater . Downstairs Next to the tanks The air production on board of a submarine Principle of oxygen candles
Downstairs
SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life
THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS
LOCOMOTION IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Different techniques of locomotion BREATHING IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT Jellyfish swim by pulsation, ribbon eel by . undulation, sea horses by vibrating their dorsal fin, nautiluses by ballast or water The ray reactor, cardinal fish by leaning on their Observation of breathing movements Pre- . pectorals fins, crustaceans by walking. sence of branchial slits which characterize the cartilaginous fish 2nd floor 1st floor
Born to glide through water . The grouper Adaptation for swimming: hydrodynamic Observation of the opercula of grouper and . shape, skeleton, scales, the fastest fish... other bony fish
Downstairs 2nd floor
Incredible rowers ! Three types of swimming: speed specialist, . strong swimming or manoeuvring fish
2nd floor
Very strange swimmers indeed... . Special swimming behaviour: flight of the ray, walking of the mudskipper, flying fish... 2nd floor
Inventors Club . Description of the jet propulsion of cuttlefish and squids Jet propulsion of nautiluses 2nd floor
Ballasts, floats and parachutes Different techniques to stabilize in the . deep: comparison between the ballast system of a nautilus and a submarine, swim bladder... 2nd floor
SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life
ADAPTATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS TO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
ADAPTING TO SUBSTRATE ADAPTING TO THE PHYSICAL LAWS
Aquarium Abyssal Aquarium . . Maze of corals, water transparency, Tahi- tian fish 2nd floor, 1st floor and downstairs
2nd floor Diets at all levels . Physical laws condition some life forms and Camouflage lead to the species’ grade separation. . Ribbon eels: cavities Sea horses: seaweeds st Jellyfish Aurelia: floating along in the 1 floor Next to the B8 water Lobster/ spider: rocks « Oases » . Stone fish : rocks Discovery of the black smokers and their Rays/Octopus: sandy seabed fauna M
st 2nd floor and 1st floor 1 floor
Diet « A freezing desert » . Cerianthes: developed sense of smell . With high pressure, night and low tempera- Jellyfish : tentacles tures, the abyssal plains seem to be hostile. Oxycirrhites typus : search the sand Bird wrasse : search the rocks 1st floor 2nd and 1st floor Lights in the night .
Deep water fish . Light absorption in the sea with respect to « New resources » depth Slideshow « Deep water fish » st Spotted ratfish 1 floor and downstairs
1st floor and downstairs
SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com Thematic itineraries Life
SENSE ORGANS
Ribbon eels . . Shrimps Nostrils (larger nostril surface for a better Importance of the antennas (sense of sense of smell) smell and taste cells)
2nd floor 2nd floor and 1st floor
Cerianthes . Sharks, Rays Their sense of smell is very keen. It allows . The Ampullae of Lorenzini them to detect their preys and the sexual Electrolocation maturity of the other individuals.
1st floor 1st floor
Octopus . Extrasenses alien to us Importance of prominent eyes (excellent . eyesight, essential for hunting and ca- Lateral line of fish mouflage) Shark electrolocation Dolphin echolocation 1st floor 1st floor
Sharks, Rays
The sense of smell of sharks and rays is . exceptionally keen.
1st floor
The grouper . The lateral line and the inner ear of fish are useful to detect sounds, movements of fellow creatures in a shoal and obs- tacles...
Downstairs
SAEML Cité de la Mer - Gare Maritime Transatlantique - 50100 Cherbourg - Octeville Tél. : 02 33 20 26 26 - Fax : 02 33 20 26 27 - http : //www.citedelamer.com