Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Monday, December 4, 1995 Volume 31—Number 48 Pages 2057–2102

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Addresses to the Nation Communications to Congress—Continued Implementation of the peace agreement in Iran, message reporting—2066 Bosnia-Herzegovina—2060 Railroad Retirement Board, message transmitting report—2068 Addresses and Remarks Bosnia-Herzegovina—2059, 2064 Interviews With the News Media Ireland Exchanges with reporters Community in Dublin—2095 London, United Kingdom—2076 Parliament in Dublin—2097 Roosevelt Room—2059 Radio address—2057 State Dining Room—2064 United Kingdom News conference with Prime Minister Major Business leaders in —2084 of the United Kingdom, November 29 (No. Christmas tree lighting in Belfast—2092 107)—2068 Community in Londonderry—2086 Departure—2068 Meetings With Foreign Leaders Dinner hosted by Prime Minister Major in United Kingdom London—2079 British Labour Party leader — Inauguration of the Thomas P. O’Neill 2076 Chair for the Study of Peace in Prime Minister Major—2068, 2079 Londonderry—2088 Proclamations Mackie International employees in Belfast—2080 National Drunk and Drugged Driving Parliament in London—2072 Prevention Month—2090 Reception hosted by Sir Patrick Mayhew in World AIDS Day—2091 Belfast—2094 Statements by the President Bill Signings See also Bill Signings Department of Defense Appropriations Act, Congressional action on lobby reform 1996, statement—2089 legislation—2077 National Highway System Designation Act of Supplementary Materials 1995, statement—2064 Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Acts approved by the President—2102 Adjustment Act of 1995, statement—2058 Checklist of White House press releases— 2101 Communications to Congress Digest of other White House EURATOM–U.S. nuclear energy cooperation announcements—2100 agreement, message transmitting—2077 Nominations submitted to the Senate—2101

Editor’s Note: The President was in Dublin, Ireland, on December 1, the closing date of this issue. Releases and announcements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary but not received in time for inclusion in this issue will be printed next week.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.

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The President’s Radio Address After 4 years of terrible conflict, we have November 25, 1995 helped the people of Bosnia turn from the horror of war to the promise of peace. Ameri- Good morning. All across our Nation this ca’s negotiating team, backed by NATO’s re- weekend, American families are coming to- solve and air power, brokered a cease-fire. gether to give thanks for the good things in We got the parties to agree on the principles our lives. Hillary and I wish all of you a happy of the settlement and brought them to the and healthy Thanksgiving weekend. As we peace table in Dayton, Ohio. And now, the rejoice in our blessings in the company of skill and dedication of our negotiators, work- our loved ones, let’s also give thanks for ing with our European and Russian partners, America’s blessings and for all we have has enabled them to reach a comprehensive achieved as a nation. peace agreement. This week, after a tough debate on the Peace in Bosnia is important to America, Federal budget, we made important strides to both our values and our interests. The Bos- toward what I hope will be common ground. nian people have suffered unspeakable atroc- Our Government is open again, and the Re- ities: mass executions, ethnic cleansing, cam- publican leaders in Congress have agreed to paigns of rape and terror. Two hundred and work with me to find a process so that we fifty thousand people have died; two million can establish our Nation’s priorities together. have been driven from their homes, with I hope we can balance the budget in a way over a million of them still homeless. The that is true to our fundamental values: ex- violence done to those innocent civilians does pecting responsibility from all our citizens violence to the principles on which America but also providing opportunity so that we be- stands. The only way to end the killing for come a society in which everybody has a good is to secure a commitment to peace. chance to win, not a winner-take-all society; Now our conscience demands that we act. honoring our obligations to our senior citi- Securing the peace will also prevent the zens through Medicare and Medicaid while war in Bosnia from reigniting and then from also making investments for the next genera- spreading, sparking an even wider and more tion in education, environment, research, and dangerous conflict right in the heart of Eu- technology; helping our families to be strong- rope in the Balkan regions where there is er and stay together; and ensuring that Amer- still a lot of tension and potential for conflict ica remains the strongest force in the world in areas near Bosnia. In 1914, a gunshot in for peace and freedom, democracy and pros- Bosnia’s capital, Sarajevo, launched the first perity. of two World Wars that drew America in to All around the world we are seeing the make great sacrifices for freedom. We must results of America’s willingness to work and not let this century close with gunfire ringing to lead for peace. We see it in the Middle in Sarajevo. East, where even in the wake of the tragic The peace agreement preserves Bosnia as loss of Prime Minister Rabin, Arabs and a single state within its present borders and Israelis continue to turn the page on past with international recognition. It settles the conflict. We see it in Northern Ireland, territorial disputes over which the war began. where bombs and bullets have given way to Refugees can return to their homes. People hope for the future—where I will visit next will be able to move freely throughout the week. And in this week of Thanksgiving, we country. The parties have accepted strong have seen the results of America’s leadership safeguards for human rights. They’ve for peace in Bosnia. pledged to cooperate fully with the inter-

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national war crimes tribunal so that those re- playground, no more desperate winters, no sponsible for crimes against humanity can be more shattered lives. Now we have a respon- brought to justice. sibility to see this achievement for peace Now that all the parties, including the Bos- through. Our values, our interests, and our nian Serbs, have made a serious commitment leadership are at stake. to peace, America must help them to make So let us give thanks for America’s role it work. All the parties have asked for a strong in bringing Bosnia’s nightmare to an end, and international force to give them the con- let us share the blessing of our Nation’s fidence and the breathing room they need strength to secure a lasting peace. to implement the peace agreement and to May God bless the United States on this begin the hard task of rebuilding. Thanksgiving weekend. NATO, the alliance of democracies that has preserved our security since the end of NOTE: The address was recorded at 9:30 a.m. on World War II, is clearly that force. And November 24 at Camp David, MD, for broadcast America, as NATO’s leader, clearly must par- at 10:06 a.m. on November 25. ticipate. Without our support the hard-won peace would be lost, the terrible slaughter Statement on Signing the Veterans’ would resume, the conflict that already has Compensation Cost-of-Living claimed so many lives could spread like a cancer throughout the region. Adjustment Act of 1995 In the days ahead I will review the NATO November 22, 1995 implementation plan and continue to consult closely with Congress. As of now, we expect Today I have signed into law H.R. 2394, that about a third of the NATO force will the ‘‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living be American, approximately 20,000 troops. Adjustment Act of 1995.’’ Two-thirds will be from our NATO allies in In signing H.R. 2394, I am pleased to ex- other supportive countries. tend a most deserved benefit to our Nation’s Our men and women will take their orders service-disabled veterans and the surviving from the American general who commands spouses and children of those who made the NATO forces. They will have the authority supreme sacrifice in defense of our freedom. to meet any threat to their safety or any viola- In acting to maintain the value of these pay- tion of the peace agreement with immediate ments, we keep faith with those who have and decisive force. They will not be deployed given so much in service to us all. until I am satisfied that the NATO mission The Act provides a 2.6 percent increase is clear, limited, and achievable and until in compensation and dependency and in- Congress has a chance to be heard. demnity compensation benefits, effective I will discuss the peace agreement and the December 1, 1995. This is the same percent- NATO mission in more detail when I speak age increase that Social Security beneficiaries to the Nation on Monday. I will also be visit- and veterans’ pension recipients will be re- ing with American troops in Germany next ceiving in January. week to talk directly with them about the On Veterans Day, we paused to salute all important mission their Nation is asking men and women in uniform. Today, it is alto- them to carry out. gether fitting that we give tangible expression But on this Thanksgiving weekend, I ask to our enduring commitment to honor our my fellow Americans to think about who we obligations to them. are as a people, what we are as a nation. All William J. Clinton around the world others look to us not just The White House, because of our economic and military might, November 22, 1995. because of what we stand for and what we’re willing to stand against. NOTE: H.R. 2394, approved November 22, was In Bosnia, our Nation has led the way from assigned Public Law No. 104–57. This statement horror to hope, hope for no more was released by the Office of the Press Secretary Srebrenicas, no more shelling of children’s on November 27.

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Remarks Announcing the Child winters and overcrowded living conditions. Survival Initiative for Bosnia- Half of Bosnia’s pre-war population was driv- Herzegovina and an Exchange With en from their homes during the conflict, and Reporters even today, more than one million of them remain homeless. November 27, 1995 In addition, the basic education systems The President. Ladies and gentlemen, I in the region are in deep crisis. It is estimated am honored to be here today, especially with that 40 percent of the primary schools in Cro- Congressman Tony Hall, a longstanding atia and 55 percent of those in Bosnia have champion of children in our own country and been either damaged or destroyed. throughout the world and the leading fighter Now that a lasting peace is at hand, we in the Congress and perhaps in the entire have to bring the Bosnian people the benefits United States in combating hunger. After vis- of that peace, starting with the children. And iting Bosnia this fall, Representative Hall that is exactly what USAID and UNICEF worked with UNICEF to design the impor- are doing. Together, they will lead a new, tant child survival initiative that we announce multinational initiative to immunize the chil- today. I thank UNICEF Director Carol Bel- dren of Bosnia, Croatia, and the Federal Re- lamy, not only for her work at UNICEF but public of Yugoslavia who have not had access for her previous service in our administration to decent health care during this war. Efforts as the Director of the Peace Corps; and the should begin before Christmas. Most of the USAID Administrator, Brian Atwood, who approximately 150,000 needy children in the has been a tireless advocate of America’s role region should be immunized within just 6 in promoting sustainable development, in months. providing developmental assistance, and pro- This initiative will also provide support for tecting the welfare of children throughout basic education systems. Remember the the world. comment of Zlata Filpovic, the Sarajevan girl I want to especially welcome here two who shared her experience of the war Bosnian families, the Kapetanovic family and through her remarkable diary. ‘‘For me,’’ she the Mundzahasic family, who fled the fight- said, ‘‘the school is a symbol of normal life. ing in their homeland and have been reset- When they take away my school, I said this tled as refugees here in the United States. really means something. They took my child- Welcome to both of you. hood, they took my school.’’ With this pro- These families know firsthand the terrible gram we can at least begin to give those chil- costs of war, the breakdown of basic human dren back their childhoods which were sto- services, the lack of medical care, the forced len. closure of schools. They know how des- USAID and UNICEF are finalizing plans perately the people of Bosnia need support for this $15 million initiative. The United and assistance from the international com- States will devote $2 million to back the ef- munity right now. fort now, and our goal is to contribute $5 Since the conflict in Bosnia began nearly million. We’ll also do our part to mobilize 4 years ago, our Nation has played a major other donors. We hope our friends and our role in providing emergency assistance, in- allies will join us in supporting this important cluding support for children, clean water and program for the children of the former Yugo- sanitation, food, shelter, and health care. But slavia. even with these efforts, the war in Bosnia We have just celebrated one of our most has seriously harmed the most innocent and treasured holidays, Thanksgiving. All across most vulnerable members of that society, its our country, Americans came together to children. give thanks for the blessings in their lives and Immunization rates have declined dra- the lives of their families. matically, putting tens of thousands of chil- This Thanksgiving, our Nation helped to dren at risk of potentially deadly whooping give the people of Bosnia a blessing as well: cough, measles, and diphtheria. The situation the first real hope of peace in nearly 4 years. has been aggravated by the onset of harsh I want to say a special thanks again to the

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citizens of Dayton, Ohio, who welcomed the sian partners. Tonight, I want to speak with Balkan leaders to Dayton and who dem- you about implementing the Bosnian peace onstrated on our behalf our vast and diverse agreement, and why our values and interests Nation all committed to living together in as Americans require that we participate. peace. Let me say at the outset, America’s role Now we have a responsibility to see this will not be about fighting a war. It will be achievement through. That is who we are as about helping the people of Bosnia to secure a people. That is what we stand for as a na- their own peace agreement. Our mission will tion. The people of Bosnia, the children of be limited, focused, and under the command Bosnia, have suffered unspeakable atrocities. of an American general. We must not, and we will not, turn our backs In fulfilling this mission, we will have the on peace. And I am very proud to begin this chance to help stop the killing of innocent very important day of discussion with the civilians, especially children, and at the same American people with this important an- time, to bring stability to Central Europe, a nouncement. region of the world that is vital to our national And again, I want to say a special word interests. It is the right thing to do. of thanks to Congressman Tony Hall for From our birth, America has always been coming to me with this idea and helping me more than just a place. America has em- to develop it and push it through to the point bodied an idea that has become the ideal for where we could announce it today. Thank you all, and thank you, Congress- billions of people throughout the world. Our man. Founders said it best: America is about life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In this President’s Address to the Nation century especially, America has done more Q. Mr. President, how hard a sell do you than simply stand for these ideals. We have face tonight with your speech? acted on them and sacrificed for them. Our The President. I think the American peo- people fought two World Wars so that free- ple will respond. I believe that they’re enti- dom could triumph over tyranny. After tled to an explanation, that our values and World War I, we pulled back from the world, our interests are very much at stake in the leaving a vacuum that was filled by the forces decision we make. And they’re also entitled of hatred. After World War II, we continued to an explanation about what exactly I pro- to lead the world. We made the commit- pose to have our troops do there as part of ments that kept the peace, that helped to the NATO mission. And I will do that this spread democracy, that created unparalleled evening. prosperity, and that brought victory in the But I believe they will respond. This is an cold war. extraordinary opportunity and we have a very Today, because of our dedication, Ameri- compelling responsibility, and I expect the ca’s ideals—liberty, democracy, and peace— American people to support it. are more and more the aspirations of people Thank you. everywhere in the world. It is the power of our ideas, even more than our size, our NOTE: The President spoke at 1:44 p.m. in the wealth, and our military might, that makes Roosevelt Room at the White House. America a uniquely trusted nation. With the cold war over, some people now Address to the Nation on question the need for our continued active Implementation of the Peace leadership in the world. They believe that, Agreement in Bosnia-Herzegovina much like after World War I, America can November 27, 1995 now step back from the responsibilities of leadership. They argue that to be secure we Good evening. Last week, the warring fac- need only to keep our own borders safe and tions in Bosnia reached a peace agreement, that the time has come now to leave to others as a result of our efforts in Dayton, Ohio, the hard work of leadership beyond our bor- and the support of our European and Rus- ders. I strongly disagree.

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As the cold war gives way to the global centration camps; and endless lines of refu- village, our leadership is needed more than gees marching toward a future of despair. ever because problems that start beyond our When I took office, some were urging im- borders can quickly become problems within mediate intervention in the conflict. I de- them. We’re all vulnerable to the organized cided that American ground troops should forces of intolerance and destruction; terror- not fight a war in Bosnia because the United ism; ethnic, religious and regional rivalries; States could not force peace on Bosnia’s war- the spread of organized crime and weapons ring ethnic groups, the Serbs, Croats, and of mass destruction and drug trafficking. Just Muslims. Instead, America has worked with as surely as fascism and communism, these our European allies in searching for peace, forces also threaten freedom and democracy, stopping the war from spreading, and easing peace and prosperity. And they, too, demand the suffering of the Bosnian people. American leadership. We imposed tough economic sanctions on But nowhere has the argument for our Serbia. We used our air power to conduct leadership been more clearly justified than the longest humanitarian airlift in history and in the struggle to stop or prevent war and to enforce a no-fly zone that took the war civil violence. From Iraq to Haiti, from South out of the skies. We helped to make peace Africa to Korea, from the Middle East to between two of the three warring parties, the Northern Ireland, we have stood up for Muslims and the Croats. But as the months peace and freedom because it’s in our inter- of war turned into years, it became clear that est to do so and because it is the right thing Europe alone could not end the conflict. to do. This summer, Bosnian Serb shelling once again turned Bosnia’s playgrounds and mar- Now, that doesn’t mean we can solve every ketplaces into killing fields. In response, the problem. My duty as President is to match United States led NATO’s heavy and contin- the demands for American leadership to our uous air strikes, many of them flown by strategic interest and to our ability to make skilled and brave American pilots. Those air a difference. America cannot and must not strikes, together with the renewed deter- be the world’s policeman. We cannot stop mination of our European partners and the all war for all time, but we can stop some Bosnian and Croat gains on the battlefield wars. We cannot save all women and all chil- convinced the Serbs, finally, to start thinking dren, but we can save many of them. We about making peace. can’t do everything, but we must do what At the same time, the United States initi- we can. ated an intensive diplomatic effort that There are times and places where our forged a Bosnia-wide cease-fire and got the leadership can mean the difference between parties to agree to the basic principles of peace and war, and where we can defend peace. Three dedicated American diplomats, our fundamental values as a people and serve Bob Frasure, Joe Kruzel, and Nelson Drew, our most basic, strategic interests. My fellow lost their lives in that effort. Tonight we re- Americans, in this new era there are still member their sacrifice and that of their fami- times when America and America alone can lies. And we will never forget their excep- and should make the difference for peace. tional service to our Nation. The terrible war in Bosnia is such a case. Finally, just 3 weeks ago, the Muslims, Nowhere today is the need for American Croats, and Serbs came to Dayton, Ohio, in leadership more stark or more immediate America’s heartland, to negotiate a settle- than in Bosnia. For nearly 4 years a terrible ment. There, exhausted by war, they made war has torn Bosnia apart. Horrors we prayed a commitment to peace. They agreed to put had been banished from Europe forever have down their guns, to preserve Bosnia as a sin- been seared into our minds again: skeletal gle state, to investigate and prosecute war prisoners caged behind barbed-wire fences; criminals, to protect the human rights of all women and girls raped as a tool of war; de- citizens, to try to build a peaceful, democratic fenseless men and boys shot down into mass future. And they asked for America’s help graves, evoking visions of World War II con- as they implement this peace agreement.

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America has a responsibility to answer that could spread like poison throughout the re- request, to help to turn this moment of hope gion, eat away at Europe’s stability, and into an enduring reality. To do that, troops erode our partnership with our European al- from our country and around the world lies. would go into Bosnia to give them the con- And America’s commitment to leadership fidence and support they need to implement will be questioned if we refuse to participate their peace plan. I refuse to send American in implementing a peace agreement we bro- troops to fight a war in Bosnia, but I believe kered right here in the United States, espe- we must help to secure the Bosnian peace. cially since the Presidents of Bosnia, Croatia, I want you to know tonight what is at stake, and Serbia all asked us to participate and all exactly what our troops will be asked to ac- pledged their best efforts to the security of complish, and why we must carry out our our troops. responsibility to help implement the peace When America’s partnerships are weak agreement. Implementing the agreement in and our leadership is in doubt, it undermines Bosnia can end the terrible suffering of the our ability to secure our interests and to con- people, the warfare, the mass executions, the vince others to work with us. If we do main- ethnic cleansing, the campaigns of rape and tain our partnerships and our leadership, we terror. Let us never forget a quarter of a mil- need not act alone. As we saw in the Gulf lion men, women, and children have been war and in Haiti, many other nations who shelled, shot, and tortured to death. Two mil- share our goals will also share our burdens. lion people, half of the population, were But when America does not lead, the con- forced from their homes and into a miserable sequences can be very grave, not only for life as refugees. And these faceless numbers others but eventually for us as well. hide millions of real personal tragedies. For each of the war’s victims was a mother or As I speak to you, NATO is completing daughter, a father or son, a brother or sister. its planning for IFOR, an international force Now the war is over. American leadership for peace in Bosnia of about 60,000 troops. created the chance to build a peace and stop Already, more than 25 other nations, includ- the suffering. Securing peace in Bosnia will ing our major NATO allies, have pledged to also help to build a free and stable Europe. take part. They will contribute about two- Bosnia lies at the very heart of Europe, next- thirds of the total implementation force, door to many of its fragile new democracies some 40,000 troops. The United States would and some of our closest allies. Generations contribute the rest, about 20,000 soldiers. of Americans have understood that Europe’s Later this week, the final NATO plan will freedom and Europe’s stability is vital to our be submitted to me for review and approval. own national security. That’s why we fought Let me make clear what I expect it to in- two wars in Europe. That’s why we launched clude, and what it must include, for me to the Marshall Plan to restore Europe. That’s give final approval to the participation of our why we created NATO and waged the cold Armed Forces. war. And that’s why we must help the nations First, the mission will be precisely defined of Europe to end their worst nightmare since with clear, realistic goals that can be achieved World War II, now. in a definite period of time. Our troops will The only force capable of getting this job make sure that each side withdraws its forces done is NATO, the powerful, military alli- behind the frontlines and keeps them there. ance of democracies that has guaranteed our They will maintain the cease-fire to prevent security for half a century now. And as the war from accidentally starting again. NATO’s leader and the primary broker of the These efforts, in turn, will help to create a peace agreement, the United States must be secure environment, so that the people of an essential part of the mission. If we’re not Bosnia can return to their homes, vote in free there, NATO will not be there; the peace elections, and begin to rebuild their lives. will collapse; the war will reignite; the slaugh- Our Joint Chiefs of Staff have concluded that ter of innocents will begin again. A conflict this mission should and will take about one that already has claimed so many victims year.

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Second, the risks to our troops will be in peace than war, so that peace takes on minimized. American troops will take their a life and a logic of its own. orders from the American general who com- In Bosnia we can and will succeed because mands NATO. They will be heavily armed our mission is clear and limited, and our and thoroughly trained. By making an over- troops are strong and very well-prepared. But whelming show of force, they will lessen the my fellow Americans, no deployment of need to use force. But unlike the U.N. forces, American troops is risk-free, and this one they will have the authority to respond imme- may well involve casualties. There may be diately, and the training and the equipment accidents in the field or incidents with people to respond with overwhelming force to any who have not given up their hatred. I will threat to their own safety or any violations take every measure possible to minimize of the military provisions of the peace agree- these risks, but we must be prepared for that ment. possibility. If the NATO plan meets with my approval As President my most difficult duty is to I will immediately send it to Congress and put the men and women who volunteer to request its support. I will also authorize the serve our Nation in harm’s way when our participation of a small number of American interests and values demand it. I assume full troops in a NATO advance mission that will responsibility for any harm that may come lay the groundwork for IFOR, starting some- to them. But anyone contemplating any ac- time next week. They will establish head- tion that would endanger our troops should quarters and set up the sophisticated com- know this: America protects its own. Any- munication systems that must be in place be- one—anyone who takes on our troops will fore NATO can send in its troops, tanks, and suffer the consequences. We will fight fire with fire and then some. trucks to Bosnia. After so much bloodshed and loss, after The implementation force itself would so many outrageous acts of inhuman brutal- begin deploying in Bosnia in the days follow- ity, it will take an extraordinary effort of will ing the formal signature of the peace agree- for the people of Bosnia to pull themselves ment in mid-December. The international from their past and start building a future community will help to implement arms con- of peace. But with our leadership and the trol provisions of the agreement so that fu- commitment of our allies, the people of Bos- ture hostilities are less likely and armaments nia can have the chance to decide their fu- are limited, while the world community, the ture in peace. They have a chance to remind United States and others, will also make sure the world that just a few short years ago the that the Bosnian Federation has the means mosques and churches of Sarajevo were a to defend itself once IFOR withdraws. IFOR shining symbol of multiethnic tolerance, that will not be a part of this effort. Bosnia once found unity in its diversity. In- Civilian agencies from around the world deed, the cemetery in the center of the city will begin a separate program of humani- was just a few short years ago a magnificent tarian relief and reconstruction, principally stadium which hosted the Olympics, our uni- paid for by our European allies and other versal symbol of peace and harmony. Bosnia interested countries. This effort is also abso- can be that kind of place again. We must lutely essential to making the peace endure. not turn our backs on Bosnia now. It will bring the people of Bosnia the food, And so I ask all Americans, and I ask every shelter, clothing, and medicine so many have Member of Congress, Democrat and Repub- been denied for so long. It will help them lican alike, to make the choice for peace. In to rebuild—to rebuild their roads and the choice between peace and war, America schools, their power plants and hospitals, must choose peace. their factories and shops. It will reunite chil- My fellow Americans, I ask you to think dren with their parents and families with just for a moment about this century that is their homes. It will allow the Bosnians freely drawing to close and the new one that will to choose their own leaders. It will give all soon begin. Because previous generations of the people of Bosnia a much greater stake Americans stood up for freedom and because

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we continue to do so, the American people questions. I know there are many questions, are more secure and more prosperous. And and good questions, that have to be answered all around the world, more people than ever to the Members of Congress and on behalf before live in freedom. More people than of the American people coming through the ever before are treated with dignity. More Members of Congress. This is the first of people than ever before can hope to build many, many more meetings we will have in a better life. That is what America’s leader- the aftermath of the talk I gave to the Amer- ship is all about. ican people last night. And I’m looking for- We know that these are the blessings of ward to beginning it. freedom. And America has always been free- Thank you. dom’s greatest champion. If we continue to Q. What has been the response of the Re- do everything we can to share these blessings publican leadership so far, Mr. President? with people around the world, if we continue The President. We had—as you know, we to be leaders for peace, then the next century had a meeting before this meeting with the can be the greatest time our Nation has ever Republican and Democratic leadership of known. the Congress to discuss scheduling of hear- A few weeks ago, I was privileged to spend ings, debate, and vote. And we had a very some time with His Holiness, Pope John Paul constructive meeting. I think I should let II, when he came to America. At the very them speak for themselves, but I was very end of our meeting, the Pope looked at me pleased by the meeting. and said, ‘‘I have lived through most of this Q. What will you do to overcome public century. I remember that it began with a war skepticism, Mr. President? in Sarajevo. Mr. President, you must not let The President. Just more of what we’re it end with a war in Sarajevo.’’ doing. We’ll keep answering questions and In Bosnia, this terrible war has challenged reasserting what is at stake here in terms of our interests and troubled our souls. Thank- the values, the interests of the American peo- fully, we can do something about it. I say ple, and the leadership of our country and again, our mission will be clear, limited, and our partnerships with our allies. achievable. The people of Bosnia, our NATO Thank you. allies, and people all around the world are now looking to America for leadership. So NOTE: The President spoke at 4:03 p.m. in the let us lead. That is our responsibility as State Dining Room at the White House. A portion Americans. of these remarks could not be verified because Goodnight, and God bless America. the tape was incomplete.

NOTE: The President spoke at 8 p.m. from the Oval Office at the White House. Statement on Signing the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 Remarks Prior to a Meeting With November 28, 1995 Congressional Leaders and an Exchange With Reporters Today I have signed into law S. 440, the November 28, 1995 ‘‘National Highway System Designation Act of 1995.’’ This Act advances my Administra- Bosnia tion’s continued commitment to strategic in- The President. Well, thank you very vestment in our Nation’s infrastructure. It re- much for coming today. I just wanted to say, leases immediately more than $5 billion in again, I appreciate the interest here in the funding for highway and other transportation Congress, the remarkable turnout. I’m look- projects. It also implements my proposal for ing forward to this meeting. a ‘‘Zero Tolerance’’ policy toward drinking As I said last night, the United States faces and driving by those under age 21. an historic choice between peace and war. I am disturbed, however, by the repeal of I believe we will choose peace. I’m looking certain key safety measures and will work to forward to having the chance to answer these mitigate the impact of their repeal.

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This Act is the culmination of several years’ June, I called on the Congress to make ‘‘Zero work by all levels of government to identify Tolerance’’ the law of the land and require highways of national significance—routes States to adopt a Zero Tolerance standard that will support our Nation’s needs for effi- for drivers under the age of 21. It is already cient, safe, and reliable transportation. The against the law for young people to consume designation of the National Highway System alcohol. This national standard will reinforce makes clear that transportation infrastructure these laws by making it effectively illegal for should be viewed as a single system, with young people who have been drinking to each mode complementing the others. Man- drive an automobile. ufacturers and shippers rely on several Many States have already enacted Zero modes of transportation to deliver their prod- Tolerance laws. These laws work—alcohol- ucts to consumers in the most efficient man- related crashes involving teenage drivers are ner possible. The National Highway System down as much as 20 percent in those States. unites these different modes by providing ac- When all States have these laws, hundreds cess to major ports, airports, rail stations, and more lives will be saved and thousands of public transit facilities. The National High- injuries will be prevented. I commend the way System also provides 53 critical connec- Congress for heeding my call and making tions to Canada and Mexico so that goods Zero Tolerance the standard nationwide for can move across our Nation’s borders effi- drivers under the age of 21. ciently. S. 440 establishes innovative ways to at- In 1992, I saw the way in which our Na- tract new forms of investment in transpor- tion’s highways reach all Americans. Vice tation and gives States greater flexibility and President Gore and I traveled much of this more options to utilize limited Federal trans- great land in buses, and we met the American portation funds effectively. It also eliminates people where they live and where they work. unnecessary Federal requirements such as Whether at a truck stop in Carlisle, Pennsyl- those concerning highway building materials vania, or at dusk on U.S. Highway 51 in and program management. This will enable Sandoval, Illinois, we saw and heard what ac- Federal transportation officials to focus their cess and mobility mean to opportunity and efforts on the most useful and cost-effective economic well-being. It was during our first ways of achieving important safety aims and bus trip, from New York City to St. Louis, increase States’ discretion to implement their Missouri, that I made a commitment to re- highway programs in ways best suited to their build America. And I’m proud to say, this own circumstances. National Highway System bill builds on all In approving S. 440, however, I must note the work we have done in the last 3 years that some of my most serious concerns with to do just that. this legislation have not been remedied. I am But the National Highway System is also deeply disturbed by the repeal of both the something more. It is a prime example of national maximum speed limit law and the the strategic investment of Federal re- law encouraging States to enact motorcycle sources. The National Highway System com- helmet use laws. I am also disturbed that this prises only 4 percent of our Nation’s high- Act could potentially exempt large numbers ways, but these roads carry almost half of our of small- to medium-sized trucks and their highway traffic and most of our Nation’s drivers from critical safety regulations gov- truck and tourist traffic. The improvements erning driver qualifications and truck mainte- made to these roads will not only support nance. our Nation’s economic, national defense, and Without question, these laws have saved mobility needs, but directly and significantly lives. The States, now given greater authority improve the safety of these key national road- over issues of highway safety, must exercise ways. The funds released by this legislation this authority responsibly. I am, therefore, and used to upgrade noninterstate highways strongly committed to the requirement in will provide significant safety benefits. this Act for Federal and State officials to This Act also includes an essential and work together to assess the costs and benefits commonsense highway safety measure. Last of any change in speed limits. I have in-

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structed the Secretary of Transportation to new sanctions, the Iranian Transactions Reg- develop an action plan to promote safety con- ulations, 31 CFR Part 560, have been com- sistent with my Administration’s continuing prehensively amended. commitment to highway safety. My Adminis- There have been no amendments to the tration will redouble our efforts to protect Iranian Assets Control Regulations, 31 CFR those who travel on our Nation’s highways. Part 535, since the last report. However, the Although I am disappointed by the Con- amendments to the Iranian Transactions gress’ actions on these important safety Regulations that implement the new separate measures, I believe that this legislation will national emergency are of some relevance to benefit the Nation by designating and fund- the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal (the ing the National Highway System, strength- ‘‘Tribunal’’) and related activities. For exam- ening the backbone of our transportation sys- ple, sections 560.510, 560.513, and 560.525 tem, providing jobs and economic opportuni- contain general licenses with respect to, and ties, funding vital transportation projects in provide for specific licensing of, certain every State, and making Zero Tolerance the transactions related to arbitral activities. law of the land. 2. The Tribunal, established at The Hague William J. Clinton pursuant to the Algiers Accords, continues to make progress in arbitrating the claims be- The White House, fore it. Since my last report, the Tribunal has November 28, 1995. rendered four awards, bringing the total number to 566. As of September 29, 1995, NOTE: S. 440, approved November 28, was as- signed Public Law No. 104–59. the value of awards to successful American claimants from the Security Account held by the NV Settlement Bank stood at Message to the Congress on Iran $2,368,274,541.67. November 28, 1995 Iran has not replenished the Security Ac- count established by the Accords to ensure To the Congress of the United States: payment of awards to successful U.S. claim- I hereby report to the Congress on devel- ants since October 8, 1992. The Account has opments since the last Presidential report of remained continuously below the $500 mil- May 18, 1995, concerning the national emer- lion balance required by the Algiers Accords gency with respect to Iran that was declared since November 5, 1992. As of September in Executive Order No. 12170 of November 29, 1995, the total amount in the Security 14, 1979. This report is submitted pursuant Account was $188,105,627.95, and the total to section 204(c) of the International Emer- amount in the Interest Account was gency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. $32,066,870.62. 1703(c) and section 505(c) of the Inter- Therefore, the United States continues to national Security and Development Co- pursue Case A/28, filed in September 1993, operation Act of 1985, 22 U.S.C. 2349aa– to require Iran to meet its obligations under 9(c). This report covers events through Sep- the Accords to replenish the Security Ac- tember 29, 1995. My last report, dated May count. Iran filed its Statement of Defense 18, 1995, covered events through April 18, in that case on August 31, 1995. The United 1995. States is preparing a Reply for filing on De- 1. On March 15 of this year by Executive cember 4, 1995. Order No. 12957, I declared a separate na- 3. The Department of State continues to tional emergency pursuant to the Inter- present other United States Government national Emergency Economic Powers Act claims against Iran, in coordination with con- and imposed separate sanctions. Executive cerned government agencies, and to respond Order No. 12959, issued May 6, 1995, then to claims brought against the United States significantly augmented those new sanctions. by Iran, in coordination with concerned gov- As a result, as I reported on September 18, ernment agencies. 1995, in conjunction with the declaration of In September 1995, the Departments of a separate emergency and the imposition of Justice and State represented the United

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States in the first Tribunal hearing on a gov- reported in my May 1995 Report, Case B/ ernment-to-government claim in 5 years. The 61 involves a claim by Iran for compensation Full Tribunal heard arguments in Cases A/ with respect to primarily military equipment 15(IV) and A/24. Case A/15(IV) is an inter- that Iran alleges it did not receive. The pretive dispute in which Iran claims that the equipment was purchased pursuant to com- United States has violated the Algiers Ac- mercial contracts with more than 50 private cords by its alleged failure to terminate all American companies. Iran alleges that it suf- litigation against Iran in U.S. courts. Case A/ fered direct losses and consequential dam- 24 involves a similar interpretive dispute in ages in excess of $2 billion in total because which, specifically, Iran claims that the obli- of the United States Government’s refusal to gation of the United States under the Ac- allow the export of the equipment after Janu- cords to terminate litigation prohibits a law- ary 19, 1981, in alleged contravention of the suit against Iran by the McKesson Corpora- Algiers Accords. tion from proceeding in U.S. District Court 4. Since my last report, the Tribunal has for the District of Columbia. The McKesson issued two important awards in favor of U.S. Corporation reactivated that litigation against nationals considered dual U.S.-Iranian na- Iran in the United States following the Tribu- tionals by the Tribunal. On July 7, 1995, the nal’s negative ruling on Foremost McKesson Tribunal issued Award No. 565, awarding a Incorporated’s claim before the Tribunal. claimant $1.1 million plus interest for Iran’s Also in September 1995, Iran filed briefs expropriation of the claimant’s shares in the in two cases, to which the United States is Iranian architectural firm of Abdolaziz now preparing responses. In Case A/11, Iran Farmafarmaian & Associates. On July 14, filed its Hearing Memorial and Evidence. In 1995, the Tribunal issued Award No. 566, that case, Iran has sued the United States awarding two claimants $129,869 each, plus for $10 billion, alleging that the United States interest, as compensation for Iran’s taking of failed to fulfill its obligations under the Ac- real property inherited by the claimants from cords to assist Iran in recovering the assets their father. Award No. 566 is significant in of the former Shah of Iran. Iran alleges that that it is the Tribunal’s first decision award- the United States improperly failed to (1) ing dual national claimants compensation for freeze the U.S. assets of the Shah’s estate Iran’s expropriation of real property in Iran. and certain U.S. assets of close relatives of 5. The situation reviewed above continues the Shah; (2) report to Iran all known infor- to implicate important diplomatic, financial, mation about such assets; and (3) otherwise and legal interests of the United States and assist Iran in such litigation. its nationals and presents an unusual chal- In Case A/15(II:A), 3 years after the Tribu- lenge to the national security and foreign pol- nal’s partial award in the case, Iran filed icy of the United States. The Iranian Assets briefs and evidence relating to 10 of Iran’s Control Regulations issued pursuant to Exec- claims against the United States Government utive Order No. 12170 continue to play an for nonmilitary property allegedly held by important role in structuring our relationship private companies in the United States. Al- with Iran and in enabling the United States though Iran’s submission was made in re- to implement properly the Algiers Accords. sponse to a Tribunal order directing Iran to I shall continue to exercise the powers at my file its brief and evidence ‘‘concerning all re- disposal to deal with these problems and will maining issues to be decided by this Case,’’ continue to report periodically to the Con- Iran’s filing failed to address many claims in gress on significant developments. the case. In August 1995, the United States filed the William J. Clinton second of two parts of its consolidated sub- mission on the merits in Case B/61, address- The White House, ing issues of liability and compensation. As November 28, 1995.

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Message to the Congress In just a few days, I will become the first Transmitting the Railroad American President ever to visit Northern Retirement Board Report Ireland. Last year’s cease-fire and the process of negotiations has sparked a remarkable November 28, 1995 transformation in that land. For the first time To the Congress of the United States: in 25 years, children can walk to school with- I transmit herewith the Annual Report of out fear. Bomb-shattered shopfronts have the Railroad Retirement Board for Fiscal both been replaced by new businesses. Peo- Year 1994, pursuant to the provisions of sec- ple can visit their relatives and friends with- tion 7(b)(6) of the Railroad Retirement Act out the burdens of checkpoints or barricades. and section 12(1) of the Railroad Unemploy- Crossing the border between north and south ment Insurance Act. is as simple as going over a speed bump. The twin-track initiative builds on those William J. Clinton achievements. It brings the people of North- The White House, ern Ireland one step closer to the day when November 28, 1995. the only barriers their children will face are the limits of their dreams. Today’s announcement also brings hope Remarks on Departure for the and strength to all those who struggle for United Kingdom peace around the world. It demonstrates that November 28, 1995 the will for peace is more powerful than bombs and bullets. And it reminds us once I have just come from a meeting with the again that, with courage and resolve, bitter congressional leadership, where we discussed legacies of conflict can be overcome. the importance of continuing America’s lead- The United States is proud to support the ership in the search for peace in Bosnia. I peacemakers in Northern Ireland, in the emphasized to them this afternoon, as I did Middle East, in Bosnia, and throughout the to the American people last evening, that our world. Those who stand up for peace will mission will be clear, limited, and achievable, have the United States standing with them. and that the risks to our troops will be mini- Thank you very much. mized. Bosnia is a case where our leadership can make the difference between peace and NOTE: The President spoke at 7:26 p.m. on the South Lawn at the White House. In his remarks, war. And America must choose peace. he referred to Prime Minister of the Now I am departing for Europe, where United Kingdom and Prime Minister John Bruton British Prime Minister Major and Irish Prime of Ireland. Minister Bruton have just announced the launching of a promising new twin-track ini- tiative to advance the peace process in The President’s News Conference Northern Ireland. I want to salute both these With Prime Minister John Major of leaders for their vision, their courage, and the United Kingdom in London, for their leadership for peace. The twin-track initiative will establish an November 29, 1995 international body to address the issue of arms decommissioning, while at the same Prime Minister Major. Can I, firstly, wel- time organizing preliminary political talks in come the President here to London. I’m de- which all parties—all parties will be invited lighted he’s been able to come in what is, to participate. I am pleased that former Sen- I know, for him an extremely busy time. And ator George Mitchell will chair the inter- he and Mrs. Clinton are extremely welcome national body. The goal is to bring all the guests here. parties together for political talks on the fu- The President’s come to London fresh ture of Northern Ireland. This is an oppor- from explaining to Congress and the Amer- tunity to begin a dialog in which all views ican people his plans for a very large United are presented and all are heard. States contribution to the peace implementa-

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tion force in Bosnia. Bosnia is, and has been ously agreed to undertake the work as chair- for some years, a shared responsibility. Brit- man of the new body to look at the question ish troops have been there now for some- of decommissioning. thing over 3 years, in numbers ranging up George Mitchell, of course, is no stranger to 8,000 at a time. And both of our countries to the situation in Northern Ireland and over have made huge contributions to the inter- the years has given us very great help in pro- national aid effort. moting investment in Northern Ireland’s What I think we now need to do is to carry economy. So I think the chairmanship of the the remarkable Dayton agreements through international body is in very good hands. And to a successful conclusion. Dayton was a very I’m very grateful to Senator Mitchell for un- hard-won and hugely important break- dertaking it and for the President for permit- through by the United States and her Con- ting that. tact Group partners. And for the first time I had the opportunity with the President in the many discussions over the years that this morning of discussing the present situa- the President and I have had on Bosnia, we tion in Northern Ireland. What I hope people can look this morning at a realistic prospect will see with his visit there in a day or so of a real and lasting peace in Bosnia. is the changed life in Northern Ireland. For But it is still a fragile prospect, and we far too long, the world has been very familiar need to make sure that it doesn’t in some with the negative side of Northern Ireland. fashion just slip away from us. And that is I think the President’s visit will enable him why we both agree that it’s vital to deploy and his colleagues to see how very dramati- a genuinely effective implementation force cally life has changed there over the past 15 to Bosnia as soon as the peace agreements months. And we look forward to carrying that come into effect. I very much welcome the further. President’s intention to contribute a large We had the opportunity of discussing a force to that particular cause. number of other matters, but I think in the I can certainly confirm that we shall do limited time available, I won’t touch upon the same. We intend to make a large con- those at the moment, but I will invite the tribution; around 13,000 troops will be the President to say a few words. size of the British contribution to that force. The President. Thank you very much, They will find themselves working in the fu- Prime Minister. This is my sixth trip to Eu- ture, as so many times in the past, with their rope as President and the latest of the many, American colleagues in a common endeavor. many sessions I have had with Prime Min- And I believe it’s an endeavor of immense ister Major. Europe and the United States importance to the future of Bosnia and for have unbreakable ties, but the United King- many places beyond it. And I look forward dom and the United States enjoy a unique to the peace implementation conference in and enduring relationship. London in a couple of weeks’ time, which Because of our values and the work we will work on the very important civil aspects have done together over the last 50 years, of that peace agreement. the things we stand for are more and more The President and I this morning have also becoming widely accepted all around the had the opportunity of talking about North- world. Today, we discussed our ongoing ef- ern Ireland and about the twin-track initia- forts to reinforce our partnership; to reduce tive that I launched yesterday with the Irish the threat of weapons of mass destruction; Prime Minister. I am delighted that the to combat terrorism, international crime, and President will tomorrow become the first drug-trafficking; and to advance the global serving United States President to visit march of peace. And of course, we mostly Northern Ireland. I have no doubt that that discussed Northern Ireland and Bosnia. will give a huge encouragement to the people Let me begin by just congratulating the in Northern Ireland who have been working Prime Minister on the important initiative for peace. And I’m sure that it will boost the that he and Prime Minister Bruton an- very valuable help that George Mitchell will nounced yesterday to advance the process of be giving us in his work, for he has gener- peace in Northern Ireland.

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The twin-track initiative will establish an fuller integration of Russia and Europe re- international body to address arms decom- mains a key goal that both of us share. We missioning and at the same time, will initiate also reaffirmed our joint determination to preliminary political talks in which all parties open NATO to new membership in a gradual will be invited to participate. This is an op- and open way. portunity for them to begin a dialog in which I also welcome the priority the United all views are represented and all voices are Kingdom has given to strengthening the At- heard. lantic community. This weekend at the sum- I cannot say enough to the British people mit meeting between the United States and how much I appreciate and admire the Prime the European Union in Madrid, I hope we Minister in taking this kind of risk for peace. can agree on a vigorous Atlantic agenda that This was not an easy action for him to take, we can both work to implement. not an easy action for Prime Minister Bruton Let me just close by saying that we live to take. Very often, people who take risks in a time of remarkable opportunity for peace for peace are not appreciated for doing so. and prosperity, for open markets and open But we in the United States appreciate this societies, for human dignity and human de- work and hope very much that it will prove cency. Together the United States and the fruitful. United Kingdom have helped to shape this Tomorrow, I will visit a Northern Ireland hopeful moment in our history. We have that is closer to true peace than at any time some more work to do. We just talked about in a generation. And the risks that have been two of our biggest challenges. But I am con- taken to date by the Prime Minister and by fident that our people are up to those chal- the Irish Prime Minister and his predecessor lenges and that that work will be done. are a big reason why. Prime Minister Major. Now, the Presi- The United Kingdom has also taken ex- dent has a speech to deliver in Parliament traordinary risks for peace in Bosnia. The not very long ahead, but we can take just United States deeply appreciates all this a few questions. country has done to end the suffering in Bos- Yes, the lady in the red scarf. nia, your brave soldiers who risked their lives as part of UNPROFOR, your countless hu- manitarian relief efforts to aid the people of Bosnia that war-torn land, your diplomatic and mili- Q. President Clinton, could you let us tary strength as members of the Contact know if one of the things you discussed was Group and NATO. arming and training the Bosnian military and Now the people of Bosnia have made a how that will work as part of this peace proc- commitment to peace, and we have to do ess? our part to help it succeed. That means par- The President. Yes, we discussed that, but ticipating in NATO’s implementation force, in our roles as a part of the NATO mission, not to fight a war in Bosnia but to help secure neither the NATO forces of the United a peace. It means implementing the arms States or the United Kingdom will be in- controls provisions of that agreement while volved in that. There is an agreement among ensuring that the Bosnian Federation has the the parties that they will work for 6 months means to defend itself once NATO with- to achieve an arms control agreement; that draws. And it means supporting the recon- they will do everything they can to agree on struction in Bosnia so that all the people a fair way to reduce the number of arms in there can share in the benefits of peace. Bosnia; that if they fail to reach agreement If we can secure the peace in Bosnia— there will be a 25-percent reduction by all and I am convinced that we can and will— the parties in the region, preserving roughly that will bring us a step closer to the goal the ratio of arms that exist now between Ser- of a free, peaceful, and undivided Europe. bia, Croatia, and Bosnia but at a smaller level, The Prime Minister and I discussed devel- and that within Bosnia proper, the Bosnian opments in Russia, including the upcoming Federation will have a roughly 2-to-1 ratio parliamentary elections, and agreed that of arms and that that will have to be supplied

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in terms of equipment and training by third ity for peace forward. Now, that can be parties, which we are confident will occur. achieved if the politicians in the North are able to reach themselves an agreement that Ireland this conflict is over. And what we were seek- Q. Mr. President, do you accept the Brit- ing was a mechanism of carrying this forward ish Government’s position that there must be so that that work would continue. some giving up of arms by the paramilitaries, But I emphasize the point, peace isn’t in and especially by Sinn Fein IRA, before all my gift or in John Bruton’s gift. It is in the party talks can begin? gift of all the people who at present have The President. I accept the British Gov- caused the conflict. We must bring them to- ernment’s position announced yesterday in gether. Constant examining of the detailed the twin tracks. That is, I believe the agree- problems found a way through. ment represented—or reflected in what Q. Did the President’s trip have anything Prime Minister Bruton and Prime Minister to do with it? Major announced yesterday has set forth a Prime Minister Major. I think the fact framework within which these differences of that the President’s trip—the President was opinion can be resolved. And I hope the coming concentrated the mind. framework will be accepted by all the parties. Q. Now that you have agreement, are you My answer to you, sir, is that the United prepared to accompany the President to Bel- States, whether it’s in the Middle East or fast on any part of his trip? And like the Bosnia or in Northern Ireland, has tried to President, are you prepared to meet all the support a reasonable peace process, not to party leaders in Northern Ireland now? dictate the terms or make the decisions. The Prime Minister Major. Well, I’ve met twin-track process is a reasonable peace most of the party leaders in Northern Ire- process. And it is not for us to get into the land. In due course I will meet them all. I details of the judgment that the countries and the parties will have to make. won’t be meeting them all quite yet. And I Prime Minister Major. Yes, Helen think the President is being accompanied by [Helen Thomas, United Press International]. the Secretary of State to Northern Ireland. Q. What broke the camel’s back on this? I will be answering questions in Parliament. You were arguing for so long on this one Q. Mr. President, is your message to the issue. Was there one thing that turned the IRA that they should start surrendering their tide, one catalyst? weapons and explosives now, immediately? Prime Minister Major. Well, there were The President. My message is that the a whole range of points we’ve been discuss- twin-tracks process has provided a mecha- ing over the last few days. It wasn’t just the nism for all of the parties honorably now to decommissioning issue. There were a range bring their concerns to the table and to be of other issues as well. And I think time wore heard and that, in the end, peace means away the difference—time and patience on peace, and we’re all going to have to support both sides. that. I think the number of meetings that there But the message I should give in public have been over the last few weeks, the num- is the same message I would give in private: bers of discussions I’ve had with John I think the framework set out by Prime Min- Bruton—I’ve absolutely no doubt both our ister Major and Prime Minister Bruton is the telephone bills will be astronomical, but we best opportunity I have seen to resolve all think it’s worthwhile. It was simply that we of these issues, and I think it should be em- saw that a deal needed to be reached if we braced and I hope it will be. were to regain the momentum and carry this Prime Minister Major. Have we time for process forward. one more? Yes, gentleman there. We can’t deliver peace, John Bruton and Q. Mr. Prime Minister, do you think Mr. I. We can’t do that. What we can do is facili- President—the President has been too ac- tate peace. And what we are putting in place commodating to Mr. Adams, or do you think is a process that will help to carry that capac- it’s now—his efforts have been worthwhile?

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Prime Minister Major. I don’t think it’s Here, where the voices of Pitt and Burke, a question of being accommodating at all. Disraeli and Gladstone rang out; here, where American support in this process has always the rights of English men and women were been immensely helpful, and the President secured and enlarged; here, where the Brit- has always taken a very great interest in that ish people’s determination to stand against process. There is a communal interest in the tyrannies of this century were shouted achieving a satisfactory settlement in North- to the entire world: Here is a monument to ern Ireland. It’s very much in the interest liberty to which every free person owes of everybody in Northern Ireland, very close honor and gratitude. to my heart and something very close to the As one whose ancestors came from these President’s heart as well. And I welcome the isles, I cherish this opportunity. Since I en- tremendous support he’s been, both publicly tered public life I have often thought of the and privately. I think that has been very help- words of Prime Minister Churchill when he ful, and I’m very pleased to have the oppor- spoke to our Congress in 1941. He said that tunity of thanking him for it in public. Thank if his father had been American and his you very much, indeed. mother British, instead of the other way The President. Thank you. around, he might have gotten there on his own. [Laughter] Well, for a long time I NOTE: The President’s 106th news conference thought that if my forebears had not left this began at 11:20 a.m., at . A re- country perhaps I might have gotten here on porter referred to Gerry Adams, leader of Sinn my own, at least to the House of Commons. Fein. A tape was not available for verification of But I have to tell you, now our American the content of this news conference. television carries your ‘‘question time.’’ And I have seen Prime Minister Major and Mr. Blair and the other members slicing each Remarks to the Parliament of the other up, face-to-face—[laughter]—with United Kingdom in London such great wit and skill, against the din of November 29, 1995 cheers and jeers. I am now convinced my forebears did me a great favor by coming to My Lord Chancellor, Madam Speaker, America. [Laughter] Lord Privy Seal, the Lord President of the Today the United States and the United Council, Mr. Prime Minister, my Lords, and Kingdom glory in an extraordinary relation- Members of the House of Commons: To the ship that unites us in a way never before seen Lord Chancellor, the longer I hear you talk in the ties between two such great nations. the more I wish we had an institution like It is perhaps all the more remarkable because this in American Government. I look out and of our history. see so many of your distinguished leaders in First, the war we waged for our independ- the , and I think it might not ence, and then barely three decades later, be a bad place to be after a long and trouble- another war we waged in which your able some political career. [Laughter] My wife forces laid siege to our Capitol. Indeed, the and I are honored to be here today, and I White House still bears the burn marks of thank you for inviting me to address you. that earlier stage in our relationship. And I have been here to Westminster many now, whenever we have even the most minor times before. As a student, I visited often, disagreement I walk out on the Truman Bal- and over the last 20 years I have often re- cony and I look at those burn marks, just turned. Always I have felt the power of this to remind myself that I dare not let this rela- place, where the voices of free people who tionship get out of hand again. [Laughter] love liberty, believe in reason, and struggle In this century we overcame the legacy of for truth have for centuries kept your great our differences. We discovered our common nation a beacon of hope for all the world, heritage again, and even more important, we and a very special model for your former rediscovered our shared values. This Novem- colonies which became the United States of ber, we are reminded of how exactly the America. bonds that now join us grew, of the three

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great trials our nations have faced together peace we shared in war when everything was in this century. at stake. A few weeks ago we marked the anniver- In this new world our lives are not so very sary of that day in 1918 when the guns fell much at risk, but much of what makes life silent in World War I, a war we fought side worth living is still very much at stake. We by side to defend democracy against mili- have fought our wars. Now let us wage our tarism and reaction. On this Veterans Day peace. for us and Remembrance Day for you, we This time is full of possibility. The chasm both paid special tribute to the British and of ideology has disappeared. Around the American generation that, 50 years ago now, world, the ideals we defended and advanced in the skies over the Channel, on the craggy are now shared by more people than ever hills of Italy, in the jungles of Burma, in the before. In Europe and many other nations flights over the Hump did not fail or falter. long-suffering peoples at last control their In the greatest struggle for freedom in all our destinies. And as the cold war gives way of history, they saved the world. to the global village, economic freedom is Our nations emerged from that war with spreading alongside political freedom, bring- the resolve to prevent another like it. We ing with it renewed hope for a better life, bound ourselves together with other democ- rooted in the honorable and healthy competi- racies in the West and with Japan, and we tion of effort and ideas. stood firm throughout the long twilight strug- America is determined to maintain our al- gle of the cold war, from the Berlin Airlift liance for freedom and peace with you, and of 1948, to the fall of the Berlin Wall on an- determined to seek the partnership of all other November day just 6 years ago. like-minded nations to confront the threats In the years since, we have also stood to- still before us. We know the way. Together gether, fighting together for victory in the we have seen how we succeed when we work Persian Gulf, standing together against ter- together. rorism, working together to remove the nu- When President Roosevelt and Prime clear cloud from our children’s bright future, Minister Churchill first met on the deck of and together, preparing the way for peace the HMS Prince of Wales in 1941 at one of in Bosnia, where your peacekeepers have the loneliest moments in your nation’s his- performed heroically and saved the lives of tory, they joined in prayer, and the Prime so many innocent people. I thank the British Minister was filled with hope. Afterwards, he nation for its strength and its sacrifice said, ‘‘The same language, the same hymns, through all these struggles. And I am proud more or less the same ideals. Something big to stand here on behalf of the American peo- may be happening, something very big.’’ ple to salute you. Well, once again, he was right. Something Ladies and gentlemen, in this century, de- really big happened. On the basis of those mocracy has not merely endured, it has pre- ideals, Churchill and Roosevelt and all of vailed. Now it falls to us to advance the cause their successors built an enduring alliance that so many fought and sacrificed and died and a genuine friendship between our na- for. In this new era, we must rise not in a tions. Other times in other places are littered call to arms but in a call to peace. with the vows of friendship sworn during bat- The great American philosopher, John tle and then abandoned in peacetime. This Dewey, once said, ‘‘The only way to abolish one stands alone, unbroken, above all the war is to make peace heroic.’’ Well, we know rest, a model for the ties that should bind we will never abolish war or all the forces all democracies. that cause it because we cannot abolish To honor that alliance and the Prime Min- human nature or the certainty of human ister who worked so mightily to create it, I error. But we can make peace heroic. And am pleased to announce here, in the home in so doing, we can create a future even more of British freedom, that the United States true to our ideals than all our glorious past. will name one of the newest and most power- To do so, we must maintain the resolve in ful of its surface ships, a guided missile de-

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stroyer, the United States Ship Winston Tomorrow I will have the privilege of Churchill. being the first American President to visit When that ship slips down the ways in the Northern Ireland, a Northern Ireland where final year of this century, its name will ride the guns are quiet and the children play with- the seas as a reminder for the coming century out fear. I applaud the efforts of Prime Min- of an indomitable man who shaped our age, ister Major and Irish Prime Minister Bruton who stood always for freedom, who showed who announced yesterday their new twin- anew the glorious strength of the human track initiative to advance the peace process, spirit. an initiative that provides an opportunity to I thank the members of the Churchill fam- begin a dialog in which all views are rep- ily who are here today with us, Lady Soames, resented and all views can be heard. Nicholas Soames, Winston Churchill, and I This is a bold step forward for peace. I thank the British people for their friendship applaud the Prime Minister for taking this and their strength over these many years. risk for peace. It is always a hard choice, the After so much success together we know choice for peace, for success is far from guar- that our relationship with the United King- dom must be at the heart of our striving in anteed, and even if you fail, there will be this new era. Because of the history we have those who resent you for trying. But it is the lived, because of the power and prosperity right thing to do. And in the end, the right we enjoy, because of the accepted truth that will win. you and we have no dark motives in our deal- Despite all of the progress we have made ings with other nations, we still bear a burden in all these areas and despite the problems of special responsibility. clearly still out there, are those who say at In these few years since the cold war we this moment of hope we can afford to relax have met that burden by making gains for now behind our secure borders. Now is the peace and security that ordinary people feel time, they say, to let others worry about the every day. We have stepped back from the world’s troubles. These are the siren songs nuclear precipice with the indefinite exten- of myth. They once lured the United States sion of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, into isolationism after World War I. They and we hope next year a comprehensive test counseled appeasement to Britain on the ban treaty. very brink of World War II. We have gone For the first time in a generation parents down that road before. We must never go in Los Angeles and Manchester and, yes, in down that road again. We will never go down Moscow, can now turn out the lights at night that road again. knowing there are no nuclear weapons point- Though the cold war is over, the forces ed at their children. Our nations are working of destruction challenge us still. Today, they together to lay the foundation for lasting are armed with a full array of threats, not prosperity. We are bringing down economic just the single weapon of frontal war. We see barriers between nations with the historic them at work in the spread of weapons of GATT agreement and other actions that are mass destruction, from nuclear smuggling in creating millions of good jobs for our own Europe to a vial of sarin gas being broken people and for people throughout the world. The United States and the United Kingdom open in the Tokyo subway, to the bombing are supporting men and women who em- of the World Trade Center in New York. We brace freedom and democracy the world over see it in the growth of ethnic hatred, extreme with good results, from South Africa to Cen- nationalism and religious fanaticism, which tral Europe, from Haiti to the Middle East. most recently took the life of one of the In the United States, we feel a special grat- greatest champions of peace in the entire itude for your efforts in Northern Ireland. world, the Prime Minister of Israel. We see With every passing month, more people walk it in the terrorism that just in recent months the streets and live their lives safely, people has murdered innocent people from who otherwise would have been added to the Islamabad to Paris, from Riyadh to Okla- toll of The Troubles. homa City. And we see it in the international

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organized crime and drug trade that poisons Now the warring parties in Bosnia have our children and our communities. committed themselves to peace, and they In their variety these forces of disintegra- have asked us to help them make it hold, tion are waging guerrilla wars against human- not by fighting a war but by implementing ity. Like communism and fascism, they their own peace agreement. Our nations have spread darkness over light, barbarism over a responsibility to answer the request of civilization. And like communism and fas- those people to secure their peace. Without cism, they will be defeated only because free our leadership and without the presence of nations join against them in common cause. NATO, there will be no peace in Bosnia. We will prevail again if, and only if, our I thank the United Kingdom that has al- people support the mission. We are, after all, ready sacrificed so much for its swift agree- democracies. And they are the ultimate ment to play a central role in the peace im- bosses of our fate. I believe the people will plementation. With this act, Britain holds support this. I believe free people, given the true to its history and to its values. And I information, will make the decisions that will pledge to you that America will live up to make it possible for their leaders to stand its history and its ideals as well. against the new threat to security and free- We know that if we do not participate in dom, to peace and prosperity. Bosnia our leadership will be questioned and our partnerships will be weakened, partner- I believe they will see that this hopeful ships we must have if we are to help each moment cannot be lost without grave con- other in the fight against the common threats sequences to the future. We must go out to we face. We can help the people of Bosnia meet the challenges before they come to as they seek a way back from savagery to civil- threaten us. Today, for the United States and ity. And we can build a peaceful, undivided for Great Britain, that means we must make Europe. the difference between peace and war in Today I reaffirm to you that the United Bosnia. States, as it did during the defense of democ- For nearly 4 years a terrible war has torn racy during the cold war, will help lead in Bosnia apart, bringing horrors we prayed had building this Europe by working for a broad- vanished from the face of Europe forever, er and more lasting peace and by supporting the mass killings, the endless columns of ref- a Europe bound together in a woven fabric ugees, the campaigns of deliberate rape, the of vital democracies, market economies, and skeletal persons imprisoned in concentration security cooperation. camps. These crimes did violence to the con- Our cooperation with you through NATO, science of Britons and Americans. Now we the sword and shield of democracy, can help have a chance to make sure they don’t return. the nations that once lay behind the Iron And we must seize it. Curtain to become a part of the new Europe. We must help peace to take hold in Bosnia In the cold war the alliance kept our Nation because so long as that fire rages at the heart secure and bound the Western democracies of the European Continent, so long as the together in common cause. It brought former emerging democracies and our allies are adversaries together and gave them the con- threatened by fighting in Bosnia, there will fidence to look past ancient enmities. Now, be no stable, undivided, free Europe; there NATO will grow and expand the circle of will be no realization of our greatest hopes common purpose, first through its Partner- for Europe; but most important of all, inno- ship For Peace, which is already having a re- cent people will continue to suffer and die. markable impact on the member countries, America fought two World Wars and stood and then, as we agree, with the admissions with you in the cold war because of our vital of new democratic members. It will threaten stake in a Europe that is stable, strong, and no one. But it will give its new allies the con- free. With the end of the cold war all of Eu- fidence they need to consolidate their free- rope has a chance to be stable, strong, and doms, build their economies, strengthen free for the very first time since nation states peace, and become your partners for tomor- appeared on the European Continent. row.

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Members of the House of Commons and this time to visit with him about his views Noble Lords, long before there was a United on conditions here and matters affecting both States, one of your most powerful champions of our countries, especially the Bosnian ques- of liberty and one of the greatest poets of tion. And I don’t know whether he was look- our shared language wrote: ‘‘Peace hath her ing forward to coming here or not because victories, no less renowned than war.’’ In our he’s just come from that question time that time, at last, we can prove the truth of John I referred to in my speech to the Parliament Milton’s words. today. As this month of remembrance passes and the holidays approach, I leave you with the Ireland words Winston Churchill spoke to America Q. Are you interested in his views on Ire- during America’s darkest holiday season of land? the century. As he lit the White House The President. Of course I am. Christmas Tree in 1941, he said, ‘‘Let the Q. What are they? children have their night of fun and laughter. The President. Well, that’s for him to say. Let us share to the full in their unstinted I haven’t had a chance to talk to him. pleasure before we turn again to the stern Mr. Blair. First of all, let me say, I’m ab- tasks in the year that lies before us. But now, solutely delighted to meet the President and by our sacrifice and bearing, these same chil- to express my admiration, not merely for his dren shall not be robbed of their inheritance magnificent speech this morning that I think or denied their right to live in a free and will have a great impact here and abroad but decent world.’’ also for the work that he’s done in bringing My friends, we have stood together in the peace to Bosnia and the Middle East, to Ire- darkest moments of our century. Let us now land and to other parts of the world. resolve to stand together for the bright and And our views on Ireland—in fact, today shining prospect of the next century. It can in the House of Commons, you wouldn’t be the age of possibility and the age of peace. have seen any of the cut-and-thrust at all. Our forebears won the war. Let us now win It was one of these rare moments of agree- the peace. ment between myself and John Major. We’ve May God bless the United Kingdom, the supported the government in that push for United States, and our solemn alliance. peace in Northern Ireland. We will continue Thank you very much. to do so. Q. Mr. President, what kind of advice are NOTE: The President spoke at 12:38 p.m. in the you giving Mr. Blair, and I’m wondering if Royal Gallery of Westminster Palace. In his re- Mr. Blair can explain what lessons you’ve marks, he referred to Lord MacKay of Clashfern, learned from President Clinton? Lord Chancellor; Speaker of the House of Com- mons Betty Boothroyd; Viscount Cranborne, Lord The President. I have no advice to give Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords; and him. And let me say, one of the things that Anthony Newton, Lord President of the Council I’m going to do privately—I might as well and Leader of the House of Commons. do it publicly—is to thank him for the posi- tion that he and his party have taken on this, the question of the initiatives of the British Remarks Prior to Discussions With Government in Northern Ireland. British Labour Party Leader Tony A country is always stronger when, in its Blair and an Exchange With foreign policy and its difficult decisions, it Reporters in London moves forward together so that the country November 29, 1995 can be strong, can be united, and the people essentially can both claim the credit and The President. Good afternoon. Let me shoulder the responsibility. And I think this say, first of all, I’m delighted to have this is a very exceptional act of statesmanship on opportunity to meet with the British Labour his part, and I very much appreciate it. leader, Tony Blair. I have followed his career Q. Which you’d like to see on the part with great interest, and I am anxious to have of the Republicans?

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Q. What’s your message tomorrow going Message to the Congress to be, sir? Transmitting the EURATOM–United The President. Well, we’ve already an- States Nuclear Energy Cooperation swered too many questions, I can tell now. Agreement [Laughter] November 29, 1995

NOTE: The President spoke at 4:10 p.m. at the To the Congress of the United States: U.S. Ambassador’s residence. A tape was not avail- I am pleased to transmit to the Congress, able for verification of the content of these re- pursuant to sections 123 b. and 123 d. of the marks. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2153(b), (d)), the text of a proposed Agreement for Cooperation in the Peaceful Statement on Congressional Action Uses of Nuclear Energy Between the United on Lobby Reform Legislation States of America and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) with ac- November 29, 1995 companying agreed minute, annexes, and other attachments. (The confidential list of I am delighted that Congress has passed EURATOM storage facilities covered by the lobby reform legislation. This bill will help Agreement is being transmitted directly to change the way Washington does business. the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and For too long, Washington’s influence indus- the House International Relations Commit- try has operated out of the sunlight of public tee.) I am also pleased to transmit my written scrutiny. This new law will require profes- approval, authorization and determination sional lobbyists, for the first time, to fully dis- concerning the agreement, and the memo- close who they are working for and what leg- randum of the Director of the United States islation they are trying to pass or kill. Lobby Arms Control and Disarmament Agency with reform will be good for American democracy the Nuclear Proliferation Assessment State- and will help restore the trust of the people ment concerning the agreement. The joint in their Government. memorandum submitted to me by the Sec- This is precisely the sort of change that retary of State and the Secretary of Energy, the American people have demanded and which includes a summary of the provisions that I championed during my campaign for of the agreement and other attachments, in- the Presidency and as President. I am par- cluding the views of the Nuclear Regulatory ticularly pleased that a strong bipartisan coa- Commission, is also enclosed. lition in both the House and Senate stood The proposed new agreement with EURATOM has been negotiated in accord- firm for reform. I want to especially thank ance with the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Senator Carl Levin, who championed this as amended by the Nuclear Non-Prolifera- legislation for many years, and the other tion Act of 1978 (NNPA) and as otherwise Members for their leadership, including Sen- amended. It replaces two existing agree- ator Bill Cohen and Representatives Barney ments for peaceful nuclear cooperation with Frank, John Bryant, and Charles Canady. EURATOM, including the 1960 agreement Since I took office, I have challenged Con- that has served as our primary legal frame- gress to enact four significant political reform work for cooperation in recent years and that measures: legislation applying laws to Con- will expire by its terms on December 31 of gress, a ban on gifts to lawmakers, lobby dis- this year. The proposed new agreement will closure, and campaign finance reform. The provide an updated, comprehensive frame- Congress has now acted on the first three work for peaceful nuclear cooperation be- of these reform priorities. It is time to finish tween the United States and EURATOM, the job. will facilitate such cooperation, and will es-

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tablish strengthened nonproliferation condi- storage of plutonium and other sensitive nu- tions and controls including all those re- clear materials. The United States and quired by the NNPA. The new agreement EURATOM have accepted these controls on provides for the transfer of nonnuclear mate- a reciprocal basis, not as a sign of either Par- rial, nuclear material, and equipment for ty’s distrust of the other, and not for the pur- both nuclear research and nuclear power pose of interfering with each other’s fuel purposes. It does not provide for transfers cycle choices, which are for each Party to under the agreement of any sensitive nuclear determine for itself, but rather as a reflection technology (SNT). of their common conviction that the provi- The proposed agreement has an initial sions in question represent an important term of 30 years, and will continue in force norm for peaceful nuclear commerce. indefinitely thereafter in increments of 5 In view of the strong commitment of years each until terminated in accordance EURATOM and its member states to the with its provisions. In the event of termi- international nonproliferation regime, the nation, key nonproliferation conditions and comprehensive nonproliferation commit- controls, including guarantees of safeguards, ments they have made, the advanced techno- peaceful use and adequate physical protec- logical character of the EURATOM civil nu- tion, and the U.S. right to approve retransfers clear program, the long history of extensive to third parties, will remain effective with re- transatlantic cooperation in the peaceful uses spect to transferred nonnuclear material, nu- of nuclear energy without any risk of pro- clear material, and equipment, as well as nu- liferation, and the fact that all member states clear material produced through their use. are close allies or close friends of the United Procedures are also established for determin- States, the proposed new agreement provides ing the survival of additional controls. to EURATOM (and on a reciprocal basis, to The member states of EURATOM and the the United States) advance, long-term ap- European Union itself have impeccable nu- proval for specified enrichment, retransfers, clear nonproliferation credentials. All reprocessing, alteration in form or content, EURATOM member states are party to the and storage of specified nuclear material, and Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear for retransfers of nonnuclear material and Weapons (NPT). EURATOM and all its non- equipment. The approval for reprocessing nuclear weapon state member states have an and alteration in form or content may be sus- agreement with the International Atomic En- pended if either activity ceases to meet the ergy Agency (IAEA) for the application of criteria set out in U.S. law, including criteria full-scope IAEA safeguards within the re- relating to safeguards and physical protec- spective territories of the nonnuclear weapon tion. states. The two EURATOM nuclear weapon In providing advance, long-term approval states, France and the United Kingdom, like for certain nuclear fuel cycle activities, the the United States, have voluntary safeguards proposed agreement has features similar to agreements with the IAEA. In addition, those in several other agreements for co- EURATOM itself applies its own stringent operation that the United States has entered safeguards at all peaceful facilities within the into subsequent to enactment of the NNPA. territories of all member states. The United These include bilateral U.S. agreements with States and EURATOM are of one mind in Japan, Finland, Norway and Sweden. (The their unswerving commitment to achieving U.S. agreements with Finland and Sweden global nuclear nonproliferation goals. I call will be automatically terminated upon entry the attention of the Congress to the joint into force of the new U.S.-EURATOM U.S.-EURATOM ‘‘Declaration on Non-Pro- agreement, as Finland and Sweden joined liferation Policy’’ appended to the text of the the European Union on January 1, 1995.) agreement I am transmitting herewith. Among the documents I am transmitting The proposed new agreement provides for herewith to the Congress is an analysis by very stringent controls over certain fuel cycle the Secretary of Energy of the advance, long- activities, including enrichment, reprocess- term approvals contained in the proposed ing, and alteration in form or content and U.S. agreement with EURATOM. The analy-

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sis concludes that the approvals meet all re- sion period provided for in section 123 d. quirements of the Atomic Energy Act. shall commence. I believe that the proposed agreement for William J. Clinton cooperation with EURATOM will make an The White House, important contribution to achieving our non- November 29, 1995. proliferation, trade and other significant for- eign policy goals. In particular, I am convinced that this Remarks at a Dinner Hosted by agreement will strengthen the international Prime Minister Major in London nuclear nonproliferation regime, support of November 29, 1995 which is a fundamental objective of U.S. na- tional security and foreign policy, by setting Prime Minister and Mrs. Major, ladies and a high standard for rigorous nonproliferation gentlemen, let me begin by saying how very conditions and controls. grateful Hillary and I are to be here person- ally and representing the people of the It will substantially upgrade U.S. controls United States. This has been a fine oppor- over nuclear items subject to the current tunity for me to meet with the Prime Min- U.S.-EURATOM agreement as well as over ister and representatives of Her Majesty’s future cooperation. Government to talk about our common inter- I believe that the new agreement will also ests, our shared values, our future agenda. demonstrate the U.S. intention to be a reli- It’s also been a great opportunity for me per- able nuclear trading partner, and thus help sonally to come back to this wonderful city ensure the continuation and, I hope, growth which I love so much and where I have such of U.S. civil nuclear exports to EURATOM warm memories. member states. Prime Minister, I want to thank you espe- I have considered the views and rec- cially for welcoming here at your table my ommendations of the interested agencies in stepfather, for a personal reason. My late reviewing the proposed agreement and have mother would love to be here tonight, and determined that its performance will pro- I miss her tonight especially because I tried mote, and will not constitute an unreasonable in vain for 25 years to convince her that not risk to, the common defense and security. every meal in London was steak and kidney Accordingly, I have approved the agreement pie or fish and chips. [Laughter] and authorized its execution and urge that I want to say to all of you that I meant the Congress give it favorable consideration. every word of the speech I gave in Par- Because this agreement meets all applica- liament today. We have a relationship that is enduring and very special. If I might para- ble requirements of the Atomic Energy Act phrase one of my very favorite British citi- of 1954, as amended, for agreements for zens, 007, our relationship can never be peaceful nuclear cooperation, I am transmit- stirred nor shaken. [Laughter] It will always ting it to the Congress without exempting it be there; it will always be strong. from any requirement contained in section And now we have a special responsibility. 123 a. of that Act. This transmission shall We have all the unique opportunities that constitute a submittal for purposes of both are apparent to us to make peace and to sections 123 b. and 123 d. of the Atomic En- make progress. But it will not happen unless ergy Act. The Administration is prepared to we work at it, and it will not happen if we begin immediately the consultations with the try to work at it alone. It will only happen Senate Foreign Relations and House Inter- if we work at it together. national Relations Committees as provided In Northern Ireland—I thank the Prime in section 123 b. Upon completion of the 30- Minister for what he said—but the real day continuous session period provided for thanks go to Prime Minister Major and to in section 123 b., the 60-day continuous ses- Prime Minister Bruton and his predecessor

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who were willing to take risks for peace. The face our challenges and only if we face them United States supports those who take risks together. for peace. The risks may be political. We I brought only one note tonight I wanted know they are severe. There’s always a high to read because I don’t want to mix the words risk of failure, as I said in Parliament today, up. In one of history’s stranger coincidental and even if you fail, the people who wish meetings, Mark Twain appeared in New York you hadn’t tried will hold it against you. City on a cold night in the year 1900 to intro- Sometimes the risks are far, far greater, as duce a lecture by a young adventurer and the Prime Minister and I saw not so long writer by the name of Winston Churchill. So ago when we buried our friend Prime Min- much for your—I’m trying to remember— ister Rabin. But the work of peace is always Rudyard Kipling said, ‘‘Never the twain shall important. Today, it is imperative because we meet.’’ He was wrong. [Laughter] In the in- can achieve it in so many places where just troduction, this is what Mark Twain said a short while ago it was impossible. about the British and the Americans: ‘‘We The philosophy of the United States is sim- have always been kin, kin in blood, kin in ple and consistent. It runs in a seamless way religion, kin in representative government, from Northern Ireland to Bosnia to the Mid- kin in ideals, kin in just and lofty purposes.’’ dle East. We will support those who take Mark Twain was not being humorous on that risks for peace. We will not attempt to tell night. He was right then; he is right tonight. people what peace they should make but only I ask you to join me in a toast to Prime to urge on them the need to make peace Minister and Mrs. Major and to the people at the soonest possible date in a fair and hon- of the wonderful nation of Great Britain. orable and decent way. I look forward to my trip to Northern Ire- NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 8:05 land, and I look forward to doing whatever p.m. at 10 Downing Street. In his remarks, he referred to Norma Major, wife of Prime Minister we can, consistent with our policy and the John Major. A tape was not available for verifica- willingness of the parties to move on the path tion of the content of these remarks. to peace. I’d like to also thank the Prime Minister and again the British people for the sacrifices Remarks to Mackie International they have made in Bosnia over the course Employees in Belfast, Northern of that long and painful war, for the risks Ireland to your soldiers, for the extraordinary human- November 30, 1995 itarian aid, for all the nameless people who are alive today because of what Great Britain This is one of those occasions where I real- has done in that terrible and difficult conflict. ly feel that all that needs to be said has al- And I want to thank you anew for the very ready been said. I thank Catherine and David strong statement you made today in terms for introducing me, for all the schoolchildren of the depth of commitment that you are pre- of Northern Ireland who are here today, and pared to make to implement this peace for all whom they represent. A big part of agreement. Together with our French and peace is children growing up safely, learning other allies, through NATO and with other together, and growing together. I thank Pat- nations who work in partnership with us, I rick Dougan and Ronnie Lewis for their re- believe we have a better than even chance marks, for their work here, for all the mem- to help bring peace to Bosnia because the bers of the Mackie team who are with us parties made their peace at Dayton. And the today in welcoming us to this factory. I was parties, if they will keep their minds straight hoping we could have an event like this in and their hearts pure, can make the peace Northern Ireland at a place where people live in the lives of the people of Sarajevo and work and reach out to the rest of the world throughout the nation. These are the kinds in a positive way, because a big part of peace of things we have to do. is working together for family and commu- I believe that the best days for democracy nity and for the welfare of the common en- and freedom are before us, but only if we terprise.

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It is good to be among the people of Here we lie along the peace line, the wall Northern Ireland who have given so much of steel and stone separating Protestant from to America and the world, and good to be Catholic. But today, under the leadership of here with such a large delegation of my fel- Pat Dougan, you are bridging the divide, low Americans, including of course my wife. overcoming a legacy of discrimination where And I see the Secretary of Commerce here fair employment and integration are the and the Ambassador to Great Britain, and watchwords of the future. On this shop floor, a number of others. But we have quite a large men and women of both traditions are work- delegation from both parties in the United ing together to achieve common goals. States Congress, so we’ve sort of got a truce Peace, once a distant dream, is now mak- of our own going on here today. [Laughter] ing a difference in everyday life in this land. And I’d like to ask the Members of Con- Soldiers have left the streets of Belfast; many gress who have come all the way from Wash- have gone home. People can go to the pub ington, DC, to stand up and be recognized. or the store without the burden of the search Would you all stand? or the threat of a bomb. As barriers disappear Many of you perhaps know that one in four along the border, families and communities of America’s Presidents trace their roots to divided for decades are becoming whole Ireland’s shores, beginning with Andrew once more. Jackson, the son of immigrants from This year in Armagh on St. Patrick’s Day, Carrickfergus, to John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Protestant and Catholic children led the pa- rade together for the first time since The whose forebears came from County Wexford. Troubles began. A bystander’s words marked I know I am only the latest in this time-hon- the wonder of the occasion when he said, ored tradition, but I’m proud to be the first ‘‘Even the normal is beginning to seem nor- sitting American President to make it back mal.’’ to Belfast. The economic rewards of peace are evi- At this holiday season all around the world, dent as well. Unemployment has fallen here the promise of peace is in the air. The bar- to its lowest level in 14 years, while retail riers of the cold war are giving way to a global sales and investment are surging. For from village where communication and coopera- the gleaming city center to the new shop tion are the order of the day. From South fronts of Belfast, to the Enterprise Center Africa to the Middle East, and now to trou- in East Belfast, business is thriving, and op- bled Bosnia, conflicts long thought impos- portunities are expanding. With every extra sible to solve are moving along the road to day that the guns are still, business con- resolution. Once-bitter foes are clasping fidence grows stronger, and the promise of hands and changing history, and long-suffer- prosperity grows as well. ing people are moving closer to normal lives. As the shroud of terror melts away, North- Here in Northern Ireland, you are making ern Ireland’s beauty has been revealed again a miracle, a miracle symbolized by those two to all the world, the castles and coasts, the children who held hands and told us what Giant’s Causeway, the lush green hills, the this whole thing is all about. In the land of high white cliffs, a magical backdrop to your the harp and the fiddle, the fife and the greatest asset which I saw all along the way lambeg drum, two proud traditions are com- from the airport here today, the warmth and ing together in the harmonies of peace. The good feeling of your people. Visitors are now cease-fire and negotiations have sparked a coming in record numbers. Indeed, today the powerful transformation. air route between Belfast and London is the Mackie’s plant is a symbol of Northern Ire- second busiest in all of Europe. land’s rebirth. It has long been a symbol of I want to honor those whose courage and world-class engineering. The textile ma- vision have brought us to this point: Prime chines you make permit people to weave dis- Minister Major, Prime Minister Bruton, and parate threads into remarkable fabrics. That before him, Prime Minister Reynolds, laid is now what you must do here with the peo- the background and the basis for this era of ple of Northern Ireland. reconciliation. From the Downing Street

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Declaration to the joint framework docu- it has not disappeared. The leaders of the ment, they altered the course of history. four main churches recently condemned the Now, just in the last few days, by launching so-called punishment beatings and called for the twin-track initiative, they have opened a an end to such attacks. I add my voice to promising new gateway to a just and lasting theirs. peace. Foreign Minister Spring, Sir Patrick As the church leaders said, this is a time Mayhew, David Trimble, and John Hume all when the utmost efforts on all sides are need- have labored to realize the promise of peace. ed to build a peaceful and confident commu- And Gerry Adams, along with Loyalist lead- nity in the future. But true peace requires ers such as David Ervine and Gary more than a treaty, even more than the ab- McMichael, helped to silence the guns on sence of violence. Those who have suffered the streets and to bring about the first peace most in the fighting must share fairly in the in a generation. fruits of renewal. The frustration that gave But most of all, America salutes all the rise to violence must give way to faith in the people of Northern Ireland who have shown future. the world in concrete ways that here the will The United States will help to secure the for peace is now stronger than the weapons tangible benefits of peace. Ours is the first of war. With mixed sporting events encourag- American administration ever to support in ing competition on the playing field, not the the Congress the International Fund for Ire- battlefield, with women’s support groups, lit- land, which has become an engine for eco- eracy programs, job training centers that nomic development and for reconciliation. served both communities, these and count- We will continue to encourage trade and in- less other initiatives bolster the foundations vestment and to help end the cycle of unem- of peace as well. ployment. Last year’s cease-fire of the Irish Repub- We are proud to support Northern Ire- lican Army, joined by the combined Loyalist land. You have given America a very great Military Command, marked a turning point deal. Irish-Protestant and Irish-Catholic to- in the history of Northern Ireland. Now is gether have added to America’s strength. the time to sustain that momentum and lock From our battle for independence down to in the gains of peace. Neither community the present day, the Irish have not only wants to go back to the violence of the past. fought in our wars, they have built our Na- The children told of that today. Both parties tion, and we owe you a very great debt. must do their part to move this process for- Let me say that of all the gifts we can offer ward now. in return, perhaps the most enduring and the Let me begin by saying that the search for most precious is the example of what is pos- common ground demands the courage of an sible when people find unity and strength in open mind. This twin-track initiative gives their diversity. We know from our own expe- the parties a chance to begin preliminary rience even today how hard that is to do. talks in ways in which all views will be rep- After all, we fought a great Civil War over resented and all voices will be heard. It also the issue of race and slavery in which hun- establishes an international body to address dreds of thousands of our people were killed. the issue of arms decommissioning. I hope Today, in one of our counties alone, in Los the parties will seize this opportunity. Engag- Angeles, there are over 150 different ethnic ing in honest dialog is not an act of surrender, and racial groups represented. We know we it is an act of strength and common sense. can become stronger if we bridge our dif- Moving from cease-fire to peace requires ferences. But we learned in our own Civil dialog. For 25 years now, the history of War that that has to begin with a change of Northern Ireland has been written in the the heart. blood of its children and their parents. The I grew up in the American South, in one cease-fire turned the page on that history. of the States that tried to break from the It must not be allowed to turn back. American Union. My forebears on my fa- There must also be progress away from the ther’s side were soldiers in the Confederate negotiating table. Violence has lessened, but Army. I was reading the other day a book

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about our first Governor after the Civil War has given way to a fragile new democracy. who fought for the Union Army and who lost In Europe, the dream of a stable, undivided members of his own family. They lived the free continent seems finally within reach as experience so many of you have lived. When the people of Bosnia have the first real hope this Governor took office and looked out over for peace since the terrible fighting began a sea of his fellow citizens who fought on there nearly 4 years ago. the other side, he said these words: ‘‘We have The United States looks forward to work- all done wrong. No one can say his heart is ing with our allies here in Europe and others altogether clean and his hands altogether to help the people in Bosnia, the Muslims, pure. Thus, as we wish to be forgiven, let the Croats, the Serbs, to move beyond their us forgive those who have sinned against us divisions and their destructions to make the and ours.’’ That was the beginning of Ameri- peace agreement they have made a reality ca’s reconciliation, and it must be the begin- in the lives of their people. ning of Northern Ireland’s reconciliation. Those who work for peace have got to sup- It is so much easier to believe that our port one another. We know that when lead- differences matter more than what we have ers stand up for peace, they place their forces in common. It is easier, but it is wrong. We on the line and sometimes their very lives all cherish family and faith, work and com- on the line, as we learned so recently in the munity. We all strive to live lives that are tragic murder of the brave Prime Minister free and honest and responsible. We all want of Israel. For, just as peace has its pioneers, our children to grow up in a world where peace will always have its rivals. Even when their talents are matched by their opportuni- children stand up and say what these chil- ties. And I believe those values are just as dren said today, there will always be people strong in County Londonderry as they are who, deep down inside, will never be able in Londonderry, New Hampshire; in Belfast, to give up the past. Northern Ireland as in Belfast, Maine. Over the last 3 years, I have had the privi- I am proud to be of Ulster Scots stock. lege of meeting with and closely listening to I am proud to be, also, of Irish stock. I share both Nationalists and Unionists from North- these roots with millions and millions of ern Ireland, and I believe that the greatest Americans, now over 40 million Americans. struggle you face now is not between oppos- And we rejoice at things being various, as ing ideas or opposing interests. The greatest Louis MacNeice once wrote. It is one of the struggle you face is between those who deep things that makes America special. down inside are inclined to be peacemakers Because our greatness flows from the and those who deep down inside cannot yet wealth of our diversity as well as the strength embrace the cause of peace, between those of the ideals we share in common, we feel who are in the ship of peace and those who bound to support others around the world are trying to sink it. Old habits die hard. who seek to bridge their own divides. This There will always be those who define the is an important part of our country’s mission worth of their lives not by who they are but on the eve of the 21st century, because we by who they aren’t, not by what they’re for know that the chain of peace that protects but by what they are against. They will never us grows stronger with every new link that escape the dead-end street of violence. But is forged. you, the vast majority, Protestant and Catho- For the first time in half a century now, lic alike, must not allow the ship of peace we can put our children to bed at night know- to sink on the rocks of old habits and hard ing that the nuclear weapons of the former grudges. Soviet Union are no longer pointed at those You must stand firm against terror. You children. In South Africa, the long night of must say to those who still would use violence apartheid has given way to a new freedom for political objectives, ‘‘You are the past. for all peoples. In the Middle East, Arabs Your day is over. Violence has no place at and Israelis are stepping beyond war to peace the table of democracy and no role in the in an area where many believed peace would future of this land.’’ By the same token, you never come. In Haiti, a brutal dictatorship must also be willing to say to those who re-

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nounce violence and who do take their own sacrifices. Surely, there can be no turning risks for peace that they are entitled to be back. But peace must be waged with a war- full participants in the democratic process. rior’s resolve, bravely, proudly, and relent- Those who do show the courage to break lessly, secure in the knowledge of the single with the past are entitled to their stake in greatest difference between war and peace: the future. In peace, everybody can win. As leaders for peace become invested in I was overcome today, when I landed in the process, as leaders make compromises my plane and I drove with Hillary up the and risk the backlash, people begin more and highway to come here, by the phenomenal more—I have seen this all over the world— beauty of the place and the spirit and the they begin more and more to develop a com- good will of the people. Northern Ireland has mon interest in each other’s success, in a chance not only to begin anew but to be standing together rather than standing apart. a real inspiration to the rest of the world, They realize that the sooner they get to true a model of progress through tolerance. peace, with all the rewards it brings, the Let us join our efforts together as never sooner it will be easy to discredit and destroy before to make that dream a reality. Let us the forces of destruction. join our prayers in this season of peace for We will stand with those who takes risks a future of peace in this good land. for peace in Northern Ireland and around Thank you very much. the world. I pledge that we will do all we can, through the International Fund for Ire- NOTE: The President spoke at 11 a.m. on the fac- land and in many other ways, to ease your tory floor. In his remarks, he referred to Catherine Hamill and David Sterritt, students who intro- load. If you walk down this path continually, duced the President; Patrick Dougan, president, you will not walk alone. We are entering an and Ronnie Lewis, senior shop steward, Mackie era of possibility unparalleled in all of human International; Richard Spring, T.D., Foreign Min- history. If you enter that era determined to ister of Ireland; Sir Patrick Mayhew, M.P., Sec- build a new age of peace, the United States retary of State for Northern Ireland, United King- of America will proudly stand with you. dom; David Trimble, M.P., leader, Ulster Union- But at the end of the day, as with all free ist Party; John Hume, M.P., leader, Social Demo- people, your future is for you to decide. Your cratic and Labour Party; Gerry Adams, leader, destiny is for you to determine. Only you can Sinn Fein; David Ervine, leader, Progressive decide between division and unity, between Unionist Party; and Gary McMichael, leader, Ul- ster Democratic Party. A tape was not available hard lives and high hopes. Only you can cre- for verification of the content of these remarks. ate a lasting peace. It takes courage to let go of familiar divisions. It takes faith to walk down a new road. But when we see the bright Remarks to Business Leaders in gaze of these children, we know the risk is Belfast worth the reward. November 30, 1995 I have been so touched by the thousands of letters I have received from schoolchildren The President. Well, first of all, I want here, telling me what peace means to them. to thank all of you, all the panelists and Mr. One young girl from Ballymena wrote, and Thompson and your M.P. for the fine things I quote, ‘‘It is not easy to forgive and forget, that have been said. And I thank you for especially for those who have lost a family quoting the King James Version of the Bible. member or a close friend. However, if people I read all the more modern ones, and some- could look to the future with hope instead times they’re easier to understand, but of the past with fear, we can only be moving they’re not nearly as eloquent. So King James in the right direction.’’ I couldn’t have said is still my favorite, too. it nearly as well. I would like to make just three points very I believe you can summon the strength to briefly. First, in the presence of the Mem- keep moving forward. After all, you have bers of Congress who are here, I want to come so far already. You have braved so thank them for funding the International many dangers. You have endured so many Fund for Ireland. In the United States, it was

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really a congressional initiative. For many though I’ve been—Presidents are disabled years, the President—until I became Presi- from all practical things, you know. [Laugh- dent, no President ever even made a rec- ter] They don’t get to buy food or drive cars ommendation to spend the money because or exchange money, but that’s pretty low cost it was thought to be unusual. But I can tell per job creation. And so I think that’s very, you, now, even though this connection was very important. And I applaud all of you for never made before, we fund programs what you’re doing. through the Agency for International Devel- The second point I want to make is that opment around the world in countries much the cease-fire, I’m convinced, made possible poorer than Northern Ireland which are es- a lot of this growth. And some of you have sentially trying to do the same things. said that. And you talked about how it’s also We know now that if you really want to changing the whole image of Northern Ire- grow jobs in places where there’s not a lot land. One of the things that I hope will come of capital, you have to set up a mechanism out of my trip here today is that people who for getting capital into entrepreneurial peo- have never been here will see the country ple who may be in one- or two- or three- in a different light. You know, we owe that or four- or five-person businesses. And if you to the media, but people all over the world do it right, you can create an enormous, enor- will be seeing this trip tonight. And they will mous number of successful businesses, and see your whole country in a different light. in so doing, create the demand for the prod- They will see people like you; they will see ucts and services that will be produced. you on television. They will say, those are So I think what you are doing here is really the kind of people I wouldn’t mind being an extraordinary thing. And I want to thank involved with. And I think that will help. But the Members of Congress who have consist- it’s a real argument for continuing the peace. ently supported the International Fund for And the third thing I would say is that— Ireland who are here and to say that I hope, you might want to ask Senator Mitchell to frankly, that you will become, as we move comment on this—is the conference we had, forward down the road to peace—and Sen- the Washington conference, last May. I think ator Mitchell and the others who worked so it’s important to do more things like that, not hard on the investment conference over on just in the United States but elsewhere, so our side of the ocean—and you enjoy more that people are aware, in a tangible way, of success, I hope you will become a model for the grassroots, not only the grassroots com- a lot of other countries as well who are strug- mitment to peace but the extraordinary array gling to build a system of free enterprise and of competence, the abilities, the ideas, that give their energetic people the kinds of op- are coming out of here. Because I think— portunities that you have found. and I think as you do that, you’ll become We see it even in our own country—some more integrated into the global economy in places that others had given up on, thought, a positive way and it will be more difficult you know, where there would never be any for anyone to turn the clock back on you. economic opportunity there again—the most George, would you like—— successful thing that has been done even in At this point, George Mitchell, Special As- our own country is starting things like the [ sistant to the President for Northern Ireland, International Fund for Ireland. But it works made brief remarks. better here, what you are doing through ] these community groups, than almost any The President. Let me just say, I want other place that I’m aware of in the world. to leave on a little bit lighter note. When And you said it yourself, sir. I think you I read my notes about what all of you do, said you have in this consortium 200 compa- and I was preparing for this and I knew I nies with 900 employees; that’s an average was bringing all the—the Ambassador for the number of employees somewhere between United States to Great Britain and the British four and five. But it you look at the cost— Ambassador to America, and all these other what did you say—131⁄2 million pounds—I people, and especially all the politicians back think I can still do exchange rates, even there, and I saw that Lynn McGregor is the

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owner of a company called Altered Images, dream of peace in Northern Ireland. And I and I thought to myself, she could become am honored to be here with his family mem- an overnight millionaire in Washington, bers today. DC—[laughter]—just by putting up an of- All of you know that this city is a very dif- fice. [Laughter] We all need to alter our ferent place from what a visitor like me image a little there. would have seen just a year and a half ago, Thank you very much. Congratulations to before the cease-fire. Crossing the border all of you. Thank you. now is as easy as crossing a speed bump. The soldiers are off the streets. The city walls are NOTE: The President spoke at 12:54 p.m. at the open to civilians. There are no more shake- East Belfast Enterprise Park. In his remarks, he downs as you walk into a store. Daily life referred to Peter Thompson, board chairman, East Belfast Enterprise Park. has become more ordinary. But this will never be an ordinary city. I came here because you are making a Remarks to the Community in home for peace to flourish and endure—a Londonderry, Northern Ireland local climate responsible this week for the November 30, 1995 announcement of new business operations that offer significant new opportunities to Thank you. Thank you very much. Mr. you, as well as new hope. Let me applaud Mayor, Mrs. Kerr, Mr. and Mrs. Hume, Sir also the success of the Inner City Trust and Patrick and Lady Mayhew. And to this re- Paddy Dogherty who have put people to markable crowd, let me say that there have work rebuilding bombed-out buildings, been many Presidents of the United States building new ones, and building up con- who had their roots in this soil. I can see fidence and civic pride. today how lucky I am to be the first President America’s connections to this place go of the United States to come back to this back a long, long time. One of our greatest city to say thank you very much. cities, Philadelphia, was mapped out three Hillary and I are proud to be here in the centuries ago by a man who was inspired by home of Ireland’s most tireless champion for the layout of the streets behind these walls. civil rights and its most eloquent voice of His name was William Penn. He was raised non-violence, John Hume. I know that at a Protestant in Ireland in a military family. least twice already I have had the honor of He became a warrior, and he fought in Ul- hosting John and Pat in Washington. And the ster. But he turned away from warfare, trad- last time I saw him I said, ‘‘You can’t come ed in his armor, converted to the Quaker back to Washington one more time until you faith and became a champion of peace. let me come to Derry.’’ And here I am. Imprisoned for his religious views, William I am delighted to be joined here today by Penn wrote one of the greatest defenses of a large number of Americans, including a dis- religious tolerance in history. Released from tinguished delegation of Members of our prison, he went to America in the 1680’s, a United States Congress who have supported divisive decade here, and founded Pennsyl- peace and reconciliation here and who have vania, a colony unique in the new world be- supported economic development through cause it was based on the principle of reli- the International Fund for Ireland. gious tolerance. I’m also joined today by members of the Philadelphia quickly became the main port O’Neill family. Among the last great chief- of entry for immigrants from the north of tains of Ireland were the O’Neills of Ulster. Ireland who made the Protestant and Catho- But in America, we still have chieftains who lic traditions valuable parts of our treasured are the O’Neills of Boston. They came all traditions in America. Today when he travels the way over here to inaugurate the Tip to the States, John Hume is fond of remind- O’Neill Chair in Peace Studies here at the ing us about the phrase that Americans estab- University of Ulster. This chair will honor the lished in Philadelphia as the motto of our great Irish-American and late Speaker of the Nation, E Pluribus Unum, out of many, one, House of Representatives by furthering his the belief that back then Quakers and Catho-

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lics, Anglicans and Presbyterians could prac- the last 15 months that people from London- tice their religion, celebrate their culture, derry County to County Down, from Antrim honor their traditions, and live as neighbors to Armagh, have made the transition from in peace. a time of ever-present fear to a time of fragile In the United States today in just one peace. The United States applauds the ef- county, Los Angeles, there are representa- forts of Prime Minister Major and Prime tives of over 150 different racial, ethnic, and Minister Bruton who have launched the new religious groups. We are struggling to live out twin-track initiative and have opened a proc- William Penn’s vision, and we pray that you ess that gives the parties a chance to begin will be able to live out that vision as well. a dialog in which all views are represented, Over the last 3 years since I have had the and all can be heard. privilege to be the President of the United Not far from this spot stands a new Statue States I have had occasion to meet with Na- of Reconciliation, two figures, 10 feet tall, tionalists and to meet with Unionists and to each reaching out a hand toward the other, listen to their sides of the story. I have come but neither quite making it across the divide. to the conclusion that here, as in so many It is a beautiful and powerful symbol of other places in the world, from the Middle where many people stand today in this great East to Bosnia, the divisions that are most land. Let it now point people to the hand- important here are not the divisions between shake of reconciliation. Life cannot be lived opposing views or opposing interests. Those with the stillness of statues. Life must go on. divisions can be reconciled. The deep divi- The hands must come closer together or drift sions, the most important ones, are those be- further apart. tween the peacemakers and the enemies of Your great Nobel Prize winning poet, peace—those who, deep, deep down inside, Seamus Heaney, wrote the following want peace more than anything, and those words—[applause]—wrote the following who, deep down inside, can’t bring them- words that some of you must know already, selves to reach out for peace. Those who are but that for me capture this moment. He in the ship of peace and those who would said: sink it. Those who bravely meet on the bridge History says, Don’t hope of reconciliation and those who would blow On this side of the grave, it up. But then, once in a lifetime My friends, everyone in life at some point The longed-for tidal wave has to decide what kind of person he or she Of justice can rise up, is going to be. Are you going to be someone And hope and history rhyme. who defined yourself in terms of what you So hope for a great sea change are against or what you are for? Will you be On the far side of revenge. someone who defines yourself in terms of Believe that a further shore who you aren’t or who you are? The time Is reachable from here. has come for the peacemakers to triumph Believe in miracles in Northern Ireland, and the United States And cures and healing wells. will support them as they do. Well, my friends, I believe. I believe we The world-renowned playwright from this live in a time of hope and history rhyming. city, Brian Friel, wrote a play called ‘‘Phila- Standing here in front of the Guildhall, look- delphia, Here I Come.’’ In it a character who ing out over these historic walls, I see a is about to immigrate from Ireland thinks peaceful city, a safe city, a hopeful city, full back on his past life and says to himself, ‘‘It’s of young people that should have a peaceful all over.’’ But his alter ego reminds him of and prosperous future here where their roots his future and replies, ‘‘And it’s about to and families are. That is what I see today begin.’’ It’s all over, and it’s about to begin. with you. If only change were that easy. And so I ask you to build on the oppor- To leave one way of life behind in search tunity you have before you, to believe that of another takes a strong amount of faith and the future can be better than the past, to courage. But the world has seen here over work together because you have so much

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more to gain by working together than by became the most powerful person in Con- drifting apart. Have the patience to work for gress and our Nation’s most prominent, most a just and lasting peace. Reach for it. The loyal champion of ordinary working families. United States will reach with you. The fur- He loved politics because he loved people ther shore of that peace is within your reach. but also because he knew it could make a Thank you, and God bless you all. difference in people’s lives. And you have proved here that political decisions by brave NOTE: The President spoke at 3:20 p.m. in the people can make a difference in people’s Guildhall Square. In his remarks, he referred to lives. Along with Senators Kennedy and Moy- Lord Mayor John Kerr, and his wife, Corita Kerr; John Hume, MP, and his wife, Patricia Hume; nihan and former Governor Hugh Carey of and Jean Mayhew, wife of Sir Patrick Mayhew. New York, he was among the first Irish- American politicians to oppose violence in Northern Ireland. And though we miss him Remarks on the Inauguration of the sorely, he will long be remembered in the Thomas P. O’Neill Chair for the United States and now in Ireland with this Study of Peace in Londonderry O’Neill Chair. It is a fitting tribute to his life November 30, 1995 and legacy, for he knew that peace had to be nurtured by a deeper understanding Mayor and Mrs. Kerr, Sir Patrick and Mrs. among people and greater opportunity for all. Mayhew, Mr. and Mrs. Hume; to the com- Tip O’Neill was old enough to remember munity and religious leaders who are here a time when Irish Catholics were actually dis- and to my fellow Americans who are here, criminated against in the United States, and Congressman Walsh and the congressional he had the last laugh when they wound up delegation; Senator Dodd, Senator Mack and running the place. [Laughter] In my life- others. Let me thank you all for the wonder- time—I was just thinking that in my con- ful reception you have given to Hillary, and scious political lifetime we’ve had three Irish to me today and, through us, to the people Speakers of the House of Representatives: of the United States. And let me thank Tom John McCormick and Tip O’Neill of Boston O’Neill for his incredibly generous remarks. and Tom Foley of Washington State, and I am honored to be here with him and with goodness knows how many more we’re des- his family and with Loretta Brennan tined to have. Glucksman and the other members of the I am very proud to be here to inaugurate American Ireland Fund to help inaugurate this chair in peace studies. I have been privi- this Tip O’Neill Chair in Peace Studies. And leged to come here at an important time in thank you, Vice Chancellor Smith, for the de- your history. I have been privileged to be gree. You know, I wonder how far it is from President at an important time in your his- a degree to a professorship. [Laughter] See, tory and to do what I could on behalf of the I have this job without a lot of tenure, and United States to help the peace process go I’m looking for one with more tenure. forward. Tip O’Neill was a model for many people But the work of peace is really the work he never knew. The model of public service. of a lifetime. First, you have to put the vio- He proved that a person could be a national lence behind you—you have done that. leader without losing the common touch, Then, you have to make an agreement that without ever forgetting that all these high- recognizes the differences and the com- flown speeches we give and all these complex monalities among you. And this twin-tracks issues we talk about in the end have a real, process, I believe is a way at least to begin tangible impact on the lives of ordinary peo- that process where everyone can be heard. ple. And that in any free land, in the end Then, you have to change the spirit of the all that really counts are the lives of ordinary people until it is as normal as getting up in people. the morning and having breakfast, to feel a He said he was a man of the House, but real affinity for the people who share this he was far more. He was fundamentally a land with you without regard to their religion man of the people, a bricklayer’s son who or their politics. This chair of peace studies

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can help you to do that. It can be symbol our great Civil War. And there, I was think- of the lifetime work of building a peaceful ing that America has always been about three spirit and heart in every citizen of this land. great things, our country: love of liberty, be- Our administration has been a strong sup- lief in progress, and the struggle for unity. porter of the International Fund for Ireland. And the last is in so many ways by far the We will continue to do so because of projects most difficult. It is a continuing challenge for like this one and because of the work still us to deal with the differences among us, to to be done. We were eager to sponsor the honestly respect our differences, to stand up conference we had last May, aided by the where we feel differently about certain diligent efforts of our friend, former Senator things, and still to find that core of common and Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell humanity across all the sea of differences who now embarks for you on another historic which permit us to preserve liberty; to make mission of peace. progress possible and to live up to the deep- I hope very much that Senator Mitchell est truths of our shared human nature. will succeed. I think the voices I have heard In the end, that is what this chair is all on this trip indicate to me that you want him about. And believe me, we need it every- to succeed and that you want to succeed. where. We need it in the streets of our tough- A lot of incredibly moving things have hap- est cities in the United States, where we are pened to us today, but I think to me, the attempting to teach our children that when most moving were the two children who they have conflicts, they shouldn’t go home stood and introduced me this morning in the and pick up a gun or a knife and hurt each Mackie Plant in Belfast. They represented other, they should figure out a way to work all those other children, including children through to mutual respect. here from Derry who have written me about We need it in the Middle East, where the what peace means to them over the last few Prime Minister of Israel just gave his life to weeks. a religious fanatic of his own faith because One young boy said—the young boy who he dared to make peace and give the children introduced me said that he studied with and of his country a better future. We need it played with people who were both Protestant in Bosnia, where the leaders have agreed to and Catholic, and he’d almost gotten to the make peace, but where the people must now point where he couldn’t tell the difference. purge their heart of the hatred borne of 4 [Laughter] A beautiful young girl who intro- years of merciless slaughter. We need this duced me, that beautiful child, started off by everywhere. saying what her Daddy did for a living, and So, my friends, I pray not only for your then she said she lost her first Daddy in The success in making a peace, but I pray that Troubles. And she thought about it every through this chair and through your example, day; it was the worst day of her life; and she you will become a model for the rest of the couldn’t stand another loss. world because the world will always need The up side and the down side. And those models for peace. children joined hands to introduce me. I felt Thank you, and God bless you all. almost as if my speech were superfluous. But I know one thing: Tip O’Neill was smiling NOTE: The President spoke at 4:48 p.m. in the Major Hall of Guildhall at Ulster University. In down on the whole thing today. his remarks, he referred to Trevor Smith, vice The other night I had a chance to go with chancellor, Ulster University. Hillary to the Ford Theatre in Washington, DC, a wonderful, historic place—it’s been there since before our Civil War—and where Statement on Approval of the President Lincoln was assassinated. And I Department of Defense told the people there who come once a year Appropriations Act, 1996 to raise money for it so we can keep it going November 30, 1995 that we always thought of it as a sad and tragic place, but it was really a place where I have decided this evening to approve the he came to laugh and escape the cares of Department of Defense appropriations bill.

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This legislation is vital to fund our national spending bills, in order to protect necessary defense, so that the United States remains priorities in education, the environment and the strongest force for peace in the world. law enforcement. Over the past several days This bill provides for a strong national de- we have made progress in good faith discus- fense, supports our commitments to the sions with the leadership of the House and quality of life of our forces and their families, Senate Appropriations Committees to close maintains high military readiness, and funds the gap between us on these issues. The deci- investment programs necessary to modernize sion I am making tonight is consistent with the equipment used by our combat forces. our understanding that these discussions will Continuing American global leadership is en- continue with the goal of reaching a satisfac- sured by the support the bill provides for our tory conclusion as rapidly as possible. We forces. should promptly complete this task, so there I made this decision because my Adminis- is no unnecessary shutdown of the govern- tration has reached agreement with Congres- ment. sional leaders to provide funding, out of the funds contained in this bill, for the troop de- William J. Clinton ployment and other efforts to secure peace The White House, in Bosnia. The pressing demands of peace November 30, 1995. and of our military service men and women compel my approval of this measure. NOTE: H.R. 2126, became law without the Presi- I have expressed my strong concerns that dent’s signature on December 1, and it was as- this legislation contains excessive spending signed Public Law No. 104–61. for projects that are not currently needed for our defense. I will forward to Congress re- scission legislation that would eliminate Proclamation 6853—National Drunk funding for those projects, and I urge Con- and Drugged Driving Prevention gress to act on it. We should spend no more Month, 1995 than we need to at a time when we are deter- November 30, 1995 mined to balance the budget. I am also concerned that section 8117 of By the President of the United States the Act contains certain reporting require- of America ments that could materially interfere with or impede this country’s ability to provide nec- A Proclamation essary support to another nation or inter- For many young Americans, learning to national organization in connection with drive is a significant step along the road to peacekeeping or humanitarian assistance ac- maturity and independence. There are seri- tivities otherwise authorized by law. I will in- ous responsibilities that accompany getting terpret this provision consistent with my con- a driver’s license, and it is essential to teach stitutional authority to conduct the foreign our youth—and all Americans—the terrible relations of the United States and my respon- risks of drunk and drugged driving. Males sibilities as Commander in Chief. aged 21–34 are among those most likely to In addition, I remain very concerned about drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs, provisions of the Act that restrict service and there is a critical need for additional pre- women and female dependents of military vention efforts aimed at this group. personnel from obtaining privately funded Alcohol use played a role in 16,600 motor abortions in military facilities overseas, ex- vehicle-related fatalities last year—nearly 41 cept in cases in which the mother’s life is percent of all such deaths. While the number endangered or the pregnancy is the result of these tragedies has declined significantly of rape or incest. In many countries, these over the past decade, the statistics are still U.S. facilities provide the only accessible, devastating. We must continue our campaign safe source for these medical services. of public education, provide increased law My Administration is continuing discus- enforcement, and seek tougher laws and pen- sions with the Congress on the remaining alties for offenders.

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Last June, I called on the Congress to United States of America the two hundred make ‘‘Zero Tolerance’’ the law of the land and twentieth. and require States to adopt a Zero Tolerance William J. Clinton standard for drivers under the age of 21. I am pleased that this provision was included [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, in the ‘‘National Highway System Designa- 4:40 p.m., November 30, 1995] tion Act of 1995,’’ which I signed this week. NOTE: This proclamation was published in the It is already against the law for young people Federal Register on December 4. to consume alcohol, and Zero Tolerance cre- ates a national standard that will make it ef- fectively illegal for young people who have Proclamation 6854—World AIDS been drinking to drive an automobile. Day, 1995 Many States have already enacted Zero November 30, 1995 Tolerance laws. These laws work—alcohol- related crashes involving teenage drivers are By the President of the United States down as much as 20 percent in those States. of America When all States have these laws, hundreds A Proclamation more lives will be saved and thousands of injuries will be prevented. I commend the Today the world pauses to remember the Congress for heeding my call and making millions of men, women, and children who Zero Tolerance the standard nationwide for are living with HIV and AIDS and to honor drivers under the age of 21. the memory of those who have lost their lives to this insidious disease. We renew our com- I am also proud that citizens across the mitment to searching for a cure to AIDS and Nation are working to spread the word about a vaccine for HIV, rededicate ourselves to the dangers of impaired driving. Vital part- reducing the number of people who become nerships have formed among Federal, State, infected with the virus, and devote our ef- and local government agencies, private busi- forts to protecting the dignity and rights of nesses, and community groups. Last year, on all those affected by the AIDS epidemic. December 15, many Americans observed The statistics are overwhelming. Around ‘‘Lights on for Life Day’’ by driving with their the world, more than 18 million people are headlights illuminated in remembrance of believed to be infected with HIV. In America the victims of drunk and drugged driving. I alone, over half a million people have been hope that caring citizens will commemorate struck by AIDS, and more than 300,000 have the same day this month, doing their part already lost their lives. Nearly 80,000 of our to help ensure a safe holiday season. fellow citizens are diagnosed with AIDS and Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, more than 40,000 are dying of the disease President of the United States of America, each year—some 120 every day. In addition, by virtue of the authority vested in me by there are an estimated 40,000 to 60,000 the Constitution and laws of the United Americans who contract HIV annually. The States, do hereby proclaim December 1995, impact of these numbers goes far beyond the as National Drunk and Drugged Driving Pre- individuals involved—each AIDS death dev- vention Month. I urge all Americans to rec- astates a family, weakens a community, and ognize the dangers of impaired driving; to changes society as a whole. HIV and AIDS take responsibility for themselves, their present extraordinary challenges to every na- guests, and their passengers; to stop anyone tion and every person on our planet. under the influence of drugs or alcohol from In the past year, there has been some en- getting behind the wheel; and to help teach couraging progress. Researchers from many children safe driving behavior. countries have combined their knowledge In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set and skills to better understand the virus that my hand this thirtieth day of November, in causes AIDS and its effects on the human the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and body; new AIDS drugs are being developed ninety-five, and of the Independence of the and approved faster than ever before; we are

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beginning to find ways to rebuild immune Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, systems destroyed by HIV so that those in- President of the United States of America, fected can live longer, healthier lives; and we by virtue of the authority vested in me by are aggressively confronting this crisis with the Constitution and laws of the United prevention programs at the grassroots and States, do hereby proclaim December 1, national levels. 1995, as World AIDS Day. I ask the Amer- But there is still much work to do. Half ican people to join me in reaffirming our of all new infections occur among people commitment to combatting HIV and AIDS under the age of 25, and one-fourth occur and in reaching out to all those whose lives among teenagers. We must protect the next have been affected by this disease. generation by continuing to improve the In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set availability of health care services for those my hand this thirtieth day of November, in with HIV and AIDS. Since 1990, the Ryan the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and White CARE Act has offered help and hope ninety-five, and of the Independence of the to hundreds of thousands of people, and we United States of America the two hundred are working with the Congress to extend this and twentieth. vital program for an additional 5 years. How- William J. Clinton ever, while the CARE Act is an essential ele- ment of the safety net that protects people [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:41 p.m., November 30, 1995] with HIV and AIDS, it cannot do the job alone. We must also maintain our 30-year NOTE: This proclamation was published in the commitment to the Medicaid program, Federal Register on December 4. which provides services to nearly half of all Americans living with AIDS and more than Remarks on Lighting the City 90 percent of children with AIDS. Without Christmas Tree in Belfast, Northern the protection that Medicaid affords, these individuals and their families would lose all Ireland access to health care. November 30, 1995 Let us also continue to ensure that our Na- Thank you very much. To the Lord Mayor tion responds aggressively and humanely to and Lady Mayoress, let me begin by saying the needs of people living with HIV and to all of you, Hillary and I thank you from AIDS. Throughout this epidemic, commu- the bottom of our hearts for making us feel nity organizations have taken the lead in the so very, very welcome in Belfast and North- struggle against the disease and in efforts to ern Ireland. We thank you, Lord Mayor, for provide compassionate care to those in need. your cooperation and your help in making Across this country and around the globe, this trip so successful, and we trust that, for generous people perform miracles every all of you, we haven’t inconvenienced you too day—holding a hand, cooling a fever, listen- much. But this has been a wonderful way ing, and understanding. Let us further sup- for us to begin the Christmas holidays. port their efforts to build a better world by Let me also say I understood just what an strengthening the partnership between com- honor it was to be able to turn on this Christ- munities and government in the work to stop mas tree when I realized the competition. AIDS. [Laughter] Now, to become President of the The theme of this eighth observance of United States you have to undertake some World AIDS Day, ‘‘Shared Rights, Shared considerable competition. But I have never Responsibilities,’’ is a call to fight against dis- confronted challengers with the name rec- crimination as strongly as we fight for a cure. ognition, the understanding of the media, When one human being is persecuted be- and the ability in the martial arts of the cause of his or her HIV status, we all suffer. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Let us pledge to stand together, united To all of you whose support enabled me against HIV and AIDS and committed to to join you tonight and turn the Christmas ending ignorance and prejudice. tree on, I give you my heartfelt thanks. I

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know here in Belfast you’ve been lighting the who are here, that would be the equivalent Christmas tree for more than 20 years. But to 25 million calls. this year must be especially joyous to you, The response left no doubt that all across for you are entering your second Christmas Northern Ireland the desire for peace was of peace. becoming a demand. I am honored to an- As I look down these beautiful streets, I nounce today that those same two news- think how wonderful it will be for people to papers, the Newsletter and the Irish News, do their holiday shopping without worry of have established the President’s Prize, an an- searches or bombs, to visit loved ones on the nual award to those at the grassroots level other side of the border without the burden who have contributed most to peace and rec- of checkpoints or roadblocks, to enjoy these onciliation. The honorees will travel to the magnificent Christmas lights without any fear United States to exchange experiences on the of violence. Peace has brought real change issues we share, including community rela- to your lives. tions and conflict resolution. We have a lot Across the ocean, the American people are to learn from one another. The President’s rejoicing with you. We are joined to you by Prize will underscore that Northern Ireland’s strong ties of community and commerce and two traditions have a common interest in culture. Over the years men and women of peace. both traditions have flourished in our country As you know, and as the First Lady said, and helped America to flourish. I have received thousands of letters from And today, of course, we are forging new schoolchildren all over your remarkable land and special bonds. Belfast’s sister city in the telling me what peace means to them. They United States, Nashville, Tennessee, was poured in from villages and cities, from proud to send this Christmas tree to friends Catholic and Protestant communities, from across the Atlantic. I want to thank the most mixed schools, primary schools, from schools prominent present resident of Nashville, for children with special needs. All the letters Tennessee, Vice President Al Gore, the in their own way were truly wonderful for Mayor, Phil Bredesen, and the United States their honesty, their simple wisdom, and their Air Force for getting this big tree all the way passion. Many of the children showed tre- across the Atlantic to be here with you to- mendous pride in their homeland, in its night. beauty, and in its true nature. I congratulate In this 50th anniversary year of the end the winners. They were wonderful, and I of World War II, many Americans still re- loved hearing their letters. member the warmth the people of Northern But let me tell you about another couple Ireland showed them when the army was sta- I received. Eleven-year-old Keith from tioned here under General Eisenhower. The Carrickfergus wrote, ‘‘Please tell everyone in people of Belfast named General Eisen- America that we’re not always fighting here hower an honorary burgess of the city. He and that it’s only a small number of people viewed that honor, and I quote, ‘‘as a token who make the trouble.’’ Like many of the of our common purpose to work together for children, Keith did not identify himself as a better world.’’ That mission endures today. Protestant or Catholic and did not distinguish We remain Americans, and as people of between the sources of the violence. Northern Ireland, partners for security, part- So many children told me of loved ones ners for prosperity, and most important, part- they have lost, of lives disrupted and oppor- ners for peace. tunities forsaken and families forced to move. Two years ago, at this very spot, tens of Yet, they showed remarkable courage and thousands of you took part in a day for peace, strength and a commitment to overcome the as a response to some of the worst violence past. As 14-year-old Sharon of County Northern Ireland had known in recent years. Armagh wrote, ‘‘Both sides have been hurt. The two morning papers, representing both Both sides must forgive.’’ traditions, sponsored a telephone poll for Despite the extraordinary hardships so peace that generated almost 160,000 calls. In many of these children have faced, their let- the United States, for my fellow Americans ters were full of hope and love and humor.

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To all of you who took the time to write me, Queen’s University for allowing us to meet you’ve brightened my holiday season with at this wonderful place in the year of its ses- your words of faith and courage, and I thank quicentennial celebration. I am delighted to you. To all of you who asked me to do what be here. And I’m also delighted that it was I could do to help peace take root, I pledge given to me the honor to make a little an- you America’s support. We will stand with nouncement involving Queen’s. Under the you as you take risks for peace. auspices of the Fulbright program, named And to all of you who have not lost your after the late Senator from my home State, sense of humor, I say thank you. I got a letter J. William Fulbright, who gave me my first from 13-year-old Ryan from Belfast. Now, job in public life, we are establishing a distin- Ryan, if you’re out in the crowd tonight, guished Fulbright lecturer program here at here’s the answer to your question. No, as Queen’s University to bring distinguished far as I know, an alien spacecraft did not Americans to share their experiences and crash in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947. their ideas with their academic colleagues [Laughter] And Ryan, if the United States here and to reach out to the community Air Force did recover alien bodies, they throughout Northern Ireland. didn’t tell me about it, either, and I want Let me say that Hillary and I are delighted to know. to be here with a very large contingent of Ladies and gentlemen, this day that Hillary Americans from all walks of life and from and I have had here in Belfast and in Derry both political parties. I am delighted to be and Londonderry County will long be with the first American President ever to visit us as one of the most remarkable days of Northern Ireland while serving as President. our lives. I leave you with these thoughts. And I think all of you here know that I would, May the Christmas spirit of peace and good given the choice, never miss a chance to go will flourish and grow in you. May you re- to an exciting place and make new friends. member the words of the Lord Mayor, ‘‘This But the real reason I’m here is because of is Christmas. We celebrate the world in a the hard work and the tough choices that new way because of the birth of Emmanuel: many of you in this room have made to ad- God with us.’’ And when God was with us, vance the cause of peace and reconciliation he said no words more important than these, in this land. And I thank you for that. ‘‘Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall I will take away from this visit a lot of en- inherit the Earth.’’ during memories, a lot of lasting impressions Merry Christmas, and God bless you all. of peace. When we were at the Mackie plant this morning, it really struck me as a symbol NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 7:45 of Northern Ireland’s rebirth since the cease- p.m. outside Belfast City Hall. In his remarks, he fire. On the shop floor, men and women who referred to Lord Mayor Eric Smyth of Belfast, and his wife, Frances Smyth. come to the plant by separated gates still, work together side by side with common goals for their families and their commu- Remarks at a Reception Hosted by nities. Sir Patrick Mayhew in Belfast I went to the Enterprise Park in East Bel- November 30, 1995 fast, and I met with tenants and managers who were making the most of their ideas, The President. Thank you. their potential, assisted, among other things, Audience member. Four more years! by the International Fund for Ireland. The President. The plane for America I went to Londonderry where we had an leaves tomorrow morning. I want you to be extraordinary crowd, and I saw the splendor on it. [Laughter] We’ll take you back. of that beautiful old city wall, and also the Thank you, Sir Patrick and Lady Mayhew. remarkable Statue of Reconciliation there, And thank you, Sir Patrick, for your tireless which is also a sharp reminder. If you’ve seen efforts for peace in Northern Ireland. it, you know there are two tall figures with I want to thank the Vice Chancellor, Sir their hands outstretched, but they’re not Gordon Beveridge, and everyone here at quite touching yet. And of course, tonight

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at the Christmas tree lighting, for Hillary and friends, is all up to you. But if you do, we for me it was an especially poignant moment will be proud to walk with you. not only because it reaffirmed the ties be- Thank you, and Merry Christmas. tween our two lands with the President’s Prize and the Christmas tree from your sister NOTE: The President spoke at 9:27 p.m. in Whitla city of Nashville and because of those re- Hall at Queens University. markable letters that those children wrote but also because of what I saw and felt in Remarks to the Community in that vast throng of people. Dublin, Ireland And when I was shaking hands in the December 1, 1995 crowd there when there were no micro- phones on and no cameras shining, person Thank you very much. First, let me say after person after person that I shook hands to all of you Dubliners and all Ireland, Hillary with said, ‘‘We’re glad you’re here. We’re try- and I have loved our trip to your wonderful ing to do this. Please stay with us, we haven’t country. To the Taoiseach and Mrs. Bruton; finished yet. The peace is not certain yet. We Lord Mayor Loftus and Lady Loftus; City have to do this.’’ Person after person. Person Manager Frank Feely; to all the aldermen after person said, ‘‘Surely we’ll never go back who conferred this great honor on me. To to the way it used to be.’’ Just people in the the Americans in , welcome to crowd with their passion and energy and in- all of you. Are there any Irish in the audi- tensity. ence? I want to say also how pleased I am I will remember this day for as long as to be here with a number of Irish-American I live, with great gratitude. And let me say Members of the United States Congress; and what I have said all day, I am proud that the Irish-American Director of the Peace the United States stands with the peace- Corps, Mark Gearan; the Irish-American makers here. We respect each tradition Secretary of Education, Richard Riley; and equally. We believe peace can be built here the Secretary of Commerce, Ron Brown, on the basis of mutual consent and, in fact, who wishes today he were Irish-American. only on that basis. We continue to stand with Thank you all for being here. those who take risks. And we want to see I was on this College Green once before. that there are clear, concrete benefits to Yes. In 1968, when I was almost as young peace through trade and investments and as some of the young students over there. new jobs and new futures. We will do every- Lord Mayor, I never dreamed I would be thing we can to work with all of you to sustain back here on this College Green in this ca- the momentum that Northern Ireland has at pacity, but I am delighted to be here. And this point. I thank you. Let me finally say that I have taken a strict I am told that in earlier times the honor and unyielding position about the role of the I have just received, being awarded the Free- United States as a force for peace throughout dom of the City, meant you no longer had the world. Whether in the Middle East or to pay tolls to the Vikings. I’m going to try in Bosnia or here, it is that we cannot, and that on the Internal Revenue Service when we could not even if we wanted to, impose I get home. I hope it will work. [Laughter] a peace on anyone. People must make their Whether it does or not, I am proud to say own peace from their heads and from their that I am now a free man of Dublin. hearts. All we can do is to do the very best To look out into this wonderful sea of Irish we can to create the best conditions in which faces on this beautiful Irish day I feel like people can make peace, to give the greatest a real ‘‘Dub’’ today—is that what I’m sup- encouragement to the process of peace, and posed to say? [Applause] Not only that, I to offer the hope of every reward we can know we have a handy football team. [Laugh- possibly help to provide. ter] That is our role. That will remain our role. Let me say that, as a lot of you know, be- The details, the direction, and the question cause of events developing in Bosnia and the of whether you will go forward, that my prospect of peace there, I had to cut short

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my trip. But there are a few signs out there Perhaps the memory of the famine ex- I want to respond to. I will return to plains in part the extraordinary generosity of Ballybunion for my golf game. [Laughter] the Irish people, not just to needy neighbors I am also pleased to announce that Presi- in the local parish but to strangers all around dent Robinson has accepted my invitation to the globe. You do not forget those who still come to the United States next June to con- go hungry in the world today, who yearn sim- tinue our friendship. ply to put food on the table and clothes on There’s another special Irish-American I their backs. In places as far away as the Holy want to mention today and that is our distin- Land, Asia, and Africa, the Irish are helping guished Ambassador to Ireland, Jean Ken- people to build a future of hope. nedy Smith, who came here with her brother Your sons and daughters in the Gardai and President Kennedy, 32 years ago and who the defense forces take part in some of the has worked very hard also for the cause of most demanding missions of good will, keep- peace in Northern Ireland. ing the peace, helping people in war-torn Years ago, Americans learned about Dub- lands turn from conflict to cooperation. lin from the stories of James Joyce and Sean Whenever the troubled places of the Earth O’Casey. Today, America and the world still call out for help, from Haiti to Lebanon, the Irish are always among the very first to an- learn about Dublin and Ireland through the swer the call. words of Sebastian Barry, Paula Meehan, Your commitment to peace helps conquer Roddy Doyle; through the films of Jim Sheri- foes that threaten us all. And on behalf of dan, Neil Jordan; through the voices of Mary the people of the United States, I say to the Black and the Delores Keane; and yes, people of Ireland: We thank you for that through the Cranberries and U2. I hear all from the bottom of our hearts. about how the world’s global culture is be- Ireland is helping beat back the forces of coming more American, but I believe if you hatred and destruction all around the world, want to grasp the global culture you need the spread of weapons of mass destruction, to come to Ireland. terrorism, ethnic hatreds, religious fanati- All of you know that I have family ties cism, the international drug trade. Ireland is here. My mother was a Cassidy, and how I helping to beat back these forces that wage wish she were alive to be here with me today. war against all humanity. You are an inspira- She would have loved the small towns and tion to people around the world. You have she would have loved Dublin. Most of all, made peace heroic. Nowhere are the people she would have loved the fact that in Ireland, of Ireland more important in the cause of you have nearly 300 racing days a year. peace today than right here at home. [Laughter] She loved the horses. Tuesday night, before I left the United I understand that there are some Cassidys States to come here, I received the happy out in the audience today. And if they are, word that the Taoiseach and Prime Minister I want to say in my best Arkansas accent, Major had opened a gateway to a just and ce´ad mile failte—beatha saol agus slainte. lasting peace, a peace that will lift the lives One hundred and fifty years ago, the crops of your neighbors in Northern Ireland and of this gorgeous island turned black in the their neighbors in the towns and counties ground and one-fourth of your people either that share the Northern border. That was the starved from the hunger or were lost to emi- greatest welcome anyone could have asked gration. That famine was the greatest tragedy for. I applaud the Taoiseach for his courage, in Irish history. But out of that horrible curse but I know that the courage and the heart came the most bittersweet of blessings, the of the Irish people made it possible. And I arrival in my country of millions of new thank you for what you did. Americans who built the United States and Waging peace is risky. It takes courage and climbed to the top of its best works. For strength that is a hard road. It is easier, as every person here in Ireland today, 12 more I said yesterday, to stay with the old grudges in the United States have proud roots in Irish and the old habits. But the right thing to do soil. is to reach for a new future of peace, not

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because peace is a document on paper or I say: America will be with you as you walk even a handshake among leaders but because the road of peace. We know from our own it changes people’s lives in fundamental and experience that making peace among people good ways. of different cultures is the work of a lifetime. Yesterday in Northern Ireland I saw that It is a constant challenge to find strength for myself. I saw it on the floor of the Mackie amid diversity, to learn to respect differences plant in Belfast, with Catholics and Protes- instead of run from them. Every one of us tants working side by side to build a better must fight the struggle within our own spirit. future for their families. I heard it in the We have to decide whether we will define voices of the two extraordinary children you our lives primarily based on who we are or may have seen on your television, one a who we are not, based on what we are for Catholic girl, the other a Protestant boy, who or what we are against. There are always introduced me to the people of Belfast with things to be against in life, and we have to their hands joined, telling the world of their stand against the bad things we should stand hopes for the future, a future without bullets against. or bombs, in which the only barriers they But the most important thing is that we face are the limits to their dreams. have more in common with people who ap- As I look out on this sea of people today pear on the surface to be different from us I tell you that the thing that moved me most than most of us know. And we have more in that extraordinary day in Northern Ireland to gain by reaching out in the spirit of broth- yesterday was that the young people, Catho- erhood and sisterhood to those people than lic and Protestant alike, made it clear to me, we can possibly know. That is the challenge not only with their words but by the expres- the young people of this generation face. sions on their faces, that they want peace and When President Kennedy came here a decency among all people. generation ago and spoke in this city he said I know well that the immigration from that he sincerely believed, and I quote, ‘‘that your country to the shores of mine helped your future is as promising as your past is to make America great. But I want more than proud, that your destiny lies not as a peaceful anything for the young people of Ireland, island in a sea of troubles, but as a maker wherever they live on this island, to be able and shaper of world peace.’’ to grow up and live out their dreams close A generation later Ireland has claimed that to their roots in peace and honor and free- destiny. Yours is a more peaceful land in a dom and equality. world that is ever more peaceful in significant I could not say it better than your Noble measure because of the efforts of the citizens Prize-winning poet, Seamus Heaney, has of Ireland. For touching the hearts and said, we are living in a moment when ‘‘hope minds of peace-loving people in every corner and history rhyme.’’ In Dublin, if there is of the world, for the risk you must now con- peace in Northern Ireland, it is your victory, tinue to take for peace, for inspiring the na- too. And I ask all of you to think about the tions of the world by your example, and for next steps we must take. giving so much to make America great, Stand with the Taoiseach as he takes risks America says, thank you. for peace. Realize how difficult it is for them, Thank you, Ireland, and God bless you all. having been in their patterns of opposition for so long to the north of you. And realize that those of you who have more emotional NOTE: The President spoke at 2:10 p.m. outside the Bank of Ireland at College Green. In his re- and physical space must reach out and help marks, he referred to Prime Minister John Bruton, them to take those next hard steps. It is worth and his wife, Fionnuala; and Lord Mayor Sean doing. D. Loftus, and his wife, Patricia. A tape was not And to you, this vast, wonderful throng of available for verification of the content of these people here, and all of the people of Ireland, remarks.

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Remarks to the Parliament of Well today I thank Prime Minister Bruton Ireland in Dublin and former Prime Minister Reynolds and December 1, 1995 Deputy Prime Minister Spring and Britian’s Prime Minister Major, and others, but espe- Mr. Speaker Comhaile, you appear to be cially these, for their unfailing dedication to someone who can be trusted with the budget. the arduous task of peace. [Laughter] Such are the vagaries of faith From the Downing Street Declaration to which confront us all. [Laughter] the historic cease-fire that began 15 months To the Taoiseach, the Ta´naiste, members ago, to Tuesday’s announcement of the twin- of the Da´il and the Seanad, head of the Sen- track initiative which will open a dialog in ate: I’m honored to be joined here, as all which all voices can be heard and all view- of you know, by my wife, members of our points can be represented, they have taken Cabinet, and Members of the United States great risks without hesitation. They’ve chosen Congress of both parties, the congressional a harder road than the comfortable path of congregation chaired by Congressman pleasant, present pieties. But what they have Walsh; they are up there. They got an enor- done is right. And the children and grand- mous laugh out of the comments of the children of this generation of Irish will reap Comhaile. [Laughter] For different reasons the rewards. they were laughing. [Laughter] Today I renew America’s pledge. Your I thank you for the honor of inviting me road is our road. We want to walk it together. here, and I am especially pleased to be here We will continue our support, political, finan- at this moment in your history, before the cial, and moral, to those who take risks for elected representatives of a strong, con- peace. I am proud that our administration fident, democratic Ireland, a nation today was the first to support in the executive budg- playing a greater role in world affairs than et sent to the Congress the International ever before. Fund for Ireland, because we believe that We live in a time of immense hope and those on both sides of the border who have immense possibility, a time captured, I be- been denied so much for so long should see lieve, in the wonderful lines of your poet that their risks are rewarded with the tangible Seamus Heaney when he talked of the benefits of peace. In another context a long ‘‘longed-for tidal wave of justice can rise up time ago, Mr. Yeats reminded us that too and hope and history rhyme.’’ That is the long a sacrifice can make a stone of the heart. time in which we live. We must not let the hearts of the young peo- It’s the world’s good fortune that Ireland ple who yearn for peace turn to stone. has become a force for fulfilling that hope I want to thank you here, not only for the and redeeming the possibilities of mankind, support you’ve given your leaders in working a force for good far beyond your numbers. for peace in Northern Ireland but for the And we are all the better for it. extraordinary work you have done to wage Today I have traveled from the north, peace over war all around the world. Almost where I have seen the difference Ireland’s 1,500 years ago, Ireland stood as a lone bea- leadership has made for peace there. At the con of civilization to a continent shrouded lighting of Belfast’s Christmas tree for tens in darkness. It has been said, probably with- of thousands of people there, in the faces out overstatement, that the Irish, in that dark of two communities divided by bitter history, period, saved civilization. Certainly you saved we saw the radiance of optimism born, espe- the records of our civilization, our shared cially among the young of both communities. ideas, our shared ideals, our priceless record- In the voices of the Shankill and the Falls, ings of them. there was a harmony of new hope which we Now, in our time, when so many nations saw. I saw that the people want peace, and seek to overcome conflict and barbarism, the they will have it. light still shines out of Ireland. Since 1958, George Bernard Shaw, with his wonderful almost 40 years now, there has never been Irish love of irony, said, ‘‘Peace is not only a single, solitary day that Irish troops did not better than war but infinitely more arduous.’’ stand watch for peace on a distant shore. In

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Lebanon, in , in Somalia, in so many and a spirit that has enormously enriched the other places, more than 41,000 Irish military life of our country. and police personnel have served over the The regimental banner brought by Presi- years as peacekeepers, an immense contribu- dent Kennedy that hangs in this house re- tion for a nation whose Armed Forces today minds us of the nearly 200,000 Irishmen who number fewer than 13,000. took up arms in our Civil War. Many of them I know that during your Presidency of the barely were off the ships when they joined European Union next year, Ireland will help the Union forces. They fought and died at to lead the effort to build security for a stable, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville and strong, and free Europe. For all—all you Gettysburg. Theirs was only the first of have done and for your steadfast devotion countless contributions to our Nation from to peace, I salute the people of Ireland. those who fled the famine. But that contribu- Our Nation also has a vital stake in a Eu- tion enabled us to remain a nation and to rope that is stable, strong, and free, some- be here with you today in partnership for thing which is now in reach for the first time peace for your nation and for the peoples since nation-states appeared on the Con- who live on this island. tinent of Europe so many centuries ago. But The Irish have been building America ever we know such a Europe can never be built since, our cities, our industry, our culture, as long as conflict tears at the heart of the our public life. I am proud that the delega- Continent in Bosnia. The fire there threatens tion that has accompanied me here today in- cludes the latest generation of Irish-Amer- the emerging democracies of the region and ican leaders in the United States, men and our allies nearby. And it also breaks our heart women who remain devoted to increasing and violates our conscience. our strength and safeguarding our liberty. That is why, now that the parties have In the last century, it was often said that committed themselves to peace, we in the the Irish who fled the great hunger were United States are determined to help them searching for casleain na n-or, castles of gold. find the way back from savagery to civility, I cannot say that they found those castles of to end the atrocities and heal the wounds gold in the United States, but I can tell you of that terrible war. That is why we are pre- this: They built a lot of castles of gold for paring our forces to participate there, not in the United States in the prosperity and free- fighting a war but in securing a peace rooted dom of our Nation. We are grateful for what in the agreement they have freely made. they did and for the deep ties to Ireland that Standing here, thinking about the devasta- they gave us in their sons and daughters. tion in Bosnia, the long columns of hopeless Now we seek to repay that in some small refugees streaming from their homes, it is way, by being a partner with you for peace. impossible not to recall the ravages that were We seek somehow to communicate to every visited on your wonderful country 150 years single person who lives here that we want ago, not by war, of course, but by natural for all of your children the right to grow up disaster when the crops rotted black in the in an Ireland where this entire island gives ground. Today, still, the Great Famine is every man and woman the right to live up seared in the memory of the Irish nation and to the fullest of their God-given abilities and all caring peoples. The memory of a million gives people the right to live in equality and dead, nearly 2 million more forced into exile, freedom and dignity. these memories will remain forever vivid to That is the tide of history. We must make all of us whose heritage is rooted here. sure that the tide runs strong here, for no But as an American, I must say, as I did people deserve the brightest future more just a few moments ago in Dublin downtown, than the Irish. that in that tragedy came the supreme gift God bless you, and thank you. of the Irish to the United States. The men, women, and children who braved the coffin NOTE: The President spoke at 5:30 p.m. in the ships when Galway and Mayo emptied, when Dail Chamber at Leinster House. In his remarks, Kerry and Cork took flight, brought a life he referred to Chairman of the House of Deputies

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Sean Tracey. A tape was not available for verifica- In the afternoon, the President and Hillary tion of the content of these remarks. Clinton had tea with Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip at Buckingham Palace. The President announced his intention to nominate Luis Rovira to serve as a member Digest of Other of the Board of Trustees to the Harry S Tru- man Scholarship Foundation. White House Announcements November 30 In the morning, the President and Hillary The following list includes the President’s public Clinton traveled to Belfast, Northern Ire- schedule and other items of general interest an- land; in the afternoon, they traveled to Lon- nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and donderry, Northern Ireland; and in the early not included elsewhere in this issue. evening, they returned to Belfast. In the evening, the President had meetings November 26 with Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams and In the afternoon, the President and Hillary Democratic Unionist Party leader and Chelsea Clinton returned to the White at Queens University, and Ulster Unionist House from Camp David, MD. Party leader David Trimble at the Europa Hotel. November 27 The President announced his intention to In the afternoon, the President had a tele- appoint J. Robert Beyster to the President’s phone conversation with Speaker of the National Security Telecommunications Advi- House Newt Gingrich on Bosnia. In the sory Committee. evening, he had telephone conversations with The President announced his intention to former President George Bush and former reappoint Susan R. Baron as a member of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin the Board of Directors for the National Cor- Powell on Bosnia. poration for Housing Partnerships. The President announced his intention to nominate H. Martin Lancaster to be the As- December 1 sistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works. In the morning, the President and Hillary The President announced his intention to Clinton traveled to Dublin, Ireland, where they met with President Mary Robinson and nominate James E. Johnson to be the Assist- ´ ant Secretary of the Treasury for Enforce- Mr. Robinson at Aras an Uachtara´in, the ment. President’s residence. The President announced his intention to In the late afternoon, the President had nominate LeVar Burton to be a member of meetings with Fiana Fa´il party leader Bertie the National Commission on Libraries and Ahern, Nobel Prize winner Seamus Heaney, Information Science. and Progressive Democrats Party leader Mary Harney. November 28 In the evening, the President and Hillary In the afternoon, the President attended Clinton attended a dinner hosted by the Irish a luncheon on Capitol Hill with Senate Government in the Ballroom of Dublin Cas- Democratic leaders. tle. In the evening, the President and Hillary The President announced his intention to Clinton traveled to London, England. appoint Thomas L. Baldini as the U.S. Com- missioner of the U.S.-Canada International November 29 Boundary Commission. In the morning, the President planted a The President announced his intention to tree at the U.S. Ambassador’s residence. reappoint Joseph John DiNunno as a mem- Later, the President and Hillary Clinton ber to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety toured Westminster Abbey, where the Presi- Board. dent laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Un- The President announced the appoint- known Warrior. ment of Thomas P. Cross to the Presidential

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Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans’ H. Martin Lancaster, Illnesses. of North Carolina, to be an Assistant Sec- The President announced seven individ- retary of the Army, vice Nancy Patricia Dorn, uals to the Presidential Advisory Council on resigned. HIV/AIDS: Stephen N. Abel, Tonio Burgos, Jerry Cade, B. Thomas Henderson, Helen Submitted November 30 M. Miramontes, Robert Michael Rankin, and John R. Lacey, Richard W. Stafford. of Connecticut, to be a member of the For- eign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States for a term expiring September 30, 1998 (reappointment). Nominations Luis D. Rovira, Submitted to the Senate of Colorado, to be a member of the Board of Trustees of the Harry S Truman Scholar- ship Foundation for a term expiring Decem- The following list does not include promotions of ber 10, 2001, vice Lorraine Mindy members of the Uniformed Services, nominations Meiklejohn, term expiring. to the Service Academies, or nominations of For- eign Service officers.

Submitted November 27 Ann L. Aiken, Checklist of Oregon, to be U.S. District Judge for the of White House Press Releases District of Oregon, vice James H. Redden, retired. The following list contains releases of the Office of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as Joseph A. Greenaway, items nor covered by entries in the Digest of of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for Other White House Announcements. the District of New Jersey, vice John F. Gerry, retired. Released November 27

Faith S. Hochberg, Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for retary Mike McCurry the District of New Jersey, vice H. Lee Announcement of nomination for four U.S. Sarokin, elevated. District Court Judges

Ann D. Montgomery, Released November 28 of Minnesota, to be U.S. District Judge for Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- the District of Minnesota, vice Diana E. retary Mike McCurry Murphy, elevated. Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry Submitted November 28 announcing that the President signed S. 395, ending the ban on exporting oil from Alaska’s North Slope LeVar Burton, of California, to be a member of the National Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry Commission on Libraries and Information announcing that the President signed H.R. Science for a term expiring July 19, 2000, 440, releasing more than $5 billion for trans- vice Kay W. Riddle, term expired. portation projects Released November 29 James E. Johnson, of New Jersey, to be an Assistant Secretary Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- of the Treasury, vice Ronald K. Noble. retary Mike McCurry

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Transcript of remarks by George Mitchell, Acts Approved Special Assistant to the President and Sec- by the President retary of State for Economic Initiatives in Ireland Approved November 28 Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry S. 395 / Public Law 104–58 on House action on the VA/HUD appropria- To authorize and direct the Secretary of En- tions bill ergy to sell the Alaska Power Administration, and to authorize the export of Alaska North Slope crude oil, and for other purposes Released November 30 S. 440 / Public Law 104–59 Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- National Highway System Designation Act of retary Mike McCurry 1995 S. 1328 / Public Law 104–60 To amend the commencement dates of cer- Released December 1 tain temporary Federal judgeships Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- Approved December 1 retary Mike McCurry H.R. 2126 / Public Law 104–61 Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry Department of Defense Appropriations Act, on the situation in Burma 1996

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