2021 Senior A & B Showmanship and Your and Your Questions Bank

Youth Ages 15-18 as of January 1, 2021

Show Committees and Judges: Please use these questions when interviewing youth for Senior A & B Showmanship and Senior You and Your Dog Judging during the 2021 4-H project year. Judges may also select any of the questions posted for Juniors and Intermediates for Senior B Showmanship exhibitors.

Recommended use: Judges can select 2 or 3 sets of 6 questions and put each set in an envelope, allowing exhibitors to choose 1 of the envelopes, or use the same 6 questions for all seniors at a show. Select less difficult questions for Senior A Showmanship handlers. For State Fair Showmanship and You and Your Dog interviews youth will select 1 of 3 envelopes.

Recommended scoring: Where answers require explanations, exhibitors may answer using their own wording provided they convey the same meaning as the correct answer. As a judge, do not give hints or define a word in the question or statement. Youth are expected to know the meaning of the words. Each question is worth 10 points. If one question asks for multiple answers, then give partial credit for each correct answer.

Questions asked during the 2021 Ohio State Fair Senior Showmanship and You and Your Dog classes will come from this bank of questions. For Senior B Showmanship exhibitors, questions can also come from Junior and Intermediate question banks. Youth can find the answers to all these questions in the Ohio 4-H Dog Resource Handbook ©2018.

Q1. What ancestor of the dog inhabited earth 54-38 million years ago during the Eocene epoch? A1. Miacis P. 14

Q2. How is the rickettsia organism that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever transmitted? A2. Through the bite of the American dog tick P. 149

Q3. Give the common name for 3 species of mites that infect . A3. (1) Walking dandruff (2) Ear mites (3) Demodectic mange (4) Sarcoptic mange (5) Chiggers P. 150-151

Q4. Describe a button ear. A4. An ear where the ear flap folds forward, with the tip lying close to the skull so as to cover the opening P. 23

Q5. Describe an overshot bite. A5. The incisors of the upper jaw extend beyond the incisors of the lower jaw P. 23

Q6. Describe an almond eye. A6. An elongated eye shape that describes the tissue surrounding the eye itself, and is shaped like an almond P. 24 Q7. Describe an otter tail. A7. A tail that is thick at the base, round and tapering, with the hair parted or divided on the underside P. 25

Q8. Describe the Fiddle Front conformation referring to a dog’s front legs. A8. The forelegs are out at the elbows, pasterns are close, and feet are turned out P. 27, 175

Q9. Regarding conformation, name the 3 types of forequarters. A9. (1) Straight front (2) Down in pastern (3) Knuckled over P. 27

Q10. Define hindquarter angulation. A10. The angle formed by the upper thigh meeting the lower thigh P. 28

Q11. Regarding conformation, name the 4 types of rear legs. A11. (1) Correct, straight or normal (accept any of these) (2) Slightly narrow (3) Bandy or wide (accept either) (4) Cow-hocked P. 28

Q12. Why are curly coats common in breeds of water dogs? A12. These coats are very effective at repelling water P. 30

Q13. What 3 kinds of stimulation occur during socialization of ? A13. (1) Physical (2) Emotional (3) Mental P. 43

Q14. What are 3 reasons dogs howl? A14. (1) As a form of group vocalization (2) To seek companionship (3) In response to high pitched noises P. 43

Q15. Describe a dog’s body and tail posture when in a play bow. A15. Body – front end is lowered, forepaws bent and extended, and hind end up Tail – carried up, may give sweeping wags P. 44

Q16. What is the psychological term for calming signals? A16. Displacement behaviors P. 48

Q17. What are 3 reasons dogs use calming signals? A17. (1) To maintain a healthy social hierarchy (2) To decrease threat (3) To encourage an approach P. 48

Q18. When your you hear him whine and fuss in the middle of the night after he has been asleep for a while. What should you do? A18. Pick him up, take him outside, praise him when he goes to the bathroom, and put him back in his crate. Do not cuddle and play with him. P. 56

Q19. What 4 terms are used in describing the principles of operant conditioning? A19. (1) Positive (2) Negative (3) Reinforcement (4) Punishment P. 61

Q20. What are the 4 principles of operant conditioning? A20. (1) Positive reinforcement (2) Positive punishment (3) Negative punishment (4) Negative reinforcement P. 61, 62

Q21. According to Leslie Nelson, what 4 traits do good trainers possess? A21. (1) They are quick (they have good timing) (2) They are generous (use lots of reinforcement) (3) They are unpredictable (vary when, how much, and how they reinforce) (4) They are variable (use many different reinforcements) P. 64

Q22. What is “proofing” your dog, and give 3 examples? A22. Preparing him for things that might happen Examples: exposing him to distractions, noises, unfamiliar places, different surfaces, strangers, etc. P. 73

Q23. Describe how to teach your dog the “down” command using a food lure. A23. First sit your dog, then take the treat straight down from his nose to the ground between his front feet. When he follows the food to the ground, pull the treat directly away from him along the ground. P. 75

Q24. What are the 3 different stays your dog needs to learn for basic obedience work? A24. (1) Long Sit (2) Long Down (3) Stand for Exam P. 77

Q25. What are the 2 ways a dog might do a Finish exercise at the end of the Recall in obedience? A25. (1) He may go to your right and around behind you to sit at your left side (2) He may go to your left and do a small circle to sit in heel position P. 80

Q26. When performing a Figure 8 in an obedience class, what are 2 things a judge is looking for? A26. (1) Smoothness in handling (2) A change of pace for your dog as he negotiates the inside and outside turns P. 77

Q27. Gaining control of your dog’s head is the first step in stacking. What are the 2 ways this can be achieved? A27. (1) Make sure the collar/show lead is snug behind the ears. Hold the lead taut and close to the dog’s neck, just tight enough to keep it in place, but not tight enough to choke the dog. (2) Hold the dog’s lower jaw and cheek on the side closest to you without wrapping your fingers around the muzzle. P. 103

Q28. In showmanship, what is the difference in showing a dog’s bite versus showing a dog’s teeth? A28. To show a dog’s bite, you show the dog’s front teeth To show a dog’s teeth, then the sides are also shown P. 107

Q29. What is the purpose of Assistance Dogs International, Inc.? A29. To improve the areas of training, placement, and utilization of Assistance Dogs as well as staff and volunteer education P. 121

Q30. What 3 parts of a dog’s external anatomy, in order from front to back, make up the backline? A30. Back, Loin, and Croup P. 130

Q31. What are 3 major differences when comparing the human skeleton to the canine skeleton? A31. (1) Absence of collarbones in dogs (2) Upright posture assumed by humans (3) Attachment of humerus of the dog to the chest wall along his entire length (4) Humans walk on entire foot, while dogs walk on what is the equivalent of a human toe P. 131

Q32. Name 6 internal parasites that can be found in dogs. A32. (1) Roundworms (2) Hookworms (3) Whipworms (4) Tapeworms (5) Heartworms (6) Giardia P. 145 - 147

Q33. What 2 bones comprise a dog’s forearm? A33. Radius and Ulna P. 131, 132

Q34. In reference to a dog’s hair, what does each compound hair follicle contain? A34. Each follicle contains 1 to 5 larger, longer, and stiffer primary or guard hairs P. 133

Q35. What 5 parts comprise a dog’s cardiovascular system? A35. (1) Heart (2) Blood vessels (3) Spleen (4) Lymph nodes (5) Bone marrow P. 134

Q36. In the muscular system, what is the function of smooth muscles? A36. To control movement of the organs in the body cavities P. 134

Q37. Where are the withers located on a dog? A37. At the top of the shoulder blades at the junction with the neck P. 178

Q38. How can you reduce or prevent roundworm infestations in puppies? A38. Treat bitches prior to, during, and after pregnancy with a worm medicine as prescribed by your veterinarian P. 145

Q39. Where are adult heartworms found in dogs? A39. In the right chambers of the heart and larger blood vessels P. 147

Q40. What are 3 signs of a dog infected with Giardia? A40. (1) Soft stools (2) Diarrhea (3) Mucous in the stools (4) Sometimes abdominal pain P. 147

Q41. The American dog tick is a three-host tick. What does this mean? A41. Each developmental stage feeds on a different host P. 149

Q42. What are the first 3 symptoms of heartworm infestation that typically appear after the adult worms have infested the heart and adjacent blood vessels? A42. (1) Shortness of breath (2) Shallow cough (3) Tendency to tire easily P. 147

Q43. What are 3 other names for Demodectic mange? A43. (1) Red mange (2) Puppy mange (3) Follicular mange P. 151

Q44. The most common bite-associated infection transmitted by a to humans is caused by what type of bacterium? A44. Pasteurella bacterium P. 152

Q45. What are 5 signs of periodontal disease in dogs? A45. (1) Bad breath (halitosis) (2) Inflammation of the gums (3) Bleeding of the gums (4) Recession of the gums (5) Tooth loss P. 153

Q46. What are 3 advantages of feeding a dog dry ? A46. (1) It is less expensive (2) The hard texture helps clean tartar from their teeth (3) It can be fed free choice P. 162

Q47. What are 5 essential amino acids required for dogs? A47. (1) Arginine (2) Histidine (3) Isoleucine (4) Leucine (5) Lysine (6) Methionine (7) Threonine (8) Phenylalanine (9) Tryptophan (10) Valine P. 160

Q48. In addition to large breed dogs perhaps having special protein needs, protein requirements also vary depending on what 5 other factors? A48. (1) Growth stages (2) Reproductive stages (3) Activity level (4) Age (5) Health P. 160

Q49. What are the 4 stages of a bitch’s estrous cycle? A49. (1) Anestrus (2) Proestrus (3) Estrus (4) Diestrus P. 167

Q50. What is the definition of zoonosis? A50. Diseases that can be passed from animals, whether wild or domesticated, to humans and vice versa P. 178