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Effects of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide on Pituitary-Adrenal Activation in Rats

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Effects of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide on Pituitary-Adrenal Activation in Rats Neuroendocrinoiogy neuroíjpeport NeuroRcport 9, 2601-2603 (1998) Tim effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on the hypothnlnmo-pituitary-adrenal system response to Effects of C-type different stressors was studied. Various doses of CNP (0.2, 2, 4 |xg) were injected into the lateral cerebral natriuretic peptide on ventricle of freely moving rats 30 min before stress and activation of the adrenal was measured by plasma corti- pituitary-adrenal costerone. CNP did not affect basal corticosterone secre- tion in the doses applied, but inhibited in a activation in rats dose-dependent manner the increase in plasma corticos- terone induced by ether stress, electric shock and Miklós Jászberényi,CA Erika Bujdosó restraint. CNP exerted a more profound inhibitory effect on the response to ether stress than on that to electric and Gyula Telegdy shock or restraint. These results suggest that CNP acts centrally and to a different extent on the responses to Department of Pathophysiology, different stresses. NeuroReport 9:2601-2603 © 1998 Rapid Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Science Ltd. Semmelweis u. 1, POB 531, 6701 Szeged, Hungary Key words: C-type natriuretic peptide; Electric shock; Ether stress; Pituitary-adrenal system; Restraint '-^Corresponding Author Introduction introduced into the right cerebral ventricle 1 week before the experiment, at coordinates 0.2 mm poste- Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is present rior and 1.7 mm lateral to the bregma, and 3.7 mm in the brain,1,2 is able to inhibit pituitary [p-]adrenal deep from the dural surface, according to the atlas activation.3"10 C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) can of Pellegrino et it/.15 Surgery was performed under also be detected in the brain,"*12 and seems to be the pentobarbital (Nembutal 35 mg/kg, ip.) anesthesia. most abundant type of natriuretic peptide in the Cannulas were secured with dental acrylic cement. central nervous system.13 Since both ANP and CNP The rats were allowed a minimum of 5 days to are members of a family of peptides which share recover from the surgery before peptide treatment. homologous sequences in chemical structure, "*14 Rat CNP-22 was purchased from Bachem (Cal, involvement of CNP in the control of the pituitary[p- USA). All experiments started at 08.00 h. jadrcnal axis seemed likely. The present experiments Different doses (from 20 ng to 4.0 p.g) of CNP therefore explored the effect of CNP introduced into dissolved in saline, or saline alone (control animals), the lateral cerebral ventricle on basal corticosterone was injected i.c.v. in a volume of 2 p.1, immobiliza- secretion, and on the changes induced by three tion of the animals being avoided during handling. types of stress: ether stress, electric foot-shock and Thirty min after the i.c.v. injection, the animals were restraint. exposed to different stressors. For ether stress, rats were removed from their cages and placed indivi- dually for 1.5 min in a large closed jar containing Materials and Methods paper towels saturated with diethyl-ether. Electric The animals were kept and handled during the exper- foot-shock was given to rats placed in a shock-box iments in accordance with the instructions of the (a wooden box with a stainless steel grid floor). Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University Ethical Animals were exposed to an unescapable foot-shock Committee for the Protection of Animals. of 1 mA for 5 s every 15 s for a total of 1 min. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were Restraint involved placing the animals in a plastic housed 5 per cage on a 12:12 h light:dark cycle tube, which was closed at either end with a metal with access to a standard diet. The rats were handled plate, for 30 min. daily for 1 week before the experiment to reduce The animals were sacrificed by decapitation in a the effects of non-specific stress. In order to allow separate room 30 min after the stress procedures. intracercbroventricular (i.e.v.) peptide administration, Approximately •'3 ml trunk blood was collected the rats were implanted with a stainless steel cannula into beakers containing 0.2 ml heparin. The plasma © Rapid Science Ltd Vol 9 No 11 3 August 1998 2 601 neurofyeport M. Jaszberenyi, E. Bujdoso and G. Telegdy corticostcrone level was measured by the fluorescence • control E 55 assay described by Zenker and Berstein16 and modi- ® 4pg CNP o 50 -- fied by Purves and Sirctt.17 At the same time, to verify o •*- 45 • 2 pgCNP the permeability of the cannulas, methylene blue was C71 40 -- S 4 pg CNP + shock injected into each decapitated head and the brains 3 35 T a 2pg CNP + sh * i 30 -- were dissected. Only animals with correctly located c • electric shock o 25 cannulas were used for evaluation. 1— H 03 20 -- Values are presented as means ± s.e.m. Data were in o 15 iI k I evaluated statistically using the ANOVA procedure o 10 -- w t followed by Tukey's post hoc test. A probability o 5 5 o 0 1 m. ( level of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. FIG. 2. The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on plasma corti- costerone levels evoked by electric shock. +p = 0.0046 vs electric shock; 'p- 0.0003 vs electric shock. Figures within the bars repre- Results sent the number of animals used. CNP in a dose of 2 p.g or 4 p.g had no significant effect on the basal level of plasma corticosterone (Figs • control 55 M 4 pg CNP 1-3). Ether stress (Fig. 1), electric shock (Fig. 2) or o 50 • 2 pg CNP restraint (Fig. 3) all caused an approximately 4-fold o 45 S 4 pg CNP + restraint increase in plasma corticosterone. CNP caused a ® 40 S 2 pg CNP + restraint dose-dependent inhibition of ether-stress-induced 3 35 (H restraint secretion of corticosterone (Fig. 1). The effect was tu 30 o 25 significant (p < 0.001) even at a dose of 0.02 p-g: the 5 20 corticosterone response was inhibited by 58% by 15 0.2 p.g and abolished by 2 p.g CNP (both p < 0.0001) 10 so that there was no difference from controls 5 12 0 | i (p a 0.096 and 0.93, respectively). The effects of CNP on the corticosterone response to electric shock were FIG. 3. The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on plasma corti- less marked (Fig. 2). The 2 p.g dose, which abolished costerone levels evoked by restraint. *p = 0.0099 vs restraint. Figures the response to ether, decreased the corticosterone within the bars represent the number of animals used. response by only 24% [p < 0.005); the 4 p.g dose decreased the response by 34% (p < 0.001) but to Discussion a level still significantly above that in controls (p< 0.0001). The effects of CNP on the corticos- The chemical similarity between ANP and CNP"'14 terone response to restraint stress were also less suggests that they might also share biological activity. marked (Fig. 3). Only the highest dose of CNP ANP inhibits ACTH secretion at the pituitary (4 p.g) was able to diminish the restraint-induced level,4-9 and may also inhibit the release of corti- increase in plasma corticosterone in a statistically cotrophin releasing hormone (CRH).3'10 significant manner (p < 0.01); the effect of 2 p.g CNP We have demonstrated that i.e.v. administered was not significant. CNP can decrease the secretion of corticostcrone induced by three different stresses, but it is not able to affect the basal secretion. This probably • control occurs by a central neuropeptide action of CNP on t 55 § 50 & 2 pg CNP the hypothalamo-pituitary CRH-ACTH axis. This 45 • 2 pg CNP + ether hypothesis is supported by the findings of Charles 18 a 40 & 0.2 pg CNP + ether et it/., who showed i.c.v. administered CNP to 3 35 m 0.02 pg CNP + ether suppress the adrenocortical response to hypotension <d 30 in the sheep. Mulligan et al,19 reported a lack of CNP o 25 HI ether effect on the basal or stimulated ACTH release from a 20 g 15 equine pituitary cells in vitro, which suggests that o 10 ••5 CNP does not act at the pituitary to inhibit ACTH o 5 secretion. In contrast, Fink et al} have demonstrated u 0 m a marked facilitatory effect of intra-atrial but not FIG. 1. The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on ether stress- i.c.v. administration of anti-ANP serum on the induced plasma corticosterone levels. 0.0002 vs ether; *p- ACTH response to stress and conclude that ANP 0.0001 vs ether; p. 0.0001 vs ether. Figures within the bars repre- sent the number of animals used. acts at the level of pituitary. All these findings suggest 2502 Vol 9 No 11 3 August 1998 Effects of C-type natriuretic peptide neuroíjpeport that ANP acts as a hormone on the pituitary, but response. This discrepancy may be explained by CNP acts centrally. Furthermore, the concentration differences in the anatomical or biochemical organi- of CNP in the cerebrospinal fluid is one order of zation of the pathways involved in the various stress magnitude greater than that of ANP.13 responses. In our experiments, CNP influenced the hormone responses brought about by ether, electric shock and References restraint to different extents. It is clear from a number 1. Kawata MK. Nakao K. Morii N et al. Nautoscience 10.
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