Nestle Cards Guide
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Date CA Company Highlights Industrial Design Social History Manufacturing Resistances Key People Facts /Quotes marketing RD # 1867 1 Henri Nestlé begins selling cow’s-milk based formula for infants who could not be breast-fed 1869 2 1870 Nestlé publishes "Memorial on the nutrition of infants" 1873 n/a By 1873, demand for Nestlé’s product exceeded production capabilities 1874 n/a Nestlé company purchased by Jules Monnerat, a member of parliament, for SFr 1 million. 1875 3 Company renamed Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé with Monnerat as chairman. 1898 n/a Purchase of a Norwegian condensed milk company. Until 1898 Nestlé purposely only manufactured in Switzerland not wanting to expand production by going elsewhere. 1900 n/a As Nestlé was based in Vevey, the center of the Swiss Nestlé opened first chocolate industry, it also became involved in chocolate factory in the United States, and soon after Britain, Germany, and Spain. 1905 4 Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company merge Seven factories in Emile-Louis an Switzerland, six in Roussy becomes d 5 Great Britain, three chairman in Norway, and one each in the United States, Germany, and Spain. 1907 n/a With increased production and sales company begins to replace sales agents with subsidiary companies, particularly in Asian markets 1914 n/a Nestlé’s operations, particularly in Britain and Germany, were seriously affected by World War I so investment increased outside of Europe 1915 6 Supplied chocolate and an condensed milk as d 7 emergency food to armies 1916 Acquires Ergon, a Norwegian company with patents for powdered milk. 1917 n/a 1918 n/a By end of WWI Nestlé has 40 factories production more than double what it was in 1914. 1910s 8 Begins to advertise infant an formula. In future this will d 9 become one of the main points of resistance to corporate control of basic foods. 1920 n/a Acquires a controlling interest in three companies in Australia; Production in Latin America begins with a factory in Araras, Brazil 1921 n/a Reported first annual loss leading to plunge in stock value. Worldwide controls Banking experts 80 factories and 12 brought into subsidiaries and managment team affiliates. 1923 n/a Chairman Louis Dapples 1928 10 Nestlé merges with Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses S.A. 1929 n/a Stock value of U.S. subsidiary, Nestlé’s Food Company Inc. of New York, barely moved during market crash of 1929. 1930 n/a Subsidiaries in Argentina and Cuba established Date CA Company Highlights Industrial Design Social History Manufacturing Resistances Key People Facts /Quotes marketing RD # 1932 11 Nescau (an evaporated milk developed in Brazil, Nescao Small factory in other Latin American countries) established in Moravia, Czechoslovakia to manufacture Nescao, 1934 12 Milo an d 13 1935 n/a As a result of Great Factories in Chile The markets, such as the United States, that were among the Depression, Nestlé and Mexico. The first to feel the effects of the Depression were also the first to creates holding company recover from it. The Depression continued in Switzerland, companies to allow streamlines however. Nestlé products manufactured there could no longer differential managment of production and compete on international markets since Swiss currency global network of plants closes several exchanges were made especially difficult from the early 1930s, and subsidiaries. Ushers factories, including when many major countries devalued their currencies, until in new phase of its two oldest, in 1936, when Switzerland finally did likewise. The company multinational corporate Switzerland decided to streamline production and close several factories, management. including its two oldest, in Cham and Vevey. Decentralization efforts begun during the Depression continued to modify the company’s structure gradually. By 1936, the industrial and commercial activity of the Nestlé and Anglo- Swiss Condensed Milk Company itself was quite limited in comparison with the considerable interests it had in companies manufacturing and selling its products. More than 20 such companies existed on five continents. In effect, the firm had become a holding company. Consequently, the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company Limited was established to handle production and marketing on the Swiss market; the parent company officially became a holding firm, called the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Holding Company Ltd.; and a second holding company, Unilac Inc., was created in Panama by a number of Nestlé’s overseas affiliates. 1936 14, Milkybar, Nestrovit and Quality Street 15 an d 16 1937 n/a Louis Dapples dies while still chairman leading to shake-up of entire management team. Chairman Edouard Muller becomes managing director. 1938 17, Crunch, Nescafe Nescafe instant coffee was the result of eight Although Nestlé 18, years of research, which began when a originally intended 19 representative of the Brazilian Coffee Institute to manufacture asked Louis Dapples if Nestlé could Nescafe in Brazil, manufacture “coffee cubes” to help Brazil use administrative its large coffee surplus. barriers were too great, so Nescafe was first manufactured in Switzerland 1939 20 With start of WWII profits plummet to $6 million from $20 Due to WWII Nestlé million in 1938. Acquires Toll House. Nescafe launched in transfers part of the the United States management and executive team to Stamford, Connecticut to manage non-European interests. Dual management continues until 1945. 1940 21 Nestea. Nestea introduced to the US market in 1948, and http://www. an today is one of Nestlé’s global billionaire brands nestle. d com/aboutus/hi 22 story/nestle- company- history/nestea 1941 23 Heavy demand for an Nescafe and powdered d milk from US armed 24 forces sustains company during war 1944 25 Nido 1945 n/a Nestlé’s total sales jumped from $100 million before the Nestlé's industrial research turns focus to three areas considered war to $225 million in 1945, with the greatest increase most likely to affect food industry: an increase in world occurring in North America, where sales went from $14 population, rising standards of living in industrialized countries, million to $60 million. Swiss and US management teams and the changing social and economic conditions of raw- re-integrate. material-producing countries. Date CA Company Highlights Industrial Design Social History Manufacturing Resistances Key People Facts /Quotes marketing RD # 1947 26 Merger with Alimentana S.A., the manufacturer of Maggi Edouard Muller seasonings leads to rebranding as Nestlé Alimentana transitioned to Company. chairman of Nestlé Alimentana, but died in 1948, so Carl Abegg assumed leadership 1948 27 Nesquik an d 28 1950 29 Nestlé acquires Crosse and Blackwell, a British Crosse and Blackwell were not allowed compete against the US based manufacturer of preserves and canned foods. H.J. Heinz Company in the United Kingdom 1954 30 Cerelac 1960's 31 Nestlé Ice Cream an d 32 1963 n/a Nestlé acquired Findus frozen foods in Scandinavia Findus Frozen performed well in Sweden, but encountered difficulties in other markets, where the British-Dutch giant Unilever reigned. 1966 33 Nestlé merged its German, Italian, and Australian Findus Nestle one of first to adapt freeze-drying an branches with Unilever. Taster’s Choice, the first freeze- technology to coffee. d dried coffee, as well as other instant drinks 34 1968 35 Chambourcy 1969 36 Vittel 1971 37 Thomy and Wonka; Acquires Libby an d 38 1973 39 Acquires Stouffer’s; Lean Cuisine an d 40 1974 41 Becomes major shareholder in L’Oreal, entering nonfood business for the first time 1975 42, The report "The Baby Of Nestlé’s 303 Boycott against all Nestlé products starts in the United States in response 43 Killer" is published. manufacturing to Baby Killer report. Estimates of Nestlé’s losses as a result of the an Written by the London facilities, the 81 boycott, which lasted until the early 1980s, range as high as $40 million. d NGO "War On Want". factories in 44 The report claimed that developing nations aggressive advertising of contributed 21 infant forumula in percent of Nestlé’s developing countries lead total production. to mothers using Nestlé’s formula any way they could. In poverty-stricken areas with high rates of illiteracy mothers were not able to read the instructions and often mixed the product with local polluted water or used an insufficient amount of the expensive formula, unwittingly starving their infants. 1977 n/a Acquisition of Alcon Laboratories, a Fort Worth, Texas, pharmaceutical company that specialized in ophthalmic products 1979 n/a Nestlé purchases Burton, Parsons and Company Inc., an American manufacturer of contact lens products. The company adopted its present name— Nestlé S.A 1981 45 Galderma Company complies with Helmut Maucher the World Health becomes Organization’s demand managing director that Nestlé stop promoting infant formula through advertising and free samples. 1983 46, Hot Pockets, Minor and Nerds 47 an d 48 1985 49, Acquisition of Carnation: Coffee-Mate, Friskies, and The acquisition of 50, Carnation milk products. Acquistion of Hills Brothers Carnation for $3 billion 51 Inc., the third largest U.S. coffee firm. was one of the largest acquisitions in the history of the food industry 1986 52 Chocapic, Estrelitas, Herta, NESPRESSO to 56 Date CA Company Highlights Industrial Design Social History Manufacturing Resistances Key People Facts /Quotes marketing RD # 1988 57 Acquisition of Rowntree Mackintosh PLC—a leading Nestlé paid £2.55 billion to British chocolate manufacture. Acquisition of Italian pasta (US$4.4 billion) for 66 maker Buitoni SpA. Rowntree Mackintosh— marking the largest takeover of a British company by a foreign one to date and one of the largest takeovers of a food company anywhere. 1990 67 Butterfinger and Cheerios to 71 1991 72 Through 1990s in context of establishment of EU Nestlé and The Coca-Cola Company form a Worldwide an acquisition of 31 manufacturers and brands including Aleo 50-50 joint-venture, Coca-Cola Nestlé expansion of d Drumstick (US), Indra (SWE), La Campiña (MEX), Refreshment Company, (renamed Beverage manufacturing 73 Intercsokolàdé (HUN).