Global Connectivity Landscape

Belomorsk

GREENLAND SWEDEN Arkhangelsk GREENLAND Noyabrsk FINLAND ICELAND Petrozavodsk Surgut ICELAND Vologde ALASKA Vyborg NORWAY Kotka Cherepovets Krov Perm RUSSIAN FEDERATION Oslo Helsinki St.Petersburg Kostrama Whittier Stockholm lvanovo Valdez Cornwall Novgorod N.Novgorod Yoshkar-Ola Izhevsk Ekaterinburg Vladimir Kazan Kranoyarsk ERMC Lena Point ESTONIA Kingisepp TEA Tomsk Naberezhuye Pskov Cheboksary Tyumen Novosibirsk Juneau CANADA EIG(2011) DENMARK Chelny Tayshet TEA Bude LATVIA Tver’ TAT-14 Moscow Saransk Ulyanovsk Kurgan Kemerovo BlaabjergCopenhagen EAC-C2C Emi TGN-Pacific Yellow/AC-2 Coleraine UNITED AlbertslundYstad Rezekne UFA Omsk Ajigaura New Jersey/New York Tolyaltti PC-1 APCN2 Goodhilly Downs SMW3 KINGDOM Gedser LITHUANIA Smolensk Ryazan Kitaibaraki Sylt Pedersker Kauga APG(2012) Japan-US Bellport Yellow/AC-2 WACS Southport Hamburg Baltica Cheliabinsk Zeya IRELAND BELARUS Samara Abakan Chita APCN2 Miura FEA AC-1 Highbridge TGN Western Europe Barnaul Novokuznetsk Brookhaven Norden Kolobrzeg Tula Irkutsk Dublin Ribnitz ERMC Skovorodino TEA US APCN MAC TGN-Atlantic Beverwijk Orel Penza Petropavloysk Chikura Miyazaki London Katwijk aan Zee Minsk Bryansk Saratov SJC(2012) TPC-5 Island Park FA-1 TGN-Atlantic NETHS. POLAND Lipetsk Pottington Berlin TPC-5 NorthStar Northport FA-1 TGN Western Europe Amsterdam Warsaw Kursk Tambov Ninomiya Ostende EAC-C2C FEA Apollo Porthcurno FEA BELGIUM GERMANY Kyzyl Komsomolsk- Manasquan Kiev Voronezh Orenburg Zabaykai sk EAC-C2C APG(2012) TAT-14 Skewjack FA-1 LUX. CZECH REP. Belgorod Blagoveschensk na-Amore Shinmaruyama Lannion St. Valery Velgograd AJC TPE Vancouver TAT-14 Whitesands Bay AC-1 SLOVAKIA Heihe Khabarovsk Shima Tuckerton Plérin UKRAINE Ulan-Bator PC-1 TGN-Pacific Global Net Paris Luhansk Atyrau Toyohashi Penmarch AUSTRIA Astrakhan KAZAKHSTAN Birobidzhan Japan-US TGN-IA PC-1 Harbour Pointe Shirley Apollo MOLDOVA e SWITZ. HUNGARY MONGOLIA ERMC Japan-US Wada FNAL Lynwood p Odessa Rostov-on-Don Wall Township TGN-Atlantic o Fuyuan Maruyama r FRANCE SLOVENIA AJC u 3 Montreal E W CROATIA ROMANIA Elista M Novorossiysk Krasnodar n S Harbin r Monaco Toronto Ottawa Halifax Hibernia Atlantic e BOSNIA Borhojn-Tai Hillsboro Hibernia Atlantic t Marseille Stavropol s Chioggia & HERZ. SERBIA Varna Hibernia Atlantic e Bilbao OCS Cherkessk Nalchik Vladivostok TGN-Pacific Nedonna Beach Hibernia Atlantic W BSF Gronzyy TEA Lynn TAT-14 - Sochi TAT-14 N Barcelona MONT. BULGARIA Makhachkala UZBEKISTAN Nakhodka AC-1 G S TPC-5 Bandon AC-1 T M TE North MACEDONIA VladikavkazNazran Chicago Madrid M KYRGYZSTAN Brookhaven TGN-Atlantic A W ALBANIA Poti GEORGIA Tashkent TGN-Atlantic E E 4 F D Bari Apollo s AZERBAIJAN Baki R Apollo ilu JC TGN-Atlantic Seixal t ARMENIA N TGN-Atlantic Valencia u NORTH KOREA TGN-Pacific Yellow/AC-2 Lisbon Palermo a TURKMENISTAN Beijing Washington DC Yellow/AC-2 11) N Pyongyang Manchester 20 d Chung Hom Kok EAC-C2C ( e TAJIKISTAN FA-1 Sesimbra EIG FA-1 Athens M Tseung Kwan O EAC-C2C AC-1 Gibraltar Mazara del Vallo Marmaris Shindu-Ri AC-1 Estepona SMW3 TAT-14 Conil -C2C UNITED STATES TAT-14 Annaba Bizerte Tunis Catania Tehran Deep Water Bay TGN-IA AC Naoetsu TPE FA-1 Algiers M E Pusan FA-1 Tétouan edN Chania Yeroskipos SYRIA CHINA Keoje Apollo Oran F autilu Kabul TVH Apollo Asilah IM EA s JAPAN Morro Bay Columbus-III E LEBANON Islamabad AAG TPE Japan-US Columbus-III Rabat WE Baghdad San Luis Obispo TUNISIA E Tripoli AFGHANISTAN APCN Grover Beach IG (2 Abu Lantau Island 011) APCN2 Los Angeles Alexandria Talat IRAQ IRAN Tripoli Chongming Redondo Beach FEA TPC-5 St.David’s Sidi Keri Port Said Tai Po APG(2012) UNITY Tijuana MAC JORDAN Kuwait City Suez PAKISTAN FNAL EAC-C2C ACE(2011) Zafarana New Delhi Tong Fuk PC-1 MAC El Medano KUWAIT SJC(2012) Aqaba NEPAL APCN2 Alta Al Khobar ALGERIA Ras Sidr Bandar Abbas BHUTAN Vista LIBYA Kathmandu China-US AAG Boca Raton EGYPT Okinawa Branching Unit North Port FOG Chabahar SMW3 Sumaisma Fujairah Karachi s Gl BANGLADESH VCH Pa Li on TGN-Pacific os Miami ob WESTERN Cr Hollywood a Doha Nanning Shantou Tanshui Taipei China-US rn Americas-II l N Dubai Dhaka FNAL APCN2 e MEXICO Cat Island MAC WACS(2011) SAHARA th e TGN-Pacific u t SAT-3/WASC Zafarana U.A.E Al Guangzhou Oahu So OS Calcutta RC Nassau SAUDI ARABIA Barka Cox’s Bazar Stations A INDIA TPC-5 Japan-US ATLANTIC OCEAN Hanoi MACAU EAC-C2C Keawaula Crooked Island ATLANTIC OCEAN MYANMAR Fangshan Maili Mazatlán Havana TGN-IA TPC -5 Mexico City Providenciales Puerto MAURITANIA Jeddah Kahe Point Makaha Cancun Half Moon CUBA Plata Port LAOS ss Guadalajara Bay Nouakchott OMAN Cro Tulum Spencer Beach thern Sou BELIZE Puerto Cana San Juan MALI NIGER Mumbai HAWAII Al Ghaydah Pyapon Ballesteros Gua JAMAICA DOMINICAN Isla Verde Praia SMW4 La Union m-P Belize City REPUBLIC Khartoum EIG(2011) hili Maya-1 FALCON Danang ppin AAG Puerto Miramar ERITREA Al Hudaydah FEA AAG es PAC Cortes Trujillo CAPE VERDE Dakar CHAD Cavite Puerto Barrios St.Croix Banjul Asmara SMW3 IMEWE Manila Puerto YEMEN TVH GAMBIA SENEGAL SMW4 ia Bangkok Nasugbu GUATEMALA Lempira Global Net SUDAN as Chennai APCN2 HONDURAS ur Sri Racha Batangas Puerto San Jose SAC BURKINA E FEA Puerto N S APG (2012) Piti GUINEA- G WAC (2012) APCN FASO /T M CAMBODIA AAG EL Le Lamentin m Petchaburi NICARAGUA Cabezas SAM-1 aco W S GUINEA City Se i2i Tumon Bay SALVADOR CO Bissau 3 EAC-C2C Tanguisson Point AR BENIN TIC TVH Vung Tau TGN-IA Bluefields DJIBOUTI 3 TPC-5 Cochin W GUAM SAC Conakry SJC (2012)APCN2 María Ríohacha Punto TOGO NIGERIA Addis Ababa EA APCN VIETNAM SM COSTA RICA F ) Chiquita Fijc Camuri SIERRA LEONE EAC-C2C 2 Barranquilla Port of Spain Americas-II COTE 1 Unqui Colon GHANA 0 Maiquetía Puerto (2 Puerto Tolu Freetown D’IVOIRE Cotonou C Porto-Novo ETHIOPIA SRI LANKA Songkhla A Limón Cartagena Viejo Global Net Atlantis-2 LIBERIA Lome CENTRAL AFRICAN Colombo W PANAMA Lagos CAMEROON TIS Fort Amador Monrovia Abidijan REPUBLIC Mt. Lavina Limbe Douala Satun Penang Bander Seri Begawan PAC SOMALIA SAFE Kuantan Bogotá Yaounde Kuala Lumpur BRUNEI

Tungku EQUAT. GUINEA UGANDA Medan Melaka A PACIFIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN u Bata DMCS s COLOMBIA KENYA t Mersing r a REP. OF EASSy l SAm-1 Libreville Dumai i CONGO Rengit a - J Punta Camero GABON BRCS a MIC-1 p Batam a BSCS M RWANDA Nairobi n Quito A C T a R DEM. REP. OF b I ECUADOR BURUNDI Mombasa X l Pointe Noir CONGO e Muanda Southern Cross Fortaleza

s TANZANIA s o Ancol PAPUA r Máncora C Luanda Dar Es Salaam Jakarta n SAC AAG r NEW GUINEA e

h Cacuaco APCN t u APG(2012) o S Moroni BSCS PERU Changi SAFE EAC-C2C ANGOLA Lima MALAWI TGN-IA Lurin ZAMBIA Lilongwe TIC

ACE(2011) TIS WACS(2011) SAT-3/WASC Brasilia

EAC-C2C SAC Changi North MATRIX La Paz Global Net S Global Net MOZAMBIQUE M MIC-1 Suva Salvador Atlantis-2 SAm-1 W FIJI BOLIVIA ZIMBABWE Antananarivo 3 Katong APCN2 NAMIBIA Bay Jocotet i2i Arica Windhoek SJC(2012) Tuas BOTSWANA SMW3 Swakopmund Sanit Paul SMW4 Rio de Janeiro Walvis Bay Gaborone Toliara SAC Singapore WAC(2012) PARAGUAY Santos Asunción SWAZILAND AUSTRALIA SOUTH LESOTHO AFRICA SAFE ARGENTINA Perth SAC Valparaiso Yzerfontein Oxford Falls URUGUAY Brookvale Santiago Melkbosstrand Paddington Adelaide Montevideo Alexandria Buenos Aires Takapuna CHILE Canberra Whenuapai Las Toninas Melbourne NEW ZEALAND Wellington This work is based upon sources believed to be reliable, but the publisher does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of any information of any information or completeness the accuracy but the publisher does not warrant believed to be reliable, upon sources This work is based from authoritative taken sources boundaries in this map are any errors or omissions. The political for any purpose and is not responsible for of this map. at the date of publication believed to be accurate and are version : 10/2010