The Wesleyans Enter Fiji
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METHODIST PIONEERS in the SOUTH PACIFIC by Rev
METHODIST PIONEERS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC By Rev. Dr F. Baker The first chaplain appointed to New South Wales in 1786 was a Methodist in the secondary sense of being a devout evangelical clergyman, and was deliberately sponsored as such by William Wilberforce, friend and admirer of the Wesleys. The second who arrived under Wilberforce's auspices, Samuel Marsden (1765-1838),1 was similar in spirituality, but much tougher both in spirit and in body. His Methodism was even nearer to that of Wesley, for he had been born into a Yorkshire Wesleyan family. and apparently became one of their lay preachers.2 He was educated for the Anglican ministry at the expense of the Elland Clerical Society, an evangelical group founded in 1767 by Wesley's friend the Rev. Henry Venn, vicar of Huddersfield.3 By them he was sent to Hull Grammar School (aged 23!) and then on to Magdalene College. Cambridge, where he was befriended by Rev. Charles Simeon, after whom he named one of his children.4 The dire straits of the Chaplain in New South Wales, however, undoubtedly stressed by Governor Phillip in person as well as by Johnson himself in letters, made Wilberforce and his friends extremely anxious to secure another evangelical candidate as quickly as possible. Therefore they exerted pressure on Marsden, even to the extent of persuading him to leave Cambridge without graduating. His agreement was a measure of his Christian dedication, and also proof that they had indeed chosen the right man, eminently qualified by spiritual gifts, by robust strength, and by practical training. -
We Are Kai Tonga”
5. “We are Kai Tonga” The islands of Moala, Totoya and Matuku, collectively known as the Yasayasa Moala, lie between 100 and 130 kilometres south-east of Viti Levu and approximately the same distance south-west of Lakeba. While, during the nineteenth century, the three islands owed some allegiance to Bau, there existed also several family connections with Lakeba. The most prominent of the few practising Christians there was Donumailulu, or Donu who, after lotuing while living on Lakeba, brought the faith to Moala when he returned there in 1852.1 Because of his conversion, Donu was soon forced to leave the island’s principal village, Navucunimasi, now known as Naroi. He took refuge in the village of Vunuku where, with the aid of a Tongan teacher, he introduced Christianity.2 Donu’s home island and its two nearest neighbours were to be the scene of Ma`afu’s first military adventures, ostensibly undertaken in the cause of the lotu. Richard Lyth, still working on Lakeba, paid a pastoral visit to the Yasayasa Moala in October 1852. Despite the precarious state of Christianity on Moala itself, Lyth departed in optimistic mood, largely because of his confidence in Donu, “a very steady consistent man”.3 He observed that two young Moalan chiefs “who really ruled the land, remained determined haters of the truth”.4 On Matuku, which he also visited, all villages had accepted the lotu except the principal one, Dawaleka, to which Tui Nayau was vasu.5 The missionary’s qualified optimism was shattered in November when news reached Lakeba of an attack on Vunuku by the two chiefs opposed to the lotu. -
Setting Priorities for Marine Conservation in the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion Contents
Setting Priorities for Marine Conservation in the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion Contents Acknowledgements 1 Minister of Fisheries Opening Speech 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 5 1.0 Introduction 7 2.0 Background 9 2.1 The Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion 9 2.2 The biological diversity of the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion 11 3.0 Objectives of the FIME Biodiversity Visioning Workshop 13 3.1 Overall biodiversity conservation goals 13 3.2 Specifi c goals of the FIME biodiversity visioning workshop 13 4.0 Methodology 14 4.1 Setting taxonomic priorities 14 4.2 Setting overall biodiversity priorities 14 4.3 Understanding the Conservation Context 16 4.4 Drafting a Conservation Vision 16 5.0 Results 17 5.1 Taxonomic Priorities 17 5.1.1 Coastal terrestrial vegetation and small offshore islands 17 5.1.2 Coral reefs and associated fauna 24 5.1.3 Coral reef fi sh 28 5.1.4 Inshore ecosystems 36 5.1.5 Open ocean and pelagic ecosystems 38 5.1.6 Species of special concern 40 5.1.7 Community knowledge about habitats and species 41 5.2 Priority Conservation Areas 47 5.3 Agreeing a vision statement for FIME 57 6.0 Conclusions and recommendations 58 6.1 Information gaps to assessing marine biodiversity 58 6.2 Collective recommendations of the workshop participants 59 6.3 Towards an Ecoregional Action Plan 60 7.0 References 62 8.0 Appendices 67 Annex 1: List of participants 67 Annex 2: Preliminary list of marine species found in Fiji. 71 Annex 3 : Workshop Photos 74 List of Figures: Figure 1 The Ecoregion Conservation Proccess 8 Figure 2 Approximate -
A Victorian Curate: a Study of the Life and Career of the Rev. Dr John Hunt
D A Victorian Curate A Study of the Life and Career of the Rev. Dr John Hunt DAVID YEANDLE AVID The Rev. Dr John Hunt (1827-1907) was not a typical clergyman in the Victorian Church of England. He was Sco� sh, of lowly birth, and lacking both social Y ICTORIAN URATE EANDLE A V C connec� ons and private means. He was also a wi� y and fl uent intellectual, whose publica� ons stood alongside the most eminent of his peers during a period when theology was being redefi ned in the light of Darwin’s Origin of Species and other radical scien� fi c advances. Hunt a� racted notoriety and confl ict as well as admira� on and respect: he was A V the subject of ar� cles in Punch and in the wider press concerning his clandes� ne dissec� on of a foetus in the crypt of a City church, while his Essay on Pantheism was proscribed by the Roman Catholic Church. He had many skirmishes with incumbents, both evangelical and catholic, and was dismissed from several of his curacies. ICTORIAN This book analyses his career in London and St Ives (Cambs.) through the lens of his autobiographical narra� ve, Clergymen Made Scarce (1867). David Yeandle has examined a li� le-known copy of the text that includes manuscript annota� ons by Eliza Hunt, the wife of the author, which off er unique insight into the many C anonymous and pseudonymous references in the text. URATE A Victorian Curate: A Study of the Life and Career of the Rev. -
Fifty Years of Studies in 1'\ Ethod1st History
Paoe•• DUCOI FIFTY YEARS OF STUDIES IN 1'\ ETHOD1ST HISTORY The Wesley Historical Society was established in 1893 and therefore celebrates its Jubilee this year. The early issues of the Proceedings were full of useful articles and studies for students of Methodist history. New letters of Wesley were constantly being found and corrections in the existing editions of Wesley's Journals and Letters were constantly being made. Indeed it can be safely said that we should never have had such admirable Standard Editions of both Letters and Journal but for the work of the Society. It was in the Proceedings that the suggestion was first made for the publication of these standard editions. These fifty years have seen notable achievements in the field of Methodist history. The most important of these have been the publication of the Standard Editions of Wesley's Journal (8 vols.) and Wesley's Letters. (8 vols.) and what has come to be regarded as the standard Life of John Wesley, that by Dr. J. S. Simon, in 5 vols. There is no man in English history of whose life the details are 80 fully known not only from year to year but for a great part of it from hour to hour as John Wesley; The Rev. W. B. Brash in the Didsbury College Centenary volume says "Apart from Birk beck Hill's editing of Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson, it is the most carefully and fully edited book known to us in the field of English Literature." The Editor, Rev. Nehemiah Curnock, like so many other specialists in this period, was a Didsbury man. -
P a C I F I C O C E
OCHA Regional Office for Asia Pacific FIJI Issued: 20 January 2008 177°E 178°E 179°E 180° 179°W 178°W Thikombia Island 177° Nalele Rotuma Island 16°S PACIFIC 16°S 12°30’ Rotuma Sumi OCEAN Namukalau Nambouono Vunivatu NORTHERN Nanduri Namboutini Nayarambale Napuka Yangganga Navindamu Labasa Nailou Yangganga Rabi Channel Korotasere Nakarambo Savu Sau Nawailevu Taveun i Mate i Vanuabalavu Riqold Channel Mbangasau t i Matei Yasawa a Yandua r Nggamea Vanua Levu t Qeleni Cicia S Ndenimanu o Nacula Ndaria o m o s Waiyevo Navotua Waisa m S o Matacawalevu Matathawa Levu Rave-rave Taveuni 17°S Yaqeta VATU-I-RA CHANNELThavanga 17°S Somosomo Navakawau UP RO Naviti G A W A EXPLORING S Waya S ISLES A Y Koro Nalauwaki NORT Thikombia BLIGH WATER Togow ere Koro HERN LAU Tavua Makongai GRO Nasau UP Nayavutoka Vanuakula Lautoka Navala Navai Ovalau KORO SEA Bureta Levuka Tu vu th a Tuvutha Mala WESTERN Nayavu Lawaki Malololailai Nadi Wairuarua Lovoni Bukuya Nairai Malolo Vunindawa Saweni Korovou EASTERN Momi Viti Levu CENTRAL Narewa Dromuna Ngau 18°S Naraiyawa Nayau Liku 18°S Namosi Nausori Bega Ngau Sigatoka Navua Vatukarasa SUVA e Levuka Lakemba ssag Pa qa Vanuavatu Be Waisomo Mbengga National Capital City, Town Moala Moala Major Airport River Namuka Llau Provincial Boundary Namuka International Boundary Vabea 0 20 40 Kilometers Kandavu 19°S Soso 19°S Nukuvou SOUTHERN LAU GROUP 0 20 40 Miles Kandavu Fulanga Ongea Projection: World Cylindrical Equal Area Nasau Andako Matuku Monothaki Map data sources: Global Discovery, FAO 177°E 178°E 179°E 180° 179°W 178°W The names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations Map Ref: OCHA_FJI_Country_v1_080120. -
TAVEUNI ISLAND, FIJI SPREP Library Cataloguing-In-Publication Data
ECOSYSTEM AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESILIENCE ANALYSIS AND MAPPING TAVEUNI ISLAND, FIJI SPREP Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping: Taveuni island, Fiji. Apia, Samoa: SPREP, 2020. 56 p. 29 cm. ISBN: 978-982-04-0781-7 (print) 978-982-04-0782-4 (ecopy) 1. Ecosystem management – Taveuni island – Fiji. 2. Nature conservation. 3. Climatic changes – Adaptation. 4. Biodiversity conservation – Economic aspects. 5. Biodiversity conservation – Social aspects. 6. Environmental Impact analysis. I. Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). II. Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change Project (PEBACC). III. Title 333.72’9611 Copyright © Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), 2020. Reproduction for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written consent of the copyright owner. Cover photo: Lake Tagimaucia, Taveuni, Fiji © Stuart Chape SPREP’s vision: The Pacific environment, sustaining our livelihoods and natural heritage in harmony with our cultures. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Chris Heider Ecologist, WPN Project Manager Simione Tuimaleg Cultural Resource Specialist Ed Salminen Hydrologist Rikki Eriksen Marine Ecologist Mark Buckley Economist Herman Timmermans PEBACC Project Manager Filomena Serenia PEBACC Project Officer Jilda Shem PEBACC Communications Officer ECOSYSTEM and SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESILIENCE ANALYSIS and MAPPING Taveuni island, FIJI A report prepared by the Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change Project (PEBACC) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) through the International Climate Initiative (IKI) for their commitment to the Fijian people and the environment. -
Filling the Gaps: Identifying Candidate Sites to Expand Fiji's National Protected Area Network
Filling the gaps: identifying candidate sites to expand Fiji's national protected area network Outcomes report from provincial planning meeting, 20-21 September 2010 Stacy Jupiter1, Kasaqa Tora2, Morena Mills3, Rebecca Weeks1,3, Vanessa Adams3, Ingrid Qauqau1, Alumeci Nakeke4, Thomas Tui4, Yashika Nand1, Naushad Yakub1 1 Wildlife Conservation Society Fiji Country Program 2 National Trust of Fiji 3 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University 4 SeaWeb Asia-Pacific Program This work was supported by an Early Action Grant to the national Protected Area Committee from UNDP‐GEF and a grant to the Wildlife Conservation Society from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (#10‐94985‐000‐GSS) © 2011 Wildlife Conservation Society This document to be cited as: Jupiter S, Tora K, Mills M, Weeks R, Adams V, Qauqau I, Nakeke A, Tui T, Nand Y, Yakub N (2011) Filling the gaps: identifying candidate sites to expand Fiji's national protected area network. Outcomes report from provincial planning meeting, 20‐21 September 2010. Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji, 65 pp. Executive Summary The Fiji national Protected Area Committee (PAC) was established in 2008 under section 8(2) of Fiji's Environment Management Act 2005 in order to advance Fiji's commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)'s Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA). To date, the PAC has: established national targets for conservation and management; collated existing and new data on species and habitats; identified current protected area boundaries; and determined how much of Fiji's biodiversity is currently protected through terrestrial and marine gap analyses. -
Black Evangelicals and the Gospel of Freedom, 1790-1890
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2009 SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 Alicestyne Turley University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Turley, Alicestyne, "SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890" (2009). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 79. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/79 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Alicestyne Turley The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2009 SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 _______________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION _______________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Alicestyne Turley Lexington, Kentucky Co-Director: Dr. Ron Eller, Professor of History Co-Director, Dr. Joanne Pope Melish, Professor of History Lexington, Kentucky 2009 Copyright © Alicestyne Turley 2009 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 The true nineteenth-century story of the Underground Railroad begins in the South and is spread North by free blacks, escaping southern slaves, and displaced, white, anti-slavery Protestant evangelicals. This study examines the role of free blacks, escaping slaves, and white Protestant evangelicals influenced by tenants of Kentucky’s Second Great Awakening who were inspired, directly or indirectly, to aid in African American community building. -
Methodist Camp Meetings
METHODISM “When ideas fail, words come in handy.” — Anonymous HDT WHAT? INDEX METHODISM METHODISM 1738 May 24, Wednesday (Old Style): John Wesley’s “New Birth” experience of the “grace” of spiritual consolation. From the very beginning of his Methodist movement the Reverend Wesley would be advocating plainness of dress and avoidance of jewelry. In his ADVICE TO THE PEOPLE CALLED METHODISTS, WITH REGARD TO DRESS, he wrote: “Wear no gold, no pearls, or precious stones.... I do not advise women to wear rings, earrings, necklaces.” Wesley went to great length to give Scriptural support for his position, quoting among other scriptures the injunction in 1 Peter 3:3, “Let not yours be the outward adorning with braiding of hair, decoration of gold, and the wearing of fine clothing, but let it be the hidden person of the heart with the imperishable jewel of a gentle and quiet spirit.” ONE OF THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF THE HISTORIAN IS TO HELP US CONSTRAIN STORYTELLING. IF, FOR INSTANCE, A POLITICIAN PRESENTS HIMSELF AS THE MESSIAH, WE HISTORIANS CAN PULL UP ONE OR ANOTHER OF THE MANY THOUSANDS OF HISTORIES OF JESUS CHRIST AND GO “NO, HERE’S A MESSIAH, AND YOU WILL NOTE THAT ON THIS LIST OF THE VARIOUS MESSIAHS THAT WE HAVE PLACED ON RECORD, THE NAME OF JESUS IS PRECEDED BY THE NAMES OF 5 OTHER IDENTIFIED MESSIAH CLAIMANTS AND HAS BEEN SUCCEEDED TO DATE BY THE NAMES OF MULTIPLE OTHER IDENTIFIED AND RECORDED MESSIAH CLAIMANTS.” HISTORY IS NOT PRIMARILY ABOUT RECORDING WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED, BECAUSE PRIMARILY IS ABOUT SETTING NEEDED LIMITS ON OUR CREDULOUS STORYTELLING. -
Colonial Uneven Development, Fijian Vanua, and Modern Ecotourism in Taveuni, Fijii
Colonial Uneven Development, Fijian Vanua, and Modern Ecotourism in Taveuni, Fijii Hao-Li Lin University of Pittsburgh Introduction This article is an attempt to situate the modern ecotourism ventures operated in the Bouma region of Taveuni today in the context of the island’s history of development from the pre-colonial times and the local Fijian communities’ vanua (land) identity. The main argument is that Bouma is a peripheral sphere, constructed by a series of events that contributed to a condition of “uneven development” (Harvey 2005:55-89; Smith 2008[1984]). The process was an intertwined history of land sale by the paramount chiefdom, establishment of large-scale plantations by foreign planters, and gazetting of nature reserves by the British colonial government from 1860 to 1914. These were further legalized by the colonial land tenure system and native policies. Although Bouma was seemingly left untouched in this history of land alienation and retained the majority of the native lands on Taveuni, the spatial dynamics of the island has been transformed and it became marginalized from the export-based plantation economy of Taveuni. The itaukei (natives) of Bouma do not see their environment in terms of capitalist production values. Believing themselves as the autochthonous people of the island, they seized the growing discourse of sustainable development and established their ecotourism projects in the 90s in the hope of uplifting their vanua identity, on which an indigenous blueprint of development resides. In this article, while concerning the expression of vanua in the Bouma region as a whole, I will focus on examples from Waitabu, one of the four main communities in Bouma. -
METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY Records, 1798-1916 Reels M118
AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY Records, 1798-1916 Reels M118-72C, M988-91 Methodist Missionary Society 25 Marylebone Road London NW1 National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1958-59, 1967 CONTENTS Page 3 Historical note Reels M118-72C 4 Committee minutes, 1798-1865 5 Minutes and reports of district committees, 1822-62 8 Incoming correspondence, 1812-89 8 Australia, 1812-89 12 Tasmania, 1823-76 13 New Zealand, 1819-82 16 Friendly Islands, 1822-75 17 Fiji, 1835-84 18 Samoa, 1834-70 18 Outgoing correspondence, 1816-67 20 Personal collections 20 James Calvert, 1838-92 24 John Hunt, 1833-68 25 Richard Lyth, 1836-56 26 H. Hanson Turton, 1839-40 26 Nathaniel Turner, 1829 26 Joseph Orton, c. 1832 27 John Bumby, 1836-57 27 John Thomas, 1825-81 30 Candidates’ papers, 1829-56 30 Ships records, 1837-66 35 Property and land, 1831-57 36 Miscellaneous papers 37 Drawings, prints and maps Reels M989-92 38 Letters and journals of missionaries in Fiji, 1833-57 39 Minutes and reports of the Fiji District, 1835-52 2 HISTORICAL NOTE Wesleyan missions overseas began in 1786 when Thomas Coke, one of the closest associates of John Wesley, landed at Antigua in the West Indies. Soon missions were established in every colony in the West Indies. Under Coke’s leadership, missions were also sent to Sierra Leone (1811) and Ceylon (1813). In 1804 the Methodist Conference set up a Standing Committee of Finance and Advice to manage its foreign relations and from 1813 onwards district auxiliaries were formed to support the work of the overseas missions.