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2012 CDC STATISTICS 2012 CDC STATISTICS 314 million, 5 million morbidly obese.  in BMI can lead to  BP, TC &  HDL. 60 million overweight & 40 million obese.

 in BMI can lead to CAD risk: women 4X. BMI: Divide weight in lbs by height in inches2 X 703. Ex: Weight = 150 lbs, Height = 5'5" (65") 45% of women & 30% of men are on a . Calculation: [150 ÷ (65)2] x 703 = 24.96

Obesity has doubled. (1980-15%, 2011-32%)

$75 billion on products & services.

35% of occasional dieters turn into chronic dieters.

OBESITY LINKED TO CANCER WHAT WE SEE

17% of breast cancers (33,000 cases per year) Open up a magazine, turn on the television or browse 24% of kidney cancers (13,900 cases per year) the internet, & it!s hard to avoid stumbling across the next “miracle diet”

9% of colorectal cancers (13,200 cases per year) 21% of gallbladder cancers (2,000 cases per year) 35% of esophageal cancers (5,800 cases per year)

28% of pancreatic cancers (11,900 cases per year) 49% of endometrial cancers (20,700 cases per year)

American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) 2012

WHAT WE NEED DIETARY INTAKE "No matter who you are, no matter what you do, you 1. CHO: 45% - 65% (130g for optimal brain function) absolutely, positively do have the power to change.# 2. FAT: 20% - 30% "People with clear, written goals, accomplish far more in a shorter period of time than people without them 3. PROTEIN: 10% - 35% could ever imagine.#

4. ADDED SUGARS: < 15% of total K!s.

NHANES 2008

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USFDA DAILY REFERENCE VALUES POPULAR DIET CLAIMS Nutrient Grams based on 2,000K daily. 1. "Carbohydrates cause Obesity & Diabetes#

2. "High Glycemic food cause Obesity & Diabetes# Carbohydrates 225 to 325

Protein 50 to 150

Fat 45 to 80

CHO CAUSE OBESITY & DIABETES CHO CAUSE OBESITY & DIABETES THE CLAIM: CHO FACTS: 1. Transports sugar from blood to cells. 1. Eating CHO leads to a greater production 2. Regulates liver glucose production. of insulin which inhibits fat burning & increased fat storage. 3. Converts glucose into glycogen.

4.  protein & fat synthesis. 2. This leads to obesity &  risk of diabetes.

CHO CAUSE OBESITY & DIABETES HIGH GLYCEMIC FOODS MAKE YOU FAT CHO FACTS: THE CLAIM: 1. Foods with a high glycemic index cause a  in 1. Glucose goes to liver & muscle first then stored as fat. blood glucose & high insulin response.

2. Excess calories in any form causes hyperinsulinemia. 2. High insulin =  fat storage, obesity & diabetes.

3. Diabetes rick factors? 4. Obesity, sedentary lifestyles & genetics$ not CHO!

5. Science says that obesity leads to insulin resistance.

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HIGH GLYCEMIC FOODS MAKE YOU FAT HIGH GLYCEMIC FOODS MAKE YOU FAT

THE FACTS: Carbohydrate Calories Serving Size 1. BIAS! Compared a 50g load, not 15g GI. 2. Rise in blood glucose in response to 50g of CHO. Carrots 195 8 grams 3. What about the actual serving size or number of K!s? 4. Blood glucose response does not match as much when CHO are eaten with protein & fat. Boiled potato 500 25 grams

White bread 1250 30 grams

Sugar 1725

KETOSIS, LEAN TISSUE LOSS NOT SCIENTIFICALLY POSSIBLE

AND DEHYDRATION Blocks fat absorption! 1. Each gram of glycogen stored, so is 3g of water. No magic non-prescription pill blocks fat absorption. 2. Overweight can lose 10-12 pounds in two weeks! FAT LEVELS REMAIN UN-CHANGED! Everyone loses weight! 1. AA!s from muscle is used for fuel. Water loss is a We are all very unique. dehydrate diet, & appetite is suppressed. One size might not fit all.

Lose weight w/o exercise! Work & effort required. No one can do the work for you.

NOT SCIENTIFICALLY POSSIBLE ATKINS APPROACH Miracle patch! Credentials Medical Director of Atkins! Center of . No skin applicant 3 books & revisions in 1972, 2002 & 2010. causes weight loss. Claims Weight loss$ up to 10 pounds within two weeks & eat lots of fatty foods. Calories ~ 900 for 2 weeks all from pro & fat; then 1,500 Lose permanently! daily with CHO intake limited 20 grams/day. Don!t trust any diet that Sustainability LIMIT CHO…body runs alternative fuel. (PRO) promises permanent results. Sugars & starches are squeezed out; protein & fat like chicken, meat & eggs are embraced. Lose 20 in 20 days! Weight loss Different phases. Induction, ongoing, pre- Safe & effective weight loss maintenance & lifetime. VARIES. is 1-2 lbs per week. Research 2012 Obesity study followed 1,141 patients. Average of 18 pounds lost over 6 months. Source: Consumers facts in diet ads.

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THE THE ZONE Credentials Dr. Agatston is a Florida cardiologist. Credentials Barry Sears, Ph D, is a researcher at M.I.T.

Claims Restricts processed & high glycemic CHO!s Claims 40% carbohydrate; 30% protein; 30% fat the first 2 weeks. CHO!s added in Phase 2 & 3. promotes ideal health & homeostasis.

Calories Calories are not counted. With restrictions the Calories About 1,200 for females, & 1,400 for males. first 2 weeks, the calorie intake is low. Sustainability Few restrictions but it!s difficulty with low calorie Sustainability First 2 weeks calories are limited, the next 2 & carbohydrate intake for recreation & athletes. phases not so many restrictions. Weight loss Average of 8-10 pounds the first 2 weeks. Weight loss Average of 1 to 1 ½ lbs per week. Then it slows down. (drastically) Research Current research does not support a specific Research Includes physiological information regarding combination of foods promotes weight loss digestion, diabetes & disease. better than any other diet.

SUGAR BUSTERS EAT MORE, WEIGH LESS

Credentials H. Leighton Steward, C.E.O, Fortune 500 Credentials , M.D. President of the Preventive Energy Co. 3 additional Ph. D, none in dietetics. Medicine Research Institute, & professor at the University of California, San Francisco. Claims  fat &  K diets do not work. Claims Eating a high fiber, low fat (<10%, no saturated Tag line…Cut sugar to trim fat fat) diet will improve health & cause weight loss. Calories ADA analysis of 1,200 calories/day. Calories No calorie counts, but EAT calories that count. Sustainability  K &  glycemic foods restrictions. Difficult to maintain long term. (Extremely) Sustainability Very different from a modern Western diet. Some will have difficulty. (in the long term) Weight loss Average of 1 to 1 ½ lbs. per week. Weight loss Varies since calories are not controlled. Research Harvard research does not support that eliminating glycemic foods leads to weight . Research Studies show weight loss & document reversal of coronary blockage. (Author of 6 books)

RAW FOOD DIET THE

Credentials Dr. (Lithuania) USA. Cured herself Credentials Developed by Japanese philosopher George of cancer with , internal cleansing & Ohsawa in the 1920!s.  popularity by Madonna. organic unprocessed plant-based foods. Claims  disease prevention &  optimal health. Claims More energy, better skin, improved digestion, Help prevent heart disease, diabetes & cancer. weight lose & low risk of metabolic syndromes. Calories No calorie restrictions. Calories Vary based upon consumption, however 10-35% Protein, 65% CHO &  20% fat. definitely adequate in CHO, protein & fat. Not the easiest diet around. Sustainability Like all programs it requires organization, Sustainability Not typical diet. Omits most animal products. motivation & preparation. 6 big words? Microwaves & caffeine, not macrobiotic friendly. Weight loss Absolutely. Superior blood tests usually occur. Weight loss Probably. Foods are  fiber. Research Vital enzymes allows superb digestion. Cooking Foods are  fat, cholesterol & K!s. can destroy enzymes, & minerals. Research Some research shows the diet can improve some health if followed in moderation & not extreme.

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PALEOLITHIC DIET THE HCG DIET Credentials Conceived in 1950, by Dr. Simeons in Rome Italy. Credentials 1974 "Stone Age Diet# by Walter Voegtlin Ph.D. Currently Loren Cordain Ph.D & others. 2007, reborn by Kevin Trudeau & Linda Prinster Claims Human genetics are un-changed since current Claims HCG hormone is supposed to suppress . agriculture. Ideal for human health & well-being. When a diet involves & triggers your body!s use of (chorionic gonadotropin) a hormone found in the Calories No count, & could be  calcium. Not suitable for vegans or vegetarians. urine of pregnant women, you better be careful! 50-65% lean meat hunted or grass fed & 35- Calories  K!s, A 500-600K diet is a starvation diet. Sustainability 45% from plant food. Caution: Store foods could Breakfast: coffee, tea, sweetener & 1 Tbsp of milk. have growth hormone, antibiotics, pesticides, Sustainability Lunch/Dinner: 100g protein & a red/green veggie. heavy metals & fatty acids from grain fattening. Snack: breadstick/melba toast, ½ apple/grapefruit. Weight loss Varies on K!s intake. HARD to obtain CHO, protein, fat & fiber w/500K. Research 2011 US News & World Report ranked it lowest Weight loss YES, along with & mineral deficiencies. of 20 diets evaluated based on factors including Research NO FDA/Health Canada approved HCG products. health, weight-loss and ease to follow. Some fines against companies marketing them.

THE EAT CLEAN DIET THE HORMONE DIET Credentials Author & columnist Tosca Reno was once 200 Credentials Natasha Turner ND & author. Founder of the pounds &  energy after giving birth to 3 children. Clear Medicine Wellness Boutique in Toronto. Claims 10% training, 10% genes, & 80% food = weight . NO chemical, processed, artificial or saturated. Claims 6weeks/3steps. Phase 1 = Detox & elimination. RENEW Phase 2 = avoid the "hormone-hindering foods#. Calories 1,200-1,800K, 5-6 small throughout the day REPLENISH . RESTORE Phase 3 = yoga, cardio/wgts & emotional balance YES, Eating clean requires tremendous discipline! Calories  K!s, not monitored & cleansing = weight loss. Sustainability preparation required at home & travel. Eat breakfast everyday & never skip meals. Avoid dairy, gluten-containing grains, oils, sugar, Each meal contain 21g protein & complex CHO. Sustainability alcohol, caffeine, peanuts, artificial, sweeteners, raisins, dates, citrus, farmed salmon & red meat. Cheat meals once a week, dark chocolate & wine. Supps: D, antioxidant, cal/mag, whey & omega!s. Weight loss 1 to 2 lbs weekly combining diet & exercise. Weight loss ~12lbs or more, rate varies depending on intake. Research Eating small portions, plant foods, & exercise is  Research Holistic plan designed to restore hormonal the cornerstone of all credible diet plans. imbalances,  weight, look & feel better.

WEIGHT WATCHERS SLIM AWAY EVERY DAY

Credentials Jean Nidtech began Weight Watchers at home in Credentials Richard Simmons is a national star of television, Queens, New York in 1963 by inviting neighbors videos & commercials who was once obese. to discuss weight loss strategies & recipes. Claims Actually quite mainstream! Combine good Claims Foods have a point system with exercise & nutrition with exercise & behavioral change. support groups. Each point is 48½ calories. Calories Recommends at least 1,200 per day. Calories At least 1,200 per day. Supplements are sold. Sustainability Combines a balanced diet with exercise, food Sustainability Well balanced & varied. journals, support groups & meetings. W.W. is the 7 servings of fruits & veggies a day. standard which all others are measured. Emphasis on physical activity. Dance! Weight loss Expect about 1-2 pounds per week. Weight loss 1 to 2 pounds per week with diet & exercise. Research Research shows that more than ½ are able to keep the weight off even after 2 years. Research Based on current widely accepted research.

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THE HOODIA MIRACLE DIET EAT RIGHT FOR YOUR BLOOD TYPE

Credentials Sold by many websites claiming hoodia catus Credentials Peter J. D!Adamo is a naturopathic with gordonii contains an appetite suppressant. who publishes his own journal.

Claims Contains a compound called %P57!a molecule Claims Blood type determines predisposition toward that makes you "feel full#. Used in clinical trials. certain diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, lupus, & diabetes. ALTERS HYPOTHALMUS FUNCTION Calories 1,100-1,600 depending on blood type. Calories No real mention of calorie limit or forbidden food.

Sustainability Websites offer a free trial, but no dedicated Sustainability Some blood types have more restrictions than customer service department. others making it difficult to maintain long term. Weight loss Rate varies depending on intake. Weight loss Anecdotal claims of 10 pounds a week.

Research Some clinical trials with placebos. Websites offer Research Based mostly on theories & physician case incomplete product information. ~ $25 a bottle. studies rather than scientific research.

THE OKINAWA PROGRAM THE

Credentials Bradley & Craig Wilcox are professors at the Credentials Developed by French physician Pierre Dukan. University of Hawaii & Okinawa University. Book sold more than 10 million copies globally. Claims A low fat, low calorie, high fiber diet combined Claims 10 lbs the 1st week, then 2-4 lbs wkly. EAT as with exercise, a strong family connection & much as you want (approved foods of course) spirituality will result in weight loss. Calories 1,200 to 1,700. Attack & cruise phases. Calories No caloric recommendations. This is a pure & Both ~ 50% Protein, 30% CHO & 20% fat. holistic approach to lifestyle change. Willpower needed. How much do you like rules? Sustainability The program is high in complex carbohydrates Sustainability Very restrictive guidelines & phases. If you want & Omega 3!s. Restricts high glycemic foods. to be told exactly what to do& jump on board! The Eastern approach to lifestyle may not be Weight loss Depends? Heavy on do!s & don!ts. palatable to Americans. Slight slip-ups are considered destructive! Weight loss Should occur if program is strictly followed. Research No clinical trials have evaluated the Dukan Diet. Research Based on the centuries of the Okinawa study. 2010 anecdotal survey, ~ 15.7 lbs per 2 phases.

THE THE

Credentials Self proclaimed author & weight loss expert Dr. Credentials Dario Giugliano, Ph.D, professor of Metabolic Sanford Siegal of Boca Raton, Florida. Diseases at the University of Naples, Italy. Claims Hunger-controlling cookies (2-4 daily) shakes & Claims Lose weight, keep it off & avoid chronic diseases. soup helped a half million people lose weight  heart & brain health, prevent cancer & diabetes. safely, quickly & affordably. Calories 1,500 for females & 1,800 for males. Calories No mention. Suggests a balanced diet & exercise. Both ~ 50% CHO, 10-35% protein & 20-35% fat. High fiber low fat cookies as meal replacements. Depends? Sweets & red meat are limited! Can Sustainability you follow the Harvard School of Public Health Sustainability Website claims fiber & "secret ingredients#. consumer-friendly Mediterranean diet pyramid? Impossible to support claims of weight loss. Weight loss Average weight loss was 10 pounds in 8 weeks. Weight loss Anecdotal claims of 10 pounds a week. 2008 analysis of 21 studies in Obesity Reviews.

Research No facts or ingredients to substantiate any claims. Research Research has linked the diet to weight loss, and Box of 14 cookies (2 ounces each) ~ $25.  the chances of cancer & Parkinson!s.

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THE DASH DIET Credentials The National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.(DASH) Claims  high blood pressure, diabetes & kidney disease. This eating pattern is key to deflating high BP. Calories 1,600 to 3,100.  in fruits, veggies, (fructose) grains, fiber, potassium, calcium & magnesium. The program is on line. No pre-packaged foods. Sustainability Cooking & learning required to become habitual. No food group restrictions, need to  sugar & fats. Weight loss 1,044 adults averaged 19 pounds in 16 weeks. Published in archives of Internal Medicine, 2010. Research  sodium (1,500mg),  potassium & calcium reduce BP & metabolic syndrome risk factors.

THE BERNSTEIN DIET THERAPEUTIC LIFESTYLE CHANGE (TLC) Credentials Canadian physician Stanley Bernstein opened Credentials NIH National Cholesterol Education Program. clinic based weight loss centers in N. America. Endorsed by the American Heart Association. Claims Only fat tissue is lost during rapid weight loss & Claims Cut cholesterol.  LDL by 8 to 10%. muscle tissue, electrolytes & fluids are retained.  the risk of cardiovascular disease. Claims of 16 to 20 lbs monthly. Calories  sodium. 1,200 for females & 1,600 for males. Calories 800 -1,350 daily.  potassium. Vit B & mineral ~ 15% Protein, 45-65% CHO & 20-35% fat. supplementation by injections. Heavy on do!s & don!ts. (6 big words) Sustainability Will you miss butter, fast food & creamy sauce? Sustainability  CHO  fiber & no focus on exercise. Crucial Reading nutrition labels required. (knowledge) for long-term weight loss! Weight loss Average of 20 pounds in 24 weeks. Weight loss Aims to lose 5 lbs weekly & 3 clinic visits weekly. Published in archives of Internal Medicine, 2011. $500-$1000 monthly fee for clinic visits. Research Average  of 11% LDL. Research Supposed to help burn fat? No long-term studies have validated that. Published in the Journal of Lipid Research, 2010.

EAT RIGHT LIVE LONGER EAT, CHEAT & MELT FAT AWAY

Credentials Dr. Neil Barnard is the President of Credentials Suzanne Somers, is a 1970!s television star, Committee for Responsible Medicine. and the spokesperson for "The Thigh Master.#

Claims A low fat, vegetarian diet is the best for weight Claims results in weight loss, loss & decreasing the risk for disease. increased metabolism, cures asthma & I.B.S.

Calories Not specific, but the approach is vegan. Calories Low calorie, fiber & calcium. High in saturated Importance of Vitamin B & D is downplayed. fat & high cholesterol. Supplements required. Sustainability Great for vegetarians$ tough for anyone else! Meal preparation requires time & commitment. Sustainability Strict guidelines & timetables for combining foods make it extremely tough to stick with. Weight loss Should occur if recommendations are followed. Weight loss Low caloric intake should result in weight loss. Research Studies indicate this type of diet can reduce the risks of diabetes, hypertension & cancer. Research Based on food combining theory.

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FRENCH WOMEN DON’T GET FAT THE CABBAGE SOUP DIET

Credentials Mireille Guiliano has no background in health Credentials Brain child of no one! No one takes credit for it. and/or fitness$ and admits it! Claims Food in moderation is the key to reaching an Claims Seven day, low fat, low calorie & high fiber diet equilibrium weight. will help you lose weight fast. Calories No recommendations after a 2-day "cleansing.# Calories Low calorie & low protein adding fruits & veggies.

Sustainability Shopping for fresh whole foods only & leisurely cooking, not very "American.# Sustainability As much cabbage soup as you want. Two days you can eat beef or chicken. Close to a starvation Weight loss Anecdotal stories report losing 20- 30 pounds diet, so be warned. (!) in 3 months. Weight loss Anecdotal claims of 10 pounds a week. Research No research at all. French women are actually getting fatter as they adopt "American# habits. Research Might have value as a quick fix & water lose if followed. Water weight that will swiftly return.

EAT, DRINK & BE HEALTHY CHOOSE TO LOSE

Credentials Dr. Walter Willett is a Harvard researcher. Credentials Nancy & Ronald Goor have been writing & revising this series for 20 years. Claims Food Guide Pyramid is wrong & dangerous! EAT THE MOST ON THE BOTTOM, & LEAST ON TOP. Claims This is an eating plan for life. The focus is fat; Calories No deprivation or calorie counting. Find it$ count it$ limit it!

Sustainability Goal is eating more plant food. VERY anti-dairy. Calories At least 1,500 per day. (Mucoid Plaque) Coffee is ok, sugar is not. Cream? Shoot me now$ don!t go there! No-nonsense approach. Sustainability 500 page book about an eating plan for life. Weight loss Probably$  K intake. Advocates exercise & splurging.

Weight loss 1-2 pounds per week. Research The diet falls very short on calcium, B & D. No dairy, no gimmicks & no hype. Research The plan follows the Food Guide Pyramid.

VOLUMETRICS CARBOHYDRATE ADDICT’S DIET

Credentials Barbara Rolls, PhD is a nutrition researcher at Credentials Richard & Rachael Heller have no medical, Penn State University. dietary or nutritional backgrounds. Claims  fiber, low density food & lots of H2O fill you up. Claims The production of insulin is biological &  phyto-chemical intake promotes weight . Triggers the drive to consume carbohydrates. Insulin is secreted in response to eating CHO Calories Not monitored. Daily requirements: Exercise, 30g of fiber & a gallon of H2O. Calories  K!s,  fiber, &  in saturated fats.

Sustainability "Energy density charts# requires dividing K!s Sustainability Very tough to stick with for a lifetime. This type servings by the weight. Bring your calculator! of diet tends to result in weakness & irritability. Weight loss Unpredictable; based on portion sizes. Weight loss Yes. Due to low calories & minimal carbs. Research Published studies on appetite & appetite control. Research No basis to the "insulin makes you fat# theory.

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