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Several Members of the International Olympic Committee Doubted That Melbourne Was a Suitable Site for the 1956 Olympic Games. Am

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Several Members of the International Olympic Committee Doubted That Melbourne Was a Suitable Site for the 1956 Olympic Games. Am JACK BECKNER JOHN CARDEN MURRAY COCKBURN DICK CONNOR JACK DAVIS JOSEPH DEUTSCH DEVANEY CHARLES DUMAS CONN FINDLAY FORTUNE GORDIEN JON HENRICKS ROBERT HUGHES DES KOCH JAMES LEA MIKLOS “NICK” MARTIN GABOR NAGY PARRY O’BRIEN PAULA JEAN MEYERS-POPE JANICE-LEE YORK ROMARY MURRAY ROSE WILLIAM ROSS RONALD SEVERA MARLEY LYNN SHRIVER CHARLES SIMMS LAIRD SLOAN ATTILA TAKACS GARY TOBIAN MAX TRUEX WALLACE WOLF TSUYOSHI YAMANAKA JACK BECKNER JOHN CARDEN MURRAY COCKBURN DICK CONNOR JACK DAVIS JOSEPH DEUTSCH DEVANEY CHARLES DUMAS CONN FINDLAY USC AT THE 1956 OLYMPICS • 9 GOLD 5 SILVER 3 BRONZE FORTUNE GORDIEN JON HENRICKS ROBERT HUGHES DES KOCH JAMES LEA MIKLOS “NICK” MARTIN GABOR NAGY PARRY O’BRIEN PAULA JEAN MEYERS-POPE JANICE-LEE YORK ROMARY MURRAY ROSE WILLIAM ROSS MELBOURNE Several members of the International Olympic Committee doubted that Melbourne was a suitable site for the 1956 Olympic Games. Among other issues, the reversal of seasons in the Southern Hemisphere meant the Games would take place during the northern winter, potentially adversely affecting athletes from the Northern Hemisphere, whose training schedules called for rest over the winter months. Nevertheless, Melbourne was selected over Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal and six American cities: Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Philadelphia and San Francisco. Other difficulties surfaced almost immediately. First, Australia’s equine quarantine laws prohibited the timely entry of horses from abroad. As a result, Stockholm was selected as the alternative site for equestrian competitions, which were held in June — more than five months before the official start of the Games and half a world away. Then conflict arose among Australian organizers related to financing and venues, raising doubts about Melbourne’s ability to host. International tension around the Suez Canal crisis and the Hungarian Revolution and subsequent Soviet invasion prompted several countries to boycott. Finally, just before the Games began, the People’s Republic of China withdrew due to the inclusion of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Even in the face of these challenges, 67 countries sent teams to Melbourne (counting Stockholm, After an ear infection kept the total rose to 72), with Ethiopia, Fiji, Kenya, Liberia, the Federation of Malaya, North him off Australia’s 1952 Borneo and Uganda making their Olympic debuts. Twenty-nine athletes with ties to USC Olympic team, Jon Henricks ’61 (right) won gold in the competed as well, taking home 17 medals, including nine golds. In the end, the Melbourne 100-meter freestyle and Olympics became known as the “Friendly Games.” According to the official report: “On the the 4x200-meter freestyle relay at the first day [the athletes] had all marched as competitors in their national teams, preserving 1956 Melbourne Games. their national identity, headed by their national flags. On the last day they went around the arena as men and women who had learned to be friends, who had broken down some of the barriers of language, of strangeness, of private prejudices.” 74 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA JACK BECKNER JOHN CARDEN MURRAY COCKBURN DICK CONNOR JACK DAVIS JOSEPH DEUTSCH DEVANEY CHARLES DUMAS CONN FINDLAY FORTUNE GORDIEN JON HENRICKS ROBERT HUGHES DES KOCH JAMES LEA MIKLOS “NICK” MARTIN GABOR NAGY PARRY O’BRIEN PAULA JEAN MEYERS-POPE JANICE-LEE YORK ROMARY MURRAY ROSE WILLIAM ROSS RONALD SEVERA MARLEY LYNN SHRIVER CHARLES SIMMS LAIRD SLOAN ATTILA TAKACS GARY TOBIAN MAX TRUEX WALLACE WOLF TSUYOSHI YAMANAKA JACK BECKNER JOHN CARDEN MURRAY COCKBURN DICK CONNOR JACK DAVIS JOSEPH DEUTSCH DEVANEY CHARLES DUMAS CONN FINDLAY USC AT THE 1956 OLYMPICS • 9 GOLD 5 SILVER 3 BRONZE FORTUNE GORDIEN JON HENRICKS ROBERT HUGHES DES KOCH JAMES LEA MIKLOS “NICK” MARTIN GABOR NAGY PARRY O’BRIEN PAULA JEAN MEYERS-POPE JANICE-LEE YORK ROMARY MURRAY ROSE WILLIAM ROSS MELBOURNE 1956 MIKLOS “NICK” MARTIN The Hungarian Communist party omitted his The Hungary-Soviet Union match began name from the record books because he defected with Hungarian players taunting the Russians in to the United States shortly after the 1956 their own language. Soon kicks and punches flew. Summer Games in Melbourne, but history shows Prodigy Ervin Zádor scored two goals to stake that Miklos Martin ’59 appeared in one of the Hungary to a lead, much to the delight of the most contentious contests in Olympic history: packed arena. With Hungary ahead 4-0, tensions the “Blood in the Water” water polo match. boiled over. Zádor was marking Russia’s Valentin Prokopov when Prokopov punched him in the After winning three gold medals in water polo face, splitting Zádor’s cheek and forcing him out in the previous four Olympic Games, Hungary of the pool. Angry spectators stormed the pool was widely regarded as the world’s great water deck, threatening and even spitting at the Soviet polo powerhouse. The Soviets, in comparison, team. The referee stopped the match, and police finished seventh at those Helsinki Games. As the entered the area to quell the potential riot. 1956 Olympics neared, the Soviet Union sent its water polo team to Hungary (which it politically Hungary was declared the winner, moving on to controlled) so that its players could copy the defeat Yugoslavia in the final. That victory earned Hungarian training methods. the team its fourth Olympic gold medal in water polo. Pictures of Zádor with blood streaming At the same time, hostilities between the two down his face circulated around the world, countries were growing. Hungarians began to leading to the “Blood in the Water” moniker. rise up against Soviet governance, and from late October through early November, protestors As the sole English speaker on the Hungarian clashed with police and Soviet troops, leaving team, Martin was quoted frequently by thousands dead across Hungary. the international press. Afraid of possible repercussions if he returned to Hungary, he opted The Hungarian water polo team had been to defect, as did several other Hungarian athletes. training just outside Budapest. With the Melbourne Olympics imminent, the athletes Although he had already earned a master’s degree were whisked to Australia. Martin, who in art history from the University of Budapest, understood English, read an account in an Martin went to USC, where he majored in Australian newspaper and relayed the horrible French and received USC’s first water polo news to his anxious teammates. scholarship. After graduating from USC in 1959, he went on to earn a Ph.D. in romance languages By the time the Games began, the uprising from Princeton and eventually became a French was over, and the Hungarians wanted to exact professor and men’s water polo head coach at revenge. In Melbourne, they found support from Pasadena (Calif.) City College. many Australian and American sympathizers. 76 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MURRAY ROSE Shortly after World War II began, the Rose family moved with their infant son, Murray, from England to Australia. It was there that Murray Rose ’62 would develop into one of the greatest swimming stars in the world. Rose’s mother took him swimming with her every day from the time he was 18 months old. By age 3, Rose could paddle 50 yards across a pool unassisted. Within two years Rose was attracting the attention of swim coaches. His parents raised him on a vegan diet that excluded anything containing bleached flour or refined sugar. At the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne, Rose’s parents rented an apartment near the Olympic Village so that his mother could continue to prepare all of his meals. His “odd” diet certainly raised eyebrows. But the Olympic success of the 17-year-old “Seaweed Streak,” as Rose came to be called, left many In between his two individual events, Rose people wondering whether their own eating teamed with Kevin O’Halloran, John Devitt and habits might need fine-tuning. Trojan Jon Henricks to win gold in the 4x200- meter freestyle relay in world-record time. The Rose won his first Olympic gold medal in victories made Rose the youngest man to win the 400-meter freestyle, beating future USC three Olympic gold medals — and a star in his teammate Tsuyoshi Yamanaka of Japan by 3 home country. seconds. In the 1500-meter freestyle, Rose and Yamanaka were tied for most of the race before After the Melbourne Games, Rose moved to Rose surged to a 6-meter lead with 100 meters to the United States and attended USC, where he go. An all-out sprint pulled Yamanaka to within competed for the Trojan swim team. He won a yard, but Australian spectators urged Rose on. three NCAA freestyle titles for USC in 1961 With the encouragement, Rose swam to another and two more in 1962, the year he captained the gold medal. team. He also won eight Pacific Coast titles for the university. 78 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Before graduating in 1962, Rose had another including one in which he played a drowning opportunity to compete at the Olympics. At victim. He later admitted that he lacked the 1960 Games in Rome, he repeated as the dedication to acting, and he eventually became 400-meter freestyle champion and won silver a businessman, sports marketer and television in the 1500-meter freestyle and bronze in the announcer. He was also active with philanthropic 4x200-meter freestyle relay. In addition to his six organizations, including a charity that provided Olympic medals, Rose captured four gold medals swimming lessons to children with disabilities at the 1962 Commonwealth Games in Perth, and special needs. Australia, and set 15 world records, including one in the 800-meter freestyle that stood from USC inducted Rose into its Athletic Hall 1962 to 1966. He was also the first to break the of Fame in 2003.
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