presents

Written and Directed by Barak Goodman

WORLD PREMIERE DOCUMENTARY PREMIERES SUNDANCE FILM FESTIVAL 2017

Public Screenings Saturday, January 21st, 11:30am // The MARC, Park City Sunday, January 22nd, 5:30pm // Prospector, Park City Tuesday, January 24th, 9:00pm // Tower Theatre, SLC Saturday, January 28th, 9:15pm // Holiday 2, Park City

Press & Industry Screening Sunday, January 22nd, 9:00am // Holiday Village 2, Park City

Running Time: 102 minutes

Theatrical Release Date: February 3, 2017 in New York at IFC Center and in Los Angeles at Laemmle Royal

Broadcast Date: February 7, 2017 on American Experience / PBS

Press Contact Sales Contact Charlie Olsky, Cinetic Marketing Emily Rothschild 917.545.7260 215.407.9724 [email protected] [email protected]

SHORT SYNOPSIS On April 19, 1995, Timothy McVeigh, a former soldier deeply influenced by the literature and ideas of the radical right, parked a Ryder truck with a five-ton fertilizer bomb in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building in Oklahoma City. Moments later, 168 people were killed and 675 were injured in the blast. OKLAHOMA CITY traces the events — including the deadly encounters between American citizens and law enforcement at and — that led McVeigh to commit the worst act of domestic terrorism in American history. With a virulent strain of anti-government anger still with us, the film is both a cautionary tale and an extremely timely warning.

LONG SYNOPSIS OKLAHOMA CITY explores the intertwined narratives of the worst domestic terrorist attack in the U.S. and the anti-government movement that inspired the actions of Timothy McVeigh, including two standoffs with law enforcement with tragic outcomes — Ruby Ridge and the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, .

On April 19, 1995, McVeigh, a former soldier deeply influenced by the literature and ideas of the radical right, set off a truck bomb that destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killing 168 people and injuring 675 others.

Drawing upon a rich news archive of the events, including more than 60 hours of audio from jailhouse interviews with McVeigh, OKLAHOMA CITY traces the events that led McVeigh to the Murrah building that day, and recounts the stories of the survivors, rescuers, and investigators set in motion by that terrible event.

The film begins in the 1980s, when a small number of far-right extremist groups, united by certain political, religious, and racial views began to organize themselves. These groups -- notably and its paramilitary spinoff The Order -- perpetrated a series of violent crimes including bank robberies, bombings, and murders, alerting the FBI to a rising threat from the extremist right and contributing to a psychology of conspiracy and confrontation on both sides.

In the mid-1980s, Randy Weaver and his family left Iowa for a mountaintop cabin in Idaho, motivated by their religious belief in a coming apocalypse. There, they began attending annual summer congresses of the white-supremacist group Aryan Nations, which, unbeknownst to the Weavers, was under FBI surveillance. Identifying Weaver as a potential informant, federal law enforcement officers entrapped Weaver in an undercover sting operation. Unwilling to cooperate, and misinformed that losing at trial would result in the forfeiture of his home, Weaver and his family retreated to their remote cabin fortified with guns and ammunition. What followed was one of the strangest standoffs in American history, leading eventually to the slaying of U.S. Marshal William Degan, as well as Weaver’s 14-year-old son Sam and his wife Vicki.

Just six-months later, another standoff — between the FBI and the , an apocalyptic Christian cult — transfixed the nation for 51 days. Following a violent raid by agents

1 of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, which resulted in deaths on both sides, the heavily armed Davidians, under their charismatic leader David Koresh, hunkered down in their compound outside Waco, Texas. After weeks of fruitless negotiations, FBI tanks finally inserted tear gas into the compound, triggering the self-immolation of scores of Davidians, including approximately 18 children.

Taken together, Ruby Ridge and Waco provided proof for millions of Americans that the federal government was out-of-control and bent on disarming and subjugating the American people. Timothy McVeigh, who had visited Waco during the siege, was one of the most ardent believers of this conspiratorial worldview.

Born in Pendleton, New York, McVeigh learned about guns and shooting from his grandfather. A skinny teenager, “Noodle McVeigh” was teased in high school, inspiring a lifelong hatred of bullies. Following graduation, he enlisted in the Army, and while serving in Iraq during the First Gulf War became disillusioned with both the military and the U.S. government. As a sharpshooter he shot and killed Iraqi soldiers but felt he’d been given inadequate reason for doing so. The Iraqis “were human beings at the core and no different than me,” he said. “Then I had to reconcile that with the fact that, well, I killed them.”

Summoned from Iraq by the Army to attend Ranger School, McVeigh was dismissed because he wasn’t in top physical condition. Returning to Pendleton, he had difficulty finding a job, becoming further isolated and disillusioned. He was deeply influenced by reading The Turner Diaries, a 1978 novel by neo-Nazi leader William Pierce, which depicted a violent revolution to overthrow the federal government, including scenes of a truck bomb blowing up FBI headquarters, killing hundreds of people.

McVeigh embarked on an odyssey across the country, attending gun shows, meeting white supremacists and immersing himself in far-right literature. He showed up during the Waco standoff, and was enraged by what he viewed as a government massacre. A few months later, the passage of the Brady Bill, which mandated federal background checks and a waiting period for gun purchases, accelerated the growth of the anti-government militia movement. Galvanized, McVeigh began to put in motion his plan to “punish” the federal government by bombing the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.

Woven together with this narrative of McVeigh’s radicalization is the story of the immediate and long-term aftermath of the bombing itself. In the minutes and hours after the explosion, first responders poured into the ruins, pulling the wounded and dead from the rubble. Each encounter was its own harrowing story, from an on-scene amputation to the extraction of children, dead and alive, from the rubble of the daycare center. Within hours of the bombing, the largest manhunt in American history commenced, and after only three days McVeigh had been captured.

OKLAHOMA CITY ends with the trial, conviction and execution of Timothy McVeigh. Hoping to trigger a second American Revolution against an oppressive government, McVeigh instead humanized the ordinary men and women, fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, who make up the federal government.

2 “At its heart,” says director Barak Goodman, ‘Oklahoma City’ is about the dangers of conspiracy thinking – of each side demonizing and exaggerating the threat posed by the other. In this way, it is an extremely timely and relevant cautionary tale for our own times.”

An Interview with Filmmaker Barak Goodman

Q: What is OKLAHOMA CITY about?

Goodman: On one level, this is the story of how a disaffected ex-soldier named Timothy McVeigh planned and carried out the most deadly act of domestic terrorism in American history: the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building in Oklahoma City in 1995. But on a deeper level, it’s about how a series of confrontations between federal law enforcement and American citizens helped coalesce a welter of grudges, hatreds, and grievances into a far-right anti-government “movement.”

Specifically, the film looks at two events — the Ruby Ridge standoff in northern Idaho in 1992 and the tragedy in 1993 in Waco, Texas — and how each became a symbol not only for McVeigh but for a much wider group of people.

Q: The film investigates the connections between what happened in Oklahoma City with what happened in Ruby Ridge to Waco. How would you characterize those connections?

If you want to understand what happened in Oklahoma City in 1995, you have to start years earlier. One place to start is with the sort of gathering storm that began with the incident in Ruby Ridge in 1992, when a family called the Weavers barricaded themselves in a rustic cabin in the Idaho mountains rather than submit to federal law enforcement. Deaths ensued on both sides. The incident seemed to bring together really disparate parts of the extremist right — white supremacists, pro-gun folks, skinheads — lots of different, independent groups that now came together and identified the government as their primary enemy. Timothy McVeigh was a young man at the time just beginning to radicalize and for him Ruby Ridge was a seminal event. But it wasn’t until Waco, six months later, that McVeigh went from talker to doer, and the movement from a hidden outlier to a real and present danger. Waco — the standoff between the so-called Branch Davidian religious group and the FBI that ultimately led to the self- immolation of almost 100 people — was the casus belli for McVeigh and the whole radical right.

Q: Were there other threads that ran through all of these events?

Yes. Although we think of these events as being independent —and they were to some degree — they were also many connections. Some of the federal agents responsible for the debacle at Ruby Ridge were the very same federal agents that showed up at Waco six months later, once again urging a militaristic response. The of the FBI led the charge at Ruby Ridge and Waco, and really overreacted similarly in both cases. So it was easy for those on the extremist right to see this as a government conspiracy. For those already inclined to hate the government, that really was the lesson from both Ruby Ridge and Waco: that there is a government conspiracy to steal the rights of the American people.

3 Another thread running through this story is The Turner Diaries, which becomes both an inspirational bible for the movement and a blueprint for McVeigh. The novel is about a rag-tag group of racist revolutionaries who overthrow the federal government, which is enslaved by Jews and blacks. It’s a white supremacist screed. It’s a terrible novel, but it became hugely influential in this movement, almost as a call to arms. One of the first far-right paramilitary groups, which robbed banks and killed people, was called The Order, a name taken directly from the novel. For McVeigh, reading the book was among the most important moments in his radicalization, and it became a kind of roadmap for the bombing. It gave him the idea. It gave him the target — a federal building. It gave him the recipe for the bomb. It gave him a sort of modus operandi for how to do it.

Q: What most surprised you when exploring this extremist movement that gave rise to McVeigh?

Goodman: The biggest revelation to me was the depth and breadth of this extremist, conspiracy-driven, anti-government movement. I think many of us who live on the coasts or in urban areas don’t understand the incredible disaffection felt by many rural whites, not just now but going back a couple of generations. We see the manifestations of that anger, now with Trump, but previously with the fight over gun rights, and we tend to dismiss it as somehow ancillary to our lives, but it isn’t. McVeigh demonstrated how that anger can reach out and lash all of us, how it can be directed into shattering acts of violence. We ignore this movement at our peril. Even federal law enforcement has been asleep at the wheel at various times, and it has taken incidents like Oklahoma City to wake them up. If our film does anything, I hope it’s to remind people of the need for vigilance, not just against Islamic terrorism, but homegrown terrorism as well.

Q: It’s such a surprising moment in the film when you see McVeigh at Waco, two years before he executed the bombing in Oklahoma City.

Goodman: Yes, it’s a chilling moment. The story behind that is that McVeigh was in the midst of traveling around the country, making his living selling army surplus at gun shows and mixing with others who shared his beliefs. When Waco happens, he feels the need to head down there to bear witness to it, to what he regarded as the beginning of a government assault on the rights of gun owners everywhere. A student reporter from a local newspaper happens to be there to snap his picture and a local CNN crew happened to take some video of him. Of course, no one knew who he was at the time — just a kid selling bumper stickers. The idea of a bomb had already begun gestating, but it wasn’t until the end of Waco, when the fire killed all those people, that the switch was flipped in his mind. From then on, it was only a matter of when and where, not if, he would detonate a bomb.

Q: Can you discuss the structure of the film and how it weaves what led to the bombing with a detailed account of that actual day?

Goodman: I really like weaving narratives in documentary films, pivoting between two or more stories that resonate deeply with each other. In the case of our film, the narratives are on two very different timelines. The first — the story of the “gathering storm” of the white supremacist/anti-government movement — happens over a period of years, beginning with Aryan Nations and The Order and ending with the bombing. The second — the story of the

4 bombing itself — really happens over a period of hours and days, as we keep returning to that building and the people inside it, and as we follow the investigation that ends up netting McVeigh. The drama in that building was extraordinary — the survivors fighting for their lives, the first responders going into danger to try to rescue whoever was left alive, the investigators digging in the rubble for clues. It was important to me to keep returning to those scalding scenes to keep front and center the actual consequences of McVeigh’s actions — the lost lives, the broken lives, the damage he caused that day.

Q: Others on the extreme right had similar beliefs to those of McVeigh, but he’s the one who took action. Why do you think that is?

Goodman: That’s one of the eternal mysteries — why does one certain person step out of the crowd and make the fatal judgment to act? Lots of people were talking about revolution, about burning the government down, and there were even people who might have made feeble efforts in that direction. McVeigh’s the only one that we know of who really put together a sophisticated plan and set about in a determined way to make it happen.

We very much wanted to understand his motivations. It’s fascinating to delve into the psychology of someone who commits an act like this, but we wanted to make sure that people understood that he wasn’t some lone actor dropping out of the sky. McVeigh was part of a movement in the same way that contemporary ISIS-inspired terrorists are part of a movement. They may not have grown up in it; they may not have formally “joined” it, but they are inspired by an ideology, a set of ideas, even a “theology” that is shared by many, many others. And so the notion that McVeigh was simply “crazy,” an irrational person who on his own decided to become a homicidal maniac is actually a dangerous mistake because it “absolves the movement from which he sprung,” in the words of one of our interviewees.

Q: How do you see this movement playing out now, 21 years after the bombing?

Goodman: This anger at the federal government, much of it based in , is a recurring theme in American history. It comes in waves and we’re seeing a new wave of it right now. After Oklahoma City, it kind of went underground for a while. The militias that were all over television pulled back and went quiet. Many of them, though, have re-emerged, trading in their camo for suits and ties. In a way, that makes them more dangerous. The mainstreaming of these people and their beliefs — the so-called “alt-right,” as if they were just some “alternative” lifestyle — is very disturbing. We have to remember that violence and racism is endemic to their belief system. They pose a real threat to the whole idea of a liberal, tolerant society and to the legitimacy and authority of the federal government. We have been so focused on the external threat posed by radical Islam that we run the risk of ignoring this much older, much more prevalent threat of domestic terror from the right.

5 TIMELINE OF EVENTS

April 23, 1968 – Timothy James McVeigh is born Lockport, NY.

1978 – The Turner Diaries, written by William Luther Pierce, founder of the white nationalist organization, National Alliance, is published. The Turner Diaries depicts a violent revolution in the U.S., which leads to the overthrow of the federal government, and ultimately a race war in which Jews, homosexuals, and non-whites are exterminated. This book heavily influences the white nationalist community, including a white supremacist militia called The Order. It will later influence Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.

1984 – Members of The Order commit a spree of crimes including robbing banks, bombing synagogues, and murdering Denver radio personality Alan Berg on June 18, 1984.

1988 – McVeigh joins the army. His roommate is Michael Fortier.

December 1991 - McVeigh leaves the Army.

August 21, 1992 – U.S. Marshals hike up to the mountaintop cabin of Randy Weaver and his family in Northern Idaho, near the Canadian border. Charged with selling two illegal sawed-off shotguns to an undercover agent more than a year earlier, Weaver had failed to appear in court, holing up in a cabin with his wife and children and a cache of firearms. When agents cross paths with members of the family a firefight breaks out, leaving 14-year-old Sam Weaver and a U.S. Marshal dead. The following day, FBI snipers shoot and wound Randy Weaver. Seconds later they shoot and kill Randy’s wife Vicki and wounded family friend Kevin Harris. The standoff leaves many convinced that the federal government is out of control and the siege becomes a lightning rod for the modern American militia movement. The events at Ruby Ridge receive national attention.

February 28, 1993 – In Elk, TX, nine miles northeast of Waco, TX, a compound belonging to a group known as the Branch Davidians (led by David Koresh) is sieged by the American federal and Texas state law enforcement and the US Military. The group is suspected of weapons violations, causing a search and arrest warrant to be obtained by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). A 51-day standoff ensues.

March 1993 – McVeigh goes to Waco, TX to observe the standoff between federal agents and the Branch Davidians first hand.

April 19, 1993 – After a 51-day standoff between members of a religious group known as the Branch Davidians and government agents, the FBI launches an assault on their compound near Waco, Texas, which results in the death of 76 people, including several children. During the standoff, 24-year-old army veteran Timothy McVeigh visited Waco and sold bumper stickers with pro-gun, anti-government slogans. The final conflagration at Waco fills McVeigh with rage; he will eventually choose April 19 as the date to bomb the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.

6 November 1993 - November 1993 - The Brady Handgun Violence and Prevention Act is enacted. The Brady Bill, as it is commonly referred to, provides for a waiting period before the purchase of a handgun, and for the establishment of a national instant background check system to be contacted by firearms dealers before the transfer of any firearm. The passage of the bill further motivates the pro-gun radical right.

September 13, 1994 - The Public Safety and Recreational Firearms Use Protection Act, known commonly as the Federal Assault Weapons Ban, becomes law. McVeigh begins plotting to blow up the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.

October 1994 - Timothy McVeigh and his accomplice Terry Nichols begin putting their plan in motion. They burglarize a quarry near Marion, Kansas, to steal dynamite and blasting caps and begin buying ammonium nitrate. They drive by the Murrah Building and time the distance to the place McVeigh will be when the bomb will go off.

December 1994 - Fortier and McVeigh visit Oklahoma City to inspect the Murrah Building.

April 15, 1995 - McVeigh buys a getaway car and reserves the Ryder truck that will be filled with explosives. He checks into the Dreamland Motel in Junction City, KS.

April 18, 1995 - McVeigh leaves the Dreamland Motel in the Ryder truck and meets Nichols at a nearby storage unit. With the equipment loaded, they drive to Geary Lake Park in Kansas where they mix the explosives. McVeigh drives to Oklahoma and spends the night in the truck in Ponca City, OK.

April 19, 1995 – . 168 confirmed deaths, including several children at an on-site daycare center. 148 of the dead are Gulf War veterans. 69 of the dead are not government officials.

McVeigh is pulled over on the border of Oklahoma and Kansas for driving without license plates and arrested for transporting a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle, unlawfully carrying a weapon, failing to display a current license plate, and failing to maintain proof of insurance.

April 20, 1995 – Terry Nichols goes to a police station to ask about the bombing and is arrested by the FBI. He is ultimately charged with a material witness charge.

April 21, 1995 - McVeigh is in the small Noble County, Oklahoma courtroom waiting for the verdict on his four misdemeanors when the sheriff relays the message from the FBI that McVeigh is wanted for the bombing.

April 22, 1995 - McVeigh is positively identified as the bomber by two witnesses.

June 1997 - McVeigh is found guilty on all 11 charges. He is sentenced to death. Terry Nichols is found guilty of conspiring to build a weapon of mass destruction and of eight counts of involuntary manslaughter of federal officers. He is sentenced to life without parole.

7 May 1998 - Michael Fortier is sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined $75,000 for failing to warn authorities about the attack. He is given a reduced sentence and immunity for his wife in exchange for testifying against Nichols and McVeigh.

June 11, 2001- McVeigh is executed by lethal injection at the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana.

8 FILMMAKER BIOGRAPHIES

Barak Goodman (Writer/Director/Producer) is co-founder of Ark Media and a principal producer, director and writer with the company. His films for Ark Media have been nominated for an Academy Award and won multiple Emmys, DuPont-Columbia and Peabody Awards, the RFK Journalism Prize, and three times been official selections at the Sundance Film Festival. He was the series director and producer of CANCER: THE EMPEROR OF ALL MALADIES, based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Siddhartha Mukherjee, and he directed, produced and wrote MAKERS, the first comprehensive history of the modern women’s movement. In addition to OKLAHOMA CITY his work for American Experience includes RUBY RIDGE (February 14), about the 1992 FBI siege that helped launch the modern militia movement, CLINTON, a four-hour biography of Bill Clinton, and MY LAI, the story of America's most notorious war crime.

Mark Samels (Executive Producer) As executive producer of the PBS flagship history series, Mark Samels conceives, commissions and oversees all American Experience films. Samels has overseen more than 130 films, expanding both the breadth of subjects and the filmmaking style embraced by the series, allowing for more contemporary topics and more witness-driven storytelling. Beginning his career as an independent documentary filmmaker, he held production executive positions at public television stations in West Virginia and Pennsylvania before joining WGBH. Samels is a founding member of the International Documentary Association and has served as a governor of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. A graduate of the University of Wisconsin, Samels holds honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degrees from Emerson College and Elizabethtown College.

Emily Chapman (Producer) Emily Singer Chapman is a producer whose film career spans over a decade and includes work in experimental, vérité and historical documentaries. The majority of Chapman's recent work has been for PBS, including the Emmy-nominated and duPont-Columbia winning series Cancer: CANCER: THE EMPEROR OF ALL MALADIES, BLACK AMERICA SINCE MLK: AND STILL I RISE, FINDING YOUR ROOTS and CLINTON. Her latest films, OKLAHOMA CITY and RUBY RIDGE, are the fourth and fifth films she has worked on for the American Experience series. Chapman was raised in Portland, Oregon and lives in Brooklyn, NY.

Don Kleszy (Editor) Don Kleszy is an award-winning film editor with over 25 years of experience in the New York post-production community. He is the recipient of the 2014 IDA Award for Best Editor, honoring his work on American Experience’s Academy Award nominated feature documentary LAST DAYS IN VIETNAM. Don also received a 2016 Emmy nod, in Outstanding Editing – Documentary and Long Form, for his work on LAST DAYS IN VIETNAM. In addition, many of the docs Don has edited have received Emmy nominations, including MAKERS: WOMEN IN WAR, directed by Rachel Grady; THE POISONER’S HANDBOOK, directed by Rob Rapley; and OSWALD’S GHOST, and GUERRILLA: THE TAKING OF PATTY HEART, both directed by Robert Stone. Among Don’s other feature documentary work both PANDORA’S PROMISE and EARTH DAYS, also directed by Stone, premiered at Sundance and garnered honors at

9 festivals worldwide. In his career, Don Kleszy has also edited dramatic shorts, commercials and music videos, with clients running the gamut from M&M’s to Nam Jun Paik.

Stephen McCarthy (Director of Photography) Stephen McCarthy is a director of photography whose 30-plus years in film and broadcast production have spanned the width and breadth of non-fiction filmmaking. His work appears regularly in prime time documentary series including PBS's American Experience, American Masters, Frontline, Nova and Independent Lens as well as HBO's “YoungArts Masterclass". Mr. McCarthy served as cinematographer for two recent Emmy-nominated PBS series: CANCER: THE EMPEROR OF ALL MALADIES and YOUR INNER FISH, based the best-selling book by evolutionary biologist Neil Shubin. Forthcoming projects include two films from Barak Goodman on the rise of radical right wing paramilitarism for American Experience and BLACK AMERICA SINCE MLK: AND STILL I RISE for PBS.

About American Experience For more than 28 years, American Experience has been television’s most-watched history series. The series has been hailed as “peerless” (The Wall Street Journal), “the most consistently enriching program on television” (Chicago Tribune) and “a beacon of intelligence and purpose” (Houston Chronicle). On air and online, the series brings to life the incredible characters and epic stories that have shaped America’s past and present. Acclaimed by viewers and critics alike, American Experience documentaries have been honored with every major broadcast award, including 30 Emmy Awards, four duPont-Columbia Awards and 17 George Foster Peabody Awards; the series received an Academy Award® nomination for Best Documentary Feature in 2015 for LAST DAYS IN VIETNAM. Visit .org/americanexperience and follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube to learn more.

Exclusive corporate funding for American Experience provided by Liberty Mutual Insurance. Major funding provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Additional funding for Oklahoma City provided by The Documentary Investment Group: Gretchen Stone Cook Charitable Foundation and Marjie and Robert Kargman, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and public television viewers. American Experience is produced for PBS by WGBH Boston.

10 PARTICIPANTS (in alphabetical order)

Janet Beck, a survivor of the bombing, worked at the Social Security Administration office in the Murrah Building.

Jim Botting was an FBI negotiator at Ruby Ridge and at the 1993 siege at Waco, Texas. He was also on the FBI SWAT team that raided the Whidbey Island cabin of Robert J. Matthews, leader of The Order, a white supremacist group.

Bill Buford was an ATF team leader who was shot three times when he entered the Branch Davidian compound at Waco during the initial raid.

Ben Fenwick is a journalist who covered the Oklahoma City bombing trial.

Jerry Flowers was a detective and hostage negotiator for the Oklahoma City Police at the time of the bombing.

11 Claudia and Jim Denny are the parents of siblings who survived the bombing.

Helena Garrett’s son Tevin was in the daycare center in the Murrah Building and killed in the bombing.

Lee Hancock, a former reporter for The Dallas Morning News, covered the Branch Davidian standoff from the first day of the siege on February 28, 1993, until the fire on April 19, 1993. She also covered the Oklahoma City bombing.

Dan Herbeck is an investigative reporter who has been at The Buffalo News for nearly 40 years. He is the coauthor (with Lou Michel) of American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing.

12 Jon Hersley was the lead FBI investigator for the Oklahoma City bombing.

Jeff Jamar was an FBI negotiator and Special Agent in Charge at the Waco siege.

Daniel Levitas is an attorney and expert on the radical right. He is the author of The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right.

Wayne Manis served for more than 28 years in the FBI and has been involved in undercover investigations of groups including the Weather Underground, the Ku Klux Klan, and the white supremacist groups known as the Aryan Nations and The Order.

13

Lou Michel is the main crime reporter for The Buffalo News, and coauthor (with Dan Herbeck) of American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing.

Bill Morlin is a journalist who worked for more than three decades at The Spokane Chronicle and The Spokesman-Review. He was the first to report Randy Weaver’s self-imposed “house arrest” and the first on the scene at the at the “Y,” which led to .

Kerry Noble is a former member of the CSA, an extremist paramilitary group with close ties to the Aryan Nations.

Randy Norfleet, a captain in the Marines serving at the USMC Recruiting Station in the Murrah Building, saw Timothy McVeigh leaving the Ryder rental truck on the day of the bombing.

14 Mark Potok, a Senior Fellow at the Southern Poverty Law Center in Montgomery, Alabama, is one of the country’s leading experts on extremism. Before joining the SPLC in 1997, he was a journalist at several newspapers including USA Today, the Dallas Times Herald and the Miami Herald. While at USA Today he covered the 1993 Waco siege, the rise of militias, the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing and the trial of Timothy McVeigh.

Bob Ricks, FBI Special Agent in Charge, Waco and Oklahoma City, is currently the Chief of Police in Edmund, Oklahoma.

Jennifer Rodgers, a police officer in Oklahoma City, received the Oklahoma Police Medal of Valor for her actions on the day of the bombing.

Byron Sage was an FBI negotiator during the standoff at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco.

15 Kat Schroeder is a former Branch Davidian who left the compound to be with her kids and subsequently went to jail. Her husband died in the siege.

Ruth Schwab was working at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in the Murrah Building on the day of the bombing.

Dr. J. Andy Sullivan, a pediatric surgeon, helped rescue patients from the rubble.

Jess Walter is the author of Ruby Ridge: The Truth & Tragedy of the Randy Weaver Family. At the time of the events at Ruby Ridge he was a reporter for The Spokesman Review in Spokane, Washington.

16

Stuart A. Wright is Professor and Chair, Chair, Department of Sociology, Social Work & Criminal Justice at Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas. He is the author of several books including Patriots, Politics and the Oklahoma City Bombing and Armageddon in Waco: Critical Perspectives on the Branch Davidian Conflict.

Leonard Zeskind is president of the Institute for Research & Education on Human Rights and the author of Blood and Politics: The History of the White Nationalist Movement from the Margins to the Mainstream.

17 COMPLETE PRODUCTION CREDITS

PRODUCED BY BARAK GOODMAN EMILY SINGER CHAPMAN MARK SAMELS

MUSIC BY DAVID CIERI

EDITED BY DON KLESZY

WRITTEN AND DIRECTED BY BARAK GOODMAN

END CREDITS

DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY STEPHEN MCCARTHY

SOUND RECORDISTS MIKE THOMASON BRIAN WHITLOCK MARK ROY MARK MANDLER CALEB MOSE JOHN STEADWELL

ASSISTANT EDITORS RYAN KUPCHIK KYLE CRICHTON

18 RESEARCHER MONA KARRENBACH

(Credit Roll Begins)

LINE PRODUCER STEF GORDON

POST-PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR STEPHEN ALTOBELLO

MUSIC EDITOR TOM RUTISHAUSER

MOTION GRAPHICS CHRIS KING

ADDITIONAL ANIMATION ANDY CAHILL

COLORIST CHRIS CONNOLLY

SUPERVISING SOUND EDITOR KEVIN PETERS

DIALOGUE EDITOR DAVID WAHNON

RE-RECORDING MIXER ERIC MILANO

ADDITIONAL ASSISTANT EDITORS

19 MARISA BERGQUIST IAN DWY JENNA HILL

UP-REZ EDITORS ALLIE CORCORAN EDWARD WARDRIP

PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS IAN BRUCE PETER CALVIN MATT COCHRAN LORRAINE COMFORT MAUREEN EDWARDS JOY GULLEDGE ALISON HIGHBERGER MONA KARRENBACH MEGHANN VAN KOMEN ALEXANDRA ZUCCARO

POST SOUND SERVICES PROVIDED BY GIGANTIC STUDIOS NYC

ADDITIONAL CINEMATOGRAPHY SAM HENRIQUES

POST PRODUCTION ENGINEER ERIK THACKER DAVID HARRY BEN MEADORS

ADDITIONAL RESEARCH GRACE MCNALLY

20 ALEXANDRA SINGER KATE LINGLEY

INTERNS LEAH BARTELS MATTHEW CESARIO JOY GULLEDGE EMMA HERRMANN CARRIE MONAHAN CAITLIN RIGGSBEE CARLY TENNES ALEXANDRA ZUCCARO

LEGAL ED KLARIS

TRANSCRIPTIONS CLK TRANSCRIPTIONS, INC.

AERIAL VIDEOGRAPHY BIRDS EYE OF BIG SKY

UTV OPERATOR YOGI NARESH

UAV OPERATOR MATT REGAN

UAV CAM OPERATOR DANIELLE DELEON

BIRDSEYE PR & ADMIN EDWARD MEIER

21

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