Index

Index to William Westgarth’s – Personal recollections anti-popular "Government House" party, 145–146 of early Melbourne and . Facsimile ed. disproportionate representation, 78, 112–114 Geelong: Rippleside Press, 1970 and squatters, 97, 113 in Sydney, 63, 113–115 Index compiled by Jane Purton Anti-Transportation League, 57–59, 104, 147, 149 (ANZSI Index Series; No. 4) see also convicts Convicts Prevention Act, 90–91 A Sydney antipathy toward, 114, 115 aborigines Arden, George (editor of The Port Phillip Gazette), 25, 85 corroborees, 15–16 Argus, The encampment in Royal Park, 15 anti-squatter and anti-government party supporter, 146 Goulburn River tribe, 15 bought by Edward Wilson, 85–86 hostility toward settlers, 15, 41, 43, 44 buys up the Port Phillip Patriot, 85 inquiry into conditions, 63 circulation last demonstration near Melbourne, 15–16 overtaken by The Age, 102–103 massacre of at Eumerella, 44 unrivalled in Australasia, 101 missionaries and, 16–17 crusade against La Trobe, 98–99 as plentiful as colonists, 35 expenses and debt, 100–101 as police, 139 founded by William Kerr, 84 prohibited from Melbourne streets, 14 and German protocol, 126–127 Abraham, Mr and daughters, 26 known as The Times of the South, 98, 101, 103 Adelaide, 4 Mackinnon takes partnership in, 99, 104, 106 aborigines and missionaries, 17 motto, 85 German immigrants, 120 price of, 103 population 1840, 21 profits, 106 Adelphi Hotel, 26 rival newspapers, 85, 101 adjutants (birds), 42 scarcity of paper, type and staff, 100 Age, The Spowers becomes part owner, 103, 106 circulation, 172 supports Free Trade policy, 101 overtakes The Argus, 102–103 technology at, 171 price of, 103 and transportation of convicts, 58 supports Trade Protection, 101, 102 Arthur, George, Governor of Van Diemen’s Land, 63 agriculture Arthur Seat cattle station, 50 see also squatters auctions trade policies, 102, 175–176 allotments, 27–28, 116–117 Aitken, John (squatter), hosts Batman's daughter's champagne lunches, 27–28 wedding, 60–62 Australia Felix, 41, 42, 53, 56–57 Aitken, Mrs John, 61 Australian Club, 114–115 Albury, 168 Australian Mutual Provident Society, 177 alcohol abuse, 142 Australian Wool Company, 38 Alison and Knight (squatters), 50 Alison and Knight's flour mills, 24, 128 B Allen, John (squatter), 49 Ballarat Allen, Mrs John, 49 discovery of gold, 127, 132 allotments, 26 earnings from gold, 89, 136–137 auctions, 27–28, 116–117 name and pronunciation, 133–134 gum tree stumps, 28 waste of water, 135–136 sham buildings, 20–21 Ballarat riot (Eureka Stockade), 69–70 speculators, 20–21, 95–96 Ballarat Stock Exchange, 136 values, 26–27, 31–32, 33–34, 116–117, 123 Bank of Australasia, 22, 24, 73–74 Anakies, the, 37 Bank of England, 178 Anderson, General, 70–71 Bank of Victoria, 84 Anderson, Missie, 32 banking, 39, 73–74 Anderson's Creek goldfield, 132 see also specific banks anti-democracy party see anti-popular "Government Barker, John (Clerk of the Legislative Council), 144, 159 House" party Barnes, Charles, 45

1 Index

Barnes, W & H and Co., 23 Burchett, Charles Gowland (squatter), 45 Barry family, 110 Burns, The Hon Mr (Treasurer of New South Wales), 170 Bathurst goldfield, 132 Burton, Captain, 3 Batman, John bushfires, 127–128, 175 daughters' weddings, 41, 60–62 and forest conservation, 129–130 original house, 25 bushrangers, 140–141 pioneer of Port Phillip settlement, 19, 52, 59 Byass (station manager), 48 raffle for his pipe, 59 Batman's Hill, 24–25 C Beach, The (Port Melbourne), debarkation point in early Cairns, Rev. Dr, 71 Melbourne, 17–19 Cambridge University, 110 Belfast, 49 Campbell, Mrs DS, 24 bell birds, 12, 13 Campbell, William (Lodden Member of Parliament), Bell, Sir Francis, Agent General for New Zealand, 7 147–148 Bell, WM (solicitor), 138, 141 Campbell, William and family, 110 Bells and Buchanan (solicitors), 26 Campbell and Woolley (merchants), 26 Bendigo Campbell, M'Knight and Irvine (squatters), 45, 110 advances in digging, 139 Canada, conservation of forests, 130 and bushrangers, 140–141 Cannonook River, 50 cost of living, 138 Cape Otway, 49 earnings from gold, 89, 137, 140 Carey, John, 24 influx of miners, 138 Carlsruhe (property), 97 White Hills goldfield, 139 Carr, Captain Stanley (Prince of Schleswig-Holstein's Benevolent Asylum, 160–161 guardian), 122–123, 125–126 Benjamins (soft goods), 22 Carrington, Horatio Nelson (solicitor), 25 Bennett, Mr (proprietor of the Evening News, Town and Carson (shoemaker), 22 Country Journal), 170–171 Cashmore (draper), 22 Bird, Isabella, 21 Cassell, Hon. James Horatio Nelson (Commissioner of birds, 12, 13, 42 Customs, Member of the Executive Council of Victoria), Black, Dr, 159 102, 146, 162–163, 166 Black, Neil (early colonist), 49 Cassell, Mrs James, 162–163 “Black Thursday”, 127, 128–129 Castlemaine, 70, 82, 138 Boldrewood, Rolf (father of), 111 Catholic Church, erection of in Lonsdale Street, 26 Boldrewood, Rolf (writer), 111 Catholics, 118–119 Bourke Street, buildings and businesses, 25–26 see also Irish Catholics Boursiquot, George (owner of The Port Phillip Patriot), education, 82 85 cattle stations, 38, 40, 41, 42, 42–44, 45, 50, 111 Boyd, Benjamin (squatter and speculator) see also squatters buys stations for the Australian Wool Company, 38 Cavenagh, George (editor of The Port Phillip Herald), 85 sets up a bank which fails, 39 Centenary Exhibition, Melbourne, 1, 154, 156, 157, 171 Boyd, Mark, 39 champagne lunches at auctions, 27–28 Boyd stations, 38 Chevalier, Nicholas (painter), 46 Colac, 38 Chinese immigrants, 124, 138, 161 Eumerella, 41, 42–43 Chisholm, JM, 22 Port Phillip, 41 churches see specific names district, 48–49 Clarke, Hyde (linguist), 134 Brahe, Mr (solicitor), 122, 159 Clarke, WJT, 98, 110 Brisbane, 169, 177–178 class see social life British Association, 5–6, 130 Clow, Rev. James and family, 109 British Columbia, 83 coal, 77 Brodie, George Sinclair (auctioneer), 24 Cobb and Co coaches, 70, 136 Brown, DL and Co. (store), 177 cockatoos (birds), 13, 42 Browne, RH, 30 cockatoos (small farmers), 50 Brunswick, 14 Colac, 37–38, 41–42 Brunswick swamp, 30 Collector of Customs see Customs, Collector of Buchanan, Isaac, 61–62 Collingwood, 26, 27

2 Index

Collins, Lieutenant-Governor David, 50–51, 59 Collins Street D allotments, 12, 20, 116–117 Dalgety, Fred G, 100 buildings and businesses, 22–25, 84, 96–97, 100 Dalgety and Co Limited, 100 fences, 12 Dalgety, Du Croz and Co., 100 gum tree stumps, 28 Dalley Mr, 9 Lamb Inn, 25, 26, 59–60 Damyon, Mr, 159 superior to Sydney streets, 174 Dandenong Creek Road, 30 Collyer, William, 60 , 40 Colonial Conference, 9 Dandenong Road, 32 Colonial Land Fund, 120, 121 Davidson, Major, 30, 31, 32 Colonial Office Davidson, Missie, 32 see also Imperial Parliament De Castella, Mr (wine producer), 40 goldfields and land access drama, 79 debt and the colonies, 178 colonies, representation in the empire, 9–10 Deep Creek, 36 see also empire, unity of defence, 9 Commissioner of Crown Lands, dishonesty of, 68–69 Delius, Edward (shipping agent), 120, 121 Commissioners of Emigration, 119–120 D'Entrecasteaux Channel, 151–152 Condell, Henry (Mayor of Melbourne), 29, 60 Dight's Falls, 17, 19 Condell's brewery, 25 Dinwoodie's saddlery, 22 conservation of forests, 129–130 Donaldson, SA, 26–27, 114–115 convicts drought, 174–175 Anti-Transportation League, 57–59, 114, 115, 144, Drummond's grocery, 22 147, 149 Drury, Mr (bank manager), 177 conditional pardons granted by Tasmania, 89–91 Du Croz, Fred A, 100 crime committed by, 89–91, 104–105, 141 Duffy, Gavan, 95 Fawkner's background, 66–67 Dunlop, Mr (Member of Parliament), 148 flood the goldfields, 89–91 Dunmore (property), 45, 49 source of cheap labour, 57–58 Convicts Prevention Act, 90–91, 149 E Coppin, George (actor), 51 Ebden, Charles Hotson Coptic SS (steamship), 1–5, 111, 118–119, 170 see also squatters Cornwall Hotel (Launceston), 56 allotment speculator, 95–96, 97 corrobborees, 15–16 Member of Parliament, 145–146, 148 cost of living, 78–79, 116–117, 138 pastoral station, 97–98 Cowderoy, Benjamin (Secretary Melbourne Chamber of Port Phillip representative on Sydney Assembly, 97 Commerce), 157 education, 80, 93 Craig and Broadfoot's stores, 24 of Catholics, 82 Craig, Skene, 20 of colonists in England, 110–111 Craufurd (Boyd manager), 42–43, 44 Elder, Alexander L (colonist), 119 creeks, 29–30, 37, 46 electoral representation see Victorian Parliament Creswick, Mrs Henry, 62, 159 electricity, use of, 170 crime Elizabeth Street (Hobart), 152 committed by pardoned convicts, 89–91, 104–105, 141 Elizabeth Street (Melbourne), 26 Criterion Hotel, 28 floods, 29–30 Croke, James (Crown Solicitor), 77 empire, unity of, 6, 8–10 Crown Lands colonial representation, 9–10 dishonesty of Commissioner, 68–69 Emus, The (property), 45 and goldfields access, 78, 147, 148 Erskine, Deputy-Assistant Commissary General, 22 nominee Members of Parliament, 63, 112 Eumerella district, 41–44 Cruikshank, AR, 97 aboriginal hostility, 41, 43, 44 Curr, Edward (Father of Separation), 164–165 massacre of aborigines, 44 Custom House, 23 Eureka Stockade see Ballarat riot Customs, Collector of, 64 Evening News (Sydney), 170–171, 172 and gold, 137 and Trade Protection, 102 F

3 Index

Fallon, Mr (wine grower), 168 125 farming see squatters gold brokers, 137 fauna gold escort, 139 see also specific animals, eg. kangaroos Gold Point, Ballarat, 135 around Melbourne, 12, 13 goldfields Fawkner, John Pascoe, 36 see also specific places, eg Ballarat chooses site of Melbourne, 19–20, 52 administration, 69 and the Commissioner of Crown Lands, 68–69 advances in digging, 139 convict background, 65–67 alcohol consumption, 141–142 death of, 20, 71 and bushrangers, 140–141 Member of Parliament, 67 and Chinese, 138 member of the Goldfields Commission, 69–70 cost of living, 78–79 opens first pub in Melbourne, 22 crime and convicts from Tasmania, 89–91, 141 owner of The Port Phillip Patriot newspaper, 85 earnings from gold, 89, 136–137, 140, 165 property in Launceston, 55–56 land access, 77–79, 144, 148 proposed monument to, 20 licence fees and the Miner's Right, 82–83 unpopularity of in Tasmania, 65–67 quartz drifts, 139 Federal Assembly, 9 reason for population increase, 77, 89, 100 federation of Australasia, 170 Goldfields Commission, 149 fences, post and rail, 21, 42 and the Ballarat riot, 69–71 Fennell, Robert (Boyd's manager), 41, 43, 60, 116 licence fees and the Miner's Right, 82–83 Finlay family, 110 Gorrie, Mr (squatter), 43–44 Fitzgibbon, EG (town clerk), 88 Goulburn, 168 Fitzroy Gardens, 12 Goulburn River tribe of aborigines, 15 Flagstaff Hill, 161 government see Melbourne Corporation; Port Phillip Flemington, 26 District governing body; Victorian Parliament Flinders Street, 25 Government House, 163–164 floods, 29–30, 37 "Government House" anti-popular party see anti-popular Forbes, Rev. James, 23 “Government House” party Forlong, William, 97 Graham, Hon. James, 26, 27 Forsyth's druggery, 22 Grampians, The, 48 Foster family, 110 Gray, Mrs, 26 Foxton, John G, 90 Grey, Lord (Colonial Secretary), 120, 123 Frederick, Emperor of Germany, 126 Grylls, Rev. James and family, 108–109 Free Trade, 101, 102, 175–176 gum tree stumps, 28, 29, 64, 135 Froude, James Anthony (author of Oceana), 2, 6–7, 9, gum trees, 40, 129–130, 153–154 115, 129, 151 Gums, The (property), 49 Fysh, Sir Philip (Premier of Tasmania), 153 H G Ham, Messrs., 159 G Lovell and Company, 26 Hamburg (Germany) Gardiner's Creek Road, 30 source of immigrants, 97, 120–121 Geelong, 20, 37, 64, 84, 155 Hamilton, James M (station manager), 48–49 Geelong Corporation, 62–63 Hamilton (Canada), 8 Gellibrand, Mr, 64 Hardie, Messrs., 37 German immigrants Hargraves, Edward, 132 land acquisition, 122–123 Hawthorn, 12 liking for beef and mutton, 122 Hayes Place (England), 104, 107 to Port Phillip, 97, 119–120, 125 Heape and Grice (store keepers), 26 to South Australia, 119–120 Hearn, Mr, 110 value of, 123–124 Heidelberg, 111, 159 vine-dressers and grants from Colonial Land Fund, Henty, Charles (banker), 57–58 120, 121 Henty, Edward (squatter), 47, 53 Gill, James, 99, 162 founder of Victoria, 52, 59 Glenelg River, 41, 45, 47 leaves Launceston for Portland Bay, 52, 55–56 Godeffroy, John Caesar and Son (shipowners), 120, 121, on the Wannon, 57

4 Index

Henty, Mrs Edward, 47, 159 Jackson, Mrs James, 163–164 Henty, Francis, 53–54, 56, 157, 159 Jackson, Sam (squatter and architect), 36 Henty, James, 53 Jackson, William (squatter), 36 Henty, Stephen, 53 Jackson, Rae and Company, 25, 99–100 Henty, Thomas, 54, 55 James, George (wine merchant), 22, 116–117 Henty, William, 53 Johnston, James Stewart, 157–158 Henty family enters Parliament, 88–89, 146 emigrate to Swan River, 54–55 part owner of The Argus, 85, 99 leave Launceston for Portland, 52–53, 55–56 meet Major Mitchell, 56–57 K physical appearance, 54, 57 kangaroos, 13, 140, 168 rent land in Launceston, 53, 55 Kardinia, 64 Hesse, Mr, 64 Kaye, Mrs, 61 Hobart Keilor, 26 Anti-Transportation League, 57–59 Kelsh, D (post office), 26 Government House, 153 Kerr, Dr, 132 Huon Road, 153 Kerr, William, 88–89, 98 snow in, 151, 153 antipathy toward Irish catholics, 83–84, 88–89 telephones, 153 anti-squatter and anti-government party, 145 Westella Hotel, 152–153 Anti-Transportation League and Convicts Prevention Hobson, Dr Edmund Charles, 22, 163 Act, 90–91 Hobson's Bay, 11, 156 establishes The Argus, 84 Hood (chemist), 22 fixes polling order at Melbourne election, 88–89 Hopkins, Henry (merchant), 152 and German protocol, 126–127 Hopkins River, 50 influences Westgarth to stand for Parliament, 88–89 horse-drawn vehicles, 117–118 resemblance to Rev. Dr Lang, 86 see also Cobb and Co coaches sells The Argus, 85–86, 99 horse racing, 166–167 stationer, 84 Hotham, Governor Sir Charles, 69, 163 takes job on railway station, 88 Howitt, Dr, 22, 30 town clerk, 29, 86, 88–89 Hoyle, Duncan and sisters, 37 Kerr and Holmes (stationers), 22, 84 Huon Road (Tasmania), 153 Kerr and Thompson (stationers), 84 Hutton, Mrs Charles, 24 Kew, 159 Kilburn brothers, 99 I Kilmore, 81 Illustrated London News, 21 King, John Charles (town clerk), 29, 86 immigration King's Island, 56 from Germany, 97, 119-124 Kirk's Bazaar, 25 from Scotland, 84, 87 Imperial Federation League, 8 L Imperial Inn, 22 La Trobe, Charles Joseph Imperial Parliament, 9, 63 anti-popular and pro-squatting party, 112–113 Convicts Prevention Act, 91 character of, 76 and democratic representation, 112–113, 113–114 cottage, 25–26 pardons for convicts, 91 helps with German vine-dressers' grant, 121–122 Independent Church, 23 Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria Inglis, Peter (squatter), 60–61 goldfields and land access drama, 77–79, 147 Ingliston (property), 60–61 poor handling of coal prospect, 77 Irish Catholics, 80–81, 124 Moravian Church member, 76, 120 antipathy towards, 83–84, 88–89 Superintendent of Port Phillip, 75 education, 82 indecision over land laws, 98–99 irrigation, 175 Labertouche, PP (Secretary of Railways), 167 Irving, Mr, 110 labour, convicts as cheap source of, 57–58 Lake Korangamite, 42 J Lake Wendouree, Ballarat, 135–136 Jackson, James (merchant), 25, 30, 163–164 Lalor, Peter, Ballarat rioter and Speaker, Victorian

5 Index

Assembly, 70 retrieves gold from convict robber, 104–105 Lamb Inn, 25, 26, 59–60 magistrates, 71–73 land Manifolds (squatters), 42 see also allotments; Crown Lands Manton's Mills, 25 Colonial Land Fund, 120 manufacturing and trade policies, 176 and goldfields access, 77–79 Market Square, 31, 59, 132 transfer costs, 34 Marsden, JA, 159 land grants, 63 Martin, Dr James (squatter), 48 abolition of, 55 Martin, Mrs, 24 land laws, 78, 94–95, 98, 144, 147, 148 Maryfield (house), 33–34 land speculation, 79, 116, 133 massacre of aborigines, 44 see also allotments Mate, Mr (Mayor of Albury), 168 land values, 123, 132–133 Mechanics' Institute, 23 see also allotments Meek and Clarke (solicitors), 96 Lang, Rev. Dr James Langmore (Member of Parliament) Melbourne, 19–34, 156, 165 promotes immigration of Scotch Presbyterians, 87 see also allotments; specific streets; suburbs and separation from New South Wales, 86–87 aborigines in, 14, 15–16 Langhorne family, 161–162 banking, 73–74 latitude, effect on physique, 173 buildings and businesses see specific streets Launceston compared with Sydney, 169–176 Anti-Transportation League, 57–59 effect of latitude on physique, 173 land grants abolished, 55 fauna, 12, 13 port, 154, 155 Fawkner chooses site of, 19–20 source of settlers, 19, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 72, 73 Froude's account of progress, 2 law and order see crime; magistrates; police and the gold rush, 137 legislation see Victorian Parliament gum-tree stumps, 28 Liardet, WFE (publican and boatman), 17–18, 32–33 known as "the settlement", 35 Liegnitz (Silesia), German immigrants from, 120 land values, 132–134 lifts, 170 see also allotments Lingham, Mr (publican), 17–18 population, 21–22, 174 linguistics, 133–134 suburbs, 30–34, 158 Little Bourke Street, 25 see also specific suburbs Little Collins Street, 26 trams, 174 Little Flinders Street, 26 Melbourne and Hobson's Bay railway, 18 Lloyd, The Hon. George Alfred, 170 Melbourne Auction Company, 24 Locke, William, 14, 33 Melbourne Cemetery, the Old, 161–164 London Chartered Bank of Australia, 177 Melbourne Chamber of Commerce, 102, 135, 156–157, Lonsdale, Captain (Chief Secretary), 105, 122 168 Lonsdale Street, 26, 117–118 Melbourne Corporation, 29–30 Lovell, G and Company, 26 Elizabeth Street floods, 29–30 gum tree stumps, 29 M money irregularities and Kerr, 86 M'Arthur, David Charteris (bank manager), 11, 73–74 prohibits aborigines from streets, 14 M'Arthur, Mrs DC, 11, 73–74, 159 Melbourne Harbour, 173 M'Arthur, General, 70 Melbourne, and Murray River Railway, M'Coy, Mr, 110 138–139 M'Crae, Mr and Mrs AM (squatters), 50, 159 men of good family, 109–111 M'Gregor (squatter), 44 Menzies' Hotel, 156 Mackillop, Mr, 64 Merri Creek, 14, 33, 127, 128 M'Kinney, Mrs, 60 Miller, Henry (Member of Parliament), 98, 133 Mackinnon, Colin, 64 Miner's Right, 82–83 Mackinnon, Lauchlan, 64 missionaries and aborigines, 16–17 Anti-Transportation League, 57–59 Mitchell, Major Thomas, 42, 47 partner in The Argus, 99, 104, 106 meets the Hentys at Portland, 56–57 possible chief of police, 105–106 Mitchell, Sir William (chief of police), 106 retires to England, 103–104 Montgomery and M'Crae (solicitors), 96

6 Index

Moonee Ponds, 118 leaves Liverpool for Port Phillip, 93 Moor, Henry (solicitor), 68, 115, 117 offers Westgarth post of Commissioner of Customs, 94 Moore, David, 33–34, 159 stands for Parliament, 88–89 Moorefield (house), 34 Nodin, F (store manager), 24 Moravian Church, 76 in Liegnitz, 120–121 O missionaries and aborigines, 16 Oceana (book by Froude), 2, 6–7, 9, 133 Morison, Rev. Alexander, 23 Old Melbourne Cemetery, 161-164 Morris, Augustus (squatter), 37–38, 42 opossums, 168 Mossman (early colonist), 21, 23 O'Shanassy, Sir John (Premier of Victoria) Mount Aitken, 60–62 and Education Acts, 80, 82 Mount Alexander, 82, 138 enters Parliament, 81, 88–89, 144, 146 Mount Coot-tha, 177 gives Kerr a job on a railway station, 88 Mount Eeles, 43, 46 and the Goldfields Commission, 81 Mount Noorat, 49 Irish roots, 80–81, 124 Mount Porndon, 42, 43 and Kerr's antipathy towards Irish Catholics, 83–84, Mount Shadwell, 49 88–89 Mount Sturgeon, 48 land laws, 95 Mount William, 48 names the Miner's Right, 82–83 Muller, Prof. Max (linguist), 134 Owen, Prof., 22–23 Murchison, Mr (gold expert), 139 Oxford University, 110 Murphy, Dr Sir Francis, 69, 159 Murray, Andrew, 37 P Murray, Hugh, 37 Palmer, Dr (Speaker), 143, 144 Parkes, Sir Henry, 167, 170 N Patterson, John Hunter, 26, 117–118 Nantes, Mrs DS, 24 Patterson, Macdonald, 168–169 Neuhauss, Otto (German immigrant), 122, 123, 125 pelicans, 42 New South Wales Perry, Dr Charles (first Lord Bishop), 118 see also Sydney; Sydney Assembly Pike, Mrs, 26 antipathy toward Anti-Transportation League, 114–115 Pinkertons (squatters), 37 climate, 174–175 Pittman, 22 debt, 178 platypus, 13, 23 drought, 174 Pohlman, Judge (Member of Parliament), 147 effect of distances on, 175 police, 72, 105–106 effect of latitude on physique, 173 aboriginal, 139 grants independence to Port Phillip District (Victoria), population, 21–22, 174 35, 63, 86–87, 115, 164–165 increase with the gold rush, 77, 89, 100 grants independence to Queensland and South Porcupine, The (hotel), 142 Australia, 35 Port Fairy, 50, 146 population, 174 Port Jackson, 173 railway free pass, 167 Port Melbourne, 17–19, 138–139, 156 snow in, 168–169 Port Phillip, 11, 17, 19 trade policies, 102, 175–176 see also The Beach New Zealand, 4, 6 Port Phillip Bank, 22 debt, 7–8, 178 Port Phillip District colony effect of latitude on physique, 173 see also Victoria population distribution, 21–22 German immigrants, 97, 119–120, 125 pronunciation of words, 134 population 1840, 21 newspapers see the press separation from New South Wales, 35, 63, 86–87, 115, Nicholson, Dr Sir Charles, 115, 145 127 Nicholson, Germain, 159 Port Phillip District governing body representation on Nicholson, William Sydney Assembly, 63, 87, 88, 97, 115 becomes Mayor of Melbourne, 93 Port Phillip Gazette, The, 25, 85 enters Parliament and becomes Premier, 93–94 Port Phillip Heads, 155–156 and the land laws, 94–95 Port Phillip Herald, The, 85

7 Index

Port Phillip Patriot, The, 85 Richmond Flat, 11–12 Port Phillip settlement Richmond Road, 158 see also Melbourne Roach, Captain, 25 first magistrate, 71–73 Roach Terrace, Batman's Hill, 25 first white child born in, 64 Robertson, Sir John, 165 founded by John Batman, 59 Robertson, William (land owner), 42, 110 overshadows Portland, 52–53 Ross, Alfred, 31, 162 scarcity of families, 108–109 Ross, James Hunter (solicitor), 84 Porter, John, 61–62 Royal Bank of Australia, 39 Porter, Mr, 25 Royal Colonial Institute, 8–9, 53 Portland Royal Park, 14, 29 settled by the Henty family, 52–53, 55–56 aboriginal encampment, 15 post and rail fences, 21, 42 Rusden family, 110 post office, 26 Russell, Andrew (Mayor of Melbourne), 60 potatoes, 50 Russell, Mrs R, 24 Prahran, 31 Rutledge, William (squatter and Member of Parliament), press, the 50, 146–147 see also specific titles, eg. The Age Ryrie, William (attorney and squatter), 27, 39–40 expenses and debt, 100–101 in Melbourne, 84–85, 171–172 S newsboys, 172 Sandhurst goldfield, 138 scarcity of paper, type and staff, 100 Sandridge, 18–19 support for elected Members of Parliament, 147 sandstone, 23 in Sydney, 170–172 Savings Bank of New South Wales, 34 technology and, 171–172 Sayers, EM (merchant), 23 Prince of Science (Prof. Owen), 22–23 Sceales, James (squatter), 37 Purves, James, 28 Schleswig-Holstein, Prince of, 122–123 Pyrenees district, 48–49 visits Port Phillip, 124–127 Scotland, source of settlers, 84, 87 Q Scots Church, 23, 36 Queen Street (Brisbane), 177 Scott, Dawson and Stewart (store), 177 Queen Street (Melbourne), 30 Scott's Hotel, 156 Queenscliff, 51 Selwyn, Mr (gold expert), 139 Queensland separation from New South Wales, 35, 63, 86–87, 115 see also Brisbane boundary lines, 164–165 banking, 177 Service, Mr (leader of the federation movement), 5, 145, becomes an independent colony, 35 168 debt, 178 Shadforth, RW, 159 drought, 175 Shakespeare, The (public house), 22, 24 effect of latitude on physique, 173 Shaw, Savill New Zealand Line, 1 railway free pass, 167 sheep snow in, 168–169 and technology, 171 Queensland National Bank, 177 value of, 36, 38 sheep stations, 36, 37–38, 41, 45, 47, 47–48, 48–49 R see also squatters race and immigration, 124 sheep theft, 36 Rae, James, 99 ships railway free pass, 167–168 see also specific vessels railways, 37, 51, 53, 138–139, 154–155 debarkation of in early Melbourne, 17 Raleigh, Mr and Mrs Joseph, 162 increasing speed of, 3–5 Reid, Mr (vicar), 107 Sidman, Mr (editor of the Evening News), 170 Reid, Robert (President Melbourne Chamber of Silesia and German immigrants, 120, 124 Commerce), 157 Simpson, James (magistrate), 71–73, 108–109 religion, 118–119 Sinclair, Jock, 58 see also Irish Catholics Sladen family, 110 Renny, Allan K, 162–163 Smith, James, 20, 64, 108–109

8 Index

Smith, Mr and Mrs and daughters, 24 Stawell, William (Attorney-General), 91, 110, 146 snow, 151, 168–169 Stewart and Hemmant (store), 177 social life Stony Rises, 42, 43 anti-popular "Government House" party, 112–114 Strachan, JF (merchant and Member of Parliament), 24, cost of living, 78–79, 116–118 148–149 manners, 108, 109 Stranraer (Scotland), source of immigrants, 84 men of good family, 109–111 Strzelecki (explorer), view of aborigines, 14 scarcity of families, 108–109 Studley Park, 12 scope for upward mobility, 92–93, 112, 114 Sturt's Desert, 128 women, 107–109, 116 Swan River, 54–55 social welfare see Benevolent Asylum Swanston Street, 30 Sorrento, 51 gum tree stumps, 28 South Australia Sydney, 165, 169 see also Adelaide bush tracks to, 26 aborigines and missionaries, 16–17 compared with Melbourne, 169–176 becomes an independent colony, 35 population, 21, 174 debt, 178 the press in, 170–172 German immigrants, 119–120 sends officials to Port Phillip settlement, 64 and the Henty family, 52 streets and buildings, 173–174 railway free pass, 167 trams, 174 South Yarra, 25, 30 Wentworth's anti-popular party, 113–115 allotments, 31–33 Sydney Assembly, Port Phillip representation, 63, 87, 88, Southern District see Port Phillip District 97, 115 speculators, 20–21, 38, 79, 95–96, 109, 133 Sydney Morning Herald, 101 Spencer Gulf, 55 Sydney Road, 14, 30, 33, 158 Splatt, WF (squatter and Member of Parliament, 147 Syme, David (proprietor of The Age), 102 Spowers, Allan, 103–104, 106 squatters, 42 T see also individual names Tait, Archbishop, 107 and aborigines, 44 Tamar River (Tasmania), 155 anti-popular "Government House" party, 63, 97, 112, Tasmania 145, 147 see also Hobart; Launceston around Colac, 37–38, 41–42 Anti-Transportation League, 57–59, 104 at Arthur Seat, 50–51 convicts and conditional pardons, 89–91 on the Deep Creek, 36 effect of latitude on physique, 173 definition of, 35 railway free pass, 167 in the Eumerella district, 42–45 snow in, 151 hard times, 38–39, 40 Tasmanian Finance and Loans, 153 homesteads, 37–38, 40, 45, 46–47, 49, 60–61 Tasmanian Main Line (railway), 154–155 horse-drawn vehicles, 117 Taylor, Hugh Lewis (bank manager), 84 land leases and the goldfields, 78 telephones, 153, 170 in the Pyrenees district, 48–49 Tempe (house), 33 and the Sabbath, 108 Thistle, The (schooner), 55–56 separation session elections, 63 Thomson, Dr Alexander (early Port Phillip settler), 62– settlers from Launceston, 36, 38, 53 64, 159 support Trade Protection, 102 and aborigines' conditions, 63 on the Victoria Range, 49–50 and Black Thursday, 128 on the Wannon, 46–47 daughter of, 62, 63–64, 159 in the Warrnambool district, 49–50 and the Geelong Corporation, 62–63 on the Werribee Plains, 37 and German immigrants, 122 at Yering, 39–40 leaves Hobart for Port Phillip, 63–64 St James's Church, 23, 25, 64 and separation sessions, 63 St. Kilda, 31 Thomson, Mr, 168 St Kilda Road, 159 Thomson, Mrs (wife of Dr Thomson), 63–64 robberies, 90 Thomson, Rev ., 25 Station Peak, 37 Toorak, 30, 163

9 Index

Toorak Road, 158 nominee Members, 63, 78, 113–114, 143, 145–146, Torrens, Sir RR, 34 147, 148 Torrens's Act, 34 representative Assembly, 94, 147 Town and Country Journal (Sydney), 170 Speaker, 143, 144, 145–146 Townend's corner, Collins Street, 22, 29 squatting members, 145, 147 trade policies, 101–102, 170, 175–176 and Trade Protection, 148–149 Trade Protection, 101–102, 170, 175–176 transportation of convicts, 144, 147, 149 trams in Melbourne and Sydney, 174 volcanoes, 42, 43, 46 transport see horse-drawn vehicles; railways; ships; trams transportation see convicts W Trenchard, Mr (solicitor), 138–139 W and H Barnes and Co., 23 Turanian language, 134 Walcott, Sir Stephen, 120 Turnbull, Orr and Co., 22 Wannon region, 45–47, 57 Wannon Rriver, 45–46, 47 U Warrnambool, 41, 49 Umbria SS (steamship), 4 Watson and Wight (merchants), 23, 132 Union Bank of Australia, 162 Webb, Annie, 64 Webb, RS (Collector of Customs), 64 V Webster, Captain (early colonist), 49, 110 Van Diemen's Land Wells, Mr, 43 see also Hobart; Launceston; Tasmania Welsh, Mrs PW's Five Hundred Pound Party, 25 transportation of convicts, 57–58 Welsh, PW, 23, 25, 31 Victoria Wentworth, WC, 142–143 see also Port Phillip District anti-popular party, 113–115 boundary lines, 164–165 Were, Mrs JB, 159 climate, 174–175 Were Brothers (merchants), 23 debt, 178 Werribee Plains, 37 drought, 174 Wesleyan Church, 22 education, 80, 82 Westby, Edmund, 110, 117 effect of distances on, 175 Westella Hotel (Hobart), 152–153 export product earnings, 136–137 Western Australia see Swan River first Parliament see Victorian Parliament Western Market square, 21, 22, 23, 72 founded by the Henty family, 52 Western Port coal, 77 German immigrants, 119–124 Westgarth, Miss, 153 population, 22, 77, 89, 100, 174 Westgarth, William railway free pass, 167 Anti-Transportation League, 57–59, 104, 114–115 separation from New South Wales, 35, 63, 86–87, 115, association with Fawkner, 67–71 127, 164–165 association with O'Shannessy, 81–83 snow in, 168 attends Batman's daughter's wedding, 60–62 trade policies, 102, 175–176 and Boyd commissions, 41 western region see Australia Felix; squatters and the British Association, 5–6 Victoria Range, 47 compares Melbourne with Sydney, 169–176 Victorian government see Victorian Parliament Convicts Prevention Act, 90–91 Victorian Parliament declines post of Commissioner of Customs, 94 anti-popular "Government House" party, 63, 78, 97, and Fawkner's monument, 20 112–114, 145–146 first trip to the interior, 35–36 budget, 142–143 first visit to Port Phillip, 11–12 Convicts Prevention Act, 149 German immigration, 97, 119–124 education, 80, 82, 93 harangues Ballarat diggers, 135 elected Members, 113–114, 146, 147–148 lives in South Yarra, 30–33 false voting, 88–89 lives on the Merri Creek, 33–34 and Fawkner, 67 on Melbourne in 1888, 156–167 and the goldfields, 134–135, 144, 148 Member of Parliament, 81, 88–89, 142–150 Goldfields Commission, 81, 82, 149 and the Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, 124–127 inexperience of Members, 144–145 returns to Melbourne on the Coptic, 1–5, 111 land laws, 78, 94–95, 98, 144, 147, 148 serves on the Goldfields Commission, 69–71, 82–83,

10 Index

149 on snow, 151, 168–169 tours around Tasmania, 151–155 visits an aboriginal encampment, 14–15 visits Brisbane, 177–178 visits western Victoria, 41–51 Westgarth, William (author's namesake), 152 White Hills goldfield, 139 Wight, EB, 159 Wight, Miss, 159 Williams, Charles (auctioneer), 27, 28 Williams, Mrs, 26 Williams, The (creek), 29–30 Williamson, Mr and Mrs James and family, 108–109, 163–164 Williamstown, 20, 156 Wilson, Edward, 58, 110 buys The Argus, 85–86, 99 crusade against La Trobe, 98–99 death and legacies, 107 editor of The Argus, 100, 101 and profits from The Argus, 106 recommends Mackinnon for chief of police, 105–106 retirement to Hayes Place, England, 103–104, 106–107 on William Campbell, 148 wine producers, 40, 168 Witton, William (hardware), 22 women few compared to men, 108–109 frugality, 116 legatees of Edward Wilson, 107 social life, 106, 107–109 Woolley, Alfred, 159 Wright, Miss, 159 Wright, Mr (Gold Commissioner), 70

Y Yarra River, 12, 13, 39–40 Yass, 168

11