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The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications
The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications By Name: Syeda Batool National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad April 2019 1 The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications by Name: Syeda Batool M.Phil Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, 2019 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY in PAKISTAN STUDIES To FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN STUDIES National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad April 2019 @Syeda Batool, April 2019 2 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES THESIS/DISSERTATION AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read the following thesis, examined the defense, are satisfied with the overall exam performance, and recommend the thesis to the Faculty of Social Sciences for acceptance: Thesis/ Dissertation Title: The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications Submitted By: Syed Batool Registration #: 1095-Mphil/PS/F15 Name of Student Master of Philosophy in Pakistan Studies Degree Name in Full (e.g Master of Philosophy, Doctor of Philosophy) Degree Name in Full Pakistan Studies Name of Discipline Dr. Fazal Rabbi ______________________________ Name of Research Supervisor Signature of Research Supervisor Prof. Dr. Shahid Siddiqui ______________________________ Signature of Dean (FSS) Name of Dean (FSS) Brig Muhammad Ibrahim ______________________________ Name of Director General Signature of -
A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 ii The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan This Dissertation is submitted to National Defence University, Islamabad in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 iii Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Department NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Islamabad- Pakistan 2017 iv CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION It is certified that the dissertation titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” written by Ehsan Mehmood Khan is based on original research and may be accepted towards the fulfilment of PhD Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). ____________________ (Supervisor) ____________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By ______________________ ____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) v AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” is based on my own research work. Sources of information have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. -
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¼ÛT.¾.hÐGÅ.Gż.ºHá¼ü REG. No. JKENG/2013/55210 Rs. 15/- R EACH VOL. 7 ISSUE 13 PAGES 8 L ADAKH B ULLETIN July 16-31, 2019 Fortnightly Special Commemorating the 20th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas Page 4-5 Find us on FACEBOOK: Reach Ladakh Follow us on twitter: ReachLadakhBulletin Visit our website: www.reachladakh.com Brief News Defence Minister lights ‘Victory Flame’ Yarchos Chenmo begins with religious fervour DISCLAIMER to mark 20 years of Kargil Vijay Diwas Reach Ladakh does not take re- sponsibility for the contents of the Advertisements Display/classified published in this newspaper. The paper does not endorse the same. Readers are requested to verify the contents on their own before acting there upon. Reach Ladakh Correspondent mo would help to promote good tradi- tional practices and discourage ill prac- NUBRA: The nine-day lDumra Khadot tices like caste system and alcoholism. Yulsum Yarchos Chenmo begins with re- ligious fervour on July 15. In commemoration with Khadot Yarchos Chenmo, the Cultural Academy Leh has Subscribe to our You Tube Channel Reach Ladakh Correspondent tyrs and all along the journey and hom- Ven. Geshe Thupstan Rabgyas (Spiritu- organized a 5-day cultural training to the age will be paid to the heroes who fought al guidance of His Eminence Ling Rin- people of this area and to mark the occa- ‘Reach Ladakh’ to get all the latest NEW DELHI: Marking the 20th anni- updates from Ladakh and don’t forget valiantly for the Nation. poche) who was the chief guest on the sion, a cultural programme was present- versary of the Operation Vijay, Rajnath occasion hoped that Khadot Yarchos to click the notification bell Rajnath Singh along with Gen Bipin ed by the trainees. -
Kargil Vijay Diavs ……
KARGIL VIJAY DIAVS …… Kargil War Part of the Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and the Kashmir conflict ❖ Period of Kargil War : Date3 May – 26 July 1999 (2 months, 3 weeks and 2 days) ❖Location : Kargil district, Jammu and Kashmir, India ❖Result Decisive : Indian victory ❖India regains possession of Kargil ❖Territorial changes - Status quo ante bellum Kargil War : Strength INDA PAKISTAN 30,000 5000 Kargil War :Commanders and leaders INDIA PAKISTAN K. R. Narayanan( President of India) Muhammad Rafiq Tarar( President of Pakistan) Atal Bihari Vajpayee(Prime Minister of India) Nawaz Sharif(Prime Minister of Pakistan) Gen Ved Prakash Malik (Chief of the Army Staff) Gen Pervez Musharraf( Chief of the Army Staff) Lt Gen Chandra Shekhar(Vice Chief of the Army Staff) Lt GenMuhammad Aziz Khan(Chief of the General Staff) ACM Anil Yashwant Tipnis(Chief of the Air Staff) ACM Pervaiz Mehdi Qureshi Chief of the Air Staff) Kargil War :Casualties and losses Indian official figures Independent figures 527 killed 700 casualties 1,363 wounded Pakistani figures 1 1 Pilot (K Nachiketa) held as prisoner of war 453 killed (Pakistan army claim) 1 fighter jet shot down Other Pakistani claims 1 fighter jet crashed 357 killed and 665+ wounded (according to Pervez Musharra) 1 helicopter shot down 2,700–4,000 killed (according to Nawaz Sharif) Pakistani claims Indian claims 1,600 (as claimed by Musharraf) 737-1,200 casualties1,000+ wounded Kargil War ❖The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC). -
Answered On:27.07.2000 Gallantary Awards to Fighters of Kargil Conflict Simranjit Singh Mann
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DEFENCE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:667 ANSWERED ON:27.07.2000 GALLANTARY AWARDS TO FIGHTERS OF KARGIL CONFLICT SIMRANJIT SINGH MANN Will the Minister of DEFENCE be pleased to state: the total number of gallantary awards awarded to the fighters of the Kargil Conflict with full particulars of recipients? Answer MINISTER OF DEFENCE (SHRI GEORGE FERNANDES) 300 gallantry awards have so far been awarded. The details are annexed. ANNEXURE - I REFERRED TO IN REPLY GIVEN TO LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 667 FOR 27.07.2000. PARTICULARS OF THE RECIPIENTS OF GALLANTRY AWARDS AWARDED ON 15.08.1999 ONACCOUNT OF KARGIL CONFLICT LIST OF RECOMMENDED CASES OF OP VIJAY : INDEPENDENCE DAY 1999 PARAM VIR CHAKRA 1. IC-57556 LT VIKRAM BATRA, 13 JAK RIF (POSTHUMOUS) 2. IC-56959 LT MANOJ KUMAR PANDEY, 1/11 GR (POSTHUMOUS) 3. 13760533 RFN SANJAY KUMAR, 13 JAK RIF 4. 2690572 GDR YOGENDER SINGH YADAV, 18 GRENADIERS MAHA VIR CHAKRA 1. IC-45952 MAJ SONAM WANGCHUK, LADAKH SCOUTS (IW) 2. IC-51512 MAJ VIVEK GUPTA, 2 RAJ RIF (POSTHUMOUS) 3. IC-52574 MAJ RAJESH SINGH ADHIKARI, 18 GDRS (POSTHUMOUS) 4. IC-55072 MAJ PADMAPANI ACHARYA, 2 RAJ RIF (POSTHUMOUS) 5. IC-57111 CAPT ANUJ NAYYAR, 17 JAT (POSTHUMOUS) 6. IC-58396 CAPT NEIKEZHAKUO KENGURUSE, 2 RAJ RIF (POSTHUMOUS) 7 SS-37111 LT KEISHING CLIFFORD NONGRUM,12 JAK LI(POSTHUMOUS) 8. SS-37691 LT BALWAN SINGH, 18 GRENADIERS 9. 2883178 NK DIGENDRA KUMAR, 2 RAJ RIF VIR CHAKRA 1. IC-35204 COL UMESH SINGH BAWA, 17 JAT 2. IC-37020 COL LALIT RAI, 1/11 GR 3. -
The Eastern Karakoram
33 The Eastern Karakoram Harish Kapadia Plates 2-10 The early explorers knew no boundaries except those of mountain ranges but present day mountaineers and explorers have to respect political boundaries and territorial regulations. Only since 1984 have all the ranges of the E Karakoram been opened to climbers by the Indian Government. At first while planning for the Siachen Indo-British Expedition 1985 to the Terong valley, one felt that the area was not frequented, remote; that information was scarce and approach difficult. However, upon a little research it was found that more than 40 parties had visited the area. Information and various references were scattered over a large number of books and journals. The Karakoram has many opportunities for climbing and exploration and it is bound to receive many mountaineering parties in the future. In early days, caravans from Srinagar to the Siachen snout took nearly 50 days; now it would be but five! The E Karakoram consists of the Siachen Muztagh, the Rimo Muztagh, and the Saser Muztagh as a sub-group of the Great Karakoram. I All these groups consist of various sub-groups and peaks as classified in the Karakoram Conference report of 1936. Out of these the Siachen Muztagh was explored thoroughly, while the Rimo Muztagh and Saser Muztagh received a few parties. The Siachen Muztagh The peaks surrounding the Siachen glacier form this group. In 1821, W Moorcroft passed near its snout and first acknowledged its existence. 2 In 1835 GT Vigne approached it from the west trying to reach the Bilafond la, but he never guessed the existence of such a large glacier across the divide. -
Ladakh Studies 12
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR LADAKH STUDIES LADAKH STUDIES _ 12, Autumn 1999 CONTENTS Page: Editorial 2 News from the Association: From the Hon. Sec. 3 Ninth IALS Colloquium at Leh: A Report Martijn van Beek 4 Biennial Membership Meeting John Bray 7 News from Ladakh: 8 The conflict in Ladakh: May-July 1999 MvB 11 Special Report: A Nunnery and Monastery Are Robbed: Zangskar in the Summer of 1998 Kim Gutschow 14 News from Members 16 Obituary: Michael Aris Kim Gutschow 18 Articles: Day of the Lion: Lamentation Rituals and Shia Identity in Ladakh David Pinault 21 A Self-Reliant Economy: The Role of Trade in Pre-Independence Ladakh Janet Rizvi 31 Dissertation Abstracts 39 Book reviews: Bibliography – Northern Pakistan, by Irmtraud Stellrecht (ed.) John Bray 42 Trekking in Ladakh, by Charlie Loram Martijn van Beek 43 Ladakhi Kitchen, by Gabriele Reifenberg Martin Mills 44 Book announcement 46 Bray’s Bibliography Update no. 9 47 Notes on Contributors 56 Drawings by Niels Krag Production: Repro Afdeling, Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University Layout: MvB Support: Department of Ethnography and Social Anthropology, Aarhus University. 1 EDITORIAL This issue of Ladakh Studies is, I hope you will agree, a substantial one in terms of size and the quality of contributions. Apart from the usual items of Ladakh-related news, there are reports on the recent Ninth Colloquium and the membership meeting of the IALS, two major articles, and a large issue of Bray’s Bibliographic Update. Interspersed are smaller items, including an obituary for Michael Aris by Kim Gutschow. Throughout this issue, you will find some line drawings of characters you may recognize. -
• “The Kargil War-1999” Cadet-Bhavik Kashinath
CADET-BHAVIK KASHINATH SURYAWANSHI 48 MAHARASHTRA BATTALION, DHULE Z.B.PATIL COLLEGE, DHULE • “THE KARGIL WAR-1999” THE KARGIL WAR The Kargil War was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control(LOC). In India, the conflict is also referred to as Operation Vijay which was the name of the Indian operation to clear the Kargil sector. THE KARGIL WAR-1999 CAUSE OF THE KARGIL WAR The cause of the war was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC, which serves as the de facto border between the two states. LOCATION & BACKGROUND The town of Kargil is located 205 km (127 mi) from Srinagar, facing the Northern Areas across the LOC. Pakistani Lieutenant General Shahid Aziz, and then head of ISI analysis wing, has confirmed there were no mujahideen but only regular Pakistan Army soldiers who took part in the Kargil War. "There were no Mujahideen, only taped wireless messages, which fooled no one. Our soldiers were made to occupy barren ridges, with hand held weapons and ammunition“. Some analysts believe that the blueprint of attack was reactivated soon after Pervez Musharraf was appointed chief of army staff in October 1998. (The Town of Kargil) WAR PROGRESS • May 3 Pakistani intrusion in Kargil reported by local shepherds. • May 5 Indian Army patrol sent up; Five Indian soldiers captured and tortured to death. • May 9 Heavy shelling by Pakistan Army damages ammunition dump in Karg. -
7,000 - 8,000M Peaks
7,000 - 8,000m Peaks World Rank Height ( Name Location Rank (Pakistan) m) Gasherbrum III (K3a) 7952 Karakoram Baltoro Muztagh 17 6 Gasherbrum IV (K3) 7925 19 7 Distaghil Sar 7885 Hispar Muztagh 21 8 Kunyang Chhish 7852 22 9 Masherbrum (K1) 7821 Masherbrum Mountains 25 10 Batura I 7795 Batura Muztagh 26 11 Kanjut Sar 7790 Hispar Muztagh 27 12 Rakaposhi 7788 Rakaposhi-Haramosh Mountains Batura II 7762 Batura Muztagh 31 Saltoro Kangri (K10) 7742 Saltoro Mountains Batura III 7729 Batura Muztagh 33 13 Tirich Mir 7706 Hindu Kush 36 14 Chogolisa I 7665 Karakoram Masherbrum Mountains 38 15 Shispare 7611 Batura Muztagh Silberzacken 7597 Himalaya Nanga Parbat Batura IV 7594 Karakoram Batura Muztagh Unnamed 7581 39 16 Trivor 7577 Hispar Muztagh 44 17 Skyang Kangri 7545 Baltoro Muztagh 52 18 Noshaq 7492 Hindu Kush 53 19 Pumari Chhish (W) 7492 Karakoram Hispar Muztagh 54 20 Passu Sar 7476 Batura Muztagh 55 21 Yukshin Gardan Sar 7530 Hispar 58 23 Malubiting (W) 7458 Rakaposhi-Haramosh Mountains 61 24 K12 7428 Saltoro Mountains Muchu Chhish 7453 Batura Muztagh 63 25 Sia Kangri 7422 Baltoro Muztagh 64 26 Momhil Sar 7343 Hispar Muztagh 66 27 Skil Brum 7420 Baltoro Muztagh 67 28 Haramosh 7409 Rakaposhi-Haramosh Mountains 68 29 Istor-o-nal 7403 Hindu Kush 69 30 Ghent Kangri 7400 Karakoram Saltoro Mountains 70 31 Ultar Sar 7388 Batura Muztagh 74 33 Sherpi Kangri 7380 Saltoro Mountains 78 34 Saraghrar 7349 Hindu Kush 81 35 Chongtar 7315 Karakoram Baltoro Muztagh 82 36 Baltoro Kangri 7280 Masherbrum Mountains 88 37 Yutmaru Sar 7283 Hispar Jutmo Sar 7330 Bojohagur -
90199559-Siachen-The-Geopolitics
1 Siachen:The Geopolitics and Strategy in Frozen Battlefield By Shahzad Masood Roomi Aftermath of Gyari Tragedy: The tragic incident of 7th April avalanche that hit the battalion HQ of 6NLI battalion of Pakistan Army in Gyari sector of Siachen trapping 139 Pakistani troops and civilians has traumatized the entire nation. Pakistan Army is desperately trying to reach the trapped persons under the 80 feet high and one square kilometer wide pile of rubble, rock, snow and ice in a rescue operation in an unforgiving weather and constant snow falling at a height of 14000 feet from sea level. The incident was the worst catastrophe since 1984 when India illegally occupied Siachen glacier and Saltoro ridge to its southwest. After this dreadful tragedy, a very shocking and sordid trend emerged in certain media circles within Pakistan, like SAFMA, demanding withdrawal of forces from Siachen. On 9th April 2012, two days after the awful tragedy, SAFMA head Imtiaz Alam stated, ―Why should we be going for an agreement? We should just withdraw. If we do that, Indian domestic pressure will also result in a withdrawal there. They will say it is madness to continue.‖[11] 2 Without giving proper knowledge of background of the incident and history of conflict on world‟s highest battlefield these self-claimed peace preachers began to tell the Pakistanis that it is time to bring our boys home unilaterally because Siachen glacier is melting due to presence of forces there and this deployment of force is futile. Apart from the compromised media elements, the political leadership also failed to show solidarity with the defenders of Pakistan immediately after the incident. -
Kargil Vijay Divas
KARGIL VIJAY DIVAS On July 26, 1999, India came out victorious in the Kargil war with the neighbouring country Pakistan. In order to commemorate India’s victory in the war, the Kargil Vijay Diwas is celebrated every year. The Indian soldiers had secured this victory after a three-month conflict that led to a loss of lives from both sides. The Indian side lost nearly 490 officers and soldiers. Kargil Vijay Diwas is observed to honour the war heroes and participants. Every year, the Army organises functions and events across the country.It was on July 26, 1999, that the Indian Army had declared the successful culmination of 'Operation Vijay', declaring a victory after a nearly three-month-long battle on the icy heights of Kargil. India celebrates Kargil Vijay Diwas; nation remembers valour, sacrifice and exemplary courage of our soldiersThe Indian Army responded to the intrusion with 'Operation Vijay', fighting battles on rugged terrains and difficult peaksWar hero Captain Vikram Batra, known as 'Shershaah' of Kargil, sacrificed his life fighting enemy forces at the age of 24 . As India celebrates 21 years of victory in the Kargil war, the nation remembers the valour, sacrifice and exemplary courage of our braves who gave up their present for our future. We recount the valour of India's defence forces who fought back from a position of disadvantage to recapture territories occupied by Pakistan. On this day in 1999, Indian armed forces snatched back one of the most hard-fought victories in history. Sitting on their high vantage points, Pakistan could see Indian Army’s every move, they bombed National Highway 1, Kargil’s only link to rest of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, to block supply lines but Indian troops marched on with aerial support from the Indian Air Force (IAF). -
India 2019 Crime & Safety Report: New Delhi
India 2019 Crime & Safety Report: New Delhi This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India. The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses most of India at Level 2, indicating travelers should exercise increased caution due to crime and terrorism. Some areas have increased risk: do not travel to the state of Jammu and Kashmir (except the eastern Ladakh region and its capital, Leh) due to terrorism and civil unrest; and do not travel to within ten kilometers of the border with Pakistan due to the potential for armed conflict. Overall Crime and Safety Situation The U.S. Embassy in New Delhi does not assume responsibility for the professional ability or integrity of the persons or firms appearing in this report. The American Citizens’ Services unit (ACS) cannot recommend a particular individual or location, and assumes no responsibility for the quality of service provided. Please review OSAC’s India-specific webpage for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. Crime Threats There is moderate risk from crime in New Delhi. Crimes do occur; however, they rarely target foreigners. New Delhi’s largest concern of crime toward foreigners continues to be the verbal and physical harassment of women. A handful of U.S. citizens reported incidents of verbal and physical harassment to the Embassy’s American Citizen Services. Although most victims have been local residents, attacks against female visitors in tourist areas underline the fact that foreign women are also at risk and should exercise vigilance and situational awareness.