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astwh Science 62 (1): 1-11, May 2011

Report of surveys on the early stages of butterflies in the Nanling area (3)

Motohiro HARADA]), Ybshimi OHsHIMA2), Ybshikazu YosHIDA3) and WANG Min4)

i) rlebiro, 703-35 Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa, 248-oo36 Japan 2' 1-34-3 Nurnabukuro, Nakano-ku, [[bkyo, 165-O025 Japan 3) 3-4-8 Ybmemino, Matsubushi-machi Kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama, 343-O1 13 Japan 4)Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 5 10640 China

Abstract This is the third report of surveys on early stages of butterflies in the Nanling area, We observed about 35 more species, including larvae of Agehana elwesi, Lethe satyrina, Lethe trimacula, Sasakia charonda, Nqptis manasa, ova of Chrysoleph.vrus rarasanus, Tbngeia potanini.

Key svords ovum, larva, pupa, Guangdong (China), Agehana et}vesi, Lethe sab?rina, Lethe trimacuta,Sasakiacharonda, Neptis manasa, Chrysozephyrus Kirusanus, 7bngeia potanini, Nanling Nature Reserve.

Introduction Rutaceae

llapilio Citrus sp. Rutaceae We describe a continuing survey on the morphelogy, food prvtenor(Larva) 1 plants, and habits of early stages of butterflies in the PIERIDAE Nanling area (Harada et al,, 2009, 20 1 O), We have visited lhlbotia nagana Larva) Bretschneideiu sinensis the Nanling area twice a year, in summer to study feeding (Ovum, fBretschneideraceae and growth of larvae and the flight of adults, and in win- ter to study hibernation. We have observed many species and have continued to record new data. (-AMPCTHUSIINI)

More than 500 species of butterflies are known from (Pupa) Guangdong, most of them from the Nanling mountain area. (SMYRINAE)

Melanitis teda (Ovum') Miscanthus sp. 1 Gramineae Methods Melanitis phedima (Ovum", Larva) Miscanthus sp, 1 Gramineae The third year expeditions took place from December Lethechristophi l 1--17, 2008, August 6--14, and December 9--17, 2009, (Larva) Phytlostachys sp. 1 Gramineae

During these periods we ebserved Qva, larvae and pupae Lethe helena (Larva) Phytlostachys sp. 1 Gramineae of many species of butterfiies, Lethe satyrina (Larva, Ovum*) Scleria terrestiris 1 Cyperaceae, Miscanthus sp. / Gramineae We also captured the fo1lowing female butterflies and tried to obtain ova" in August. Lethe syreis (Larva) Phyllostachys sp. / Gramineae

sp. Ilapilio nephetus, Melanitis leda, Lethe satyrina, N2?ope IVeopeyama (Ovum)Phyllostachys /Gramineae

m"irheadi, Neorinapatria, }Cpthima conjuncta. Nleqpemuirheadi(Ovum*)Phyltostachyssp./Gramineae

A(ycatesisfiuncisca (Larva) Gramineae Result of Surveys Neorina patria (Ovum') Phyllostachys sp. 1 Gramineae Palaeonympha The additiQnal species of which we fbund early stages, opalina (Larva) PhyUostachys sp. / Gramineae and their food plants are as foIlows: lrPthimapraenubila (Ovum*) Gramineae IVLPILIONIDAE (NYMPHALINAE) lkpilio bianor (Larva) Phellodendron amurense 1 Rutaceae Stihochiona nicea (Larva) Boehmeria macrophytla 1 Urticaceae Ptipilio nephelus (Larva) Pheltodendronamurense /

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t,.tt,,{tG..,ti/.ee.,,t,,ft.,,...t/･.,/.l/t.:../i,/,Sl).

Figs1-14. Agehana etwesi.

1-3: Oyum. 4-5: Food plant (Sascif}us tsumu). Lastinstarlarva. 8:4thinstarlarva.

9: Osmeterium. 1O-11: Last instar larva head.6-7:12-14: Pupa,

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The early stages of butterflies in the Nanling area (3) 3

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15 16

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17 18

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20

22

Figs 15-22. Wing pattern variations ofAgehana elwesi. 15-16: Male (B]aek type), 1 7-18: Female (Black type). 19-20:Ma]e (White spot type). 21-22: Fernale (White spot type).

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Dichorragia nesimachus (Larva) Meliosma sp. 1 Sabiaceae mature leayes as it develops, The 1arva always rests on the upper side of the leaf until the last instan Athymajina (Larva) Lonicera sp. 1 Caprifbliaceae Neptis clinia (Larva) Cettis biondii f Urticaceae Pupa: The pupa is found on the underside of branches or nearby substrates. J"nonia orithya (Larva) Jitsticia sp. / Acanthaceae

IiYCAENIDAE (2) Lethe satyrina (Figs 23-36)

Habitat: Along valleys about 1000m in altitude. 7laraka hamada (Larva) (aphis on Phytlostach>Ts sp, / Gramineae) Larval food plant: Scieria terrestiris / Cyperaceae. (Same Chrysozephyrus rarasanus (Ovum) euerezas sessilijblia as Nbsea hainanensis) / Fagaceae Miscanthus sp, f Gramineae (found by Dr M. Yhgo in June, 2010)Larva: Chr:ysozephyrus ataxus (Ovum) Querc"s sassitijblia / Fagaceae We observed overwintering larvae on leaves, They Contetia comes (Ovum) Carpinus sp. 1Betulaceae feed gradually even in winter. The larvae show two color types, and brown. Cetastrina lavendularis ? (Ovum) Lithocarpus sp. 1 green pale Fagaceae Pupa: The pupa is green in color. Chilades pandava (Ovum, Larva, Pupa) C)Tcas nevolute 1 This is the first report on the early stages. Cycadaceae (3) Lethe trimacuta (Figs 37-48) HESPERIIDAE Habitat: Bright low forest edges along valleys about 1Ooo Satarupa monbeigi (Larva) Zdnthoaylum schinijblium 1 m in altitude, Rutaceae Larval food plant; Scleria terrestris f Cyperaceae Satarupa valentini (Larva) Phellodendron amurense 1 Rutaceae Larya: The larvae are yellowish green in co]or with a black head. They hibernate in the third instan Seseria dohertyi (Larva) Cinnamomum eamphora f Lauraceae Pupa: The pupa is reddish brown in color. Pupation occurs on a low of the food 7lagiades litigiosa (Larva) Dioscorea sp. 1 Dioscoreaceae part plant. This is the first report on the early stages. thgiades menaka (Larva) Dioscorea sp, 1 Dioscoreaceae Nbtocrl>vtacurvijinscia(Larva)Alpiniasp.1Zingiberaceae (4) Sasakia charondu (Figs 49-59) Apostictopterus faliginosus (Larva) PhyUostachys sp, 1 Habitat: Forest about 500-･ 1200m in altitude, Gramineae

We found overwintering larvae in two locations, 7171icota ohara (Larva) Setalia palm(folia f Graminiae

The first was at the fOot of Wushi-shan 500m in altitude, We note some species of particular interest as fo11ows: with a covering of trees of euereus, Castanopsis, Celtis, Machitus, Carpinus, Albizzia, Cr)v)tomeria (1) Agehana etwesi (Figs 1-22) (planted), Bamboos, and bushes of Phyttostachys, Aristlochia, Habitat: A]ong sunlit open valley about 800-･1OOOm in Marsdenia, Ilersicaria, Wburnum, Dioscorea. We found altitude, overwintering larvae under trees of Celtis sinensis and Laryalfoodplant:Liriodendronchinense1Magnoliaceae,C, biondii,

Sasctfras tsumu f Lauraceae The second location was among woods along a valley at The larva fed well on L, tulipijlera, 1200m in altitude, where we also found ova of

Ovum: The ovum, which was fbund on the upper side of Chrysozephyrus rarasanus, We found overwintering larvae young leaves, is ofa similar green color to the young under trees of C, vande mJoetiana, which are 15m in height leaves.Sometimes and 20cm in diameter, but lack spreading branches.

over ten ova were fbund on a leaf, and must In the Nanling area two Sasakia species occur, but have been laid by multiple females. In these cases a high S.,fiinehris is more common, S, charonda is rather rare, percentage of the ova were invaded by parasites. and we found only 7 larvae in four years, in each case Larya: The young larva eats young leayes, and moves to singly beneath the tree,

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Figs 23-36.Lethesatyrina.

23-24: Last instar larva head. 25-28: Last instar larva. 32:Food plant (Scleria terrestiris). 33-34/ Male. 35-36: Female.29-3]:Pupa.

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45 46

47 48

Figs 37-48. Lethe trimacula.

37: Last instar larva head. 38- Pupa. 45-46: Male. 47-48: Female.39:Lastinstarlarva.40-41:4thinstarlarva,42-44:

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The early stages of butterflies in the Nanling area (3) 7

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56 57

58 59

Figs 49-59. Sasakia charonda, 49: Overwintering larva. 50: Last instar 1arva head. 51-5258-59i: Last instar larya,53-54: Pupa, 55: Food plant (Celtis biondii), 56-57: Male, Female,

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Figs60-71.IVeptismanasa.

60: Last instar larva head. 61-62: Last instar 1arva.63: Food plant (Ca rpinus laxij7ora). 64-65: Overwintering larya, 66-68: Pupa, 69-70:Ma]e. 71: Female.

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The early stages of buttertlies in the Nanling area （3＞ 9

： ’ α − many feeding marks were seen on the leaves． The final LarvaHbodplant Ce〜ごs sinensis ， C．biondii， C．v nder ＊ voe 加 πα 1Ulmaceae instar is pale reddish purple in coler． ＊ This is a new fbod plant record ． ID皿 pa： The pupa occurs in two color types ，pale brown and pale green． （5）八Jeptis mana 、sa （Figs 60−71） This is a new food p］ant record ． Habitat： Readsides along valleys about 500m − i400m in altitude ． Acknowledgments Larval food p苴ant ： Carpinus laxiYlo厂a ， C ． londoniana！ We would 1ike to express our cordial thanks to Mr Kazuhiko Betulaceae Morishita， MrsYbshiko Igarashi， Dr MasayaYago and Dr Larva： until the th孟rd instar the young larva leaves the Mamoru Owada fbr their kind and usefUl suggestions ．We midrib uneaten ， and makes a frass chain at its tip． deeply thank the late Dr Sumihiko Hatsushima f（）r iden−

Many larvae were found on dry leaves of trees growing tification of f（〕od plants， and Mr Gong Yuening of The

on sunny roadsides ． Nanling National Nature Reserve fbr his kind treatment f（）rthe pr（）ject， and also Dr Chen Liusheng of Shihezi Pupa； Pupation takes place on a dry leaf． University fbr his cooperation and assistance ． This isthe first report on the early stages ． This study is partly supported by National Natural Science − （6）Ch りysozephyrus raras αnus （Figs 72 84） Foundation of P， R． China（No ，30570211，40971037）

Habitat： In forest along narrow valleys at altitudes of − about l OOO 1200m ， populated by trees such as Fagus， Refe『ences Cas’α π ρρ∫ ’∫，伽 傭 ∫ ， Ca rp 伽 ∫， Mach ご瓜 Ce 〜tご∫ ， Ac8r， Harada， M ，，YOhshima ，Y ， Yoshida and M ． Wang ， 2009． Report 漁 π 0 ”α ’ん α η α κ ガ廓 α 召ntho λ 伽 配 8 ， Acan ρρ ， Rol ， Z ツ ， Prunu5 of surveys on the early stages of butterflies in the Nanl正ng and shrubs of Cyperaceae， Poaceae， Zingiberaceae， D ト a 「ea （1）． Trans． lepid． Soc．ノとlpan 60 ： 117−124， oscoreaceae and Urticacae in the understory ． ， Harada， M ．，Y． Ohshima， Y． Yoshida， and M ． Wang，2010． Report

of surveys on the early stages of butter伍 es in the Nanling Larval food plants： Quercus sessiUfotia l Fagaceae − area （2）．7｝ans ． lepid． Soc． Japan 61 ：58 67． Ovum ： The ovum is white in color about LOmm in di− − ， Koiwaya ， S．1989． S加 dies Qf Chinese Butterflies Vol．1．Per ameter large fbr this ， （ genus） sonal publication． Tokyo． The ovum is laid singly at the base of a bud within a − cluster of dormant buds at the tips of twigs approxi 〜 摘 要 mately 4 6 m above the ground」t is found only on green type buds， not on brown type buds． 広東省南嶺地 域 に お け る 蝶 の 幼生 期 の 調査 （3）（原 田 基 ・ ・ ・ 弘 大島良．美 吉 田良和 王 敏 ） Larva： The last instar larva is reddish brown in co 】or， The

． larvafed well on Qther guercus． 我 々 は 2006 年 の 秋か ら広東省北 部に位置す る 南嶺山地周 the record the area Thisis first from Nanling ． 辺 に於 い て 蝶 の 幼生期探 査 の プ ロ ジ ェ ク トを続け て きた 一 が，2009 年冬期 で 応 の 区切 りを つ け，こ れ まで の 成果 を − （7）Tongeia potanini （Figs 85 95） 川頁次報告 して い く．しか し，調査 研 究途 ．ヒの 種 類 もあ り，

今後 も機会を得 て こ の プ ロ ジ ェ ク トは 継続 して い くつ も り Habitat： near wet rocky cliffs along valleys where the 〜 で あ る ． f（）od p且ant grows， abo 戚 500 1200m in altitude ． 今 回 の 調査報告 で は 約35種 の 蝶 の 幼生 が 観察解明され た． Larval food plants：Oreocharis auricula ／ Gesneriaceae そ れ らの 食餌植 物 を示 す と ともに ，シ ナ フ トオ ア ゲ ハ ，マ We feund ova and larvae on the reddish purple fiowers． ル バ ネ ク ロ ヒ カ ゲ モ ドキ ，ト リ マ ク ラ ク ロ ヒ カ ゲ ，オ オ ム Boea rufescens was also reported by Koiwaya （1989）at ラ サキ，ミ ナ ミ キイ ロ ミ ス ジ，ラ ラ サ ン ミ ドリ シ ジ ミ ，ポ Shilin（Yunnan，1800m in altitude ）． タ ニ ン ク ロ ツ バ メ シ ジ ミ に つ い て 記述 し ，生態お よ びそ れ Oyum ： The ovum is laid singly on the flewers， and ispale ら の 食樹の 写真 を示 し た ． bluish white in color ． （Received December 21，2010． Accepted February 9，2011） Larva： The larvae are found on the flowers． They eat only

nowers in su eL 細 id not 負nd l躙 e inwinteralthough

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･- -// 79 80

･･N 81 82

Figs 72-84. Chrysolephyrus ratusanus.

72-73: Ovum. 74-75: Last instar larva. 76-77: Habitat at Nanling area about 1000 m-1200 m. 79-80: Male. 81-82: Female,Pupa.83-84:78:Foodplant(Quercussessilijblia).

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92 93 -95. Figs 85 7bngeia potanini, 85-86: Ovum, 87-88:Last instar larva.89: Food plant (Ofieocharis auricula).90-91: Male. 92-93: Female. 94-95: Pupa.

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