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TECHNICAL REPORT: Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn

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TECHNICAL REPORT: Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn TECHNICAL REPORT Polyculture of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and cascadura Hoplosternum lottorale in earthen ponds in Trinidad By GREGORY C. DE SOUZA, PAUL W. GABBADON AND ADDISON S. TITUS INSTITUTE OF MARINE AFFAIRS February 1995 (Revised, 2008) ABSTRACT The feasibility of polyculture of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the armoured catfish or cascadura Hoplosternum littorale was tested at the Institute of Marine Affairs, Trinidad. Three grow out trials were conducted in triplicate in 0.02 ha earthen ponds. Cascadura fry and nursery reared post larval prawns were each stocked at 50,000 ha-1 in Trial I, 30,000 ha-1 and 100,000 ha-1 respectively in Trial II; and 25,000 ha-1 and 75,000 ha-1 respectively in Trial III. Results of Trial III were disregarded because of problems with the feed. Survival rates averaged 89.3% and 72.1% for cascadura and prawn respectively in Trial I, and 85.3% and 78.6% in Trial II. Overall food conversions for Trials I and II averaged 2.9 and 3.3 respectively. Average annual yields from Trial I were 9,306 kg ha-1yr-1 and 3,316 kg ha-1yr-1 for cascadura and prawn respectively, and 5,118 kg ha-1yr-1 and 4,241 kg ha-1yr-1 in Trial II, showing an overall enhanced production over monoculture systems. An examination of the prawn morphotype biomass distribution showed that the larger prawns, blue claw and orange claw males, averaged 54.8% and 44.2% of the total prawn biomass for Trials I and II respectively which compares favourably with monoculture systems. ii TECHNICAL REPORT – Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn and Cascadura in Earthen Ponds in Trinidad TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT i 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 3.0 RESULTS 3 3.1 Trial I 3 3.2 Trial II 4 3.3 Trial III 5 3.4 Prawn Morphotype Yields 5 4.0 DISCUSSION 7 5.0 REFERENCES 10 6.0 APPENDIX 13 iii TECHNICAL REPORT – Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn and Cascadura in Earthen Ponds in Trinidad LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE 1: Summary of results of polyculture Trial I using -1 stocking Densities of 50,000ha for Macrobrachium rosenbergii And 50,000 ha-1 for Hoplosternum littorale 3 TABLE 2: Summary of results of polyculture Trial II using stocking Densities of 100,000 ha-1 for -1 Macrobrachium rosenbergii and 30,000 ha Hoplosternum littorale 4 TABLE 3: Yields obtained for Macrobrachium rosenbergii Morphotypes at harvest for a stocking density of 50,000 ha-1 in polyculture with -1 Hoplosternum littorale at 50,000 ha 5 TABLE 4: Yields obtained for Macrobrachium rosenbergii Morphotypes at harvest for a stocking density -1 of 100,000 ha in polyculture with Hoplosternum littorale at 30,000 ha-1 6 iv TECHNICAL REPORT – Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn and Cascadura in Earthen Ponds in Trinidad 1.0 INTRODUCTION observations in indoor glass tanks, once daily at midmorning. Quanity both species appear to be of feed was calculated from Polyculture, or the culture of more compatible. Experiments were stocking to harvest as a decreasing than one aquatic species at the designed for pond polyculture trials percentage (15% to 3%) of the same time in the same system, utilizing the IMA’s outdoor pond estimated total standing biomass in was first documented by the facility. the pond. This was based on Chinese in efforts to increase biweekly sampling. The ponds production in carp culture ponds. It were sampled using a 2.5mm square mesh knotless seine to has been practiced to effectively 2.0 MATERIALS AND obtain estimates of the average control overbreeding in mixed-sex METHODS culture ponds by introducing weights of fish and prawns in the predatory species, to improve pond pond. Cascadura fry and nursery reared environment by the use of algal prawn post-larvae produced at the and macrophytic grazers and to Ponds were harvested after a Institute were stocked at varying limit the extent of anaerobic growout period of approximately densities into freshly filled earthen conditions at the pond bottom 133 days by lowering the pond ponds of approximately 0.2 (Little and Muir 1987). For various water level to a depth of 0.5m and hectares (20 x 10m) area. All trials reasons, however, polyculture removing most of the animals in were conducted in triplicate at two seine hauls. Ponds were then remains an inexact science. densities based on previous totally drained and the remaining monoculture trials. Stocking Inter-specific interactions, including animals were collected by hand densities were 50,000 ha-1 for each predation, competition for available and dipnet. species in Trial I; 100,000 ha-1 for oxygen, space and food and prawn and 30,000ha-1 for problems with increased biomass Individuals of each species were cascadura in Trial II; and 75,000 as it relates to water quality, are counted and weighed to determine ha-1 for prawn and 25,000 ha-1 for some of the major constraints. survival rates and average cascadura in Trial III. The stocking Other considerations include individual weights. Prawns were sizes of the post-larval prawns and synchronization of attainment of categorized as small males, orange cascadura fry averaged 0.7g and market size of product at harvest claw males, blue claw males, 0.8g respectively. (McGinty and Alston 1987) and berried females and non-berried selective feeding of different females. Food conversions were Water was supplied from an species (Cohen and Ra’anan 1983). determined from total weight of underground well and pumped food put into the pond and total directly to the ponds. All ponds In Trinidad and Tobago, where biomass at harvest. Extrapolated used in these trials were aerated -1 land resources are limited, more yields of kg ha and annual yields by the use of a 0.5hp air blower of kg ha-1 yr-1 were determined intensive systems of aquaculture situated indoors. Water was added are to be encouraged. Although from the harvested biomass and daily to replace evaporation and some polyculture has been growout period. seepage losses. Water quality was practiced in the past, this was done monitored daily to ensure that generally on a poorly managed 3.0 RESULTS dissolved oxygen levels above 3.0 extensive scale (Manwarring and ppm and pH values between 7.0 Romano 1990), resulting in and 8.5 were maintained. Algal 3.1 Trial I relatively low and unpredictable concentration was monitored daily yields. using a secchi disc and visibility Summaries of survival rates, was maintained at levels greater average harvest weights, biomass, The Institute of Marine Affairs than 40 cm. Adjustments to pH food conversions and extrapolated (IMA), as a part of its aquaculture and algal concentrations were yields for Trial I are presented in research programme, conducted effected by a gradual exchange of Table 1. polyculture trials utilizing the exotic pond water with well water of pH giant freshwater prawn 6.7. Prawn survival for the stocking Macrobrachium rosengergii -1 density of 50,000 ha in this trail (Palaemonidae) and the Both species were fed a 35% crude ranged from 44.2% to 87.0% and indigenious armoured catfish or protein pelleted sinking ration averaged 72.1%. Average cascadura Hoplosternum littorale supplied by a local feed mill. Ponds individual harvest weight ranged (Callichthydae). This fits in with were fed twice daily with equal from 29.0g to 36.7g with a mean the overall objectives of the quantities at early morning and value of 33.9g. Prawn biomass at research programme which include late afternoon, except on harvest ranged from 15.53kg to maximizing the potential of the weekends when they were fed 29.79kg, averaging 23.3kg. target species. Based on 1 TECHNICAL REPORT – Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn and Cascadura in Earthen Ponds in Trinidad Table 1: Summary of results of polyculture Trial I using stocking densities of 50,000 ha-1 for Macrobrachium rosenbergii and 50,000 ha-1 for Hoplosternum littorale Pond Average Survival Biomass at Food Yield Annual Yield No. Harvest Harvest Conversion kg ha-1 kg ha-1yr-1 Weight kg g 1 * 74.60 89.0 63.43 2.80 3,321 9,183 + 36.70 85.0 29.79 1,560 4,313 2 * 83.20 83.4 67.62 3.20 3,468 9,589 + 36.00 44.2 15.53 796 2,202 3 * 69.20 95.6 64.50 2.70 3,308 9,147 + 29.00 87.0 24.58 1,261 3,434 Mean * 75.67±7.06 89.30±6.11 65.18±2.18 2.90±0.26 3,366±88.80 9,306±245.46 ± sd + 33.90±4.26 72.10±24.15 23.30±7.22 1,206±384.61 3,316±1,060.41 * Hoplosternum littorale + Macrobrachium rosenbergii 3.2 Trial II 3.3 Trial III constituted an average of 54.8% of the prawn biomass, whereas Summaries of survival rates, Results of this trial were females, both berried and spent, average harvest weight, biomass, disregarded because of problems made up an average of 33.7% and food conversions and extrapolated with the palletized ration. Because small males an average of 11.4%. yields for Trial II are presented in of a shortage in the country at the In Pond 2, where prawn survival Table 2. time of the trial, the fish meal was lowest (44.2%) average constituent of the feed was wholly individual weights were highest for Prawn survival from the stocking substituted with soya bean meal to all morphotypes except the small density of 100,000 ha-1 used in this build up the protein content in the males.
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