Chloe Louidor December 4th 2020 HUM2420: African Humanities with Dr. Sarah Cervone The That Affected the World Introduction Coffee beans from Ethiopia have spread around the world Ethiopia, Africa and made an impact on the Stringer, Paul. Depositphotos, 10 Oct. 2014, Coffee's Culture depositphotos.com/55137089/stock-photo- culture in different countries. map-of-africa-with-a.html. The spread caused innovations Coffee was the drink of wisdom in the Arab states. in coffee brewing, to be People would consume coffee during social discovered and spread as a gathering and coffee houses were places where result. These innovations people could catch up on news. Because of this, they Ethiopean coffee famers were given the names “Schools of the Wise” (“History allowed for new kinds of coffee StrinFairtrade Foundation. Fair Trade Foundation, to be produced. www.fairtrade.org.uk/Farmers-and-Workers/Coffee/. of Coffee”). In Europe, coffee was the drink of intelligent. The English felt that the beverage promoted academic discourse, which is why they gave the name “penny universities” (Standage 158). In France, a was where the French Revolution began (Standage 167-70). Brewing Methods One of the most well-known methods of brewing is . It is both a method of brewing and a drink which originates in Italy in the 19 century A bar graph of the major coffee producing countries (“The Long History of the ”). Slavova, G., and V. Georgieva. “World Production of Coffee Imports and Exports in Europe, Another method for brewing espresso is a Moka Bulgaria and USA.” Trakia Journal of Sciences , vol. 17, 2019, p. 621. Academic Search Complete, doi:10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.098. pot. It also originated from Italy but has since made a name for itself in Cuban coffee (Angwloni et al. Socio-Hisotrical Context 1329 and “Cafe cubano”). A popular Southeast The coffee plant originates from Ethiopia and was Asian brewing technique is the Vietnamese dripper first cultivated by the Abyssinians (Reich 9). Arab (or Phin). It was created in the 1700’s during the peninsula started to roast and export coffee beans colonization of Vietnam by the Dutch and French on the Silk Road. Europeans started to acquire a Vietnamese Phin (“History of Vietnamese Coffee”). taste for coffee and wanted to produce it (Slavova Tathanhtuan. Pixabay, 13 Mar. 2020, pixabay.com/photos/coffee-vietnam- and Georgieva 619). The Arabs had the monopoly vietnamese-robusta-4847393/. Drinks Created on coffee up until 1960’s until the Dutch, French, Espresso is used to make many of the popular and Spanish acquired the beans and used their Conclusion coffee drinks. One is the Americano,espresso mixed Latin colonies to farm coffee plantations (Standage Coffee has been an influential with hot water. Created during World War 2, it was 147). Millions of enslaved people from Africa were drink in different countries and made for American soldiers, who prefer a lighter sent to work them (Reich 10). has helped to lead to the mixing tasting coffee. It is consumed around the world(“39 Different Types of Coffee Drinks-The Complete List”). of cultures. In 2020, there may be Next is Cafe con Leche, which translates to “coffee References a coffee shortage due to the “History of Vietnamese Coffee.” Saigon Coffee House SA, 13 Mar. 2018, saigoncoffeehouse.com/blogs/news/history- with ”. With origins in Spain, it can be found in of-Vietnamese-coffee. COVID-19 global pandemic in Hudson, Myles. “Cafe Cubano: Coffee, History, & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 16 Dec. 2019, many Spanish speaking countries (“What is Cafe Con www.britannica.com/topic/Cafe-Cubano. 2021 because migrant workers Kanniah, Janice Chinna. “What Is A Café Con Leche.” Perfect Daily Grind, 21 Sept. 2020, Leche). A drink without espresso is Ca Phe Sua Da, perfectdailygrind.com/2020/09/what-is-a-cafe-con-leche. Melhuish, Nick. “Ca Phe Sua Da - History and Origins.” LONDON SAIGON COFFEE COMPANY, 14 Sept. 2018, needed to harvest coffee cannot londonsaigon.com/ca-phe-sua-da. which translates to “ ice”. From Vietnam, it Pavlovich, Sasha. “39 Different Types of Coffee Drinks - the Complete List.” CoffeeHow, 26 June 2020, leave their home countries due to coffeehow.co/coffee-drink-tSchroeder, Elizabeth. was fashioned after World War 1 when the French “Covid-19 Delays 2020 Coffee Harvest As Prices Weaken.” Farmer’s Weekly, Farmer’s Weekly Magazine, 14 July 2020, www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/world/covid-19-delays-2020-coffee-harvest-as-prices-weaken. heavy travel restrictions (“COVID- brought over coffee and to the Slavova, G., and V. Georgieva. “World Production of Coffee Imports and Exports in Europe, Bulgaria and Usa.” Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 17, no. Supplement 1, Sept. 2019, pp. 619–626. EBSCOhost, doi:10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.098. 19 Delays 2020 Coffee Harvest as general public (“Ca Phe Sua Da- History and Standage, Tom. “Coffee in the Age of Reason.” A History of the World in 6 Glasses, Annotated, Walker Publishing Company, 2006, pp. 133–75. Stamp, Jimmy. “The Long History of the Espresso Machine.” Smithsonian Magazine, 19 June 2012, Prices Weaken”). Origins”). www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-long-history-of-the-espresso-machine- 126012814/#:%7E:text=Though%20there%20were%20surely%20innumerable,confection%20of%20coffee%20bevera ge.%E2%80%9D%20The.