D EATH YALLEX >IATIONAbMONUMENr Calitorniahi UNITED STATES Historic Events DEPARTMENT OF THE 1844 Fremont party, following old Spanish Trail, camped within sight of south NATIONAL INTERIOR OPEN end of Death Valley. MONUMENT Harold L. Ickes, Secretary 1849 Jayhawkers, Georgians, Bennett ALL party, and others entered valley YEAR through Furnace Creek on Christ­ 1 mas Day. 19 4- 1856 First General Land Office survey of Death Valley. 1860 Darwin French and S. G. George NATIONAL PARK SERVICE prospecting parties explored Pana- FURNACE CREEK ENTRANCE Newton B. Drury, Director mints and parts of valley, giving many place names still in use. 1861 Lieutenant Ives explored region for EATH VALLEY National cipitous slopes of the Funeral Range C o xrr e nrr s California Boundary Commission, Monument was created by bounding it on the east. Running in using camels as pack animals. Pros­ Presidential proclamation a general northwesterly direction, pecting parties active. D View from Zabriskie Point on February 11, 1933, and enlarged the valley is narrow in comparison 1864 Jacob Breyfogle lost the famed Brey- to its present dimensions on March to its length, ranging from 4 miles or Cover fogle mine. 26, 1937. Embracing 2,981 square less in width at constricted points to 1870 Bellerin Tex Bennett started Furnace History 4 miles, or nearly 2 million acres of perhaps 16 miles at its widest part. Creek Ranch. primitive, unspoiled desert country, It is a region of superlatives. Approx­ 1871 Further explorations for Government Indians 6 it is the second largest area adminis­ imately 550 square miles of the valley by Wheeler and Lyle. tered by the National Park Service floor are below sea level; and Bad- 1872 Panamint mines discovered. Pana- Wildlife 6 in the United States proper. water, 280 feet below that plane, is mint booms in 1874. Famed as the scene of a tragic epi­ the lowest land in the entire Western Plants 8 1873 First discovered in valley. sode in the gold-rush drama of '49, Hemisphere. , tower­ Monument Nursery ... 10 1875 Further exploration by Lt. Rogers Death Valley has long been known ing 11,325 feet above the valley floor, Birnie. to scientist and layman alike as a probably stands higher above its im­ Geology 10 1880 Aaron Winters sold borax claims for region rich in scientific and human mediate surroundings than any other $20,000. Borax industry in valley interest. Its distinctive types of scen­ in the 48 States. Death started. How To Reach Death ery, its geological phenomena, its Valley held, until quite recently, a 1891 Biological expedition by Merriam, flora, and climate are not duplicated world's record for high temperatures, Palmer, Coville, and others. Valley 13 by any other area open to general and it is one of the driest places in the 1904 Goldfield mining boom, resulting in travel. In all ways it is different and West. In a standard thermometer to mining camps of Rhyolite, Skidoo, unique. Administration 14 1908 Greenwater, etc. shelter at Furnace Creek a maximum The monument is situated in the air temperature of 134° F. in the 1926 Stovepipe Wells and Furnace Creek Rangers 14 to Inn established. Eichbaum toll rugged desert region lying east of the shade has been recorded. On the salt 1927 road built from Darwin. Beginning High Sierra in eastern California and flats near Badwater, in the deepest Naturalist Service .... 14 of tourist traffic to valley. southwestern Nevada. The valley part of the valley, it has probably 1933 Death Valley National Monument itself is about 140 miles in length, been hotter still. These extreme tem­ Free Public Campground . 15 established. with the forbidding peratures, of course, are unknown 1937 Boundaries of monument extended. forming the western wall and the pre- except during the summer months. Accommodations .... 15 2 Death Valley National Monument 3 morale. Losing all semblance of sites. Sometimes the prospectors order, the train split up in every struck it rich in the rugged peaks direction. Some went up the valley; and barren canyons that shut the some turned to the south. The Jay- valley in from the surrounding, less hawker party and a few others, aban­ forbidding desert. Itinerant prospec­ doning most of their equipment, tors prodded their burros from one found their way eventually over spring to the next, following Indian passes in the Panamints, and crossed trails or beating out new tracks, and the and the Mojave crossed and recrossed the ranges from Desert. Suffering tremendous hard­ one end of the valley to the other. ships, and losing a number of their Sometimes they were careless or not members, they finally reached the acquainted with the country. They coast. missed the springs, lost their burros, The Bennett-Arcane party, how­ or lingered too long on the floor of the ever, crossed the salt flats and camped valley in summer. Their carcasses, for 3 weeks in the vicinity of what dried and picked clean by kit fox and is now called Bennetts Well. Manly raven, were found eventually and and Rogers were sent on ahead in a buried beside the trail. V. S. Army Air Corps photo desperate attempt to find a way to Borax was finally responsible for PLANES FLY OVER THE VALLEY AS TELESCOPE PEAK LOOMS IN THE BACKGROUND civilization and to bring help if the partial taming of the valley. In possible. Making a trip of heroic the 80's, "cotton-ball" borax was Through the winter season, from late remaining unexplored until that date proportions, they finally returned refined at the old Harmony Mill, and October until May, the climate is is that possibly the aborigines had and led their party through to the freighted over agonizing miles of ideal. The days are warm and sunny warned any would-be discoverers to coastal region without further loss of desert in huge, high-wheeled wagons for the most part, and the nights are stay away from "Tomesha" (mean­ life. Pausing on the crest of the Pana­ drawn by strings of 20 mules. A rail­ cool and invigorating. The valley is ing "ground-afire"), the Indian name mints, the weary emigrants looked road was built to the edge of the famous for consistently fair weather, for Death Valley. back across the valley, that tremen­ valley when richer deposits were dis­ lack of rainfall, and extremely low The Spaniards of early California dous barrier that had caused so covered. Walter Scott, ex-cowboy of humidity. One record for an entire may have been in Death Valley, but much privation and suffering, and Buffalo Bill fame, through publicity year showed 351 clear days; and the if so, no record remains. cried, "Good-bye, Death Valley." for himself and the region became average annual precipitation over a It is also possible that John Charles It has never known another English known as Death Valley Scotty. Ad­ period of many years is 1.4 inches. Fremont, in 1844, saw the extreme name. venturous visitors drove their cars The majority of the areas under southern end from where his party In the next few years some of the into the valley, cursed its then abom­ the jurisdiction of the National Park camped; but it remained for a band Forty-niners, undaunted, returned as inable roads, but came again. With Service are best known for their sum­ of half-starved emigrants, pushing guides or on their own to prospect, all America on wheels, it was inevi­ mer attractions. Death Valley rounds westward on a supposed shortcut to and to search for the Lost Gunsight table that Death Valley would come out the system by providing recrea­ the newly discovered gold fields, silver lode. Gradually the country be­ into its own as a national playground-. tion and inspiration in a vast colorful actually to discover Death Valley in came better known. Panamint, and Development of the monument has area of mild winter climate. the winter of 1849. They were lost in later Skidoo, Greenwater, and other taken place rapidly. The construc­ the wilderness, hungry and sick of picturesque mining camps lived their tion of monument roads and trails, HISTORY the trail, and the wide salt floor of the short lives and died, leaving only buildings and campgrounds, water The first recorded discovery of Death valley with the towering Panamints tumbled shacks, weathered timbers, supply and sanitation, has been Valley is in 1849. A conjecture for its beyond were a last blow to their and broken bottles to mark their accomplished through CCC enrollee

4 Death Valley National Monument Death Valley National Monument 5 20-MULE TEAM HAULING BORAX ACROSS DEATH VALLEY IN THE '80S THE "HORNED TOAD," BLENDING WITH THE SAND AND ROCKS, OFTEN REMAINS UNSEEN labor, supervised by National Park coming of the white man their num­ food; and consequently only the salt troduced by prospectors as pack ani­ Service experts. The aim of the bers were decimated by disease and flats, with no vegetation, are barren mals, but have long since gone wild Service has been to make Death loss of old customs and arts; but the of all life. and increased in numbers. Valley accessible and safe, without damage wrought by civilization is Some 26 species of mammals have Lizards of a dozen or more species altering its rugged beauty and charm. being repaired. A new Indian village been recorded below the sea-level are abundant, except for a short pe­ of adobe cabins has been constructed contour, and many more live only at riod of hibernation in the winter. by the Government just south of higher elevations. The most com­ INDIANS They range in size from the huge but Furnace Creek Ranch. Baskets and monly seen rodent is the antelope harmless chuckawalla to the tiny FOR CENTURIES the Death Valley re­ other handicraft of the Indians are on ground squirrel, but kangaroo rats, banded gecko, weak and thin-skinned gion has been inhabited by a small display and for sale in the new trad­ wood rats, and several other types in­ and often mistaken for the young of offshoot of the Shoshone Nation, called ing post. Once more the Panamints habit the mesquite thickets and even some larger kind. Snakes are com­ the Panamint Indians. Driven from are a self-sustaining tribe. the scantily vegetated rock slopes and paratively rare, the valley floor being their homes to the North many gen­ alluvial fans. Several carnivores, in­ too hot for most species during the erations back, the Panamints gravi­ WILDLIFE cluding the kit fox and coyote, are summer months. tated to Death Valley, where they occasionally glimpsed along the roads Approximately 170 species of birds were least molested by their more Animal life is 'surprisingly abundant in the evening. have been recorded below sea level. warlike brother. Capable of great in the monument, in contrast to the In the high country are several Most of them are only migrants or endurance, ingenious in the utiliza­ popular belief that nothing lives or hundred head of the desert bighorn. winter visitors, and include a surpris­ tion of every edible or otherwise grows in Death Valley. True, few On the verge of extinction in other ingly large number of water birds, useful plant, eating any animal that animals are seen by the casual visitor, parts of their range, they are appar­ but 14 species make the valley floor they could shoot or catch, following because most of them are nocturnal, ently increasing in the monument their permanent home. The big black the seasons in incessant migration and all are shy. Many are so adapted under rigorous protection. Wild bur­ desert raven is the one most com­ from valley floor to mountain crest, to desert conditions that they obtain ros are numerous, particularly in the monly noted. they managed to survive. With the all the moisture needed from their Panamint Range. They were first in­ Insects abound but almost never

6 Death Valley National Monument Death Valley National Monument 7 AVOCETS ARE OCCASIONAL VISITORS TO THE MONUMENT STUDYING THE NATURAL PHENOMENA WITH THE REGULAR NATURALIST prove annoying. Even fish are not Over most of the low country there is Under the right conditions, during Valley sage, known only from this left out of the faunal picture, as two a scattered growth of drought-resist­ the springs following heavy winter region, grows in shady, dry canyons. species of Cyprinodons, or "desert ing shrubs, interspersed with some rains, the Death Valley flower show A dozen species of cacti include the sardines," live in the saline waters of herbaceous perennials. is worth traveling many miles to see. beaver-tail, cotton-top, and cholla. Salt Creek and Saratoga Springs. Then the desert blossoms like a garden. Cactus flowers add their tones to the Dozens of varieties of annuals carpet general symphony of color in the PLANTS the fans, washes, and canyons. These spring. Among the herbaceous peren­ More than 560 species of native include, among many others, nine nials are the rare bear poppy, with plants are known from the Death evening primroses, several phacelias, peculiar bluish foliage covered with Valley watershed in the monument. the desert sunflower, and the exqui­ long, white hairs: and the wet-leaf, Since the Death Valley expedition of site "fivespot," or Chinese lantern. whose leaves are always moist, even 1891 this region has been famous for They spring up quickly, bloom and under the burning sun of the dry the number of new and rare species produce their seeds, then wither and washes where it grows. Several species discovered here, and more are being die with the coming of summer. The of desert mariposa lilies bloom in the found as time goes on. In spite of ex­ scattered seeds lie in the dust-dry soil high country, along with the mallow, treme desert conditions it is only on to await the favoring rains of some lupine, astragulus, and many others, the Devils Golf Course and the alkali following year. providing a flower display that lasts flats that nothing whatever grows. Perhaps the most typical of the well into the summer. Even here, at the very edge of the many shrubs are the desert holly and Perhaps the most extraordinary salt, is found the light green iodine- the Covillea, or creosote bush, both thing about Death Valley plants is bush, the plant that is more resistant of which thrive on the alluvial fans the strange provisions by which the than any other to salt and alkali. THE SNOWY EGRET, ALSO A RARE VISITOR and elsewhere. The beautiful Death shrubs keep alive during the burning

8 Death Valley National Monument Death Valley National Monument 9 heat and dryness of summer. They The rock column in the monument reduce the evaporation of moisture represents a tremendous span of geo­ from their surface in many ways; by logic time, including all the great having no leaves, as in most of the divisions, called eras, and even the cacti; very small leaves, or leaves subdivisions or periods of most of reduced to scales; leaves that are them. It is one of the most complete varnished, or that drop off with the geologic sections in America. If the ccming of summer; and leaves that strata were pieced together and re­ have a dense covering of scales, as in stored to their proper sequence, their the desert holly, Death Valley sage, total thickness would probably ex­ and others. Some shrubs combine two ceed 12 miles. Recurrent earth move­ or three of these adaptations, and ments have been so intense, however, most of them have long roots which that the rock masses form a jumble of penetrate deeply into the moisture soil displaced crustal blocks, isolated from far below the surface. one another by folding, faulting, tilt­ ing, igneous intrusion and burial un­ MONUMENT NURSERY der more recent . At any Many of the plants native to the val­ one locality, therefore, the sequence ley may be seen growing at the is incomplete, and can be understood nursery near the monument head­ only by examination of the area as a quarters. Here plants are grown for whole. HIGHLY COLORED BADLANDS AT ZABRISKIE POINT use in replanting and landscaping. The oldest geologic era, the Archeo­ The nursery is open to the public zoic, is represented by the basal rocks ean rocks they have been changed life that each contains. Thus for tens from 9 to 11 in the morning and from of the region. Great thicknesses of (metamorphosed) but little. They of millions of years this general region 1 to 4 in the afternoon. gneiss, schist, quartzite, marble, and consist of limestone, slates, and quartz- was intermittently beneath the sea, other types of metamorphic (altered) GEOLOGY ites, and a dark volcanic rock now and thousands of feet of limestones rocks are exposed over large areas in altered to greenstone. Some of the and other marine sediments were Death Valley has often been de­ the Panamint, Black, and Funeral limestone beds contain fossils of prim­ built up. North of the central part of scribed as a vast geologic museum, , the overlying sediments itive algae, representing one of the the valley the mountains on either only a small portion of which has having been eroded away. Once these oldest known evidences of life. The side are made up largely of these been catalogued. Formerly so inacces­ Archean rocks were ordinary lime­ sible and forbidding, it has been little rocks of this era are vividly colored in rocks; and a fine section of these dark stones, shales, sandstones, and gran­ studied; and it will be several years contrast to the somber tones of the colored Paleozoic sediments may be ites; but they have been greatly before more than a superficial under­ underlying Archean rocks. They may seen along the northern side of changed by heat and pressure during standing of its geologic phenomena be seen on either side of the valley Furnace Creek Wash. their billion or more years of existence. can be obtained. Enough is already near its southern end. The Mesozoic era, which succeeded known to indicate that a remarkable The succeeding group of rocks, those Next in turn comes the huge thick­ the Paleozoic, is represented by gran­ geologic story can eventually be told. of the Proterozoic era, are also tre­ ness of Paleozoic rocks, separated ite which forced its way into the For a more comprehensive and mendously old, but much younger from those below by a profound break Paleozoic and older rocks; and by detailed account the reader is referred than the Archean rocks. They were in the geologic record, called an un­ sediments and volcanic rocks whose to the supplementary pamphlet avail­ laid down only after the Archean conformity. All of the great rock sys­ exact age has yet to be determined. able at the office of the park natural­ rocks had been planed off by , tems of this era are represented in A large area of the granite is exposed ist, and to the more technical papers a process requiring a very long period the monument. They have been iden­ in the mountains immediately north listed therein. of time. As compared with the Arch- tified by the fossil remains of marine of Townes Pass.

10 Death Valley National Monument Death Valley National Monument 11 The close of the Mesozoic era was Death Valley region millions of years accompanied by intense earth move­ ago. Strange enough, no bones of the ments followed by long continued animals that made the tracks have erosion, so that the next series of rocks yet been found. Such tracks have (Tertiary system) were deposited on been seldom discovered elsewhere, the beveled edges of the older rocks. but apparently conditions for their None of the Tertiary rocks were preservation were ideal in this region. formed in the sea. They include Other types of fossils, such as fish, large amounts of volcanic rocks, in­ shell fish, and plant remains are also dicating that the Tertiary was a known, and eventually a fairly com­ period of long continued vulcanism plete idea of the life of the Tertiary in this region. Lava flows, ash and period in Death Valley will be ob­ other kinds of volcanic rock, as well tained. as water-laid sediments such as shale, The Tertiary rocks are best devel­ limestone, sandstone and conglomer­ oped along the road from Furnace ate, make up the great thicknesses of Creek to Dantes View, but are Tertiary rocks that account for most found at various places throughout of Death Valley's unique coloring. the monument. Great deposits of Apparently there were earth move­ borates and other nonmetallics have WITHIN THE MONUMENT ARE 225 MILES OF OILED ROADS TO POINTS OF INTEREST ments at various times throughout made them commercially important the Tertiary period. Folding and in the past. primarily to compressional folding faulting formed undrained basins that however, there were no glaciers. Pleistocene or ice age time is usually Instead, a large lake occupied a large and fracturing of the earth's crust, were occupied by intermittent lakes, represented by glaciation. Here, and eventually filled by sediments. portion of the valley floor, and its and not, like the Grand Canyon, to During early Tertiary time the climate shore lines or terraces can be seen at erosion. It was probably blocked out was comparatively humid, but ap­ various places in the southern half of in its present form in late Tertiary parently has become progressively the valley. The "salts" at the salt and early Pleistocene time. Death more arid, up to the present. flats and the Devils Golf Course were Valley is a classic example of the com­ the last minerals to be deposited, as plex, tremendous geologic forces that Fossil mammals found in the older the lake dried up with the coming of have been at work in the past and that Tertiary rocks, represented by the the present extremely arid climate. are, in part, still active in this region. Titus Canyon formation (Oligocene), The alluvial fans, particularly those include a Titanotherium, a huge of the west side, were also built HOW TO REACH DEATH animal distantly related to the mod­ largely during the latter part of the VALLEY ern rhinoceros; and a small three- Pleistocene, and their growth has By Automobile.—All but one of the toed horse. Fossils of later Tertiary continued to the present. main highways leading into Death time are largely of a unique type, Studies of the formation of the Valley are hard-surfaced throughout. consisting of thousands of mammal mountain ranges and the valley Other entrance routes are good and bird tracks found at several places trough are far from complete. Their desert-type roads. Other roads are in the monument. These await com­ history is complicated, and the earth being rapidly improved. Automobile plete study, but represent the foot­ movements that went into their build­ travelers are advised to enter by one prints of several kinds of horses, of the following routes: camels, antelope, carnivores, and ing are seemingly different from those By United States Highway No. 66 wading birds that inhabited the A PANAMINT INDIAN DISPLAYS A WATER of other regions. However, it can be BASKET 100 YEARS OLD said that the valley owes its origin to Barstow, thence United States

12 Death Valley National Monument Death Valley National Monument 13 Highway No. 91 (Arrowhead Trail) gasoline, oil, and water, particularly FREE PUBLIC CAMPGROUND plan, at Furnace Creek Auto Camp, to Baker; thence north on California if leaving the main highways outlined Located near the mouth of Furnace with various types of cabins from State Highway No. 190 through Sho­ above. Creek in a side canyon surrounded which to choose. Trailer space is also shone and Death Valley Junction By Airplane.—An excellent gravel-sur­ by colorful hills, the Texas Spring available at a nominal charge. into Death Valley at Furnace Creek. face airport with cross runways is Campground has been developed for Recreation facilities at Furnace Driving time from Los Angeles to maintained at Furnace Creek. Hang­ use by those who bring their own Creek include a 9-hole golf course, Death Valley by this route is from 7 ar space is available on the field and camping equipment or travel with a swimming pool, saddle horses, livery to 8 hours. This route is oiled gasoline and oil may be secured there. trailer. Camping is free. Toilet facil - service, and tennis and badminton throughout. Charter airplane service at most air­ ties, running water, stone tables and courts. Filling stations, a store, res­ An alternate route from Los Angeles ports enables the air-minded visitor benches, oiled and graveled roads, taurant, curio shops, and garage are is on United States Highway No. 6 to enter Death Valley. camp sites and parking spaces for conveniently located in this area. By Railroad.—A combination rail and through Mojave into the Owens Val­ automobiles and trailers, give accom­ Stovepipe Wells Hotel Co. oper­ motor tour is available for Union ley. Turn off at Olancha or Lone Pine modations for several hundred visi­ ates a hotel and cabin camp in the Pacific passengers, leaving the train on California State Route No. 190, tors. No firewood is available, and vicinity of the sand dunes, 25 miles at Las Vegas and reaching Death cross the Panamint Valley and visitors should provide for an ample northwest of Furnace Creek. A res­ Valley by car. Townes Pass into the monument. supply before entering the monu­ taurant, gas station and recreation Travelers from central or northern ADMINISTRATION ment, or better still, carry a gasoline facilities are available here. The California can take either the Walker The monument is administered by or oil camp stove. Firewood and other minimum rate is $3 per day, Euro­ or Tehachapi Pass Roads from the National Park Service in immedi­ supplies can be purchased at Furnace pean plan. Requests for reservations Bakersfield and join United States ate charge of the superintendent, Creek Auto Camp. Inquire of a should be addressed to Death Valley, Highway No. 6 in the Mojave Desert, ranger for further suggestions and whose address is Death Valley Na­ Calif. following the route given above from camping information. tional Monument, Death Valley, During the summer months emer­ then on into the monument. An gency accommodations may be had Calif. alternate entrance into the valley ACCOMMODATIONS RANGERS at places mentioned above, except from United States Highway No. 6 is A variety of accommodations are Furnace Creek Inn, and also at hotels Park rangers are stationed at various through Inyokern and Trona, thence available within the monument, and or camps outside the monument. points throughout the monument for over 27 miles of good desert-type prices are scaled to suit the taste and During periods of heavy travel to the the purpose of protecting the monu­ road across the Panamint Valley and purse of the visitor. valley it is advisable to make reserva­ ment and the visitors. They patrol into the monument at Wildrose Wildrose Service Station, on the tions in advance. the roads, enforce the rules and regu­ Canyon, where an oil surfaced road Trona-Death Valley Road, provides lations, and render all possible aid to leads over Emigrant Pass to Death a store, meals and a limited number the visitor. For accurate information Valley. of cabins. All other hotels and auto ask a ranger. From points north or east, via Reno camps are operated on private land, A Multilith folder containing or Las Vegas on Nevada State Route NATURALIST SERVICE and the National Park Service exer­ a road map of the monument No. 5, turn off to Death Valley Junc­ Illustrated evening lectures on the cises no control over them. tion, or at Beatty, Nev., and enter the history and natural phenomena of the The Death Valley Hotel Co., with and a log of suggested scenic Valley via the , the monument are given at Furnace offices at 409 West Fifth Street, Los ghost town of Rhyolite, and over Day­ Creek Inn, Stovepipe Wells Hotel, Angeles, operates Furnace Creek Inn trips is distributed at the check­ light Pass into Death Valley. Both of and Furnace Creek Auto Camp. In­ and Furnace Creek Auto Camp. The ing stations or at the monument these routes are oil surfaced. quire of a ranger or consult the Inn offers every luxury at a minimum Service stations are found at inter­ Government bulletins at these places charge of $9.50 per day for one and headquarters. vals along the route, but it is wise for for schedules of naturalist activities $15.50 for two, American plan. Rates the motorist to carry extra supplies of and special events. are $2 per day and up, European

14 Death Valley National Monument Death Valley National Monument 15 RULES AND REGULATIONS

[Briefed]

The monument regulations are de­ Do not pick, cut or otherwise de­ signed for the protection of the stroy any flower, plant, shrub or natural features and scenery as well cactus. Cutting of trees or shrubs as for the comfort and convenience for firewood, or any other purpose, of visitors. is strictly prohibited. The following synopsis is for the Hunting, killing, or wounding, general guidance of visitors who are capturing, or attempting to capture requested to assist the administration any wild bird of animal in the monu­ by observing the rules. The monu­ ment is prohibited. ment belongs to the future genera­ Use of firearms within the monu­ tions as well as the present. Help us ment is strictly prohibited. Persons take care of it. Complete regulations bringing firearms into the monument may be seen at monument head­ may be required to surrender them quarters. to any monument officer. The disturbance, destruction, de­ Gambling in any form is pro­ facement, or injury of any ruins, hibited. relics, buildings, signs, or other Private notices or advertisements property is prohibited. shall not be posted or displayed in the Camps may be made at designated monument except when authorized. localities only, and must be kept Vehicular and other traffic within clean. Place garbage and tin cans in the Death Valley National Monu­ receptacles provided for that purpose. ment will be governed by the cur­ Use gasoline or kerosene camp stoves rent State of California Vehicle or bring your own wood, as none is Code. available. Do not throw refuse or The penalty for violation of any of trash on roads, trails, or elsewhere. these regulations is a fine not exceed­ Carry it until you can deposit it in ing $500, or 6 months imprisonment, a garbage can. or both.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 O—258532