THESIS.
THESIS
on OF AMERICANLITERATURE. THE SECONDNATIONAL PERIOD Submitted tothe Faculty of the OREGONAGRICULTURALCOLLEGE for thedegree of
BACHELOR OFSCIENCE.
BY
Redacted for Privacy 015
, . and Redacted for Privacy ..
APPROVED Redacted for Privacy
Department ofLiterary-Commerce. THESIS.
THE SECOND NATIONAL PERIOD OF AMERICANLITERATURE.
As young as American Literature ia, it has
been found necessar7 to divide Jt 4 = r'Vl
First Colonial Period (1620-1689) Second Colonial Period (1689-1763) Revolutionary (1763 -1815) First National Period (1815 -1863) Second National Period (1863-
Though by courtesy called Literature, the first attempts at writing by our forefathers cannotproper- ly be classed as polite literature(Belies Lettres) from tie very tact that the exigencies of the time and the danger from savages and the wild beasts con- stantly threatening would not allowany sustained attempts at literary work. American Literature, con- sequently does not begin until 1819, when Washington
Irving published his remarkable work " The Sketch Book"
Since that time America has had a galaxy of writers such as any nation might be proud of;. and coining into a more recent period, we have prose writers and poets which in point of depth of thought and excellency of expression are second to none in any country. The first of these is William Dean Howells. 2 Howells. Life ofWilliam Dean Ohio, born atMartin's perry, Wiliism DeanHowells was when a boyand He learnedto set type onMarch 1,1837. His ed- issuing acountry paper. helped hisfather in cffice consisted ofhis father's ucationalfacilities Of the of booksin the home. and agood-sized case office was myschool from former he says,"The printing attractedattention Hiscontributions a veryearlydate." Jo-drnal" at news-editor ofthe "State and he wasmade attempt was avolume literary Columbus, Ohio. His first he published "Poems of TwoFriends," which of poems, II James Platt. with acompanion, John biography of acampaign As acompensation for appointment of 1860, hereceived the Lincoln,written in afforded him asplendid opportu- consul towenice, which He returnedin literarytalents. nity forimproving his New York engaged injournalism in 1865, andfor a time in-chief ofthe"Atlantic and in 1872became editor- occupied fornine years. Monthly", whichposition he authorship, engaged inindependent Since thenhe has been "Harper's criticaldepartment in and hasconducted a
Magazine". realistic the leaderof the William DeanHowells is must and forhim nothing type of authorsin America and "the simple,the natural, enter intofiction except Howell's novels great weaknessof the honest." "The one the severestcriticise signivicance; is theirlack of high 3 significance; theseverest criticism is theirlack of high read them is seldomimpelled to upon themis, that one
the secondtime". "He is like askater who Of him,Higginson says, limits of curveswithin the executes ahundred graceful says," He square." Julian Hawthorne a pool a.few yards is a small nature, buthis mirror holds themirror up to reflected." Not- part ofnature is one andonly a small Howells iseasily thefirst withstanding hislimitations,
living Americannovelist. 4 Life of Henry James.
Henry James was born in New York Cityon April 15,
1843. His father was a minister of some renown and
Henry was educated under his supervision in New York,
Geneva, Paris, Bonn and Boulogne-our-7er. In 1862, he
entered the Harvard Law School, but soon commenced to
contribute sketches to magazines, and especially to the
"Atlantic Monthly", some of which were collected ina
volume entitled " A Passionate Pilgrim" and other stories."
His first novel, "Roderick Hudson" was published
in 187d. His best work is generaiy acknowledged to be
"The American", published in 1878. " Daisy Miller" is
perhaps his most popular work but it is mach criticized because of its cold disregard for the feelings of the
Americans. This critical attitude toward his country- men is his one great fault, but perhaps it is due to the
fact that most of his life has been spent abroad. A
critic says of him that he looks at America with the eyes of a foreigner and at Europe with the eyes of an
American. TTe neglects the educated American abroad, choosing rather the cruder ones whom he ridicules un- mercifully. He is the creator of the "international" type of novel represented by such books as "The American",
"Daisy Miller," "The Europeans," and "An International
Episode."
By him, realism is carried to the perfection of a 5
science. "He forms no plot, produces no action or progress
ends the scene where it begins, draws no conclusion; he merely presents facts and reproduces endless conversa-
tions, often brilliant with wit and humor and always
convincingly real." The author is at his best in short
stories.
Of him, Howells says, "In literature, one may sa- without fear of contradiction, that the writer of most
distinction now writing English is Mr. Henry James." 0 Life of Francis Marion Crawford.
Francis Marion Crawfordwas born in Italy in 1854;
he spent his early childhood in NewYork, studied in the
great universities of England,Germany, and also Rome.
He writes with equal facilityon topics ranging from
Indian occultism, Zoroaster,and the Court of King
Darius, to English rural life,American party politics,
and New York society, lifein the Black Forest of
Germany, ancient Rome and modernItaly, and the sacred
penetraia of St. Peter's throne. He acquired a wide knowledge of langue.ges and theirrespective literatures.
In 1882, he published hisfirst novel, "Mr. Isaacs", in India where he was fora time editor of th.e Indian Herald at Allahabad.
Crawford has formulated hisown recipe for a
"perfect novel". A novel, i(3. s; s,"is an intellectula artistic luxury. It must deal chiefly withlove, for in that passion all men andwomen are most generally inter- ested, must be clean andsweet, for it must tell its tale to all mankind." Its realism must be real, "ofthree dimentions, not flat andphotographic; its romance must be of the human heartand truly human, that is, of the earth as we have foundit; its idealism must be transcendent not measured to sn's mind, but proportion- ed to man's soul. 7
Life of Samuel Langhor-e Clemens.
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, more familiarity known as
"Mark Twain", was born at Florida, Missouri, in 1835.
Until thirteen years of age he attended the village school, then spent some time in a printer's office and TSB five years a Mississippi River pilot. He gained this peculiar 1 appelation "Mark Twain" because of the cry of the pilots in sounding, to signify that the watt:, lb two fathoms deep, hence safe for navication. He went to Nevada where he tried mining and journalism lyzt without success. His first lecture was given in San Francisco, -v;hich was the beginning of a successful lecture tour. His recognition as humorist was gained by a collect-
ion of sketches, "The Jutping Frog", published in New
York in 1867 and later "The Innocents Abroad."
He has attempted some peculiar historical romances such as "The Prince and the Pauper", "Ayankee at King
Arthur's Court," a jumble of the past and present, and
"Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc."
"Mark Twain." enjoys the distinction of being regarded
as t e "first of livinghumorists". "No American author today, "Says Brander Matthews, "has at his command astyle mor nervous, more vsried, more flexible, or moredirect."
His fun is distributed over the whole page instead of
being condensed in one sentence. Put one charactristic mars his work. His humor sometimes drops into coarseness and hisjests approach vulgarity. 9. Aldrich. Life ofThomas Bailey wa8 burn inPortsuoutn, N. H. ThomasBai-e.i Aldrich The his- his earlyyouth wasspent. in 1836,and there in "TheStory is mortcharmingly told tory ofthis period. misfortunes he wasde- Owing tofinancial of a BadBoy". From eighteento twenty- prived of acollegeeducation. house in time as clerkin a mercantile one hespent his of published alittle volume New YorkCity. In IEEE he best known next yearappeared his poems"ThePells,"and the
lyric "BabyBell." position onthe HomeJourn- He was givenaneditorial editor of to Bostonand became al, and in1870, moved fourth year. however diedin its "EverySaturday" which Monthly which editor of theAtlantic in leFl,he became wrote During thisperiod he place he heldnine years.
his -lest proseworks. well his proseworks are The salientqualities of of they have"a deftness described byvedder, who says piquancy offlavor, playful - touch, a surenessof aim, a of our writ- delicacy ofhumor. No other more ofwit, and French prose, of thespirit of ers hascaught so much that, Aldrich deservesthe praise save HenryJames; and have the Frenchalithat they while he haslearned from American." remainedessentially to teach, hehas still painter in verse. Aldrich is ourmaster miniature 10
He takes some little inolt.ent ur narrative and weavesit into a delightful and finished poem. He has been calJed the "American Herrick", and of him, Lathrop says, his"is the poetry of luxury more than of deep passion, or pro- found convicticn in special directions; yet it is spon- taneous as the luxury of bud and tint in springtime. His predilection is for the picturesque, with touches of fancy, occasional lights of humor so reserved and so dainV that they never disturb the pictorial harmony, tinges of
Eastern color, and hins of distant romance." 11
Lucy Larcom. assachusetts. Most of her Lucy Larcomwas bornin to which sheoften refers childhood wasspent by the sea, Lowell and here,with compan- in her poems. She moved to called she contributedto a magizine, ions inthe mill,
"LowellOffering". seminary, alsoat She tIghtin theWheaton female of a child- and was for sometime editor Bradford academy
ren's paper. in 1993. She diedfifteen years ago 12
THE RISE OPSILAS LAPHAr.
Characters. List of made man. Colonel SilasLapham--a self Lapham--his wife. 5 Mrs. Persis daughter. Irene Lapham --the beautiful irtellActual daughter. PenelopeLapham--the of Boston only son of anaristocratec family Tom Corey-the fatar. Mr. BralLfield Lily andNanny-- Tom'ssisters. Mrs. AnnaCorey--Tom's mother. partner. Mr. Rogers --Lapham's former
fortume i'paint ore, dis- Colonel Lanhamhad made his homestead. The family covered by hisfather on the old not thearistocratic lived in BeaconStreet, which was people, they street of thetown. Being old-fashioned lacked theculture used odd expressionsand phrases, and During the summervacation, which money couldnot but. had becomeacquainted with Mrs. Lapham andher daughters of Boston. the Coreys, anaristocratic family magnificent home on Mr. Laphamdecided to build a view of gettingin touch with his lot in BackBay with a He wished tounite Irene's the higher societyof Boston. Corey's socialposition, and beauty and moneyto young when Coreyasked to be consequently was verymuch pleased finally decidedto let taken into business. Mr. Lapham
him attend to theforeigncorrespondence. at the summercottage of Tom spent muchof his time believed him tolove Irene. the Laphams and everyone daughters, Lilyand When Mrs. Coreyand her two 13 Mrs. Coreycall- the summerresort, Nanny,returned from forced toentertain who withPen was ed onMrs. Lapham It was a verystiff and was notat home. them,as Irene qualities toview call as Penbroughtterworst unpleasant impression onMrs. Corey. and madea veryunfavorable place Colonel Laphamat his Mr. Coreyalso called on delighted atthe re- the Colonelwas much ofbusiness and given him byMr. Corey. cognition Laphams weredelighted to re),, A few dayslater the at Coreys. Pen invitation to adinner oarty ceive an enjoyed the not attend,but Irene pleaded sickand would brought on byher the disgrace eveningnotwithstanding Mr. Lapham wasdeeply hu- father becomingintoxicated. Tom's at theoffice begged miliated andthe next day granted. pardon whichwas freely remain in not beenallowed to Mr. Rogers,who had it, called because he wasadetriment to the business sum of money. asked the canof a large on Mr.Lapham and done theright 1,,;.,La feltthey had Neither Mr. nor-M4 .l,. the Colonel to leevethe firm, so thing inforcing him wife, loaned conscience andplease his to ease hisown of money. Mr. Rogers alarge sum the this sum toget-her with Trade was verydull and than shouldhave the new housewas more illmoneyexpended on business atthis time. been takenfrom the 14.
Tom surprised everyone by asking Pen to be his wife, but Pen refused feeling guilty on Irene's account.
Irene accused her sister of deception in this matter and to hide her disappointment, went on an extended visit to some old friends. Fate seemed to laugh in the Colonel face and one by one he saw his cherished plans fail. Another firm had discovered a means by which the same grade of paint could be produced at less expense. Tom Corey now offered to place all his money in the business if by this means bankruptcy could be avoided, but the Colonel was not willing to accept such a sacrifice as he knew thefirm was bound to fail unless the almostworthless security given by Rogers on his loan could be disposed of. Mn Rogers proposed a dishonest schemeby whichthis could be done but the Colonel refused to consider such a proposition. He accidentally set fire to his ne-,: house.
The inevitable end came and when all debts were set- tled they were forced to return to their old home.
Irene recovered so Tom and Pen were married. Ton had
invested his money in the other paint firm and was on
the read to success. In the strgFle fsr wealth many of the best qualities
of the Colonel had been lost, but failure restored himto
his former manhood. 15
THE PORTRAIT07 A LADY.
characters. List of with keenintellect, manyideas, Archer--a girl world. Isabel and a desireto know the Goodwcod--anambitious Bostonian. Caspear but neverworked. Osmond- - ambitious, ardent im- Gilbert fair, plump. A woman of MadameMerle -tall, order. pulses, keptin admirable England suffering Touchett--a youngAmerican in Ralph from pulmonarytrouble. and positiveyoung Stackpole- -aprompt, keen, Henrietta writer for the"Interviewer." specimen of anEnglishman. magnificdont LordWarburton--a and innocentdaughter. Pansy Osmond--asimple minded
to her aunt,Mrs Touchett, Isabel Archerwent with While here afterward tourFurppe. visit GardenCourt and as shedid proposed to herbut was refused Lord Warburton wife. of narrowlimits as his not wish-tolead a life and MissStackpole.went Isabel, hercousin Ralph, Englishman tookcharge of Hen- to LondonHere a young that insight ofEnglish life rietta and gaveher the Henrietta wishedIsabel to marry she so muchdesired. to plead, angry whenhe, coming Mr. Goodwoodand was very was sent awaywith a refusal. be- recalled toGarden Court Ralph and Isabelwere Here Isabelmet Madame cause of Mr.Touchett's illness and in herfound her Merle whom she verymuch admired "as a conventional ideal. This lady isaptly described
social animal." will, atRalph request Mr. Touchett diedand in his gratify herdesire left a fortunesufficient to 16 were allset- After Mr.Touchett's affairs fortravel. began anextended tour. tled, Isabeland her aunt 71orence andtold Mr.Osmond Madame Merlewent to their meeting. and beautyand planned ofIsabel's wealth girl. the money--andwith the He fellin love with she sawthrough Iaabel's aunt wasvery angry as that believing Osmondto be all their pains,but Isabel, adviseor the would notheed her was goodand noble, of Ralph andHenrietta. remonstrances eng.age- returned toRome and her A yearlater she came announced. Mr. Goodwood ment withMr. Osmond was became tal.:ing thisstep but she to dissuadeher from on ended withbitter feelinffs angry andtheir meeting
both sides.
IN ROME. TWO '17,ARSLATER. would American butMr. Osmond Pansy lo7ed ayoung lord suitor becausehe wished a not recognizehim as a health wasrapidly failing for his daughter. Ralph, who Lord Warburton. came to Romeunder care of wished Pansyto marry Madame Merle andMr. Osmond of theirplans depended Warburton and forthe success Isabel couldnot quite on Isabel'sinfluence overhilq. her hus- and bemolded by give up all ideasof her own hated herand made band's will and he,recognzing this,
her life roost miserable. 17. that theywould sacrifice For a whileit seemed England. suddenlyreturned to but LordWarburton Pansy, claimed she wife ofjealousy and Osmondaccused his Mr. lust to annoy dearest schemeto fail had thuscaused his again placedin theconvent. hiT. Pansy was to Rome tosee ifIsa- Goodwood andHenrietta came had knownfor Ralph, wholovedher, bel werehappy. rapidly grow- miserable life. As he was some timeof her him back Casper decidedto take ing worse,Henrietta and
to Engalnd. at the had beenmach mystified For sometime Isabel husband andthe Madame Merleand her singularcondust of former's interestin Pansy. say- she receiveda telegram To aid toher troubles to go She wasmakingpreparations in Ralph wasdying. thing protested thatsuch a him at oncebut Mr.Osmond forbade it. her andpositively would beindecint for for Isabel oneday that Mr. Osmond'ssister told of Mr. had beenthe mistress five yearsMadame Merle wife havins t.,eir child. His first Osmond andPans;i Wa.isi had Pansy's birth,the deception died about thetime of
been easilycarried out. that shattered andall ties Isabel's idol wasnow Madame Merleknowing . bound her to lifeseemed broken. and leave herold life that she had faileddecided to
go to America.
11111 18 happened now,went to Isabel, littlecaring what her arrival,Ralph died. and a shorttime after England are married. Lord Henrietta andthe Englishman EngLish heiress. Warburtonmarries and decide whether ornot to While Isabelis trying to and Yr. Goodwoodcalls on her return toher husband, try to her husbandand let him pleads thatshe leave to do sobut Tor a timeshe is tempted make herhappy. to Pansy inthe convent, remembering thepromise she made of her father She knowsPansy is afraid 11111' sane returned. his wife. and hateshim she is and althoughshe to fears r 19
DAISY MILLER.
List of Characters. Frederick Winterbourne. Mrs. Costello. Charles Reverdy. Madame de Katkoff. Giacomo Giovanelli. Alice Durant. Eugenio. Mrs. Talker. Randolph Miller. Daisy Miller. A Waiter.
Act FirstScene First. A Hotel on Lake Geneva. Madame de Katkoff, Eugenio.
Eugenio, a former servant of Madame de Katkoff, while in her employ, secured two letters the Madame had written to the man she loved. He tells her that has the worst of the two letters, having given her husband, who is now dead, the other.
Scene Second.
Mrs. Costello, Miss Durant, Charles Revardy.
Mrs. Costello, Miss Durant, and Charles Reverdy who are Americns, discuss Madame de Katkoff to whom no one ventures to speak, who passes into the hotel as they come out. They make a few remarks about the non-appearance of '.,'rederick Winterbourne, Mrs. Costello's Nephew, whom she wishes Miss Durant to marry. They also discuss the characteristics of Palsy Miller, a wealthy American heiress, who is not reserved enough to suit them and who passes near them at this time. Scene Third. Eugenio, then Winterbourne, and a Waiter.
Eugenio enter, calling for Randolph, Daisy's little brother, butdoes not find him so she disappears still 20 looking for.him. Winterbourne finally arrivesand sends his card to
Madame de Katkoff. He then asks concerning his aunt but waits in the gardenfor her appearance.
Scene Fourth. winterbourne, Randolph, then Daisy.
Randolph asks winterbourne for a lump of sugarand they discuss candy andAmerican boys. Daisy, who is very beautiful, enters veryprettily dressed, and winterbourne, who thinks herexceedingly pretty, "strikes up" an acquaintance. Randophs helps along and telling names. Daisy continues talking with r-interbourne after Randolph leaves them.
Scene Fifth. Daisy, Winterbourne, Eugenio. Eugenio comes upon Winterbourne and Daisylooking
for Randolph. Daisy starts to introduce theservant the
servant but irinterbourne refuses to listen. Eugenio
tells Daisy that lunch is waiting and Daisyinforms winterbourne that she will again come out intwenty minutes.
Eugenio already knows interbourne as a loverof Madame
de Katkoff.
Scene Sixth. Winterbourne alone, tlien laat-A.Lie(146, Katkoff. Winterbourne does not know what to make ofDaisy's
behavior. The Madame and he have a long talk butshe is
displeased with him. Scene Seventh. Winterbourne, Mrs. Costello, Miss Durant,Reverdy.
winterbourne meets nis aunt, Miss Durantand Reverdy and relieves Reverdy of his duties, who goes in search
of Daisy. The conversation turnson Daisy and when Mrs.
Costello discovers that Daisy will soon be there, she p-ats her protectine wing over Miss Durant and they disappear
into the hotel.
Scene Eighth. Reverdy, Randolph, then Daisy.
Daisy enters and finds Reverdy ridingRandolph on his back. Reverdy was doing this to geton the good side of Daisy.
Scene Ninth. Reverdy for a moment; Daisy, Winterbourne.
Reverdy goes to Miss Durant. winterbourne appears at the stated time and after conversingfor some time,
Daisy proposes to take Winterbourneas her escort and go to an old castle.
Scene Tenth. Winterbourne, Daisy, Eugenio.
Eugenio tells them that Madame de Katkoffhas left.
Winterbourne is angered and intends tobe hard with her.
Eugenic tries to persuade hernot to go, but she is not to be persuaded.
Scene Eleventh. Mrs. Costello, Miss Durant, Reverdy, Winterbourne, then Daisy. 22. horrified to Miss Durantare Mrs.Costello and but Daisy contemplatessuch a trip, think thatDaisy minute andthey go. appearson the
the Pincina,Rome. Scene First.Promenade of ActSecond. Xatkoff. Winterbourne,Madame de have a longtalk, talking winterbourneand Madame receives fromher. She about theabuse ne principally Durant Is verygaybecause she tells himthat Miss of Daisy. Daisy she saysthe 0000site appearsgrave and (7dovanelli, anadventurer. foreigner, is goingwith a
SceneSecond. Madame de7.atkoff,Eugenio. to meet himin fifteen Eugenio requeststhe Madame release her her duty,he will minutes andif she does r from futherobligations.
Scene Third. Eugenio,Giovanelli. his part Giovanelli ifhe does Eugenio promisses paid for half amillion to be and will givehim a note marriage withDaisy, he six monthsafterGiovanellits It is agreed. will bring aboutthe marriage.
Scene wourth. Eugenio, Madamede Katkoff. and Eugeniounfolds Madame keeps herappointment Madame tokeepTinterbourne his plan to her. He wants she is causing Daisyto think out of Giovanelli'sway, 23. forsaken byTinterbourne.
SceneFifth. Daisy thenGiovanelli. people stare soat her Daisy cannotcomprehend why like her actions. Giovanelli and and whythey do not speaks to and beforestarting, Daisy Daisy plana walk Miss Durant. is with Mrs.Costello and Mr.Reverdy who before Daisy shouldspeak to him They arehorrified that introduction. she hadreceived an
Scene Sixth. Reverdy. Mrs. Costello,Miss Durant, about Daisy. Mrs. Costello They conversesome time aconsiderabledistance takes acamp-stool and goes give Reverdy achalice to propose, away fromthem so as to in of hernewphew's falling as she hasgiven up hopes bear thethought of love with MissDurant and cannot unless she isatleast taking the girlback to America
engaged. when Mrs.DostelSo Reverdy just getsnicely started the Russianprincess ',[3,E3 rushes back andtells him that
again arrived.
Scene Seventh. Miss Durant,Reverdy,winterbourne, Mrs. Costello, Mrs. Talker.
Mrs. Talker's Mrs. Talker and7interbourne left discovered had reception in search cfDaisy who they M:71. Costellotells gone away withoutsaying a word. them that she had seen hera short time before. Scene eighth. Mrs. Talker, winterbourne, Daisy, Giovanelli.
Mrs. Walker and winterbourne meet Daisyand
Giovanelli and they divide forces, Mrs. Talkertalking
to Giovanelli, and winterbourneto Daisy. Giovanelli
became very accommodating when Mrs. Talker toldhim
that Yrs. Miller might become frightenedand start for
America. Winterbourne told Mrs. walker that he had had his ears boxed by Daisy. Me finally succeeds in getting Daisy not to go on her intended walk with Giovanelli that evening by asking to dine with her.
Scene Ninth. Reverdy, Randolph.
Reverdy was quietly smoking when Randolph appeared.
He tells him that he-had juliii)ed o;At of thecarriage when his mother was not watching him and that she thoughthim run over by the carriage wheel; a crowd was already in search of him. Reverdy tries to catch and take him to his mother.
Scene Tenth. Winterbourne, then Madame de Katkoff.
Mrs. Miller sends Tinterbourne to look for Randolph. meets Madame who asks him to dine with her that evening.yening. Winterbourne is startled, as she had told him that morningthat shenever v:ished to see him again.
Ilie accepts, unmindful of Daisy. Shealso promises him 25
amoon-iii,ht dr ve.
SceneEleventh. then Eugenio, Winterbourne, Mrs.Talker, Daisy, Giovanelli. for Randolph Mrs. Talker andDtiisy are locking Eugenio arrives andtells when theymeet Winterbourne. by Reverdy. Tinterbourne them Randolphhas been found dine with herthat evening. tells Daisythat he cannot interrupted walk, and Daisy instantlyplans to finish her Mrs. "talker isdisgusted she andGiovanelli leave. mess, but hethinks with Winterbournefor making such a
only of hismoon-light drive.
An hotel inRome. Act First. Mrs. Costello,Miss Durant,Reverdy. Mrs Costello This is the lastnight of theCarnival. on accountof the noise. has one of herusual head-aches and Miss Durant,the There is a peculiarlicense tonight Mrs. Custeiiothe "slip". sedate young lady,pliihe, tu Give below kisseShishand to Mrs. A gentlemanfrom the crowd her glancetowards him Costello whoimmediately directs the opportunityto and the youngcouple are given
slip away.
Scene Second. Miss Durant. Eugenio, Giovanelli;then Reverdy, 10 taking Daisy onthat Eugenio scoldsqiovanelli for caused her totake the IIIfatal walk to theColiseum as it discover-ed them whilethey were Roman fever. Tinterbourne 4,0 will haveto get there. Eugenio tells Giovanelli he of Randolph's consent to marry Daisy andmakes sport
him which causeshim to go off "in ahuff".
Scene Third. Daisy alone; then Vinterbourne,'alter;Costello. Daisy entered in a dressing gownand is greatly
disappointed to have missed theCarnival onaccount of in who asks her sickness. The waiter brings rinterbcurne He discovers Daisyand asks ' for Madame deJ.Ktkoff. asked every day, about her health. He tells her he lad tell her. but it appears thatEugenio took care not to winter- Mrs. Costello entersand discovers that Durant as she bourne and Daisy arenot Reverdy and Miss and shocked tohear had suspected. She is horrified them frolickingin the from Tinterbournethat he had 'seen trumpet and MissDurant streets, Reverdyblowing a tin dispatches him insearch wearing a mask. Mrs. Costello headaches comes on. She of them and oneof her severe to throw her akise. wonders if they hadbribed that man
Scene Fourth. Giovanelli, Daisy. and she demandsthat He tells her thathe _Loves her five minutes. He does he take her out onthe streets for
wish her to gobut she isdetermined.
Scene Fifth. Daisy, Ladame deKatkoff. she is asproud Madame tries to bekind to Daisy but 27 her. Madame entreats as she ispretty and distrusts not withGiovanelli, and her not to goand especially Daisy her inthe car-riage. even offersto go and take waiting whethershe says shemust not keepGiovanelli that she thinksshe likes him or not. Madame understands
trying to talk toher.
Scene Sixtn. Madame de KatkoffandWinterbourne. feels ashamedand The Madam', afterseeing Daisy she now knowsthat determines to makethings right, as Daisy as deeplyas Daisyis rinterbourne is inlove with tells all herdeception and with him. Madame explains get the had. He vows to him about theletters Eugenio
letter for her.
Scene Seventh. Miss Durantand Reverdy. Winterbourne,Mrs. walker, truants, whoseemvery Mrs. Walkerbrings the Winterbourne thatshe saw Daisy happy, home, She tells search of of the crush. He goes in in thethickest part
her.
Scene Eighth. Reverday, Mrs.Costello; Mrs. Walker,Miss Durant , Giovanelli, Madamede Katkoff. then Daisy,Winterbourne, she Dllrant andasks her if Mrs. Costelloscolds Miss When MissDurantandReverdy has forgottenher educption. Costello thatshe hadinter- sojourn to thebalcony, Mrs. it a jig. She repliedshe thought rupted aproposal . 28. swoon in his Winterbourne enterswith Daisy in a from the seeing hercouple coming arms. Mrs. Costello proposal hasagain been balcony isafraid that the informs her thatshe is interrupted. Miss Durant however hhe loves. at last en6a6edto tlie man Winterbourne is very They fear Dnisyis dying and her eyes andis very much agitated. Daisy finally o,)ens at lastunderstand happy that sheand Winterbourne
each other.
scene Ninth. Eugenio, Madame deRatkoff, Winterbourne, Daisy, then the other'. Winterbourne and anger- Eugenio is amazedat Daisy and to naught,but Giovanelli ad that hislittle garie came game in adifferent tells him theywill try the same
place. to his aunt ashis Winterbournepresents Daisy He tells herthey will be wife, whichpleases Daisy. day thatReverdy and Miss married inAmerica the same
Durant are. 29.
CHILDREN 07 THE KING.
Ruggiero and his brotherSebastiano were the last of the "Children of theKing". The family was an old one beginning, legend said, whenKing Roger took thecity Re of verbicaro from theTurks and gave it to his son. and blue that as it may, the menalways had light hair eyes. They had lost all'theirinds and when a cruel master had caused themother's death, these two boys had beaten him and madetheir escape to sea.
Manhood found them expertsailors, and very strong.
They were alike in appearancebut Ruggiero had the himself more passionatenature. At Scrrent he engeged for the summer to Contede San Miniate, apenniless had charge of a ziounG c,ambler andfilrt. Sebc,stiano yacht owned by a widow,Marchese di Mola. Her title ws Beatrice, to marry very revert butshe wished her daughter,
the Count and thus'mite title and money. To this end, she andthe Count planned a moon- advantage of light excursion in theboats and he, taking the words, the romantic surroundings,gained from Beatrice strength of his "I love you." Ruggiero, will all the avowal the wild nature, loved Beatriceand his passionate the count had same evening showedher what a comedy scorned the idea of anengage- enacted. She hated him and false ment, but her mother choseto call those few promise, she foras such in truth, and ratherthan b-reak a 30 submitted. kill Ruggiero saw howmatters stoodand resolved to the Count. Maid into the San Miniatoenticed Beatrice's to her. She loved the Garden and forpracice made love very angry. Sebantiano younger sailorand was of course and attemptedto speak for heard thedisgraceful scene He disclosedhis own Ruggiero who hethought loved her. and they werebetrothed. love for her inthe attempt Ruggiero,unintentionally, He told hisbrother all and. unfaithfulness. told Peatriceof the Counts the boats tocatch crabs. That eveningthey went in plans. He and the Ruggiero hadcarefully made his the others were ona ledge. Count remainedin the boat, with his handsaround the Quickly, he upsetthe boat and down to death. Count's throat,together they went
married, 7Men Sebastianoand the maid were them. She has notyet Beatrice settled alife income on he comes, hemust possess met the man sheloves but when sailor who diedthat she most of thequalities of the
might be happy. 31.
Mr. Isaacs.
I, Paul Griggs, was theeditor of anAnglo-
Indian newspaper and inSeptember 1879, I was calledto to Simla in the lowerHimalayas.
While at my hotel, I netMr. Isaacs. He had a features, while most groceful figureand perfect Iranian his beautiful dark eyesheld me captive. He invited me engaged, told me some - to smoke with himand while thus descendent thing of his formerlife. He was a degenerate called Isaacs, of Zoroaster andthough, for convenience, His fahter had his lawful name wasAdul-Hafizben-Isak. of age ne, been a Persian mencnant1)4t at twe.l.va ;years and carried Isaacs, had been capturedby slave-dealers, old man and received a to Turkey. He was bought by an old, he was freed fair education. when twenty one years
by the death of hismaster. Like all good Mohammedans, from there to Bombey. he made a pilgrimageto 7ecca, going different nor several years, hehad worked and studied and selling precious languages. He then began buying twelve years in India. stones . He had now. been for such The following day,I net my new friend, acquaintance, but he was to menotwithstanding our short me that histhree was very muchsurprised when he told we take a rives had been quarreling. He proposed that revenue ride. By so doing, I metYr. Ghyrkins, a 32.
commissioner; his neice, amost beautiful English girl, Katharine Testonhaugh; and a young ,Lord Steepleton
Kildare. Te promised before leavingthe party to meet them
again on the morrow.
That evening we werediscussing women who Mr.Isaacs wandered to the has no souls. But finally my thoughts
fair English girl andin fancy I asked myselfwhy she we should not he his helper,his one true wife, such as
American have.He must haveread my thoughts forhe
said, "You areright". "Thy Not?" I thought it a strangecoincidence and thoughtit
stranger still that aMohammedan should be so soon
converted to our beliefin the equality of menand that such was women, when againhe 61-doke ebt,uring me trance from which I the truth. I found him to be in a
awakened him. He told me of a visionhe had, in he thanked which his could metthat of Miss westonhallgh; said "Griggs, Allah for the knowledgethus given him, then
I believe I am inlove." to- I watched Mr. Isaacsand her when they were in fact, gether lyzt she showed nosigns of any love and their wives. spoke of her dislikefor Mohammedans and a for a Mr. Isaacs, LordKildare made arrangements
polo game and then wetook our leave.
While going _to visitthe Maharajah of l'aithopoor, 33 he acquainted me with the nature of his errand. The maharajL,h, who was in the power of Mr. Isaacs, had a prisoner the Pmir of Afghanistan for whom the English would have given a large sum to get in their possession and Fr. Isaacs was now going to demand the prisoner.
The old itin was loath to give up the prisoner but, could not refuse so an agreement was signed to deliver him to
Mr. Isaacs at the pass of Keitung before three weeks were over.
On the homeward ride, we met Miss "-estonhaugh, her brother, her uncle,and Lord Kildare and a tiger hunt was planned. We accompanied the party to Mr. Ghyrkin's bungalow and then rode on alone in the dusk.
I was startled to hear a man make arrangements to visit Isaacs that evening. I was present then and was surprised at Vie: actions of this itian and my friend. "The gray man" for he was all gray, seemed to know everything.
He told Isaacs that in his love for Miss westonhaugh he had taken a stop toward el higher understanding of the world, but warned himnot to go on the tiger hunt.
Ae also promised his help at Keitung and then diappeared.
On Monday, our polo game took place. A ball struck
Mr. Isaacs felling him to the ground. Miss Testonhuagh was the first to reach him. He was soon able to sit on his horse again and we all rode home together. I applied a secret dl-rug to his head and left him until midnight 34. when he hadquite recovered. the edge ofthe Jungle. Thursday found usin camp at several for usand I could Th.A eveningYr. Isaacs sang fast loosingherself in love see YissWestonhuagh was Next day LordKildare had for this darkeyed Persian. first tiger. At evening, a the honor ofkilling the he had seenthe king ofthe slave cametelling Isaacs the tiger. Isaacs slippedout to get jungle. That night had wishedfor a pair of And all becauseTiss westonhaugh morning, the campwas aro,Ised tiger ears: Early in the alone and onfoot, had killed by the newsthat Isaacs,
an elevenfoot man-eater. week, Isaacssaid he must At the endof a pleasant Kildare and Iwere walking go toKeitung. In the evening, him arm in aria, I was with out and sawthem to6etioer gave the goodbyekiss Katharine the nextmorning and saw
him. Then he was gone. was veryill. A In the eveningMiss Testonhaugh leaving, Keitung. When I was message came.I must go to package forIsaacs, Miss Westonhaughgave me a delivered it andfound it con- A few dayslater I
tained a lockof goldenhair. when we cameto the pass A bright moonwas shining An attempt wasmade and saw the menwith theprisoner. settled his life. A gray mist to kill Isaacs,but I saved 35 over all. The " gray man" towered above us as he bade us follow him to the light. We reached a hill and far down, the mist hid the men from us.
The " gray man" now agreed to conduct the prisoner
to his own country in safety.
On our return, I asked Mr. Isaacs by what meansthe
"gray man" could have caused the mi:3t. He could only
answer that he understood Nature. We reached Simla Monday at sunrise and foundthat
Miss Testonhaugh was ,yery ill. She was dying with
jungle fever and wished Isaacs to come to her. he went
alone. I was wondering wIly she should be taken now when
the "gray man" appeared. In the early gray of the morning Mr. Isaacs stood by me--himself grayerthan the
dawn. "It is all over", he calmly said.
"It has but begun", said the "gray man". He told
MR. Isaacs that if pleasure were all there isto life,
he should have been hap2y with wealth, women,and beauty.
" The body was satisfied", he said, "but theheart kept
crying. It loved , was satisfied, and you were far
happier. She died, your soul is now crying for hers and something higher than a loving heartis called from
you. Her soul is nowwaiting for you and in a few
short years, eternal happiness shallbe yours. Come with
me and I will-teach you howtoobtain thid life eternal. 30.
In the evening, they came to tell megoodby.
Isaacs bade me learn the lesson of loveand then with a last fond embrace they were gone. 37
INNOCENTS ABROAD. or THE NET PILGRIIII'SPROGRESS.
This book isa record of a pleasure trip,the pur pose of which is to suggest to the reader how hewould be likely to see Europe and the East, ifhe were looking at the sights for the first time and hadknown of them from reading.
The "Quaker City" was to start from New York,June 1, 1867, for a grand excursion to Europeand the East. Notwithstandinrr, the rain,everyone was aboard Saturday morning and, as the sea was very rough, nearlyevery one was sick Sunday.
But in a week's time, we had all grown wellaccus- tomed to our steamer home and time hungheavily on our hands. We tried magic exhibitions, dancing, mocktrials, and music, but allwere dismal failures.
June 21, we reached theAzore Islands, wherewe were
entertained by one ofour numbers, young T.r. Blucher.
After another week atsea, we .'.a.nded at Gibraltar.
Here some of the partydecided to go through Stainto
Paris, but I remainedon the steamer. Some of its went
in a boat to Tangier,Africa, but by July, 4,we were
back on ti.e "Quaker City"bound for Marseilles, France. From here we went by railto Paris, the wonderful
city of our dreams and,much of it was a dream. With our guide, we visited the-Tuileries,all-the great churches 38 museume, palaces, galleries, the opera, andthe Circus.
We were very sorry when forced to leave for versail- les. From here we went by sea to Genoa, the birth place of Christopher Columbus. By rail we go to Vilan to see the great Cathedral and our next stop was made at Lake
Como in Italy. Traveling by steamer, carriage and rail, we came at last to Venice, were we visited the Bridge ofSighs,
St. /Parks Cathedral and other points of interest.
Our next cities were Florence and Pisa,with its tow sr
180 ft. high and leaning more than 13 ft.out of 'the perpendicular. At Rome, the places that claimed air attention were St. Peter's Cathedral, theFor-lm, the
Coliseum, the vatican, the Catacombs andthe Capuchin
Convent. We next found ourselves in Naples where ourtime was mostly taken up by the ascentof Mount vesuvius. We spent some time in the buried city of Pompeiiand once more were together on the"Quaker City" in the Bay of
Naples.
We wj.shed to visit Athens but were quarantinedfor
eleven days. A few of us however, stole away in a small boat and had a fairly good view of thecity by moonlight before we were discovered an d forcedto run for our boats. We dropped anchor in the harbor atConstantinople. 39
Of course we saw St. Sophia, some of the mausoleums and mosques, and I experienced the delilhts of a Turkish bath. We spent a few days at Odessa and became intimate friends with the Czar of Russia.
The city of Smyrna, Asia, the Ruins of Ephesus, claimed some of our time, and then after several days of hard riding we found ourselves in the oldest city of the world, Damascus. We rode through Galilee and visit- ed Capernaum, Magdala, then on to Mount Tabor, and six miles further to Nazareth, the home of Christ. On through, Samaria, and altar a hot ride, we entered Jerusalem through the Damascus Gate. We visited many places sacred to every Christain, among them the river Jordon. We had some trouble with the Bedouins, but our 'Arab guides took us safely through. From the Dead Sea we journed to
Bethlehem. Then came a long tiresome ride to Jaffa where our ship was anchored.
Our last country was Egypt. Here we saw the Sphinx, the Pyramids, and ancient mummies.
Then all aboard for home. A few days were spent in
Spain to allow the ship to take on coal for the home voy- age. We also passed the Madeiras, spent a few days with the Bermudians, and one pleasant morning, we steamed into the New York Harbor. Our strange excursion was over. 40
BABY BELL.
One day the gates of heaven were left open and little
Baby Bell wandered out and saw the great world like a star far beneath her, connected with heaven by the bridg- es over which the angels bore the dead.
She came down to earth bringing with her P ray and
Sunlight, the swallows, the robins, the lilies, and all things sweet and heavenly.
This is the story poets tell of her.
Day after day, Baby Bell grew fairer and sweeter and her eyes seemed to mirror the peace and serenity of heaven.
The mother died when she was born but in her we had the link conhectina us with the Great Beyond, making the love of Christ seem nearer and dearer to us, though pain was mingled with our joy.
So Spring and Summer passed and Autumn came bring- ing red apples, peaches, chestnuts, and purple grapes.
Baby Bell had grown like the mother now; she seemed so holy and angelic. She would lisp a few strangewords, perhaps some she had sung in heaven, which we mortals could not understand.
Slowly came the awful knowledge that God had sent for our Baby. We thought we could not give her up as with broken we ppaggdd God to spare us this one treasure.
But he knew best and one day Baby Bell folded her 41 death. We placed white rose buds in her hair and covered her with flowers. Our darling, the fairest bud of all, had left us. 42
THE PACE AGAINST THE PANE.
This poem can .best be analysed by a pen picture of
the eight parts of the poem.
1.
Mabel sits at the window looking out to where the
Beason Light trembles in the rain. She hears the screech- ing sea-birds, the moaning beakers, and the sobbing wind;
while the old willow tree stands wringing its hands like
some old crone.
2.
Mabel, you should be setting the table, and getting
a nice warm supper for your father and lover out in the
storm. They are brave and know the dangerous places, so why should you fear for them? But still, Mabel site with her eyes on the Beacon.
3.
The heavens are on fire. Between the rolls of thun- der, the church bells, rung by unseen fingers, toll for
the lost. God pity the wives and sweethearts waiting-- waiting.
4.
The roar of the lighthuuss gun and a shaft of _Light from a rocket warns the men.
5.
Mabel turns pale. Did she see the helpless ship go down? 43
6.
As beautiful morning breaks,four old fishermen bring two dead bodies. Seaweed is in their hair.
7.
At the cabin, they will find thebody of little
Mabel. Her spirit has gone. Her eye has pierced beyond veil and now, in truth, she seesthe Beacon Light. 44
CHILDHOOD SONGS.
Black in Blue Sky.
An artist stood before his easel, reproducing nat-
ure's loveliness. With a deft hand, he painted the beau-
tiful meadows of yellow, the dark green of the forest,
and the purple and gray of the ocean.
A little child was watching the master at his work,
and asked of him why a touch of black was put in the
blue sky.
"Because there is black in the blue,my child; I am painting the sky as it is", he answered, but the question
of the child br,:)u,s.ht before him a deeperone. The lily
is never a perfect white; the queen of flowers isnever one unchanging tint of red, but even as black throws sha-
dows on the blue sky, so every thing in nature has its lights and shadows.
No mortel is without faults.
But shall we say there is no good because of the
snadow? all: no. Mortal eyes cannot bear the glory of
perfection and until we put on immortality, we must be
content with life and its shadows, and seek the good wherever it may be found. 45
Little Bridget's Country Week.
It was the day before Christmas- -a cold December day.
Little Bridget lay on her old bed trying to keep back a moan as she thought of the poor mother working that day,
Bridget looked around the room for something with which to play. Only an old stove, a chair, a table, a ragged mat before the door. But her glance has wandered to the narrow window pane.
Her thoughts fly far to the week she had spent in the country. Again she sees the meadows, the river with its great white water lilies, the bright green lanes and the woodlands.
When her mother came, Bridget had many pleasant things to tell her of the day spent with Memory.
The next morning a glad surprise awaited her. God had sent his artists and )ainted on her bit of window those flowers she loved.
Happy Bridget! Heaven is very near you and God's angels are teaching you to find true beauty in the thingsthe world passes by unnoticed. 46
The only great lesson. taught by thesepoems is the lesson of Love, love for our fellow beings, high and low, love for Nature, and love for Nature's God.
Other poems teat I found very beautifulwere:
"The Mystery of the Seed".
"The Brook that Ran into the Sea".
"A Child's Night-Thoughts".
"On The Stairway". 47
Yorks of William Dean Howells.
1-k chance ficquaintance. 21-Italian Journeys.
2-A Foregone Conclusion. 22-Tuscan Cities.
3-A Hazard of New Fortunes. 23-Venetian Life.
4-A Traveller 7rom Altruria. 24-A Little Swiss Sojourn.
5-Dr. Breen's 7ratice.
6-Farces. The Unexpected Guests. The Albany Depot. A Likely Story. The Garroters. A Letter of Introduction. Evening Dress. The Mouse Trap. Five O'clock Tea.
7-Mouse-Trap and other Farces.
s--The Coast of Bohemia. .9-The Sleeping Car and other Farces.
10-Indian Summer.
11-Out of the Question.
12-The Lady of the Aroostook.
13-The Minister's Charge; or,The Apprenticeship oLemuel Baker.
14-The Rise of Silias Lapham.
15-The Undiscovered Country.
16-The World of Chance.
17-A Boys' Town.
18-Criticism and Fiction.
19-Pcems. 20-Mcdren Italian Poets. 48
Works of Henry James.
1 -The Portrait of a Lady.
2-Roderick Hudson.
3-Daisy Miller.
4-The American.
5-The Europeans.
6-The P-,-ivate Life.
7-The Wheel of Time.
8-An International Episode.
9-A Passionate PiJ.4sria. and other Tales.
10-Essays in London.
11-Partial Portraits.
12- Portraits of Places.
13-A Little Tour in France. 49
Works of Francis MarionCrawford.
1--The Nov el
2-Mr. Isaacs.
3-Doctor Claudius.
4-A Roman Singer.
5-Sarcinesca.
6-Sant' Ilario.
7-Don Orsino.
8-Marion Daruhe.
9-To Leeward.
10-An American. Politician.
11-Zoroaster.
12-Tales of a Lonely Parish.
13-Marzio's Crucifix.
14-Paul Patoff.
15-With the Irimortals.
16-Greifenstein.
17-Cicarette--Maker's Ronance. 18-Khaled.
19-Witch of Prague.
20-Three Fates.
21-Children of the King.
22-Pietro Ghisleri. 50
Works of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. i -A Connecticut Yankee in KingArthur's Court.
2-A Tramp Abroad.
3-Adventurers of Huckleberry Finn.
4-Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
5-Innocents Abroad.
6-Lifeon the Mississippi.
7-The Gilded Ace.
8-The Prince and the Pauper.
9-Roughing It.
10-Short Stories and Sketuhes. 51
Works of Thomas Bailey Aldrich.
1- Collected Poems.
2-Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book.
3-XXX1TI Lyrics and XII Sonnets.
4-Poems. a-Mercedes and latter Lyrics. b-The Sister's Tragedy, and otherpoems. c- TTnguarded Gates, and other poems. d-Wyndham Towers. 52
Lucy Larcom's Works. 1-At the Beautiful Gate, and other Songs of Paith.
2-Childhood Songs.
3-Poetical Works.