DOCSLIB.ORG

Nuclear Monitor #686

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nuclear Monitor #686 APRIL 2, 2009 | No. 686 GERMAN COURT FORBIDS LONGER RUNNING TIMES FOR OLDEST NUKES Good news from the highest administrative court in Germany: The country's two oldest nuclear power stations are not allowed to extend their operation. Anti-nnuclear groups are likely to rejoice. This decision GERMAN COURT FORBIDS makes it even more likely that all nuclear power stations in Germany LONGER RUNNING TIMES FOR OLDEST NUKES 1 will stop operation in a bit more than a decade, as in the corresponding law. ANIMALS MORE AFFECTED BY CHERNOBYL RADIATION (686.5939) Diet Simon - The ruling by the Block A in Biblis was the first nuclear THAN THOUGHT 2 Federal Administrative Court in Leipzig power plant in the then West Germany, concerns the power stations at starting operation in 1961. Brunsbüttel AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT Brunsbüttel, about 90 kilometers from started up in 1976. Both nukes have a POISED FOR ANNOUNCEMENT Hamburg at the mouth of the Elbe River, history of mishaps, including near- ON CONTROVERSIAL WASTE and Biblis A, about 60 kilometers from meltdown at Brunsbüttel. Biblis has the DUMP 3 Frankfurt. Hamburg is Germany's dubious reputation of being a "junkyard AREVA'S MOX TRANSPORT: A second-largest city with about 1.7 million reactor" because of the frequency of its TRAVELING SECURITY people, Frankfurt its fourth-largest with breakdowns. THREAT 650,000. 5 The Leipzig judgment, handed down on Biblis A 2010 26 March, 2009, confirmed those of WIPP REQUESTS STIMULUS lower courts and rejected complaints by FUNDING FOR ALREADY Neckarwestheim 1 2010 FUNDED WORKT 6 the power companies operating the Biblis B 2010 plants. The owners wanted to achieve LOOKING FOR A HOLIDAY longer running times by transferring the Brunsbüttel 2012 DESTINATION IN EUROPE? 6 remaining output quota of another Isar 1 2011 station to these two. FRANCE: TRANSMUTATION TESTS ENDS AFTER CLOSURE Unterweser 2012 PHENIX FBR 7 There is tension in the fractious coalition Philippsburg 1 2012 government of conservatives and social BELARUS, A NUCLEAR POWER democrats over a past government's law PLANT, AND THE KGB 8 Grafenrheinfeld 2014 (the 2000 Phase-out law) to close down Krümmel 2019 all German nuclear power production in RECENT SASKATCHEWAN about ten years. According to the MINING ACTIVITIES AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 10 Gundremmingen 2015 German Ministry of the Environment Philippsburg 2 2018 (BMU), Biblis A has some 180 IN BRIEF 11 operational days to go ('Restlaufzeit'). Grohnde 2018 Because Brunsbüttel is out of operation Gundremmingen C 2015 since an accident in July 2007 the closure, originally planned spring 2009, Brokdorf 2019 is now set far beyond the September Isar 2 2020 general elections (actually 2012). Neckarwestheim-I will likely be the next Emsland 2020 one to be closed and has some 320 operational days left. According to the Neckarwestheim 2022 phase-out law, the last of the 17 nuclear power plants has to shut down in 2022. demonstration is also to commemorate Source: Diet Simon / website BMU: (See table) the 'Tractor-treck' 30 years ago, when http://www.erneuerbare- farmers from the Wendland-region energien.de/inhalt/43032/4590/ The power industry is lobbying hard to traveled to Hannover (the capital of have the law overturned and is backed Lower Saxony) to protest the plans for Contact: BI Umweltschutz Lüchow- in this by Chancellor Angela Merkel, a a reprocessing plant, a nuclear fuel Dannenberge.v., Rosenstr. 20, 29439 conservative. Nuclear power will be an plant, an interim storage and a final Lüchow, Germany important issue in the coming national disposal-facility at Gorleben. In Tel: +49 5841 4684 elections late September. On Hannover, five days later, 100,000 Email: buero@bi-luechow- September 5, three weeks before the people joined the farmers in one of the dannenberg.de elections, a nation-wide antinuclear largest anti-nuclear demonstrations in Web: www.bi-luechow-dannenberg.de demonstration is planned in Berlin. The Germany. ANIMALS WORSE AFFECTED BY CHERNOBYL RADIATION THAN THOUGHT A French-AAmerican study proves that radiation from Chernobyl nuclear disaster has affected animals far more than previously thought. Three years of extensive research shows a significant correlation between increasing radioactivity and declining number of species of insects and other invertebrates in the vicinity of Chernobyl. The numbers of bumblebees, butterflies, spiders, grasshoppers and other invertebrates are lower in contaminated sites than other areas because of high levels of radiation left over from the blast more than 20 years ago. (686.5940) Laka Foundation - The and barn swallows, but not on been no concerted effort to monitor the authors of the study note: "Pollination abundance of animals in relation to the long-term effects of Chernobyl on free- and predation are considered important disaster. In an earlier publication (2006) living organisms and humans?" And ecosystem services, and disruption the scientists said to be surprised that further on: "The official reports by IAEA, may affect the overall ecosystem up to now only little research has been WHO and UNDP were narrative functioning, suggesting that the done on the biological and ecological renditions of parts of the literature [..]. Chernobyl region and its surroundings consequences of Chernobyl in general. Scientific enquiry depends on rigorous is a perturbed ecosystem." Team They stated: "This research is the analysis of data rather than rendition of leaders Anders Møller, a researcher at consequence of investment by a few anecdotal evidence." the National Center for Scientific individuals, despite the fact that the Research in France, and Timothy effects of the disaster are continent- The only comparable data for Mousseau, at the University of South wide." More than a year ago the abundance and diversity of insects and Carolina, Columbia, report their findings researchers and two colleagues of other invertebrates at Chernobyl is a in an article called "Reduced them mopped the floor with most of the study on birds that show similar abundance of insects and spiders studies on the consequences of patterns. Almost two years ago Møller linked to radiation at Chernobyl 20 Chernobyl that had been done and had and Mousseau studied birds around years after the accident." in Biology received wide attention by the Chernobyl. They examined 7700 barn Letters, a journal published by The international media. They state: swallows from Chernobyl and Royal Society. "Although Chernobyl is perhaps the compared them with birds from largest environmental disaster ever, elsewhere. They found that Chernobyl's Møller and Mousseau say they are there has been minimal monitoring of swallows were more likely to have amazed to see that there had been no the status of free-living organisms or tumors, misshapen toes and feather other studies on this subject. There had humans in stark contrast to Hiroshima deformities than swallows from been published a few articles more and Nagasaki, where careful monitoring uncontaminated parts of Europe. than ten years ago on genetic damage has continued for over 60 years." They Rather than the impact of relocation caused by Chernobyl radiation, on mice asked themselves: "Why has there and stress and deteriorating living Call to participate in international "Chernobyl Day" action On Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of April 2009, let's get involved against nuclear power! Let's rally to organize a local "Masks against Denial" action. The action of April, the 26th 2008 found broad echo in the press (179 actions worldwide). In 2009, let's act locally for an even stronger mobilisation. The main action is easy to take even with few people and simply consists in wearing a mask while standing on a symbolic place. 3000 original masks branded with radioactivity signs, symbolising Chernobyl victims and people suffering because of civil and military uses of nuclear technology worldwide, have been designed for this very occasion. Our organisation, Réseau "Sortir du nucléaire", will see to a broad national communication campaign. We can propose you an example for a press release, flyers for the public and a big poster recalling World Health Organisation's 50 years of submission to the International Atomic Energy Agency. All together, during this day, we will make a strong address to the global public opinion. Register your action and order material for your action at: www.chernobylday.org 2 NUCLEAR MONITOR 686 conditions, as suggested by the IAEA in researchers told Reuters they also Sources: Reuters, 18 March 2009 / 2006, they suggested that nuclear found that animals living near the BBC, 18 March 2009 /Anders Pape fallout might be responsible for human damaged reactor or sarcophagus had Møller and Timothy A. Mousseau, birth defects in the region. "We don't more deformities, including "Reduced abundance of insects and fully understand the consequences of discoloration and stunted limbs, than spiders linked to radiation at Chernobyl low doses of radiation," said normal. To a science reporter of BBC 20 years after the accident." Biology Mousseau. "We should be more News Mousseau explained: "We want Letters, published online 18 March concerned about the human to expand the range of our coverage to 2009 / Anders Pape Møller and population." include insects, mammals and plants. Timothy A. Mousseau, "Biological This study is the next in the series." consequences of Chernobyl: 20 years Their latest findings challenge earlier on." Trends in Ecology and Evolution research that suggested animal Møller is suggesting not to restrict their Vol.21 No.4 April 2006 / A.P Møller, T.A populations were rebounding around activities to the direct vicinity of Mousseau, F de Lope and N Saino, the site of the Chernobyl. These studies Chernobyl. He said that many "Anecdotes and empirical research in ignored the fact that animal populations researchers are erroneously focusing Chernobyl." Biology Letters, 23 had grown unimpeded in the absence on the 30-kilometer radius around February 2008 vol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nuclear Suppliers Group
    Nuclear Suppliers Group February 23, 2016 23rd Asian Export Control Seminar Tokyo Ambassador Rafael Mariano Grossi 2015-2016 NSG Chair Export Controls and the International Nonproliferation Regime • Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons – 1970 entry into force – Foundation of global non-proliferation regime – Calls on States party to implement conditions of supply for sensitive equipment and material transfers • NPT Article III.2 Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to provide: (a) source or special fissionable material, or (b) equipment or material especially designed or prepared for the processing, use or production of special fissionable material, to any non-nuclear-weapon State for peaceful purposes, unless the source or special fissionable material shall be subjec t to the sa feguar ds requ ire d by this Ar tic le. 116 United Nations Member States have adopted nuclear export controls Export Controls and the International Nonproliferation Regime Nuclear export controls are just one means of halting the spread of nuclear weapons, along with: – IAEA safeguards – physical protection – material control and accounting measures MULTILATERAL NUCLEAR EXPORT CONTROLS Prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons by: • creating international standards for countries to support a principled position on nuclear nonproliferation • learning how proliferators exploit weaknesses to procure materials and capabilities necessary for a nuclear program Opportunities for Preventing Proliferation Vary • Fissile material production involves:
    [Show full text]
  • Npr12.2 India and the New Look of U.S. Nonproliferation Policy
    VIEWPOINT INDIA AND THE NEW LOOK OF U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICY William C. Potter U.S. nuclear export policy has undergone major transformations since 1945, and the most recent change, as expressed in the July 18, 2005, India-U.S. Joint Statement, represents an especially significant shift in policy. The document reverses more than a quarter century of U.S. declaratory policy, suggesting that the current U.S. administration regards nuclear proliferation to be both inevitable and not necessarily a bad thing. This article investigates this policy shift, looking at the history of U.S. nuclear export policy and the potential ramifications of the new policy on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The author also touches on the potential effects of the Joint Statement on Indian-Pakistani relations. Finally, it is suggested that it is not too late for India and the United States to change the new policy with more consideration for the NPT and the Nuclear Suppliers Group Initiative. KEYWORDS: India; U.S. nonproliferation policy; Nonproliferation; Nuclear; Nuclear exports; Nuclear proliferation The old football adage ‘‘You can’t tell the players without a program’’ applies increasingly to the international politics of nonproliferation. Gone are the days when the United States routinely lined up on the side of those pursuing the goal of halting and reversing the spread of nuclear weapons. This change in Washington’s nonproliferation game plan has been under way for some time, but it was most clearly expressed in the July 18, 2005, India-U.S. Joint Statement. This extraordinary document, which reverses more than a quarter-century of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Republic
    THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THE CENTRAL ANd EASTERN EUROPEAN RESOURCE COLLECTION ON NUCLEAR issues CZECH REPUBLIC UPdated ON 28 APRIL 2015 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republic is a member of both the EU and NATO and a signatory to multiple international disarmament and non-proliferation treaties. The Czech Republic vocally supports continued nuclear-sharing arrangements within NATO and a step-by-step approach to the total elimination of nuclear weapons. The Czech Republic is an active participant of the NPT review process, and in cooperation in the fields of nuclear non- proliferation, nuclear security and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The Czech WMD unit has also taken part in numerous international operations. Nuclear The Czech Republic does not possess, (IAEA) in force, and is a participating state in produce or host nuclear weapons on its the Wassenaar Arrangement. territory.1 The Czech Republic is party to the The Czech Republic’s capital, Prague, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and has hosted important nuclear-disarmament- ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban related events, particularly the introduction of Treaty (CTBT), as the first European country the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons to do so. The country is a member of the issued by U.S. President Barack Obama in Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger a 2009 speech and the signing ceremony Committee, has an Additional Protocol with of the U.S.–Russia New Start Treaty in May the International Atomic Energy Agency 2010. Nuclear DeterreNce,
    [Show full text]
  • Varelaszina.Pdf (428Kb)
    ANALYZING THE 2005-2008 U.S.-INDO CIVIL NUCLEAR COOPERATION DEAL AS A MODEL FOR DEALING WITH NUCLEAR RISING POWERS A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Security Studies By Zina Varelas, B.A. Washington, D.C. April 15, 2011 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Copyright 2011 by Zina Varelas All Rights ! ""! ANALYZING THE 2005-2008 U.S.-INDO CIVIL NUCLEAR COOPERATION DEAL AS A MODEL FOR DEALING WITH NUCLEAR RISING POWERS Zina Varelas, B.A. Thesis Advisor: Jennifer Sims, Professor, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Post 9/11, the United States and India overcame their traditional stances towards each other. Convergence of mutual interests in international politics, such as promoting democracy and fighting terrorism has led both countries to forge a strategic partnership. Collaboration extends across the economy, technology, and energy, sectors and includes a controversial civil nuclear cooperation deal. Since the deal, India is now the only country that can trade in nuclear materials without being a signatory to the Nuclear Non- proliferation Treaty.1 As a result, critics of the 2005-2008 deal are most concerned with its likely impact on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and stability in South Asia. This paper analyzes the US-Indo nuclear cooperation deal present-day and its impact on military developments and deterrence stability in both Pakistan and South Asia. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 Thompson, Elspeth, and Dickson Yeo. "India and the Nuclear Suppliers Group: ESI Bulletin on Energy Trends and Development." Bulletein Article. Energy Studies Institute, Dec.
    [Show full text]
  • NPR 1.1: the Nuclear Suppliers Group
    The Nuclear Suppliers Group by Tadeusz Strulak Ambassador Tadeusz Strulak served as Chairman of the Nuclear Suppliers Group meeting in 1992. He has been an ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency, and is currently an Advisor to the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs. This article is adapted from a paper prepared for a workshop on "The New Role of International Organizations in Nonproliferation" held at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, August 27-29, 1993. Nuclear Export Control: The Early Stages Article III.2 of the NPT) should govern the exports of these items to non-nuclear weapon states not party to the NPT. The question of nuclear export control arose as early as the These requirements obligated nuclear suppliers: exports themselves. Suppliers first sought safeguards and a) to obtain the recipient's assurance excluding uses of the assurances of the peaceful use of exported items in the exported items for a nuclear explosion; 1950s. They sought these assurances through the b) to subject those items, as well as the material on the implementation of bilateral agreements. At that time, the Trigger List produced through their use, to IAEA application of safeguards was entrusted to the International safeguards; Atomic Energy Agency after its creation in 1957, and to c) to ensure that Trigger List items are not re-exported to Euratom, which safeguarded exports to its member states. a third party unless the third party recipient meets the conditions of a) and b). The parties who signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation These requirements and the Trigger List were of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1968 agreed "..
    [Show full text]
  • Workshop on South Korea As a Responsible Nuclear Supplier
    Proliferation Prevention Program Workshop on South Korea as a Responsible Nuclear Supplier ABOUT THE WORKSHOP | Seoul, South Korea, February 18, 2013 Participating Scholars he Center for Strategic and Interna- Ttional Studies and the Asan Institute Dr. Emma Belcher for Policy Studies cohosted a workshop on “Korea as a Responsible Nuclear Supplier” Dr. Jor-shan Choi on February 18, 2013, at the Asan Insti- tute in Seoul. Experts from government, Dr. Ferenc Dalnoki-Veress academia, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and industry participated under Dr. Robert Gallucci Chatham House rules. Discussion focused on the opportunities and challenges the Dr. Alan Hanson Republic of Korea (ROK) will face as a new PNNL’s Gretchen Hund speaking on corporate nuclear exporter. For the past 30 years, South responsibilities. Mr. Mark Hibbs Korea has worked hard to acquire the capa- bilities to build its own nuclear power reactors, and in 2009, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ms. Gretchen Hund chose a South Korean consortium led by KEPCO to build four APR-1400 reactors at Baraka. In light of these developments, the workshop sought to define the responsibilities that accompany Dr. Jun Bong-Geun nuclear supply and to explore how to carry out such responsibilities in practice. Dr. Lee Jong-Ho The discussion paper (Appendix A) suggested definitions of responsible nuclear supply. The workshop agenda (Appendix B) divided discussion into four main areas: capacity Dr. Lee Kun Jai issues that the South Korean nuclear industry will experience at home; trends in inter- national nuclear supply; building export capacity in Korea; and elements of responsible Dr. Steven Miller nuclear supply.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
    U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement Mark Holt Specialist in Energy Policy Mary Beth D. Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation May 6, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33192 U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement Summary Negotiated by the Reagan Administration nearly 30 years ago, the current U.S. peaceful nuclear cooperation agreement with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is set to expire on December 30, 2015. President Obama submitted a new 30-year U.S.-China nuclear cooperation agreement for congressional review on April 21, 2015. Among other provisions, the agreement would allow for uranium enrichment up to a level less than 20% U-235 and Chinese reprocessing of U.S.- obligated material at safeguarded facilities. Such agreements are often called “123 agreements” because they are required by Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (P.L. 95-242). They are a prerequisite for any significant nuclear cooperation with another country, such as exports of nuclear power plants and components and the transfer of nuclear material. Since the original agreement was concluded before China was a member of the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), some changes to the text were required. The renewal agreement was submitted for congressional review on April 21, 2015. It complies with the relevant provisions of the Atomic Energy Act and therefore is subject to a review period totalling 90 days of continuous session. If no resolution of disapproval is passed into law before that deadline, then the agreement may enter into force. Almost 13 years passed between the time President Reagan submitted the current 123 agreement to Congress in July 1985 and its implementation in March 1998 under President Clinton.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Statement Plenary Meeting of the Nuclear Suppliers Group Bern, Switzerland, 22–23 June 2017
    PUBLIC STATEMENT PLENARY MEETING OF THE NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP BERN, SWITZERLAND, 22–23 JUNE 2017 The twenty-seventh Plenary Meeting of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), 1 chaired by Ambassador Benno Laggner of Switzerland, was held in Bern, Switzerland, on 22 and 23 June 2017. The President of the Swiss Confederation, H.E. Ms. Doris Leuthard, welcomed the Participating Governments on behalf of the Swiss Government and reaffirmed Switzerland’s commitment to the work of the Group at a time when the principle of nuclear non-proliferation continued to be at the centre of international stability. The President highlighted the central role of the NSG in international efforts against the spread of nuclear weapons and its contribution to the international nuclear non-proliferation architecture with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) at its centre. The NSG took stock of developments since the last meeting in Seoul in 2016. Participating Governments reiterated their firm support for the full, complete and effective implementation of the NPT as the cornerstone of the international non-proliferation regime. Within the framework of the NSG’s mandate, the Group exchanged information on and expressed its concerns regarding continued global proliferation activities and reaffirmed its determination to continue to cooperate closely in order to deter, hinder and prevent the transfer of controlled items or technology that could contribute to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. The Participating Governments reconfirmed their commitment to UNSCRs 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016) and 2356 (2017), which strongly condemned the DPRK‘s nuclear tests.
    [Show full text]
  • THE REVISED NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP GUIDELINES: a EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE Andrea Viski
    EU NON-PROLIFERATION CONSORTIUM The European network of independent non-proliferation think tanks NON-PROLIFERATION PAPERS No. 15 May 2012 THE REVISED NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP GUIDELINES: A EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE andrea viski I. INTRODUCTION SUMMARY On 24 June 2011 the Nuclear Suppliers Group This paper discusses the negotiations leading up to the (NSG) issued a public statement announcing the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) agreement on enrichment strengthening of its guidelines on nuclear enrichment and reprocessing (ENR) in June 2011 and the consequences and reprocessing (ENR) transfers. The agreement of the decision on nuclear non-proliferation, with a particular emphasis on the European Union (EU) followed almost a decade of negotiations spurred by perspective. The paper focuses on the NSG and its non- a fast-evolving post-cold war landscape in which the proliferation role, as well as the context of the nuclear ENR threat of nuclear proliferation has become a major issue. Further, it analyses the main factors involved in concern for the international community. Acting on pushing the ENR issue into the NSG forum and the course this concern, the European Union (EU) identified the of negotiations leading up to the changes in the NSG proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) as guidelines. Finally, the paper examines the revised the greatest threat to its security in the 2003 European guidelines and identifies their effects on the international Security Strategy and the associated EU Strategy non-proliferation regime, especially within the context of against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction the EU Strategy against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass (WMD Strategy), both of which emphasized the salient Destruction.
    [Show full text]
  • NSG) Membership
    India and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Membership Sario Bano* Abstract: The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) was founded in 1974 in response to the Indian nuclear test to prevent the nuclear proliferation by controlling nuclear exports. In 2008, the NSG exempted India from its full scope safeguards (FSS) condition, making it first country to be allowed to have nuclear trade with NSG members along with its nuclear weapons program. India got this waiver after tough negotiations and resisted strong nonproliferation conditions. India is now bidding for the NSG membership. This paper analyses the prospects for the membership in light of the waiver negotiations and how the waiver negotiations can guide us about the likely path of membership. This study concludes that India will resist the non proliferation conditions and the U.S. and India have to invest massive diplomatic efforts to reach a formula that addresses the nonproliferation concerns of member states. Keywords: Nuclear Suppliers Group, Indian waiver, the United States, NSG membership, Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime *PhD candidate in Centre for Military and Strategic Studies (CMSS) at the University of Calgary ALTERNATIVES TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL REALTIONS www.alternativesjournal.net India and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Membership Introduction The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a multinational body that aims to prevent nuclear exports for peaceful purposes from being used to make nuclear weapons. The NSG was founded in 1974 in response to the Indian nuclear test that demonstrated that peaceful nuclear technology could be readily turned to nuclear weapons development. On September 6, 2008, the NSG exempted India from its guidelines, making it the first country that had not signed the NPT (Treaty on Nuclear Non- | 59 Proliferation) to be allowed to have nuclear trade with NSG members.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Proposals to Strengthen the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty a Resource Guide for the 2010 Review Conference
    Arms Control Association Major Proposals to Strengthen the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty A ResouRce Guide foR the 2010 Review confeRence March 2010 Cole Harvey with the ACA Research Staff Arms Control Association Major Proposals to Strengthen the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty A ResouRce Guide foR the 2010 Review confeRence March 2010 Cole Harvey with the ACA Research Staff About the Author Cole Harvey served as a Herbert Scoville Jr. Peace Fellow at the Arms Control Association from February through November 2009. He is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh and currently works as a Research Associate for the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies in Washington, D.C. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Arms Control Association, and in particular Daryl Kimball, for the opportunity to research and write on the variety of nuclear policy issues contained in this report. The process has been enormously instructive. I would also like to thank Tom Collina, Peter Crail, and Dan Horner for reading drafts of the report as it neared completion. Their close reading saved me from the embarrassment of a few subtle, but important errors. Thanks also to Brian Creamer for layout and design, and to Brian Allen for copyediting above and beyond the call of duty. I would also like to acknowledge the authors of the 2005 version of this research guide, Clare Applegarth and Rhianna Tyson, for their important work and inspiration for this, the 2010 edition. Lastly, I am indebted to the Scoville Fellowship for the privilege of entering the arms control field at such an exciting time.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 13B. Legal Aspects of the Indian–US Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative
    Appendix 13B. Legal aspects of the Indian–US Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative CHRISTER AHLSTRÖM I. Introduction On 18 July 2005 US President George W. Bush and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh launched the Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative (CNCI).1 For the United States, the CNCI was designed to allow US exports of civilian nuclear tech- nology to India, while India, in essence, pledged to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons to non-nuclear weapon states. The CNCI was preceded by an agreement on 28 June 2005 between the two countries’ defence ministers, which stipulated inter alia that India and the USA would ‘expand [their] collaboration relating to missile defense’.2 The two agreements are steps in the development of a strategic partnership between India and the USA that was formally initiated in 2004 in a process called the Next Steps in Strategic Partnership (NSSP).3 The NSSP is founded on a growing realization in the USA of the geopolitical advantages that would follow from closer ties with India. For India, the main advantage—apart from recognition of what it sees as its status as a ‘responsible nuclear weapon power’—is the prospect of technical assistance for its endeavour to increase its production of nuclear energy for the rapidly growing Indian economy.4 The declared willingness of the USA to engage with India in the field of civil nuclear technology and missile defence has raised concerns about the impact of this move on the integrity of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Commentators have also expressed concerns, describing the CNCI as a non-proliferation ‘reality check’ or a ‘sea change’ of policy.5 If India and the USA carry out their declared policy, and if 1 The White House, ‘Joint statement between President George W.
    [Show full text]