DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Empirical Approach to Lepton and Quark Masses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Empirical Approach to Lepton and Quark Masses Anewempiricalapproachtoleptonandquarkmasses Kevin Loch⇤ (Dated: 2017 February 27, updated November 11) 2 3 Aleptonratiowithasmalldimensionlessresidualke = mem⌧ /mµ and mass scaling factor ↵f =27me/m⌧ are used to construct empirical formulas for charged leptons, left-handed neutrinos and quarks. The predicted masses are in excellent agreement with known experimental values and constraints. PACS numbers: 14.60.Pq, 12.15.Ff, 12.10.Kt I. INTRODUCTION 3500:1. If this is not just a coincidence we can attempt to find factors that cancel out with this formula to learn One outstanding problem in modern physics is the more about the underlying structure. We can then at- seemingly unrelated particle masses that exist as free tempt to apply those factors to search for similar struc- parameters in the standard model. Numerous attempts tures in other sectors. have been made over the years to derive a systematic Mac Gregor proposed using different exponents of the mathematical relationship between these masses, most QED coupling constant to explain fermion lifetimes and famously by Yoshio Koide with his charged lepton for- mass relationships using the zero energy scale ↵QED(0) mula [1, 2] [26, 27]. While we have not found convincing relation- ships with ↵QED(0) we do find m + m + m 2 e µ ⌧ m K = 2 . (1) e (pme + pmµ + pm⌧ ) ' 3 ↵f = 27 (3) m⌧ While this approximation works for charged leptons, and 1 interesting with a value ↵f− 128.786. This is close appears to work for some combinations of quarks with ' 1 2 ↵− (M )= running masses, it does not work for neutrinos or at- to the effective QED coupling constant QED Z tempt to relate all fundamental fermions in a consistent 128.944 [28]. Despite the similarity in value to an ef- manner. It does however hint at the possibility of find- fective QED coupling constant we are assuming that ↵f ing other more fundamental relationships. Indeed, Koide is a separate parameter related only to mass generation and others [1–24] have used it as inspiration for extended and not electric charge. With (2) and (3) we can derive models to cover other fermions. lepton formulas While these extended Koide models are interesting we me present an alternative structure for charged leptons that mµ =9 1 2 , (4) k 3 ↵ 3 is easily applied to other sectors. we find these formu- e f las appear to relate all fundamental lepton and quark pole (physical) masses. This allows precise predictions me m⌧ = 27 . (5) of neutrino and quark pole masses. If correct this would ↵f significantly reduce the number of free parameters in the standard model (extended for neutrinos with mass). With our choice of definitions for ke and ↵f we have dis- covered an interesting and surprisingly simple charged lepton mass structure that could be used to look for sim- II. CHARGED LEPTONS ilar patterns in other sectors. We begin by considering the small dimensionless resid- ual value in a charged lepton structure proposed by Ter- III. NEUTRINO SECTOR azawa [25] We will now use ↵f and a sector structure formula similar to (2) to look for formulas for left handed neu- 2 mem⌧ trinos and predict mass state values for them. While ke = 3 1.37. (2) mµ ' neutrino mass states have not been directly measured yet numerous neutrino oscillation experiments have es- As with the Koide formula most of the mass differences tablished increasingly refined limits on neutrino squared cancel despite the input masses having a range of over mass differences [29]. Cosmological models also put con- straints on the sum of the three mass states [30]. By looking for equations of similar form to (4) and (5) and testing against the experimental neutrino constraints we ⇤ [email protected] can identify candidate neutrino mass formulas. Given 2 o that the experimental bounds on the neutrino mass states with ✓ke⌫ 24.42 . This is smaller than the weak mixing ' o ⇡ have them much closer together than the charged leptons angle ✓W 28.17 by approximately 48 radians. If the ' ⇡ we assume the same exponent of ↵f would need to ap- relationship is exactly ✓W = ✓ke⌫ + 48 then it would be 2 pear in each formula. By also using the same integer possible to calculate sin ✓W =0.222928(26) and mW = coefficients as the charged lepton formulas we find a sur- 80.3834(32) MeV,anorderofmagnitudemoreprecise prisingly close match to the experimental squared mass than previously known. differences when setting the neutrino residual k 6.64. ⌫ ' This results in left-handed neutrino sector formulas IV. QUARK SECTOR 2 m1m k = 3 6.64. (6) ⌫ m3 ' We will now attempt to apply the techniques we used 2 relating masses in the lepton sector to quarks. The quark sector residual formulas similar to (2) and (6) are 4 3 2 m1 = ↵f me 1.86 10− eV/c , (7) ' ⇥ 2 mdmb kd = 3 , (17) 4 ms ↵f 3 2 m2 =9 1 me 8.90 10− eV/c , (8) 3 ' ⇥ k⌫ 2 mumtop ku = 3 . (18) mc 4 2 2 m3 = 27↵f me 5.02 10− eV/c . (9) ' ⇥ While most attempts to find relationships between lep- These proposed masses give squared mass differences of tons and quarks use renormalized running masses we 2 5 2 4 have surprisingly found the best overall results using pole ∆m 7.56 10− eV /c , (10) 21 ' ⇥ masses for the heavy quarks. The deconfined nature 2 3 2 4 ∆m 2.51 10− eV /c , (11) of the top quark has enabled It’s mass to be measured 31 ' ⇥ 2 3 2 4 through decay products in particle collision experiments. ∆m32 2.44 10− eV /c , (12) ' ⇥ The best fit we have found to the global average mtop and the sum of all three mass states pole mass using ↵f and simple coefficients is 2 2 me 2 ⌃m⌫ =6.09 10− eV/c . (13) mtop = 3 173.72 GeV/c . (19) '⇥ 2⇡↵f ' These predicted values are in excellent agreement with recent global analysis of oscillation experiments [29, 31] Several different analysis modes exists on data from the for normal mass ordering (m⌫1 <m⌫2 <m⌫3 )andthe ongoing top quark experiments at the LHC with a com- sum is just below cosmological model limits [30]. A com- prehensive summary in [32]. Our predicted pole mass is parison of our predicted values to experiments is shown an excellent match for recent analysis including the 2016 PDG pole mass average of m = 173.5 1.1GeV/c2 in table I. Remarkably, these equations have the identical top ± integer coefficients (1, 9, 27) as our charged lepton formu- [31]. We also have a particularly close match to the cen- +1.0 las and also satisfy a left handed neutrino sector struc- ter value of Mt = 173.7 1.5 1.4 0.5 reported in [33]. ± ± − ture equation similar to (2) for charged leptons. Right For the bottom and charm quarks we target the pole handed sterile neutrinos, if the exist do not yet have reli- masses derived from perturbative QCD MS mass analysis able constraints established from which we could search from collider experiments. The best formulas we have for similar relationships. found using ↵f and relatively simple coefficients for the At this point we must ask why the sector residual fac- bottom and charm quarks are tors ke and k⌫ only appear as terms in the second gener- me 2 ation and if their values are related? While we do not yet mb = 1 4.78 GeV/c , (20) 2 2 ' have an answer to the first question, the second may be ⇡ ↵f answered by looking at the sum of the lepton residuals me 2 k` = ke + k⌫ 8. (14) mc =2 1 1.69 GeV/c . (21) ' 3 2 ' ku ↵f If their sum is exactly 8 we can express the residuals with an angle ✓ke⌫ such that ku = 16 (22) 2 k⌫ = 8cos ✓ke⌫ , (15) These predicted pole masses are in excellent agreement with recent pole mass evaluations of mb =4.78 k = 8sin2✓ , ± e ke⌫ (16) 0.06 GeV and m =1.67 0.07 GeV [31]. c ± 3 For the light quarks perturbative QCD does not pro- pare them directly. The quark sector residuals can be vide reliable pole masses so we are left to extrapolate expressed in terms of an angle ✓ 19.47o such that kud ' formulas from the heavy quarks. Having proposed for- 2 mulas for mtop and mc we can extract from (18) kd = 144cos ✓kud , (26) ⇡2 2 2 mu = me 2.52 MeV/c . k = 144sin ✓ . (27) 2 ' u kud While this value is close to the lattice theory derived MS Looking at different combinations of the lepton and quark mass commonly quoted m 2.2MeV/c2,wecaution residuals we find that u ' against comparing our predicted light quark pole masses kd to renormalized light quark masses directly. For the down k` = =8, (28) quark we assume a similar structure to our up quark ku formula and a ratio m /m 0.5.Withthatcriteria u d ' our proposed formulas for the down and strange quarks ku are =2. (29) k` m =⇡2m 5.04 MeV/c2, (23) d e ' V. COMBINED VIEW 1 ⇡ 3 me 2 ms = 1 4 96.6MeV/c , (24) k 3 ↵ 3 ' While the preceding formulas in terms of me are conve- d f nient for calculating precision predicted values it is more interesting to view them together in terms of the Higgs k = 128. (25) vacuum expectation value v 246.22 GeV [31]. With the d ' top quark Yukawa coupling y = p2m /v 0.99779 we t top ' These are also close to the lattice theory MS masses can rewrite all of our proposed formulas in terms of yt though as mentioned before it is not appropriate to com- and v: 7 ytv 3 ytv 3 3 ytv 3 3 ytv m⌫ = 2⇡↵ ,me = 2⇡↵ ,md = 2⇡ ↵ ,mu = ⇡ ↵ , 1 f p2 f p2 f p2 f p2 7 4 5 7 3 3 3 2⇡↵f ytv 2⇡↵f ytv 2⇡ ↵f ytv ⇡↵f ytv m⌫2 =9 1 ,mµ =9 1 ,ms = 1 ,mc = 1 , 3 p2 0 3 1 p2 0 3 1 p2 3 p2 k⌫ ! ke kd ku ! @ A @ A 7 ytv 2 ytv 1 ytv ytv m⌫ = 27 2⇡↵ ,m⌧ = 27 2⇡↵ ,mb = 2⇡ 2 ↵f ,mtop = .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tests of a Family Gauge Symmetry Model at 103 Tev Scale
    Physics Letters B 695 (2011) 279–284 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Letters B www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb Tests of a family gauge symmetry model at 103 TeV scale ∗ Yoshio Koide a, , Yukinari Sumino b, Masato Yamanaka c a Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan b Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan c MISC, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan article info abstract Article history: Based on a specific model with U(3) family gauge symmetry at 103 TeV scale, we show its experimental Received 5 October 2010 signatures to search for. Since the gauge symmetry is introduced with a special purpose, its gauge Received in revised form 16 November 2010 coupling constant and gauge boson mass spectrum are not free. The current structure in this model Accepted 20 November 2010 leads to family number violations via exchange of extra gauge bosons. We investigate present constraints Available online 24 November 2010 from flavor changing processes and discuss visible signatures at LHC and lepton colliders. Editor: T. Yanagida © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Family gauge symmetry Family number violations LHC extra gauge boson search 1. Introduction First,letusgiveashortreview:“Whydoweneedafamily gauge symmetry?” In the charged lepton sector, we know that an empirical relation [4] In the current flavor physics, it is a big concern whether fla- vors can be described by concept of “symmetry” or not. If the flavors are described by a symmetry (family symmetry), it is also me + mμ + mτ 2 K ≡ √ √ √ = (1) interesting to consider that the symmetry is gauged.
    [Show full text]
  • Publication List (2004 – April 2018)
    Publication List (2004 { April 2018) 1. \Another Formula for the Charged Lepton Masses", Yoshio Koide , Phys. Lett. B, 777 131-133 (2018) 2. \Structure of Right-Handed Neutrino Mass Matrix", Yoshio Koide , Phys. Rev. D, 96, 095005 (2017) 3. \Flavon VEV Scales in U(3)×U(3)0 Model", Yoshio Koide, Hiroyuki Nishiura, Int.J. Mod. Phys. A 32, 1750085-1-25 (2017) 4. \Sumino's Cancellation Mechanism in an Anomaly-Free Model", Yoshio Koide, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 32, 1750062-10 (2017) 5. \Muon-Electron Conversion in a Family Gauge Boson Model", Yoshio Koide, Masato Yamanaka, Phys. Lett. B 762, 41-46 (2016) 6. \Quark and Lepton Mass Matrices Described by Charged Lepton Masses", Yoshio Koide, Hiroyuki Nishiura, Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 31, 1650125-1-13 (2016) 7. \ Quark and Lepton Mass Matrix Model with Only Six Family-Independent Parameters", Yoshio Koide, Hiroyuki Nishiura, Phys.Rev.D 92, 111301(R) 1-6 (2015) 8. \Quark and lepton mass matrix model with only six family-independent parameters", Yoshio Koide, Hiroyuki Nishiura, Phys. Rev. D, 92, 111301(R)1-6 (2015). 9. \Family gauge boson production at the LHC", Yoshio Koide, Masato Yamanaka and Hiroshi Yokoya, Phys. Lett. B, 750, 384-389 (2015). 10. \Family gauge boson mass estimated from K+ ! π+νν¯", Yoshio Koide, Phys. Rev. D, 92, 036009-1 - 036009-5 (2015). 11. \Can family gauge bosons be visible by terrestrial experiments?", Yoshio Koide, JPS Conf. Proc. , 010009-010013 (2015). 12. \Origin of hierarchical structures of quark and lepton mass matrices", Yoshio Koide, Hiroyuki Nishiura, Phys. Rev. D, 91, 116002-1-10 (2015).
    [Show full text]
  • A Preon Model from Manasson's Theory II Fabrizio Vassallo Facebook.Com/Fabrizio.Vassallo.98 in [1,2] Manasson Applied Dissipativ
    A Preon Model from Manasson's Theory II Fabrizio Vassallo facebook.com/fabrizio.vassallo.98 In this short note I resubmit the model presented in vixra 1002.0054 with some corrections. The mass of the Higgs boson has an integer relation with a particle of the model. A conjecture is made about a possible internal structure of protons, neutrons, W bosons and neutrinos. One questioned me, “Are you going to Dr. Stephen Albert’s house?” The Garden of Forking Paths Jorge Luis Borges In [1,2] Manasson applied dissipative chaos theory to particle physics, presenting a formula relating the fine structure constant α with Feigenbaum constant δ: a = (2pd2)-1 Following his schema we were led, assuming a principle of halving of the quantum number at every bifurcation, to conjecture the existence of the “mark” and of the “supermark”, two particles with spin ¼ and ⅛, respectively. Proposed schema of particles spin charge strong weak dim (s,t) mass graviton 1 (1,0) photon 1 2 (2,0) electron ½ 1 4 (3,1) me = 0.511 MeV mark ¼ ½ 1 8 (6,2) me/4a = 17.5 MeV supermark ⅛ ¼ ½ 1 16 (12,4) me/(4a)^2 = 586.5 MeV At every bifurcation a new quantum number springs up, and previous quantum numbers are halved. The four quantum numbers are spin, electric charge, “strong charge” and “weak charge”. It seems that the hypothetical dissipative nonlinear dynamical process underlying the production of particles creates also dimensions. The fabric of particles is the fabric of spacetimes. [3] In [4] one can read: “The dimension of the space-time may also be a "dynamical" variable (...) If pregeometry is right, all the properties of the space-time may be attributed to those of the matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Koide Mass Equations for Hadrons
    Koide mass equations for hadrons Carl Brannen∗1 18500 148th Ave. NE, T-1064, Redmond, WA, USA Email: Carl Brannen∗- [email protected]; ∗Corresponding author Abstract Koide's mass formula relates the masses of the charged leptons. It is related to the discrete Fourier transform. We analyze bound states of colored particles and show that they come in triplets also related by the discrete Fourier transform. Mutually unbiased bases are used in quantum information theory to generalize the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to finite Hilbert spaces. The simplest complete set of mutually unbiased bases is that of 2 dimensional Hilbert space. This set is compactly described using the Pauli SU(2) spin matrices. We propose that the six mutually unbiased basis states be used to represent the six color states R, G, B, R¯, G¯, and B¯. Interactions between the colors are defined by the transition amplitudes between the corresponding Pauli spin states. We solve this model and show that we obtain two different results depending on the Berry-Pancharatnam (topological) phase that, in turn, depends on whether the states involved are singlets or doublets under SU(2). A postdiction of the lepton masses is not convincing, so we apply the same method to hadron excitations and find that their discrete Fourier transforms follow similar mass relations. We give 39 mass fits for 137 hadrons. PACS Codes: 12.40.-y, 12.40.Yx, 03.67.-a 1 Background Introduction The standard model of elementary particle physics takes several dozen experimentally measured characteristics of the leptons and quarks as otherwise arbitrary parameters to the theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass-Spectrum of Charged Leptons from the Planck Mass
    Universal Journal of Physics and Application 10(6): 207-211, 2016 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujpa.2016.100605 Mass-spectrum of Charged Leptons from the Planck Mass A.A. Kotkov P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation Copyright©2016 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract There are three generations of charged Planck mass. leptons - the electron, muon, and tau. Masses of elementary particles are considered as fundamental constants. Modern physics believes these masses could be calculated from 2. Historical Background more fundamental mass scale, e.g., the Planck mass. Scientists seek for such relationship for many years. In 1952, Nambu [5] proposed a unit of mass MN = me / α ≈ However, a relation between mass-spectrum of charged 137 me, where me is the electron mass and α is the leptons and the Planck mass is still unknown. Here we show fine-structure constant. He suggested that the mass of a a way to derive the mass-spectrum of charged leptons from particle can be written as m(N) ≈ N MN , where N is “mass the Planck mass. number,” which can be either integer {0, 1, 2 ...} or half-integer {1/2, 3/2, 5/2 ...}. For example, N is equal to 2 Keywords Electron, Muon, Tau-lepton for the pion (π meson) and N = 3/2 for the muon mm 3 m m ≈ e . (1) m 2 α 1.
    [Show full text]
  • ( | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 19 May 2020
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 19 May 2020 Peer-reviewed version available at Symmetry 2020, 12, 1000; doi:10.3390/sym12061000 1 INFORMATIONALLY COMPLETE CHARACTERS FOR 2 QUARK AND LEPTON MIXINGS 3 MICHEL PLANATy, RAYMOND ASCHHEIMz, 4 MARCELO M. AMARALz AND KLEE IRWINz Abstract. A popular account of the mixing patterns for the three generations of quarks and leptons is through the characters κ of a fi- nite group G. Here we introduce a d-dimensional Hilbert space with d = cc(G), the number of conjugacy classes of G. Groups under con- sideration should follow two rules, (a) the character table contains both two- and three-dimensional representations with at least one of them faithful and (b) there are minimal informationally complete measure- ments under the action of a d-dimensional Pauli group over the charac- ters of these representations. Groups with small d that satisfy these rules coincide in a large part with viable ones derived so far for reproducing simultaneously the CKM (quark) and PNMS (lepton) mixing matrices. Groups leading to physical CP violation are singled out. 5 PACS: 03.67.-a, 12.15.Ff, 12.15.Hh, 03.65.Fd, 98.80.Cq 6 Keywords: Informationally complete characters, quark and lepton mixings, CP viola- 7 tion, Pauli groups 8 1. Introduction 9 In the standard model of elementary particles and according to the current 10 experiments there exist three generations of matter but we do not know 11 why. The matter particles are fermions of spin 1=2 and comprise the quarks 12 (responsible for the strong interactions) and leptons (responsible for the 13 electroweak interactions as shown in Table 1 and Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Koide Formula: Beyond Charged Leptons the Waterfall in the Quark Sector
    Introduction Biblography of Koide Equation Quarks bonus worksheets final Koide formula: beyond charged leptons The waterfall in the quark sector Alejandro Rivero Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza October 3, 2014 [email protected] Koide Formula other unexplained fine-tuning... Compare 1882:99=1882:97 = 1:00001 with mtop=174:1 = :995 Introduction Biblography of Koide Equation Quarks bonus worksheets final By \Koide formula" we refer to a formula found by Y. Koide for charged leptons, exact enough to predict tau mass within experimental limits 2 p p p (m + m + m ) = ( m + m + m )2 e µ τ 3 e µ τ exp, in MeV: 1882:99= 1882 :97 It was found in the context of composite models of quarks and leptons, but can be produced more generally. More informally, we also call "Koide formula" to its generalisations and look-alikes [email protected] Koide Formula Introduction Biblography of Koide Equation Quarks bonus worksheets final By \Koide formula" we refer to a formula found by Y. Koide for charged leptons, exact enough to predict tau mass within experimental limits 2 p p p (m + m + m ) = ( m + m + m )2 e µ τ 3 e µ τ exp, in MeV: 1882:99= 1882 :97 It was found in the context of composite models of quarks and leptons, but can be produced more generally. More informally, we also call "Koide formula" to its generalisations and look-alikes other unexplained fine-tuning... Compare 1882:99=1882:97 = 1:00001 with mtop=174:1 = :995 [email protected] Koide Formula Introduction Biblography of Koide Equation Quarks bonus worksheets final potential model It is possible consider mi as a composite of two entities with charge Q0 and Qi such that 1 1 m / Q2 + Q Q + Q2 i 2 0 0 i 2 i P P 2 P 2 and asking the \matching conditions" Qi = 0 and Qi = Q0 .
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting Constraints of Fourth-Generation Quarks and Leptons
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 May 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0409.v1 Revisiting Constraints of Fourth-Generation Quarks and Leptons Aayush Verma India Email: [email protected] Standard Model is well-performing under the three-generation, but in the wake of more physics, fourth-generation leptons and quarks are introduced. In this paper, I created a model surrounding quarks and leptons and tried to show the importance of quarks to understand the baryogenesis. I talked about and set the lower limits of t' and b'. And predicted an updated version of lower bounds and precise masses of quarks and leptons. In Sec. II. I mathematically predicted the Higgs boson anomaly in the new standard model due to neutrinos and leptons. And in final, I talked about the Unified Standard Model. Keyword Beyond the Standard Model; Fourth Generation Particles; Lepton Sector; Quarks Sector I. INTRODUCTION Higgs Boson would decay to a pair of neutrinos. The reason for taking these masses of quarks a thou- In recent years the SM4, the upgraded version of sand times the third generation quarks is because we SM3 has been in point of attraction by many physi- want to know the Baryon Symmetry CP Violation, cists. After the last piece, Higgs Boson in the SM3, which is a strong candidate for Sakharov conditions there are many questions in paucity about the masses [5]. The CP Violation is suppressed by s, c, and b of next Leptons and Quarks. In SM3, the mass of quarks because of their low masses [6]. If these new Higgs Boson is 125:18 ± 0:16 GeV [1], but there is quarks are proven(which is not possible now) then we quite an update that we will encounter with the Higgs can admit that baryon asymmetry is the reason be- masses.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting Constraints of Fourth-Generation Quarks and Leptons
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 21 September 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0409.v5 Revisiting Constraints of Fourth-Generation Quarks and Leptons Aayush Verma Jeewan Public School, Chandmari, Motihari - 845401, India Email: [email protected] Standard Model is well-performing under the three-generation, but in the wake of more physics, fourth-generation leptons and quarks are introduced. In this paper, We will be reviewing various constraints surrounding quarks and leptons of 4th Generation and tried to show the importance of quarks to understand the baryogenesis. We talked about, reviewed existing parameters and set the updated lower limits of t' and b' by analysis. And predicted an updated version of lower mass bounds quarks and leptons. It is also reviewed that fourth-generation leptons are primarily not possible because of disintegration of Higgs Boson and an interpretation has been setup. And in final, we talked about the Unified Standard Model. Keyword Beyond the Standard Model; Fourth Generation Particles; Lepton Sector; Quarks Sector 1. INTRODUCTION neutrino m ≤ 1 M . We can assume the identical vl0 2 Z 1 lower bound for charged lepton ml0 ∼ 2 MZ . But In recent years the SM4, the upgraded version of there is another anomaly, if the mass is correct, then SM3 has been in point of attraction by many physi- Higgs Boson would decay to a pair of neutrinos. cists. After the last piece, Higgs Boson in the SM3, there are many questions in paucity about the masses The reason for taking these masses of quarks of next Leptons and Quarks. In SM3, the mass of a thousand times the third generation quarks is Higgs Boson is 125:18±0:16 GeV [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Tests of a Family Gauge Symmetry Model at 103 Tev Scale ∗ Yoshio Koide A, , Yukinari Sumino B, Masato Yamanaka C
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Physics Letters B 695 (2011) 279–284 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Letters B www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb Tests of a family gauge symmetry model at 103 TeV scale ∗ Yoshio Koide a, , Yukinari Sumino b, Masato Yamanaka c a Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan b Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan c MISC, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan article info abstract Article history: Based on a specific model with U(3) family gauge symmetry at 103 TeV scale, we show its experimental Received 5 October 2010 signatures to search for. Since the gauge symmetry is introduced with a special purpose, its gauge Received in revised form 16 November 2010 coupling constant and gauge boson mass spectrum are not free. The current structure in this model Accepted 20 November 2010 leads to family number violations via exchange of extra gauge bosons. We investigate present constraints Available online 24 November 2010 from flavor changing processes and discuss visible signatures at LHC and lepton colliders. Editor: T. Yanagida © 2010 Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY license. Keywords: Family gauge symmetry Family number violations LHC extra gauge boson search 1. Introduction First,letusgiveashortreview:“Whydoweneedafamily gauge symmetry?” In the charged lepton sector, we know that an empirical relation [4] In the current flavor physics, it is a big concern whether fla- vors can be described by concept of “symmetry” or not. If the flavors are described by a symmetry (family symmetry), it is also me + mμ + mτ 2 K ≡ √ √ √ = (1) interesting to consider that the symmetry is gauged.
    [Show full text]
  • For Charged Leptons
    Rencontres du Vietnam-2018 Windows on the Universe A fine-tuned interpretation of the charged lepton mass hierarchy in a microscopic cosmological model Vo Van Thuan Duy Tan University (DTU) 3 Quang Trung street, Hai Chau district, Danang, Vietnam Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VINATOM-Hanoi) Email: [email protected] ICISE-Quy Nhon, Vietnam, August 05-11, 2018 Contents 1. Time-Space Symmetry: Motivation–Cylindrical Geometry 2. Dual solutions of the gravitational equation for a microscopic cosmology 3. Charged lepton mass hierarchy in the first order approximation 4. The second approximation of tauon mass by minor curvatures 5. The third approximation by perturbative fine-tuning minor curvatures 6. Discussion 1- Time-Space Symmetry (1): Problem Problems: The origin of the Mass Hierarchy of elementary fermions? Fermion masses are induced in interaction of genetic particles with Higgs field. All Yukawa couplings are determined independently. Interpretation of mass hierarchy within the Standard Model (SM) or even in moderate extension of SM are mostly phenomenological with qualitative predictions (e.g. models with flavor democracy, quark-lepton correspondences etc.). 1/ Quark mass hierarchy is parametrized by CKM mixing matrices being in consistency with QCD within SM; 2/ Neutrino mass hierarchy and their masses are parametrized by MNSP mixing matrices, being solved by extension of SM or by Beyond SM approaches; 3/ Mass hierarchy of charged leptons is as large as of both up-type and down-type quarks. Probably, this is a Beyond SM problem ! Exception: an excellent prediction by the Koide empirical formula, the origin of which is interpreted by Sumino in correlation with vacuum expectations of heavier family gauge bosons at 10E2-10E3 TeV.
    [Show full text]
  • YITP Workshop : “Progress in Particle Physics”
    YITP Workshop : \Progress in Particle Physics" June 29 { July 2, 2004 Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University June 29 9:00 { 10:30 Yoshio Koide (U. Shizuoka) Can a Flavor Symmetry exist? Haruhiko Terao (Kanazawa) Democratic mass matrices by strong unification and the lepton mixing angles Nao-aki Yamashita (Saga) Neutrino Masses and Mixing Matrix from SU(1,1) Horizontal Symmetry | coffee break | 11:00 { 12:00 Tetsuo Shindou (KEK) Origins of CP phases in GUT models Koichi Matsuda (Osaka) Phenomenological analysis of lepton and quark Yukawa couplings in SO(10) two Higgs model | lunch | 14:00 { 15:30 Tatsu Takeuchi (Virginia Tech) Phenomenology of not-so-heavy neutral leptons Toshihiko Ota (Osaka) Lepton flavor violation via Higgs bosons Masato Senami (ICRR, Tokyo) B φK in vector-like quark model ! s | coffee break | 16:00 { 18:00 Shinya Kanemura (Osaka) A mechanism for the top-bottom mass hierarchy Kenichi Senda (GUAS/KEK) The observation of neutrino from J-PARC in Korea Zenro Hioki (Tokushima) Optimal-observable analysis of top production/decay at photon-photon collider Hiroyuki Kawamura (KEK) Soft gluon resummation in transversely polarized Drell-Yan process June 30 9:00 { 10:30 (English session) Michael Peskin (SLAC) [review] Beyond the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Koichi Hamaguchi (DESY) Supergravity at Colliders | coffee break | 11:00 { 12:00 Satoshi Mishima (Tohoku) Implication of Rare B Meson Decays on Squark Flavor Mixing Hideo Itoh (Ibaraki) Tauonic B decay in a supersymmetric model | lunch | 14:00
    [Show full text]