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Early Ayrshire Ryburns

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Early Ayrshire Ryburns Early Ayrshire Ryburns By Roderick James Ryburn, Canberra, ACT, Australia There are two places in the British Isles where the name Ryburn occurs on maps. The first is the River Ryburn, near Halifax, West Yorkshire, and the second is near Dunlop, in Ayrshire. The village of Ripponden, past which the River Ryburn flows, was known as ‘Ryburnedene’ in 1307 (Goodall, 1914, p17). According to Mills (1991, p273), ‘Ryburn’ in Old English means fierce or reedy stream, but these two adjectives are contradictory, and the translation is therefore somewhat dubious. I do not know if any Ryburns originated from West Yorkshire. However, a ‘William de Ryeburne’ was fined by the Abbot of Byland in 1251, in relation to an alder wood at Scackleton, North Yorkshire (Wightman, 1968, p132). In this case, the name “Ryeburne” probably relates to the River Rye, which flows past Scackleton. To this day, the name appears to be preserved in ‘Ryeburn of Helmsley’, an ice cream and chocolate company in the village of Helmsley, not far from Scackleton. Figure 1. Blaeu’s Map of 1654 (based on Pont’s Map of 1600) showing the location of ‘Rÿburn’ Ayrshire is a part of Scotland that lies southwest of Glasgow, and includes towns such as Ayr, Kilmarnock and Largs. On Timothy Pont’s early maps of Scotland there are several places in the parish of Dunlop, Northeast Ayrshire (old district of Cunninghame), whose names start with the words ‘Temple’, or ‘Tempel’ (Pont, 1604). These are the ‘temple lands’ that in feudal times belonged to the Knights Templar (Griffith, 2007a). They include ‘Templeton’, ‘Tempelhous’, ‘Temple Hapland’ and ‘Temple Ryburn’. On later maps these change to ‘Chapeltoun’, ‘Chapelhous’, ‘Haplan’, ‘Hapland’, ‘Rÿburn’, ‘Reaburn’, ‘Rayburn’ and ‘Ryeburn’. On most maps the buildings on the lands of Ryburn are situated less than a mile northeast of the village of Dunlop, on the north side of Glazert Water (river). 1 Early Ryburns The Knights Templar existed from the end of the 11th century until 1312, when they were disbanded and their lands given to the Knights of St John (Wikipedia). We know from the story of ‘The Bride of Aiket’ (Griffith, 2007b) that some in the district, like ‘Henry Mont- gomerie of Hessilhead’, went on crusades to the Holy Land, but the Knights Templar were many things in their day, such as financial planners and bankers. I first thought the existence of ‘Temple Ryburn’ indicated that in medieval times the Ryburns were themselves Templar Knights, but Roger Griffith (pers. com. 2008), Ayrshire historian, thinks otherwise :- “The Ryburns may have purchased or rented land that had been Templar lands from the likes of Lord Torphichen (surname Sandilands), but they were probably not Templar Knights. To be such meant having to give up all possessions to that order. Adding a name, like Ryburn to Temple-Ryburn was a way of clarifying ownership, as in Fairlie Crevoch, Lindsay Crevoch, etc.” [‘Crevoch’ was originally an Ayrshire barony.] The Ryburns may have lived in the area since the 12th century, but 22 January, 1496, is the earliest certain date, when a ‘Robert Ryburn’ witnessed an ‘Instrument of Sasine given by a noble Knight Sir Adam Mure of Caldwell’ (Mure et al., 1854, p49). Caldwell Manor lies north of Dunlop, near Lugton, and at one stage the Mures were considered the wealthiest family in Scotland (http://caldwellgenealogy.com/forum/config.pl/noframes/read/1668). As outlined below, a John Ryburn was involved in the murder of John Mure of Caldwell in 1570. In 1587, a ‘Jonet Ryburne’ was spouse to Robert Heygait of ‘Chapelhous’ (Fig. 1), just west of ‘Rÿburn’ (Glasgow, 1900, p91). According to Paterson (1852, p180), ‘manor house Ryeburne’ was in the ‘Lands of Dalry, lying within the bailiary of Cuninghame’. The lands of Dalry were ‘wadset’ (mortgaged) by the 8th Lord Boyd as part-payment for a fine of £15,000 imposed by Oliver Cromwell in 1646. The Boyds held the Barony of Kilmarnock since 1320, and ‘during the great civil war [the 8th Lord] was a steady supporter of royalty’. The Dick Institute in Kilmarnock records the Ryburns as a ‘sept’ of Clan Boyd. Although the early Ryburns are in the Scottish records, the results of recent (2008) 37-marker Y-DNA tests on myself, Roger Ryburn of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Glenn Ryburn in the USA, and Eric Ryburn of Alvin, Texas, show a strong Irish affinity in our ‘Recent Ancestral Origins’ results. There are approximately three times as many Irish matches are there are Scots. The tests are for Y-DNA markers that follow the direct male line of descent, and are only affected by mutations over time. These results seem to require that the ancestors of the early Ayrshire Ryburns to ultimately have originated from Ireland. We are probably talking here about a time that was at least 1000 years before the present. Several early Ryburns were mentioned in a 1955 letter from a Duncan Ryburn to Edith Joyce Riddell, a New Zealand Ryburn descendant. Duncan was headmaster of a large secondary-school in Glasgow, and the last Ryburn to be born in Campbeltown, Kintyre :- “Raeburn, Rayburn, Reyburn, Reburn, de Rabourne: these are all different spellings of the same name. The name, Ryburn, is derived from the lands of Ryburn in the Parish of Dunlop. … Andrew Ryburn was a Burgess in Glasgow, 1430. David was also a Burgess; John a Guild Brother; Thomas a Goldsmith, 1463 [Stuart, 1844]; Thomas a Chaplain in the Cathedral of Dornoch 1594; Sir Henry Raeburn, portrait painter, 1756 -1823. The Christian names common to the Ryburns seem to have been James, John, Thomas, Robert and William. Elizabeth is mentioned only once.” Figure 2. Raeburn Coat of Arms 2 The name ‘Raeburn’ seems to have a different origin to that of ‘Ryburn’, as there is a ‘Rae Burn’ stream and a ‘Raeburn’ property just north of the English border, near Gretna Green of secret-marriage fame. This appears to be where Sir Henry Raeburn’s ancestors came from (Anderson, 1863, p318). There are also a Rae Burn and Raeburn in Cumbria, just 18 km to the east (http://www.streetmap.co.uk/). In 1707, the Laird of Raeburn was a Walter Scott, great-uncle of the famous author Sir Walter Scott. At the age of just 21 he was run through and killed by Pringle of Crighton, in a sword duel at ‘Raeburn’s Meadow-Spot’, near Selkirk (Lockhart & Scott, 1853, p4). We know the name ‘Ryburn’ originated from the lands of Ryburn, in Ayrshire, so most ‘Raeburns’, including Sir Andrew Raeburn, who was Prior of Urquhart in 1429, and Sir Henry Raeburn the famous portrait painter, are probably unrelated. However, spelling quirks have caused considerable confusion between the two names, and we know for sure that some Raeburns were just spelling variants of Ryburn or Ryeburn. The website http://www.surnamedb.com/ says this on the origin of the surname ‘Ryburn’ :- “This interesting and curious surname is of early medieval English origin, and is a locational name from the old lands of Ryburn in the parish of Dunlop, Ayrshire. The placename is composed of the northern Middle English "ray", a roebuck (Olde English pre 7th Century "ra"), and "-burn", a stream (Olde English "burna, burne"). During the Middle Ages when migration for the purpose of job seeking was becoming more common, people often used their former village name as a means of identification, resulting in a wide dispersal of the name. Variants of Raeburn in the modern idiom include Ryburn, Rayburn, Reburn and Reyburn. The surname first appears in records in the early 14th Century (see below), while Andrew de Raburn, burgess of Glasgow, and John of Raburn, a witness there, appear in Glasgow records in 1430 and 1454, respectively. Thomas Raburn was vicar in the choir of Glasgow in 1468, according to Glasgow Episcopal Registers. The name is also found in Aberdeen, where David Riburn was burgess in 1409. Sir Henry Raeburn (1756 - 1823) was a notable [better classed as ‘exceptional’, R. Griffith. pers. com. 2008] portrait painter. His son was granted a Coat of Arms in 1841 (Fig. 2. – see www.houseofnames.com ), which depicts, on a piece of green ground, a roebuck statant proper, drinking out of a blue brook, on a silver field; on an ermine canton, a knight's helmet proper, with the Motto "Robur in Deo" (Strength in God). The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of William de Raeburn [but see above], which was dated 1331, in "Manuscripts of Robert Mordaunt Hay, of Duns Castle", during the reign of King David 11 of Scotland, 1329 - 1371. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.” I like the explanation of the name Ryburn I heard as a boy. A ‘rye’ was a stream or river crossing consisting of stepping stones – nothing to do with a field of rye grain. In the well-known Robbie Burns song “Comin Thro’ the Rye”, a girl crossing a rye can’t avoid a boy coming in the opposite direction, so she has to get her petticoat wet in order to avoid being Figure 3. River Ryburn, near Triangle Village, West Yorkshire kissed. So, ‘Ryeburn’ could be the name of a stream with a rye across it. On the 1858 Ordinance Survey Map of 3 Dunlop (Fig. 5), the words ‘stepping stones’ can be seen on the Black Burn, just west of ‘Ryeburn’. Also, there may have been a rye across Glazert Water in the ‘Wee Glen’, just below the old Ryburn manor (Fig.
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