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The Elk River/Chain-Of-Lakes Watershed Master Plan

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The Elk River/Chain-Of-Lakes Watershed Master Plan The Elk River/Chain-Of-Lakes Watershed Master Plan July, 1989 Completed by: The Northwest Michigan Council of Governments P.O. Box 506 Traverse City, Michigan 49685 with support from: United States Environmental Protection Agency Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Surface Water Quality Division -THIS REPORT PRINTED WHOLLY ON RECYCLED PAPER- This document was compiled and written by contractual staff working for the NWMCOG during the period of July, 1988 - July, 1989: Leon Watson, Environmental Planner Patricia Fisher, Environmental Planner Project Director and Editor: Mark A. Breederland, NWMCOG Environmental Programs Coordinator The Citizen's Advisory Committee for this project consisted of: Douglas Bedell Grass River Natural Area Ira Bradshaw Kearney Township Diane Bromelmeier U.S.D.A. SCS Watershed Planner Richmond Brown Antrim Co. Planning Commission Bill Cheney Local Business Dick Courson District Health Dept. #1 Bob Dean Elk Rapids Rotary Club Linda Denny Teacher - Central Lake Ted Esser Engineering Consultant Ben Eynon Sierra Club Conrad Friedemann Antrim Board of Commissioners, Northwest RC&D Council Carolyn Hoadley Grass River Natural Area Merwin Hogerheide Kalkaska Board of Commissioners, Kalkaska Chamber of Commerce Stanley Holtzhauer Elk-Skegemog Lakes Association Dons Hott Northern Waterways Lake Association Charles (Mike) Huntley concerned citizen, former Antrim Commissioner Mike Jones District Health Department #3 Maureen Kennedy Grand Traverse County Drain Commissioner Karl Larson Antrim County Planning Commission Jean Lawrence Whitewater Township Planning Commission Virginia Lee concerned citizen Larry Levengood District Health Dept. #3, NWMCOG Environmental Committee Richard Leucht Elk-Skegemog Lakes Association David Mahan Au Sable Institute of Environmental Studies John McKinney MSU Cooperative Extension/Sea Grant Agent Robert Mierka Antrim County Commissioner Jack Noms Three Lakes Association Peg Peterson-Comfort Teacher/Concerned citizen Eldon Rouse concerned citizen Greg Shy U.S.D.A- Agricultural Stabilization & Conservation Service Burton Stanley Cooperative Extension Director, Antrim County Michael Stifler DNR Surface Water Quality Supervisor - Cadillac District Steven Stilwell Village of Elk Rapids - Village Manager Warren Studley U.S.D.A./S.C.S. District Conservationist - Antrim & Kalkaska Co. William Weiss, Jr. Executive Director, Three Lakes Association; Water Quality Consultant Richard Wieland Antrim County Planning Commission Special Thanks also goes to: Antrim County Planning Commission & Department (esp. Connie Sutherland) Michigan Department of Natural Resources - various divisions Three Lakes Association (including the former Institute for Water Quality Research) The Elk-Skegemog Lake Association The U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service Numerous individuals in the watershed contributed their time and support to the creation of this document. We acknowledge the efforts of the township planning & zoning commissions throughout the basin and commend them for their efforts. HOW TO USE THIS BINDER This binder consists of six separate books. The content of these books are described in order for easy reference. 1. Refer to the Elk River/Chain-Of-Lakes Master Plan/Executive Summary to get an overview of the summaries of the critical concerns and recommended actions by local townships, counties, and lake associations. 2. The Land & Water Management Reference Book lists key problem areas in the watershed, such as failing septic systems, with proposed solutions that can be taken. This book is a reference tool for solutions to many problems. Also included are numerous wetlands brochures, fact sheets, and other pamphlets on water quality. 3. The Local Government Water Quality Protection Book provides materials directly relating to township controls on land use. A generic master plan framework and a detailed point by point commentary is provided on existing township ordinances. Sample ordinances on critical areas are included. 4. Two specific position papers by noted legal expert Dr. Leighton Leighty and Mr. Eric Fitch are included on "Inland Lakeshore Development: Keyhole/Funnel Model Ordinance Considerations" and "Inland Lake and Stream Surface Use Problems: Institutional Methods for Dealing with Use-Conflicts". 5. The quality of waters in the watershed is compiled in The Water Quality Data Book for The Elk River/Chain-Of-Lakes Basin. FOREWARD The Chain-of-Lakes area in the Northwestern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is known as one of the state's most beautiful lake districts. This five hundred square mile watershed features an interconnected system of large deep glacially carved lakes, plus numerous smaller spring fed lakes and miles of top quality trout streams. These waters and surrounding lands are highly valued recreation resources. However, this region is experiencing rapidly increasing development pressures and changes in land use. The high quality water resources of the lakes and streams are having problems and are threatened with degradation. The townships themselves vary in size and population, and the development pressure is not uniform even in townships with lake frontage on the same lake. The main concerns of each township vary greatly. Those townships nearest the expanding towns such as Boyne City or near metropolitan Traverse City are the most pressured in both their land and water resources. Similarly townships in the watershed do not have the same levels of sophistication in the management of their land and water resources. Townships range from providing basic services without planning and zoning to townships with a master plan but inadequate resource or land use controls. However, the watershed does contain a few townships with modern and proactive planning and zoning commissions and ordinances. Based on our analysis of the Elk River/Chain- of-Lakes Watershed area, several important management actions must take place within the watershed to assure continued high water quality and good land use decision making. These are detailed in the documents found in this binder. Most of these decisions lie with township officials, since state law in Michigan delegates land use authority to townships. While special focus is place on township, county government and local lake associations also have an important role to play. All actions recommended in this plan need to be explored and a particular problem solving solution chosen and implemented. In the case of the master plan and local zoning, every township should review our comments and sample ordinances and complete the necessary changes within six months. Certain segments of the population of the basin are actively participating in the protection of their water resources. Residents vote in local elections and can become township officials. They participate in a full range of community activities year round, and are the political and social base in the communities. A significant segment of the population is seasonal, and a large proportion of the lake shore is owned by individuals from outside the township. They invest themselves locally through their taxes, and by bringing money into the communities. They create a demand for local services, at least seasonally, and along with the tourists are a basic component in the local economy. Local zoning ordinances and policy affect these individuals who have a substantial investment in and an appreciation of the water and land resources of the basin. This segment is often estranged from the full time residents whose interest is vested and who make up township government. One of the main ways seasonal residents participate in water related management activities is through local lake associations and property owners groups. These groups have a role to play in water resource protection and often act as representative bodies for the concerns and desires of the riparian property owners. Water resource protection actions must include the lakeshore property owners. II. CRITICAL CONCERNS IN THE WATERSHED The following section summarizes the key issues related to water resources protection in the Elk River/Chain-of-Lakes Watershed. These issues are presented in Table 1. PRIORITIZED LIST OF WATER QUALITY THREATS IN THE WATERSHED (as Identified by Local Township Officials) 1. Planning and zoning needs for shoreline buildup/density and development. 2. Inadequate and poorly sited septic tanks and sewage pollution entering waterways and groundwater. 3. Loss of wetlands, natural areas and open spaces. 4. Lake and stream use conflicts, boat-related pollution, litter, noise, safety issues, etc. 5. Runoff from lawn fertilizer, golf courses, and agriculture, including pesticides and herbicides. 6. Erosion and sediment from new construction, road and bridge construction, and agriculture. 7. Industrial Pollution. 8. Oil, gas, brine wells, and leaking underground storage tanks. 9. Water levels in the Upper Chain-of-Lakes are too low or fluctuating. Critical Elements of Planning and Zoning Zoning, in conjunction with an approved local master plan, is an effective tool for regulating development. It is a function of local government and township and county officials have the responsibility and duty to plan for coordinated and proper growth. Using modern planning and zoning procedures will result in avoidance of resources exploitation and land use conflicts. Planning and zoning or creation of districts is the forum that allows for such orderly growth patterns that will follow the master plan. Proper zoning will
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