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(Hand) Divine Presence and Activity of Ezekiel (Ezek 1-3; 8-11; 40-48) Thirdspacing the Exile and Its Implications to the Theology of Divine Presence

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(Hand) Divine Presence and Activity of Ezekiel (Ezek 1-3; 8-11; 40-48) Thirdspacing the Exile and Its Implications to the Theology of Divine Presence Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations Student Scholarship 4-2020 kāḇôḏ (Glory) rûaḥ (Spirit) and yaḏ (Hand) Divine Presence and Activity of Ezekiel (Ezek 1-3; 8-11; 40-48) Thirdspacing the Exile and its Implications to the Theology of Divine Presence Malachy Udochukwu Theophilus Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/jst_dissertations Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Theophilus, Malachy Udochukwu, "kāḇôḏ (Glory) rûaḥ (Spirit) and yaḏ (Hand) Divine Presence and Activity of Ezekiel (Ezek 1-3; 8-11; 40-48) Thirdspacing the Exile and its Implications to the Theology of Divine Presence" (2020). Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations. 51. https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/jst_dissertations/51 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. kagod(GLORY) rfi•p (SPIRIT)AND yag (HAND) DIVINE PRESENCE AND ACTIVITY IN EZEKIEL (EZEK 1-3; 8-11; 40-48) THIRDSPACING THE EXILE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THE THEOLOGY OF DIVINE PRESENCE A Dissertation by MALACHY UDOCHUKWU THEOPHILUS Presented to The Faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of for the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology Berkeley, California April 2020 Dissertation Committee Signatures: Gina Hens-Piazza, Ph.D., (Director) Date John Endres, Ph.D., Jesuit (Reader) Date Rebecca K. Esterson, Ph.D., (Reader) Date 11'.J:J(Glory), !:11i(Spirit) and 1: (Hand) ofYHWH: Divine Presence and Activity in Ezekiel (Ezek 1-3; 8-11; 40-48) Thirdspacing the Exile and Its Implications to the Theology of Divine Presence MALA CHY UDOCHUKWU THEOPHILUS, O.S.A. ABSTRACT In Ezek 1-3; 8-11 and 40-48, Ezekiel saw the □ 'i]7l) 11~;,1,1("visions of God"). In these visions one observes that the presence of YHWH is experienced in three different spaces: in the temple, in exile and on the mountain east of the city. These manifestations of the divine presence in different spaces challenged the traditional priestly understanding ofYHWH as exclusively "tabernacled" in the Jerusalem temple. Thus in this research, I investigate, not only where God is really found, but also the implication of the movements of the ;u~;-1i:i:J(glory of God) from the sacred space to the non sacred space and back to the sacred space. While the community in Judah considered those in exile as "other" because they had no temple and were not within the geographical location called "Judah" (cf. Ezek 11:15); this study leans on the Critical Spatial Theories of Edward W. Soja and Wesley A. Kort to show that location does not guarantee the experience of the divine. What counts is not location, but praxis; that is, our orientation towards the Holy One. Rereading YHWH's expression ( cf. Ezek 11: 16) in reaction to the tension that existed between the exilic community and the remnant community in Judah challenges the religious tension and religious exclusivism that characterize our world today. It shows that despite the existential peculiarities of each community of faith, there exists a theological minimum that can fonn the basis of our experience of the divine. Sometimes we may think we possess the fullness of truth as symbolized in the temple with its sacred adornments or as contained in the Torah, the Holy ·Bible or the Koran. But the reality of the experience of the divine does not necessarily lie in the one who possesses the truth. It is not the possession of the truth that matters, it is how prepared we are to wallc in the light of the truth that we possess ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to God the giver of life and the source of wisdom for his inspiration and guidance in the course of this research work. In a profound manner, I wish to thank Professor Gina Hens-Piazza, my thesis director, for her patient guidance and motivation. I could not have imagined a better mentor and advisor for this dissertation. Thank you Prof. I will not forget you in a hurry. May I also thank Prof. John Endres and Prof. Rebecca Esterson, who are part my dissertation committee. Thank you immensely for your sacrifices, especially during this global pandemic. You defiled all odds, and took time out of yom busy schedules to read my work. You have made a lasting impression in me. Thanks for your hmnility and selflessness. My humble thanks go to my Prior Provincial: Very Rev. Fr. John Abdunlahi Abubakar, who gave me the opportunity to study for my doctorate in Biblical Studies. Thank you Fr. for your support throughout my studies in the United States. I appreciate you! To all my Augustinian Brothers in Nigeria and in the United States: thanks for your encomagements and for the Fraternity we share. My special thanks go to the JST community, the faculty and students: thank you for yom fiiendship and encomagement. Many thanks too to my parishioners in Saint Jerome (El Cerrito, CA) and Saint Charles (San Carlos, CA), particularly, my pastors, Fr. Fernando Cortez (Saint Jerome) and Fr. David Ghiorso (Saint Charles), for their boundless love and generosity. Finally, I would like to thank my Family back home (in Nigeria), particularly, my mother and my siblings, who though miles away, have always made me feel their warmth and Love. To Thomas and Reyline Fleming, you are more than a family to me. I appreciate yom love and generosity. God bless you! CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION....................................................................... 1 1. Scope and Nature of the Research .......................................................... 1 2. Thesis Statement . ... ...... .. ..... ..... ........ ............. ....... ..... ...... .. ..... ...... 3 3. Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 4 4. Methodology ........................................................................................... 5 5. Overview of Chapters ............................................................................. 8 6. Historical Background to the Book of Ezekiel ....................................... 9 Chapter One: Divine Presence and Absence/Abandonment in the Ancient Near Eastern Texts .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 I. Introduction. .. ......... ...... .. ..... ....... ......... ......................... .... .... ........... 12 2. Temples and Divine Presence in the Ancient Near East......................... 13 3. Relationship Between the Statue and the Deity ................... .......... .... ..... 16 4. Ancient Near Eastern Accounts of Divine Presence ............................... 17 4.1 Sumerian Accounts of Divine Abandonment ................................ 19 4.2 Alckadian Accounts of Divine Abandonment ................................ 20 4.2.1 A Prophetic Letter from Mari ................................................ 21 4.2.2 The Tukulti-Ninmta Epic (Middle Assyrian) ....................... 22 4.2.3 The Marduk Prophecy ........................................................... 24 4.2.4 The Seed ofKmgship (Middle Babylonian) .......................... 27 4.2.5 The Poem ofErra ................................................................... 28 4.2.6 Esarhaddon's Rebuilding of Babylon (Neo-Assyrian) ........... 32 4.2.6 . I The Reasons for Marduk's Departure from Babylon ....... 32 4.2.6.2 The Effects of Marduk's Anger towards Babylon ............. 33 4.2.6.3 Marduk's Change ofHemt Towm·ds Babylon ................... 34 ii 4.2. 7 The Cyrus Cylinder............................................................... 35 5. Summary and Conclusion...................................................................... 38 Chapter Two: Review of Literature ............................................................ 42 1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 42 2. Literature on Ezekiel 1-3 ........................................................................ 43 3. Literature on Ezekiel 8-11 ......... ............ ..................... .......... .................. 55 4. Literature on Ezekiel 40-48 .................................................................... 70 5. Summary and Conclusion ....... ......... .......... ......... .............. ......... ............ 84 Chapter Three: The Vision of The kii!JiJflby the River Chebar (Ezek 1-3) .. 86 1. Introduction .. .... .... ...................... ... .... ...... ............ .... .... ....... .... .... ..... .. 86 2. Delimitation and Structure of the Text..................................................... 87 3. Internal Structure of the Inaugural Vision (Ezek I: 1-3:27) ...................... 88 3.1 Introduction to Ezekiel's Vision of the kaflo{!(Ezek 1:1-3) ........... 89 3.1.1 Towards an Understanding of Ezekiel's mm·'oJ 0/Jliihfm ......... 92 3.2 The vision of the kiiflo{! YHWH (1:4-28) ...................................... 96 3.2.1 The Living Creatures (Ezek 1:5-14) ....................................... 99 3.2.2 The Wheels of the Living Creatures (Ezek 1:15-21) .............. 105 3.2.3 The Platform above the Living Creatures (Ezek 1: 22-25) ...... 107 3.2.4 The Throne and the Glory (Ezek 1:26-28b) ............................. 110 3.3 The Calling of Ezekiel with specific directives
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