Sustainable Consumption & Production (SCP) and Green Jobs
Janet Salem, UNEP
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1
UNEP
UNEP is the designated authority of the United Nations system in environmental issues at the global and regional level. UNEP’s mandate is to coordinate the development of environmental policy consensus by keeping the global environment under review and bringing emerging issues to the attention of governments and the international community for action.
The aim of SWITCH‐Asia is to promote Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) in Asia. To achieve this objective, the Programme supports capacity building, formulation and implementation of SCP‐ related policies.
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 Definition of SCP
• Simplest and most comprehensive is (UNEP 2011) SCP is a holistic approach to minimising the negative environmental impacts from consumption and production systems while promoting quality of life for all”
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SCP, Green Growth, Green Economy
1. Principles of SCP not really different from Green Growth, Green Economy, Low‐carbon path. 2. Green growth and Low‐ carbon path refer to pathways to sustainability. 3. Green economy invites attention to financing of sustainable consumption & production and investments needed.
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 Outline
• Understanding socioeconomic drivers of impacts to find socioeconomic solutions • Enabling conditions for SCP: – Societal goals aligned with sustainability – The next innovation wave – SCP policy framework conducive to green jobs
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5
Understanding socioeconomic drivers
Resource Eco‐ Impacts Populatio Affluence Wellbeing intensity of n InTensity (Utility/ (climate, (GDP/ resources GDP) biodiversity, (capita) capita) (Resource/ human Utility) (Impact/ health, Resource) scarcity)
Adapted from Azar et al, 2002
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 6 Population (capita)
2 billion East Asia + Pacific South Asia
0 1960 2011
Resource Eco‐ Impacts Populatio Affluence Wellbeing intensity of n InTensity (Utility/ (climate, (GDP/ resources GDP) biodiversity, (capita) capita) (Resource/ human Utility) (Impact/ health, Resource) scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Adapted from Azar et al, 2002 7
Affluence (GDP/capita)
5,000 East Asia + Pacific
South Asia 0 1960 2011
Resource Eco‐ Impacts Populatio Affluence Wellbeing intensity of n InTensity (Utility/ (climate, (GDP/ resources GDP) biodiversity, (capita) capita) (Resource/ human Utility) (Impact/ health, Resource) scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 8 8 Wellbeing (Utility/capita)
1 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, (no Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, HDI (?) Philippines, Kiribati, data) Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Lao PDR, Cambodia, Bhutan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, 0 Myanmar, Nepal , Afghanistan 19601980 2011
Resource Eco‐ Impacts Populatio Affluence Wellbeing intensity of n InTensity (Utility/ (climate, (GDP/ resources GDP) (Impact/ biodiversity, (capita) capita) (Resource/ Resource) human Utility) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 9 9
Resource Intensity (Resource/Utility)
3.5 Asia Pacific
Kg/$ World Rest of World 0 19601980 2011
Resource Eco‐ Impacts Populatio Affluence Wellbeing intensity of n InTensity (Utility/ (climate, (GDP/ resources GDP) (Impact/ biodiversity, (capita) capita) (Resource/ Resource) human Utility) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10 10 Eco‐Intensity (Impact/Resource)
800 Other developed Kcal/per Former centrally planned LAC son/day E and SE Asia from livestock Near East, North Africa 0 South Asia 19601980 2011
Resource Eco‐ Impacts Populatio Affluence Wellbeing intensity of n InTensity (Utility/ (climate, (GDP/ resources GDP) (Impact/ biodiversity, (capita) capita) (Resource/ Resource) human Utility) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 11
IPAT – Impacts (#end of world?)
Go back!
SCP opportunities
Resource Eco‐ Impacts Populatio Affluence Wellbeing intensity of n InTensity (Utility/ (climate, (GDP/ resources GDP) biodiversity, (capita) capita) (Resource/ human Utility) (Impact/ health, Resource) scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Adapted from Azar et al, 2002 12 Consumption of Materials
100 Total (Global) 90 Industrial Countries 80
70
60
50
40
30
20 Developing Countries 10 Years 0
25 50 75 Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Adapted from Ashok Khosla, 2012 13
Outline
• Understanding socioeconomic drivers of impacts to find socioeconomic solutions • Enabling conditions for SCP: – Societal goals aligned with sustainability – The next innovation wave – SCP policy framework conducive to green jobs
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1. Societal values ‐ Which development path?
Developing Copy Cat? Piggy Back? Leap Frog? Countries: Horse Jump? Developed Business as Fine Tuning? Transforming? countries: usual?
Societal Choices Technology Strategy Objectives Lifestyle/Values
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Adapted from Ashok Khosla, 2012
1. Societal values ‐ Which development path?
Path: Copy Cat? Piggy Back? Leap Frog? Horse jump? Models? Obsolescence Miniaturize/ Share economy, Rethinking Durability collaboration wealth Manufacturing Hardware Mini hardware Sharing, Rental Biomimicry Construction? Cement, Steel, Lightweight Recycled Industrial Wastes Concrete Elements Materials Waste? Dumping, Sep. Toilets, Biogas, Reuse, Refuse, Redesign Incineration Composting Repair, Recycling Redistribute Transport? Car, Airplane Fuel efficient Public Transport, Zoning, IT cars, two AdaptedBicycle from Ashok Khosla,Internet 2012 wheelers ChapterLighting?1 2 3 4 Incandescent5 6 7 8 9 10 CFLs11 12 13 LEDs Daylight 2. The next innovation wave!
James Bradfield Moody, World Resources Forum 2012, www.sixthwave.org
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 17
Resource efficiency
Adapted from James Bradfield Moody, World Resources Forum 2012, www.sixthwave.org Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 18 The sixth wave
• Markets: Waste = Opportunity TIME names Collaborative • Institutions: Sell the Service, Consumption as one of the not the Product “10Permaculture Ideas That Will – Change Thestunningly World” productive agriculture systems • Technology: Digital and Natural Converge
• Systems: Bits are Global, Atoms are Local
• Integrating: If in doubt, look to nature Adapted from James Bradfield Moody, World Resources Forum 2012, www.sixthwave.org Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19
3. Policy tools
• SCP Policy tools serve to shift consumption behavior and production patterns in a sustainable direction: – Phase out undesirable products and behaviours – Expand market for more sustainable products – Provide incentives for more sustainable behaviour
Regulatory Tools: Command & Control
Economic Tools: Market‐based Instruments
Information‐based Tools: Enabling Informed Choices
Voluntary Agreements: Negotiated Target‐setting
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 20 20 Conclusion
• Green jobs should be part of a strategy to mitigate drivers of impacts. • Aligning societal goals with sustainability will help set up the right policy frameworks to enable green jobs. • Early SCP adopters will benefit in the next innovation wave.
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Thank you!
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