Színház- És Filmművészeti Egyetem Doktori Iskola a Balett

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Színház- És Filmművészeti Egyetem Doktori Iskola a Balett Színház- és Filmművészeti Egyetem Doktori Iskola A balett formanyelvének változásai a XX-XXI. században – szintézisteremtés a színpadon és a balettoktatásban doktori disszertáció Macher Szilárd 2015 Témavezető: Huszti Péter, egyetemi tanár, a DT elnöke TARTALOMJEGYZÉK 1. BEVEZETÉS ............................................................................................................ 6 1.1 A DOLGOZAT ELŐZMÉNYEI .................................................................................... 6 1.2 A DOLGOZAT VIZSGÁLATÁNAK TÁRGYA: A BALETT FORMANYELVE ..................... 8 1.2.1 A KLASSZIKUS TÁNCKULTÚRA FOGALMA ÁLTALÁBAN....................................... 8 1.2.2 A BALETT FOGALMA ÉS ÉRTELMEZÉSÉNEK VÁLTOZÁSAI .................................... 11 1.2.3 A BALETT NYELVE, MINT BEFOGADÓ KÖZEG (TÉZIS) .......................................... 12 1.3 A KUTATÁS SZEMPONTJAI ..................................................................................... 15 1.3.1 A TÁNCTÖRTÉNETI HÁTTÉR, MINT ALAP ............................................................. 15 1.3.2 A FÓKUSZ MEGTARTÁSA .................................................................................... 15 1.3.3 A KRITIKAI KULTÚRAKUTATÁS SZEMSZÖGE ....................................................... 16 1.3.4 MŰELEMZÉS ....................................................................................................... 16 1.3.5 AZ EGYETEMESSÉG SZŰRŐJE .............................................................................. 17 1.3.6 GYAKORLATI TAPASZTALATOK - SZEMÉLYESSÉG .............................................. 17 2. A BALETT NYELVÉNEK ALAKULÁSA A XX. SZÁZADIG .......................................... 19 2.1 A BALETT GYÖKEREI ............................................................................................. 19 2.1.1 A TUDOMÁNYOS SZEMLÉLET HATÁSA A BALETT KIALAKULÁSÁRA .................... 19 2.1.2 A BALETT FORMANYELVÉNEK KIALAKULÁSA A NÉPTÁNCOKBÓL ÉS AZ UDVARI TÁRSASTÁNCOKBÓL ........................................................................................... 19 2.1.3 AZ AKADÉMIKUS BALETT – A SZÍNPADI BALETTEK FORMANYELVE .................... 22 2.1.4 A BALETT ALAPFOGALMAI ................................................................................. 25 2.1.4.1 A LÁB ÖT ALAPPOZÍCIÓJA ................................................................................ 26 2.1.4.2 A KARTARTÁSOK ÉS A KARMOZDULATOK, A PORT DE BRAS-K ........................ 27 2.1.4.3 NÉPTÁNC EREDETRE UTALÓ ELNEVEZÉSEK A BALETT SZAKKIFEJEZÉSEIBEN 28 2.1.4.4 AZ AKADÉMIKUS BALETT ALAPMOZDULATAI .................................................. 30 2.2 A BALETT NYELVÉNEK FEJLŐDÉSE SZÍNPADI TÁNCMŰVÉSZETKÉNT …………… 35 2.2.1 TECHNIKAI FEJLŐDÉS MAJD MEGTORPANÁS A SZÍNPADOKON ............................. 35 2.2.2 A BALETT FEJLŐDÉSÉNEK EGYIK CSÚCSPONTJA: A ROMANTIKUS BALETT …….40 2.2.3 A BALETT TÖRTÉNETÉNEK OROSZ KORSZAKA: A KLASSZIKUS BALETT A CÁRI UDVARBAN ÉS AZ OROSZ BALETT NYUGAT-EURÓPÁBAN ............................... 47 2.2.4 A NEMZETI BALETTEK KIALAKULÁSA ÉS A GLOBALIZÁCIÓ ................................. 50 2.3 A KLASSZIKUS BALETT ISKOLÁI ............................................................................ 58 2 3. A TÁNCNYELV XX. SZÁZADI GYARAPODÁSA ÉS SZINTÉZISEI ............................... 62 3.1 A BALETT-TÖRTÉNET LEGTERMÉKENYEBB IDŐSZAKA A TÁNCNYELV GAZDAGODÁSA SZEMPONTJÁBÓL A XX. SZÁZAD ........................................................ 62 3.1.1. A TECHNICIZMUS, MINT A FORMANYELV FEJLŐDÉSÉNEK MOTORJA. A NAGY TÁNCOS EGYÉNISÉGEK SZEREPE .................................................................... 67 3.1.2. A NÉPTÁNC, MINT A MEGÚJULÁS ÁLLANDÓ FORRÁSA ....................................... 71 3.1.3. A MAGYAR KOREOGRÁFUSOK JELENTŐSÉGE ÉS SZEREPE A TÁNCNYELV GYARAPODÁSA TÜKRÉBEN .......................................................................................... 76 3.2 KOREOGRÁFIAI ALKOTÁSOK ELEMZÉSE A TÁNCNYELV GYARAPODÁSÁNAK TÜKRÉBEN. MEGHATÁROZÓ ALKOTÓK ÉS MŰVEK ....................................................... 80 3.2.1 GEORGE BALANCHINE ..................................................................................... 82 3.2.1.1 DIVERTIMENTO NO.15 (ANDANTE TÉTEL) ...................................................... 83 3.2.1.2 FOUR TEMPERAMENTS .................................................................................... 86 3.2.1.3 AGON .............................................................................................................. 95 3.2.1.4 STRAVINSKY VIOLIN CONCERTO, THEME AND VARIATIONS, DONIZETTI VARIATIONS ............................................................................................. 104 3.2.1.5 RUBIES ............................................................................................................ 105 3.2.1.6 TIPIKUS BALANCHINE-I LÉPÉSEK ..................................................................... 107 3.2.2 MAURICE BÉJART ............................................................................................. 110 3.2.2.1 BHAKTI ........................................................................................................... 111 3.2.2.2 ÖT TÉTEL VONÓSNÉGYESRE (OPUS 5) ............................................................ 120 3.2.2.3 LE SACRE DU PRINTEMPS ................................................................................ 125 3.2.2.4 BOLERO .......................................................................................................... 131 3.2.2.5 TŰZMADÁR ..................................................................................................... 136 3.2.3 AZ ANGOL BALETTSTÍLUS: FREDERICK ASHTON ÉS KENNETH MACMILLAN MUNKÁSSÁGA ............................. 145 3.2.3.1 SYMPHONIC VARIATIONS ................................................................................ 147 3.2.3.2 SCÈNES DE BALLET ......................................................................................... 154 3.2.3.3 MONOTONES I AND II ...................................................................................... 161 3.2.3.4 CONCERTO ...................................................................................................... 167 3.2.3.5 MACMILLAN DRÁMAI BALETTJEINEK PAS DE DEUX-I (RÓMEÓ ÉS JÚLIA, MANON, MAYERLING) ................................................................................................ 180 3.2.4 A MEGÚJULÁS BÖLCSŐI .................................................................................... 207 3 3.2.5 HANS VAN MANEN ............................................................................................ 209 3.2.5.1 ADAGIO HAMMERKLAVIER ............................................................................. 210 3.2.5.2 ÖT TANGÓ ....................................................................................................... 219 3.2.5.3 JELLEGZETES VAN MANEN MOZDULATOK KÉPEKBEN ..................................... 225 3.2.6 WILLIAM FORSYTHE ........................................................................................ 227 3.2.6.1 IN THE MIDDLE SOMEWHAT ELEVATED .......................................................... 231 3.2.6.2 FORSYTHE TOVÁBBI MŰVEI. ARTIFACT-SUITE ................................................. 256 3.2.7 JIŘÍ KYLIAN ...................................................................................................... 265 3.2.7.1 FELHŐK (NUAGES) .......................................................................................... 266 3.2.7.2 D-DÚR SZIMFÓNIA ........................................................................................... 270 3.2.7.2 PETITE MORT .................................................................................................. 271 3.2.8 MATS EK ........................................................................................................... 287 3.2.8.1 CARMEN .......................................................................................................... 288 3.2.8.2 JELLEGZETES EK MOZDULATOK KÉPEKBEN ..................................................... 292 4. A XXI. SZÁZAD BALETTJÉNEK NYELVE ................................................................ 293 4.1 A BALETT NYELVE A XXI. SZÁZADBAN IS ÉLŐ, RELEVÁNS NYELV ........................ 293 4.2 NÉHÁNY JELLEGZETESEN XXI. SZÁZADI ALKOTÁS ............................................... 297 4.2.1 JACOPO GODANI: SPAZIO TEMPO ..................................................................... 298 4.2.2 WAYNE MCGREGOR: CHROMA ........................................................................ 301 4.2.3 LEO MUJIĆ: AHONNAN AZ ÁLOM JÖN ............................................................... 303 5. A BALETT NYELVE A TÁNCOKTATÁSBAN .............................................................. 306 5.1 A BALETT NYELVE MA – EGY MTF KÉPESÍTŐVIZSGA TÜKRÉBEN…………………306 5.2 A SZÍNPADI BALETT NYELVE – EGY KORSZERŰ ELVÁRÁSOKNAK MEGFELELŐ VIZSGAELŐADÁS LÉTREHOZÁSA……..342 KÖSZÖNETNYILVÁNÍTÁS............................................................................................ 355 MELLÉKLETEK .......................................................................................................... 356 1. A DOLGOZATBAN SZEREPLŐ SZAKKIFEJEZÉSEK JEGYZÉKE, MAGYARÁZATA ……...357 2. DVD-MELLÉKLET .................................................................................................... 372 IRODALOMJEGYZÉK, FILMOGRÁFIA .......................................................................
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