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Ajuga Reptans Bugle Top 50 Shade-loving Shade-loving plants that are beneficial to our pollinating insects List Curated by Thomas McBride From research data collected and collated at the National Botanic Garden of Wales NB: Butterflies and Moths are not studied at the NBGW so any data on nectar plants beneficial for them is taken from Butterfly Conservation Growing Shade-loving Plants The majority of plant species favour the maximum hours of sunlight they can get in the UK climate but some species are specifically adapted to growing in low-light conditions and, indeed, may struggle to thrive in too-sunny an area. This list aims to outline the best plants for growing in partial or full shade. All the species included on this list will thrive in partially-shady conditions and most will also do well in full shade. When we talk about shade in a horticultural sense, it predominately refers either to a canopy of trees above creating shade; or a house wall/fence causing shade at certain times of the day. If you have a border in your garden that is shaded by a fence or something similar then these plants should do well there. If you have woodland or wooded areas, these plants will do well on the periphery but a few species may struggle to thrive within in the woodland itself as plants do still require a certain amount of light to photosynthesise. It is also important to bear in mind that not all wooded areas are the same. Oak and Birch woodland lets through lots of light whereas Beech woodland has a much denser canopy and very few of these species will thrive under mature beeches. Since these plants favour lower light conditions, which naturally retain moisture, many of these species are happy to grow in slightly poor-draining soils but may also need less frequent watering than species placed in a sunnier spot. Map Maps depict the native area of the plant (in green) Guide to using these pages: They also show areas the plant is naturalised (in purple) Latin Binomial All maps shown Name are derived from ‘Plants of the Common World Online’; English courtesy of Kew Name Gardens Flowering Period Photograph (this is when it is good of the plant for pollinators!) in flower Plant Family Insect groups known to Growing habit favour the and mature size nectar of this of the plant plant Useful knowledge or warnings about the plant RHS AGM cultivars of this species (or a related species occasionally) i Key to these Pages Warnings Additional information on these garden plants This plant would The flowers only be suitable for and/or leaves meadow-style have a Pleasant Plant tissue is highly planting scent toxic if ingested The plant has edible parts that are Sap may cause irritation Plant is often used in commonly eaten or (Wash hands after touching traditional Herbal Remedies used in cooking or avoid touching) ii Temperature RHS Hardiness Scale Some of the plants listed in our Top 200 are not fully H1a - Above 15ºC hardy in all or some parts of the United Kingdom. H1b - Minimum 10ºC Plants without a thermometer symbol are fully hardy in the severest UK Winter; equating to H5 or hardier. H1c - Minimum 5ºC Plants with a coloured thermometer symbol are hardy to varying degrees as follows: H2 - Minimum 1ºC H3 - Minimum -5ºC H4 - Minimum -10ºC H5 - Minimum -15ºC Almost Hardy Half-Hardy Not Frost Hardy Not Hardy (H4) (H3) (H2) (H1) iii Pollinators Our data on pollinators has been collected from studies spanning over a decade. Pollinator symbols appear when plants are proven to be good nectar (a) (b) plants for certain insects. It should be noted that all bee and hoverfly data is ours but lepidoptera data is taken from Butterfly Conservation. Our data spans a wide range of different insect species. For simplicity, these species have been condensed into six easy icons to represent them: (c) (d) a) Honeybees c) Bumblebees e) Moths b) Hoverflies d) Butterflies f) Solitary Bees (Includes Moths) (e) (f) iv Ajuga reptans Affro-Eurasia Bugle 'Catlin's Giant' Late Spring - Early Summer Lamiaceae Mint Family 1ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Yew Chan 1 Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone Europe ‘Allenii’ Spring . ‘Robinsoniana’ Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family <1ft Tuberous Photograph © Thomas McBride 2 Angelica archangelica Europe Garden Angelica Related Species: Angelica sylvestris Summer . ‘Ebony’ Apiaceae Carrot Family 6ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Christophe Christophe 3 Aquilegia vulgaris Europe Grannie’s Bonnet None Mid Spring - Early Summer Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family 3ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Matt Fletcher 4 Astilbe chinensis False Goat’s-beard East Asia ‘Purpurlanze’ Summer . ‘Superba’ Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family 3ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Yew Chan 5 Astrantia major Europe Great Masterwort ‘Sunningdale’ Summer . ‘Roma’ ‘Ruby Star’ Apiaceae Carrot Family 3ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Allan Harris 6 Brunnera macrophylla Caucasus Great Forget-me-not ‘Hadspen Cream’ Spring . ‘Jack Frost’ Boraginaceae Borage Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Dr Boli 7 Camellia japonica Japanese Camellia East Asia ‘Hagoromo’ Spring . ‘Pink Perfection*’ Theaceae Tea Family Medium Shrub * Fully double flowered cultivars are not good for pollinating Photograph from Flickr (CC) Eric Hunt insects so try to buy single flowers (see photo) when8 possible. Claytonia sibirica Pink Purslane Kamchatka Peninsula & N. America None Mid Spring - Early Summer Montiaceae Pink Purslane Family 2ft Perennial Photograph © Thomas McBride 9 Commelina communis Asiatic Dayflower Ukraine, Caucasus & East Asia None Summer . Commelinaceae Dayflower Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Wikipedia (CC) Reinhold Möller 10 Convallaria majalis Eurasia Lily-of-the-Valley ‘Fortin’s Giant’ Spring . -Species- Asparagaceae Asparagus Family 1ft Bulbous Photograph from Flickr (CC) Todd Petit 11 Caucasus & Cyclamen coum Levant Eastern Sowbread - Species – Late Winter - Mid Spring Ssp. Coum Primulaceae Primrose Family <1ft Tuberous Ffotograff o Flickr (CC) Bjorn S. 12 Europe & Daphne laureola N. Africa & Spurge-laurel Macaronesia None Midwinter - Early Spring Thymelaeaceae Daphne Family Small Shrub Photograph from Flickr (CC) Gail Hampshire 13 Digitalis purpurea Europe Common Foxglove ‘The Shirley’ Summer . ‘Dalmatian series’ Plantaginaceae Plantain Family 5ft Biennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Joachim Blattboldt 14 Eranthis hyemalis Europe Winter Aconite ‘Guinea Gold’ Mid Winter - Early Spring - Species - Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family <1ft Tuberous Photograph from Flickr (CC) Peter Stenzel 15 Euphorbia amygdaloides Afro-Eurasia Wood Spurge None Mid Spring - Early Summer Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Pat Kight 16 Ficaria verna Europe Lesser Celandine None Midwinter - Early Spring Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family 1ft Perennial Photograph © Thomas McBride 17 Galanthus nivalis Europe Common Snowdrop ‘Viridapice’ Winter . -Species- Amaryllidaceae Daffodil Family 1ft Bulbous Photograph from Flickr (CC) Allan Harris 18 Galium odoratum Eurasia Sweet Woodruff None Spring . Rubiaceae Madder Family 1ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Dan Mullen 19 Geranium phaeum Europe Dusky Cranesbill ‘Our Pat’ Late Spring - Midsummer Geraniaceae Cranesbill Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) John Dal 20 Hedera helix Europe European Ivy Many AGM varieties Late Summer but none that flower - Late Autumn Araliaceae Ivy Family 8ft Climber Photograph from Flickr (CC) Peter Stenzel 21 Helleborus niger Europe Christmas-rose ‘Walberton’s Early Winter - Early Spring Rosemary’ (Hybrid) Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family 1ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Peter Stenzel 22 Helleborus orientalis Anatolia & Caucasus Lenten-rose ‘Walberton’s Midwinter - Mid Spring Rosemary’ (Hybrid) Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Sönke Haas 23 Hepatica nobilis Common Liverleaf Europe - Species - Spring . Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family 1ft Rhizomous Photograph from Flickr (CC) Priit Tammets 24 Heuchera villosa N. America Coral Bells ‘Cherry Cola’ Summer . ‘Lime Marmalade’ Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Les Hutchinson 25 Hosta sieboldiana Syn. H. fortunei Giant Blue Plantain-lily Japan Var. aureomarginata Summer . ‘Frances Williams’ Asparagaceae Asparagus Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Gary Lerude 26 Hosta ventricosa Blue Plantain-lily China - Species - Summer . ‘Aureomarginata’ Asparagaceae Asparagus Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) C T Johansson 27 Hyacinthoides non-scripta Europe English Bluebell None Spring . Asparagaceae Asparagus Family 1ft Bulbous Photograph from Flickr (CC) Peter O’Connor 28 Hydrangea anomala Climbing Hydrangea East Asia ssp. petiolaris Summer . Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea Family 10ft+ Climber Photograph from Flickr (CC) Linda de Volder 29 Europe & Ilex aquifolium N. Africa European Holly Spring . ‘Amber’ ‘Argentea’ ‘Golden Queen’ A/W (Berries) Aquifoliaceae Holly Family Medium Tree Photograph from Flickr (CC) Randi Hausken, Bjorn S(Flowers) 30 Lamium maculatum Eurasia Spotted Dead-nettle None Summer . Lamiaceae Mint Family 1ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Manuel M. V. 31 Lamprocapnos spectabilis Bleeding Heart East Asia - Species - Mid Spring - Early Summer ‘Alba’ ‘Valentine’ Papaveraceae Poppy Family 2ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC) Mark Wordy 32 Ligularia dentata Leopardplant East Asia ‘Britt Marie Midsummer - Early Autumn Crawford’ Asteraceae Daisy Family 4ft Perennial Photograph from Flickr (CC)
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