DOCSLIB.ORG

Biodiversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) with Emphasis on Potential Arbovirus Vectors in East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biodiversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) with Emphasis on Potential Arbovirus Vectors in East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis, March 2019, 13(1): 62–75 A Paksa et al.: Biodiversity of … Original Article Biodiversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) with Emphasis on Potential Arbovirus Vectors in East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran Azim Paksa1; Mohammad Mahdi Sedaghat1; Hassan Vatandoost1,2; Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi1; Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi1; Teimour Hazratian3; Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi4,5; *Mohammad Ali Oshaghi1 1Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Departmemt of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 4Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 5Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran (Received 7 Mar 2018; accepted 2 Jan 2019) Abstract Background: The abundance, diversity, distribution and ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), especially ar- bovirus vectors are important indices for arthropod-borne diseases control. Methods: Larvae and adult mosquitoes were collected using the standard methods from different habitats in nine localities of three counties in the East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran during June to October 2017. In addi- tion, species richness (R), Simpson’s diversity index (D), Shannon–Wiener index (H)̕ and evenness (E) as measures of diversity, were calculated. Results: Overall, 1401 mosquito specimens including 1015 adults and 386 larvae were collected in the study area. The properties of geographical larval habitats were recorded. Four genera along with 10 species were collected and identified, including Anopheles hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.l., An. superpictus s.l., Aedes caspius, Ae. vexans, Cu- lex pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. perexiguus, Culiseta longiareolata and Cs. subochrea. Among the three counties, Ahar region presented the highest species richness (R: 1.5) and diversity values (D: 0.79, H’: 1.74, E: 0.73). Conclusions: This study provides important information on the diversity, distribution and ecology of ten mosquito species in the region. This information leads to a better understanding of mosquito population dynamics in relation to vector control measures. Keywords: Diversity; Ecology; Mosquitoes; Arbovirus vectors; Iran Introduction Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are sub- and Aedes. Among the Culicidae, the Aedes order of Nematocera and Culicidae family, species have the most various species and are which are the medically-important species for extremely important in medical cases (5). malaria transmission, types of filariasis, types of Mosquitoes play a crucial role in trans- encephalitis and other arboviral diseases (1-2). mission of some important diseases such as The Culicidae family includes 2 subfamilies, 11 malaria, filariasis, dengue fever, yellow fever, tribes; The Culicidae family includes 2 subfam- chikungunya, West Nile virus and Zika virus ilies, 41 Families, 11 tribes, 113 genera and which are today among the greatest health 3563 species (1-4). The most important genera problems in the world (6-9). of the Culicidae family are Anopheles, Culex Mosquitoes larvae have the power to col- 62 * Corresponding author: Dr Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, http://jad.tums.ac.ir E-mail: [email protected] Published Online: April 27, 2019 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, March 2019, 13(1): 62–75 A Paksa et al.: Biodiversity of … onize and live in a wide variety of natural and than 30 different viral diseases, including East- artificial habitats, such as temporary and per- ern horse encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis manent water resources, unclean and clean (20), California encephalitis, Western horse en- water, large or small water resources, stagnant cephalitis (21), as well as other pathogens such or stream waters and even the smallest places as Tularemia and Dirofilaria immitis (22-23). where water is gathered, such as buckets of Aedes vexans along with Ae. aegypti and Cx. water, pots, tires, bromeliads, animal feet prints quinquefasciatus, have the highest global dis- and plant leaf axes (10-11). Adult mosquitoes tribution among other mosquitoes in the world are very diverse bionomically, for example, (24-25). they are too diverse in host searching, biting Several studies were conducted on com- behaviors, dispersal and reproductive strate- position, distribution and ecology of mosqui- gies (9). Two factors (abiotic and biotic) affect toes in Iran (26-44). Considering the fact that mosquito life cycle. The biotic factors contain in the East Azarbaijan Province, some vector adult sugar and blood meal types, species com- mosquitoes of diseases such as West Nile, Diro- munications, interactions and natural enemies. filariasis and malaria present, study on the com- Physicochemical attributes of larval habitats position, distribution and ecology of mosquito are abiotic factors, which include the type and species is very important in different aspects of contents of water, temperature and rainfall. vector control programs. This study will add There are complex interactions between these important information about the composition, factors that significantly affect mosquito eco- distribution, ecology and diversity of mosquito logical adaptability and vectorial capacity for species such as establishment of mosquitoes disease transmission with significant concepts in this region. This new and important infor- for vector management and control at the lo- mation will help us to correctly control and cal and regional levels (12-13). Accordingly, monitor strategies of disease vectors, such as investigating biotic and abiotic factors for var- Ae. caspius, Ae. vexans, Cx. pipiens and Cx. ious mosquito fauna make it easier to moni- theileri. This information helps us to prevent tor potential modifications of larval habitats important vectors from increasing and estab- affected by rains, global climate change and lishment in this area due to change in human man-made activities (12-13). activities and weather; thus, the risk of trans- Aedes caspius likely transmit the human mission of disease by mosquitoes gets mini- pathogen, such as Spiroplasma sabaudiensc mized. and Crisiulospora aedis (14). These mosqui- The aim of this study was to determine toes transmit Rift Valley fever virus (RVF), composition, distribution and some ecologi- West Nile virus (WNV) and Tahyan virus (15). cal aspects of mosquitoes in East Azerbaijan In the region of Palearctic, Ae. caspius inhab- Province, Iran which is high medically im- its in lakes, pools, shores of Great Britain, and portance from the point of view of the arbo- fresh-water and lower salt marshes in the con- viral vectors. tinental parts of Europe, Russia, Mongolia, northern China, Pakistan, northeastern Africa, Asia Minor, and the Persian Gulf (17-18). Materials and Methods Aedes vexans has several subspecies, the typical species is Ae. vexans vexans, and the Study area subspecies Ae. nipponii vexans in East Asia East Azerbaijan Province is located in (19) and Ae. vexans arabiensis in Saudi Ara- northwestern of Iran between 39º 26´–36º 45´ bia, Yemen and Africa (3). This species is ex- N latitudes and 45º 5´–48º 22´ E longitudes. tremely important in medicine and has more The province covers an area of approximate- 63 http://jad.tums.ac.ir Published Online: April 27, 2019 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, March 2019, 13(1): 62–75 A Paksa et al.: Biodiversity of … ly 47,830km², it has a population of around visually or using special equipment (9, 47). four million people (Fig. 1, Table 1). This province contains 19 counties. Tabriz Data analysis City is center of the province which 1360m The species richness (R: Margalef index), above sea level. The mean annual rainfall is unified indices (D: Simpson’s diversity index about 300mm. The average relative humidity and H:̕ Shannon–Wiener index) and evenness changes are from 44%. The averages of the (E: distribution of abundances among the spe- maximum and minimum temperatures are cies) as measures of a diversity, were calcu- 17.7 °C and 6.8 °C, respectively, and the av- lated for East Azerbaijan Province and dif- erage temperature is 12.3 °C. The province ferent study counties. includes arid and semiarid climates (Fig. 1, The formulae and their rationale in the Table 1). present study are summarized below: Mosquito collection, site selection and spe- cies identification For mosquito collection, nine sites with different biotopes in three counties of Ahar, Marand, and Tabriz from East Azerbaijan Prov- ince were selected. Collection of mosquito’s larvae was per- formed in different habitats using the stand- ard dipping technique (using 350ml Clark’s dippers) and whirl pack bags (45) (Table 2). Light trap, mosquito net and aspirator was used Results for adult mosquito collection. Collection of mosquitoes was carried out during June to Oc- Totally, 1401 mosquitoes were collected tober 2017. Larvae and adult mosquitoes were from nine sites in East Azerbaijan Province identified by morphological characters (46). during June–October 2017, including 1015 adult and 386 larvae. The properties of geo- Physical and biological characteristics of graphical larval habitats (Latitude, Longitude larval habitats and altitude) have been shown in (Fig. 1, Table In these investigation characteristics of 1). Four genera
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mosquito Survey Reveals the First Record of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Species in Urban Area, Annaba District, Northeastern Algeria
    Online ISSN: 2299-9884 Polish Journal of Entomology 90(1): 14–26 (2021) DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8065 Mosquito survey reveals the first record of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) species in urban area, Annaba district, Northeastern Algeria Djamel Eddine Rachid Arroussi1* , Ali Bouaziz2 , Hamid Boudjelida1 1 Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University Souk Ahras, Algeria. * Correspondending author: [email protected] Abstract: The diversity, distribution and ecology of mosquitoes, especially arbovirus vectors are important indices for arthropod-borne diseases control. The mosquito larvae were collected in different habitats in four sites of Annaba district, Algeria, during the period of March 2018 to February 2019 and the properties of larval habitats were recorded for each site. The systematic study revealed the presence of 8 species belonging to 4 genera; including Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758), Culex modestus (Ficalbi, 1889), Culex theileri (Theobald, 1903), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), Anopheles labranchiae (Falleroni, 1926), Anopheles claviger (Meigen, 1804), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). Among the species, C. pipiens presented the highest species abundance (RA %) (55.23%) followed by C. longiareolata (20.21%). The Aedes species are recorded for the first time in the study urban area. Variation of diversity in different sites depends on the type of breeding habitat. These results provided important information on species diversity, distribution and factors associated with breeding habitats. They could be used for the mosquito control and to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases to the population of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Key for Mosquito Species
    ‘Reverse’ identification key for mosquito species More and more people are getting involved in the surveillance of invasive mosquito species Species name used Synonyms Common name in the EU/EEA, not just professionals with formal training in entomology. There are many in the key taxonomic keys available for identifying mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance, but they are almost all designed for professionally trained entomologists. Aedes aegypti Stegomyia aegypti Yellow fever mosquito The current identification key aims to provide non-specialists with a simple mosquito recog- Aedes albopictus Stegomyia albopicta Tiger mosquito nition tool for distinguishing between invasive mosquito species and native ones. On the Hulecoeteomyia japonica Asian bush or rock pool Aedes japonicus japonicus ‘female’ illustration page (p. 4) you can select the species that best resembles the specimen. On japonica mosquito the species-specific pages you will find additional information on those species that can easily be confused with that selected, so you can check these additional pages as well. Aedes koreicus Hulecoeteomyia koreica American Eastern tree hole Aedes triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus This key provides the non-specialist with reference material to help recognise an invasive mosquito mosquito species and gives details on the morphology (in the species-specific pages) to help with verification and the compiling of a final list of candidates. The key displays six invasive Aedes atropalpus Georgecraigius atropalpus American rock pool mosquito mosquito species that are present in the EU/EEA or have been intercepted in the past. It also contains nine native species. The native species have been selected based on their morpho- Aedes cretinus Stegomyia cretina logical similarity with the invasive species, the likelihood of encountering them, whether they Aedes geniculatus Dahliana geniculata bite humans and how common they are.
    [Show full text]
  • Culex Pipiens S.S
    Mosquito Surveillance and Management in Turkey Filiz GÜNAY and Bülent Alten Native and non-native vector management in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) 18-20 April 2018, Cyprus MOSQUITO BORN DISEASES IN TURKEY 1970 2013 Vector species in Turkey Widespread in the 1994 - 2012 2017 Number of cases Number of Anopheles sacharovi Number of cases Number of Malaria past cases Anopheles superpictus 170.000 84.345 - 5 cases 101 285(MoH) West Nile Vector species in Turkey Culex pipiens s.s. Difficult to control Egean, Mediterranean, Blood samples from Human Central, South East, Birds Horse Dog and Cow Encephelitis Culex quinquefasciatus Anatolia Culex perexiguus Vector species in the world Aedes aegypti Rearly seen in Turkey Central Anatolia antigens in Dengue Aedes albopictus serum of animals Past studies on Mosquito Surveillance in Turkey Parrish 1959 Ramsdale et.al. 2001 Aldemir et.al. 2009 SOVE Simsek et.al. 2011 1 Anopheles algeriensis Anopheles algeriensis 2 Anopheles claviger Anopheles claviger § D Parrish 1959 3 Anopheles hyrcanus Anopheles hyrcanus 4 Anopheles maculipennis ss Anopheles maculipennis ss 5 Anopheles messeae The Mosquitoes of Turkey 6 Anopheles sacharovi Anopheles sacharovi 7 Anopheles melanoon Anopheles (subalpinus) melanoon Anopheles melanoon 52 Tür; Anopheles (13), Aedes (17), Culex (16), Culiseta (4), 8 Anopheles marteri Anopheles marteri 9 Anopheles plumbeus Anopheles plumbeus Uranotaenia (1), Orthopodomyia (1). 10 Anopheles pulcherrimus 11 Anopheles superpictus Anopheles superpictus 12 Acartomyia phoeniciae
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © and Moral Rights for This Thesis Are Retained by the Author And/Or Other Copyright Owners
    Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", Canterbury Christ Church University, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis. Renita Danabalan PhD Ecology Mosquitoes of southern England and northern Wales: Identification, Ecology and Host selection. Table of Contents: Acknowledgements pages 1 Abstract pages 2 Chapter1: General Introduction Pages 3-26 1.1 History of Mosquito Systematics pages 4-11 1.1.1 Internal Systematics of the Subfamily Anophelinae pages 7-8 1.1.2 Internal Systematics of the Subfamily Culicinae pages 8-11 1.2 British Mosquitoes pages 12-20 1.2.1 Species List and Feeding Preferences pages 12-13 1.2.2 Distribution of British Mosquitoes pages 14-15 1.2.2.1 Distribution of the subfamily Culicinae in UK pages 14 1.2.2.2. Distribution of the genus Anopheles in UK pages 15 1.2.3 British Mosquito Species Complexes pages 15-20 1.2.3.1 The Anopheles maculipennis Species Complex pages
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologically Sound Mosquito Management in Wetlands. the Xerces
    Ecologically Sound Mosquito Management in Wetlands An Overview of Mosquito Control Practices, the Risks, Benefits, and Nontarget Impacts, and Recommendations on Effective Practices that Control Mosquitoes, Reduce Pesticide Use, and Protect Wetlands. Celeste Mazzacano and Scott Hoffman Black The Xerces Society FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION Ecologically Sound Mosquito Management in Wetlands An Overview of Mosquito Control Practices, the Risks, Benefits, and Nontarget Impacts, and Recommendations on Effective Practices that Control Mosquitoes, Reduce Pesticide Use, and Protect Wetlands. Celeste Mazzacano Scott Hoffman Black The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Oregon • California • Minnesota • Michigan New Jersey • North Carolina www.xerces.org The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation is a nonprofit organization that protects wildlife through the conservation of invertebrates and their habitat. Established in 1971, the Society is at the forefront of invertebrate protection, harnessing the knowledge of scientists and the enthusiasm of citi- zens to implement conservation programs worldwide. The Society uses advocacy, education, and ap- plied research to promote invertebrate conservation. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation 628 NE Broadway, Suite 200, Portland, OR 97232 Tel (855) 232-6639 Fax (503) 233-6794 www.xerces.org Regional offices in California, Minnesota, Michigan, New Jersey, and North Carolina. © 2013 by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Acknowledgements Our thanks go to the photographers for allowing us to use their photos. Copyright of all photos re- mains with the photographers. In addition, we thank Jennifer Hopwood for reviewing the report. Editing and layout: Matthew Shepherd Funding for this report was provided by The New-Land Foundation, Meyer Memorial Trust, The Bul- litt Foundation, The Edward Gorey Charitable Trust, Cornell Douglas Foundation, Maki Foundation, and Xerces Society members.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Culicidae) in Salfit District- Palestinian State
    Annual Research & Review in Biology 29(2): 1-11, 2018; Article no.ARRB.44160 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 The Fauna, Habitats and Medically Importance of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Salfit District- Palestinian State Shadi H. Adawi1,2* and Khalid R. Qasem1 1Department of Environmental Health, Salfit Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Palestinian Territories. 2Palestine Museum of Natural History, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestinian Territories. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2018/44160 Editor(s): (1) Dr. George Perry, Dean and Professor of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA. Reviewers: (1) Esraa Ashraf Ahmed ElHawary, Ain Shams University, Egypt. (2) Jeronimo Alencar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil. (3) Mário Luis Pessôa Guedes, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/26679 Received 09 July 2018 Accepted 30 September 2018 Short Research Article Published 19 October 2018 ABSTRACT Aim: This study was conducted to discuss the mosquito fauna, breeding sites and its habitat during January 2017 to May 2018 at Salfit district (Northwestern West Bank). Study Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in West Bank -Salfit District to collect mosquito larvae from January 2017 to May 2018. Results: Six species of the family Culicidae were collected belonging to four genera (Anopheles claviger, Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens, Culex perexiguus, Culex laticinictus and Culiseta longiareolata) were recorded from Salfit District. Cu. longiareolata, Cx. laticinictus and Cx. pipiens were the most collected species.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Plasticity to Risk of Predation: Oviposition Site Selection by a Mosquito in Response to Its Predators
    8 Behavioral Plasticity to Risk of Predation: Oviposition Site Selection by a Mosquito in Response to its Predators Leon Blaustein1, 2 and Douglas W. Whitman3 1Community Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Evolution, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. 2Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 34120 Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Oviposition habitat selection in response to risk of predation is an environmentally induced phenotypic plastic response. We suggest predator- prey characteristics for which such a response is more likely to evolve: high vulnerability of progeny to the predator; deposition of all eggs from a single reproductive event in a single site (i.e., inability to spread the risk spatially); few opportunities to reproduce (i.e., unable to spread the risk temporally); during habitat assessment by the gravid female, high predictability of future risk of predation for the period in which the progeny develop at the site; the predator is common but some sites are predator-free. We summarize work done on a particular system—the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata Macquart and its predators in pool habitats, a likely candidate system for oviposition habitat selection in response to risk of predation given these proposed characteristics. Adult C. longiareolata females can chemically detect various predatory backswimmer species (Notonectidae) but do not appear to chemically detect odonate and urodele larvae. Evidence suggests however that ovipositing females may detect other predators by nonchemical cues.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Culicidae) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
    International Journal of Epidemiologic Research Archivedoi:10.34172/ijer.2020.15 of SID 2020 Spring;7(2):74-91 http://ijer.skums.ac.ir Original Article Vertical Distribution, Biodiversity, and Some Selective Aspects of the Physicochemical Characteristics of the Larval Habitats of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran Seyed-Mohammad Omrani1* ID , Shahyad Azari-Hamidian2 ID 1Medical Parasitology Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. 2Department of Health Education, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. *Corresponding Author: Abstract Dr. Seyed-Mohammad Omrani, Assistant Professor, Background and aims: Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are still a focus of research because of their role Medical Parasitology in the transmission of diseases and annoying biting behavior. Source reduction is an effective measure Department, Shahrekord to control mosquito populations, which is based on good knowledge of larval habitats. This study was University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, conducted to obtain that basic knowledge in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Iran, P.O. Box: 3391, Methods: This study was carried out in 2011 and 2012. Geographical coordinates, altitude, pH, Shahrekord, Iran, Tel: 0098 383 33335635, E-mail: temperature, and the dissolved oxygen level of larval habitats were recorded by relevant devices, [email protected] followed by documenting physical attributes by direct observation. In addition, the indices of biodiversity were calculated to analyze the vertical biodiversity of species. Finally, the affinity index was calculated to elucidate species co-occurrence. Received: 17 Mar. 2020 Results: Eighteen species were recovered from 92 larval habitats. Low- (≤ 1400 m), mid- (1401–2000 Accepted: 18 May 2020 ePublished: 28 June 2020 m), and high- (≥ 2001 m) altitudes lodged 7, 17, and 14 species, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometry of Three Mosquito Species Vectors of West Nile
    International Journal of Mosquito Research 2018; 5(1): 12-18 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2018; 5(1): 12-18 Morphometry of three mosquito species vectors of © 2018 IJMR Received: 03-11-2017 West Nile Culiseta longiareolata Macquart 1838, Accepted: 04-12-2017 Culiseta subochrea Edwards 1921 and Culiseta Nour El Houda Boudemagh Laboratory of Applied Animal glaphyroptera Schiner 1864 collected at Collo Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji (Northeast Algeria) Mokhtar University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria Nour El Houda Boudemagh, Fatiha Bendali-Saoudi and Noureddine Soltani Fatiha Bendali-Saoudi Laboratory of Applied Animal Abstract Biology, Department of Biology, To identify the mosquito species competent for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission, we have proceeded Faculty of Sciences, Badji to the morphometry study of three mosquito species belonging to the same genus Culiseta (Culiseta Mokhtar University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata Macquart 1838, Culiseta (Culiseta) subochrea Edwards 1921 and Culiseta (Culiseta) glaphyroptera Schiner 1864. These species have been harvested in the region of Noureddine Soltani Collo (Northeast Algeria), which is characterized by a Mediterranean climate. Measurements of 32 Laboratory of Applied Animal structures considered important in the taxonomy of male and female adults, have been carried out. The Biology, Department of Biology, exploitation of morphometric data of females and the statistical analysis showed significant differences Faculty of Sciences, Badji concerning the width of the head, the length of the thorax, and the length of the tibia of the 3rd leg, Mokhtar University of Annaba, respectively. Highly significant differences were revealed in the length of the palps and the length of tarsi Annaba, Algeria of the 3rd leg.
    [Show full text]
  • 143 First Record of Culiseta Longiareolata (Macquart) For
    European Mosquito Bulletin 29 (2011), 143-150 Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association ISSN 1460-6127; www.e-m-b.org First published online 21 December 2011 First record of Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart) for Germany Norbert Becker 1,2 and Daniel Hoffmann1 1German Mosquito Control Association (KABS/GFS), Ludwigstr. 99, 67165 Waldsee, Germany. 2University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract For decades the German Mosquito Control Association (KABS) has conducted mosquito surveillance as part of a comprehensive mosquito control programme. During the summer of 2011 hundreds of dead birds, especially blackbirds (Turdus merula), were found infected with the tropical Usutu occurred to investigate whether nulliparous mosquitoes carry the virus. More than 6.000 breeding sites were investigated most of which were infested with Culex pipiens/ Cx. torrentium virus (USUV, Flaviviridae) which is mainly transmitted by ornithophilous mosquito species such as Culex pipiens. Developmental stages of mosquitoes are collected in areas where dead birds populations and some with the invasive species Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus. However, in one water container, in an open allotment- garden located near Karlsruhe and the French border, third and fourth instar larva and five pupae of Culiseta longiareolata were found. Thus the number of mosquito species in Germany increases to 49 established species. Key words: Culiseta longiareolata, Usutu virus, mosquitoes of Germany Introduction Mosquitoes are at the centre of worldwide entomological research primarily because of their medical importance as vectors of dangerous diseases like malaria and arboviroses (Becker et al., 2010). However, floodwater mosquitoes e.g. Aedes vexans and Ochlerotatus caspius can also significantly reduce life quality as they are nuisance species due to their mass development in, for example, river systems, rice fields, lakes or salt marshes with water level fluctuations.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Injury Prevention Attitude and Performance: a Community-Based Study in a WHO Safe Community
    Home Injury Prevention Attitude and Performance: A Community-Based Study in a WHO Safe Community Mohammad Sadati Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Ramin Rezapour Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Riaz Alaei Kalajahi ( [email protected] ) Tehran University of Medical Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8012-9426 Research article Keywords: Attitude, Performance, Home Injuries, Mothers Posted Date: July 12th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.11294/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/14 Abstract Background Unintentional injuries in the home are one of the threats to childhood quality of life which is considered as a social determinant of health. Regarding mother's leading role in taking care of the children in Iranian families, the present study was conducted to investigate mothers' home-injury prevention attitude and performance and its contributing factors in Sahand, Iran. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017. Sampling was done using random sampling method among all mothers of children less than ve years old who attended the health centers to receive child care services. A valid attitude questionnaire and safety performance checklist were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through SPSS-24 software using descriptive (Frequency, mean, etc.) and inferential statistics (chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis) method. Results The Mean age of mothers was 30.58 (±5.01). About 65% of the mothers held high school diplomas or lower degrees. The mean score of mothers' attitude was calculated to be 72.12(±6.79).
    [Show full text]