Tehkhand Waste to Electricity Project Limited ______

TEHKHAND WASTE TO ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED ______

Date: 13.04.2018 Date: 13.04.2018 The Member Secretary, DPCC, ISBT, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi.

Ref: MoEF&CC letter no J-13012/03/2018-IA.I (T), dated 13.3.2018 regarding approval of TOR for proposed 25 MW Municipal Solid Waste based TPP (WtE) at Tehkhand, Okhla, South Delhi by M/s Tehkhand Waste to Electricity Project Limited.

Subject: Draft EIA report of Proposed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Electricity Generating Facility at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi for conducting Public Hearing.

Dear Sir,

Please find attached herewith draft EIA report along with Executive summary in Hindi and English for conducting Public Hearing for above mentioned project.

It is kindly requested to arrange Public Hearing at an early date.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully.

Enclosed:

 Draft EIA report : 10 Copies,  Executive Summary in Hindi and English: 10 Copies each.

______Regd. Office: 9th Floor, Dr SPM Civic Centre JLN Marg New Delhi Central Delhi DL 110002 CIN: U40300DL2017GOI326915; EIA /EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI

PROJECT PROPONENT M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED

Environment Consultant Yes Enviro Solutions G-256, 2nd floor, Sector-63, Noida, U.P.-201301

List-1 of Accredited Consultant Organizations (Alphabetically) Rev. 64 APRIL 05, 2018 (Serial No-160) PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E.1.0 INTRODUCTION

The advent of industrialization, growing urbanization and population, and expanding gross domestic product (GDP), has increased the generation of waste dramatically. The composition and amount of generated waste is a visible expression of civilization and a way to measure the standard of living of nations. In fact, the amount of waste generated by households, agriculture, and industries in our country seems gravely linked to population increases and rising GDP. The gigantic amounts of waste that are hauled to dumps and accumulate in heaps and open pits have grown to become a major environmental issue. Landfilling is still the world's most widely used method for managing and treating waste. This practice has detrimental effects on the environment: land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, groundwater pollution, odor, and aesthetics. In cases where landfilling is impractical and no space is available, electricity from waste is the preferred method to reduce the volumes of waste. The landfill dump site has collapsed sometimes due to over dumping of waste. The dumping in landfills is an unsustainable method for getting rid of waste and conversion of energy from waste has been found to be suitable means of depositing it. However, industrialized areas have adopted regulations to divert waste from landfills through recycling, treatment, and materials and energy recovery. In addition, economic conditions and regulated markets have stimulated the use of waste as a resource and a source of energy. Waste-to- Electricity (WTE) encompasses methods to extract the valuable energy entrapped in waste for the production of electricity and heat. Waste collected in city contains a large amount of biological and renewable materials. It is therefore a source of renewable energy. As a consequence, energy-from-waste contributes to energy security and diversification, and matches the growing demand for renewable energy in a carbon constrained world. The objectives of this project are: 1. This project is green initiative for electricity production.

YES Enviro Solutions 1 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2. To reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill and to meet the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). 3. Recently a serious mishap occurred when a part of Gazipur landfill site located in the area of East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC) collapsed because of over dumping of waste. To avert such crises and in compliance with SWM Rule, 2016 the SDMC has engaged IIT Delhi for assisting the corporation in the process of remediation/scientific capping/closure of the existing dumpsite at SLF Okhla. Hence new project Waste to Electricity is proposed at Okhla. 4. The municipal solid waste generated in Delhi is about 9,400 MT of municipal solid waste at the rate of 0.50 kg/capita/day. Out of this, nearly 3,500 MT of waste remains untreated and has to be dumped/processed at some site. The landfill/dumping sites have already exceeded the prescribed limit of height and has severe consequences on environment, health and hygiene. The dumps have attained the height of over 40 meter as opposed to the permissible limit of 20 meter. South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) is currently collecting about 3,250 t/d of waste and is managing the waste disposal through: 5. Supply of about 1,400 t/d to the TOWML W t E project 6. Supply of about 150 t/d to the Okhla composting plant and 7. Balance 1,700 t/d to landfill

Project Proponent proposes to develop “Waste to Electricity (WtE) Plant at Tehkhand Okhla (25 MW)” with a view to reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill, thereby complying with the various regulations of scientific method of landfill as well as the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM).

YES Enviro Solutions 2 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

M/s Amaltas Enviro Industrial Consultants LLP (AEC) was earlier awarded the work of conducting EIA studies by SDMC. The project was presented for approval of ToR before the Expert Committee on 28.2.2018. The MOM of expert committee reads as follows:- “Committee further took a note that the consultant engaged for EIA studies is accredited by QCI-NABET for category ‘B’ projects in Thermal Sector. However, PP is required to engage Category ‘A’ consultant for the proposed project.” Subsequently, the work of EIA studies has been awarded to M/s Yes Enviro Solution, Noida by SDMC. M/s Yes Enviro Solutions is a QCI approved consultancy for conducting EIA studies for Category A Thermal Power Project (QCI approval dated 13th Oct, 2017). Same has been intimated to MOEF&CC by SDMC vide letter dated 01/03/2018 (Annexure-I).

E.2.0 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

As per EIA Notification, 2006 & its amendments, all electricity generating units of capacity > 20 MW (using municipal solid non-hazardous waste as fuel) will be treated as Category-A project and will require Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC. Further, in the proposed project, general conditions are also applicable as the site is within 5 km radius of Asola Wild Life Sanctuary, Okhla Bird Sanctuary ESZ, Delhi-Haryana Interstate Boundary, Aravalli ESZ and Critically Polluted Okhla Industrial Area. Therefore, project requires to obtain Environmental Clearance from the MoEF&CC. Capacity of proposed project is 25 MW, hence a draft Environment Impact Assessment Report has been considered mandatory for the Public Hearing. The EIA report would facilitate in obtaining Environmental Clearance (EC) from the MoEF&CC for the project.

E.3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The project is proposed to be located at Tehkhand, Okhla, South Delhi, Delhi. The Co-ordinates of the project site are as follows:-

YES Enviro Solutions 3 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT a) 280 30’ 35.373”N 770 16’ 50.82” E b) 280 30’ 32.409”N 770 16’ 56.59” E c) 280 30’ 23.08”N 770 16’ 50.96” E d) 280 30’ 25.494”N 770 16’ 44.93” E The land requirement for the project is 15 acres. The land has been handed over by DDA to SDMC. The project site has been examined and cleared by Hon’ble Supreme Court, Central Empowered Committee and Ridge Management Board.

Table No. E-1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

S. No. Information Details 1. Project name “Waste to Electricity (W t E) Plant (25 MW)” is located at and Location Tehkhand, Okhla, South Delhi. 2. Capacity 25 MW 3. Name of Client TEHKHAND WASTE TO ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED

4. General Protected Area-Asola Wild Life Sanctuary & Okhla Bird Conditions Sanctuary. Critically Polluted-Okhla Industrial Area. Interstate Boundary of Delhi-Haryana. Eco Sensitive Zone: - Aravalli ESZ, Okhla ESZ & Asola ESZ. Site location Village Tehkhand, Okhla District South East Delhi State Delhi Water During the Construction phase – Treated sewage water from Delhi Requirement Jal Board. During operation phase - 490 KLD of treated sewage water from Okhla STP, Delhi Jal Board.

5. Power Supply During construction phase- Power will be supplied by BSES and its Source

YES Enviro Solutions 4 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

6. Project Cost INR 375 Cr. 7. Nearest Railway Tughlaqabad Railway Station is around 1.45 km in the East- Station South-East direction.

8. Nearest Metro Tughlaqabad Metro Station is around 1.86 km in the East-South- Station East direction.

Proposed Fuel: Refuge derived fuel prepared from Municipal Solid Waste. Technology: Combustion for steam generation and steam turbo generator for power generation Processing plant design capacity: 2,000 t/d of as received MSW ± 20% Design Capacity of Waste-to-Electricity plant capacity: 25 MW

Table No. E-2:- MATERIAL INVENTORY OF THE PROJECT

Material Description Units Qty/Month Bleaching Powder Kg 125 Caustic Flakes Kg 1880 Ferric Chloride (Liquid) Kg 186 Hydrazine Hydrate Kg 16 Hydrochloric Acid-HCL Commercial Grade Kg 3600 Nitric Acid (HNO3) Kg 1500 Salt Commercial Grade Kg 20 Sodium hypo Chlorite-(NaOCl) Kg 3000 Sodium Meta Bi Sulfite (SMBS)(Na2S2O5) Kg 120 Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Kg 30

Connectivity: NH-2 at the distance of 1.62 km in East direction from the project site. Nearest railway station is Tughlaqabad Railway Station at the distance of 1.45 km in ESE direction. Nearest Metro station is Tughlaqabad Metro Station at the distance of 1.86 km in ESE direction. Nearest Airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport- approx. 15.83 km in WNW direction.

YES Enviro Solutions 5 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

E.4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE STUDY AREA The study area has been classified into core zone and buffer zone comprising the project site and the area within a radius of 10 km from the project site, respectively. The study of the area has been done from the month of December 2017 and February 2018. The nearest river is Yamuna, which is 4.95 km in NE direction from the project site. Asola Wild Life Sanctuary, Jahanpanah Reserve Forest & Okhla Bird Sanctuary are 1.65 km E, 3.30 Km WNW and 4.95 km in direction respectively.

E.4.1 Climate The climate of NCT Delhi is mainly influenced by its inland position and the prevalence of air of the continental type during the major part of the year. Extreme dryness with the intensely hot summer and cold winter are the characteristics of the climate. Only during the three-monsoon months July, August, and September does air of oceanic origin penetrate to this state and causes increased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation. The year can broadly be divided into four seasons. The cold season starts in late November and extends up to the beginning of March. This is followed by the hot season, which lasts till about the end of June when the monsoon arrives over the state. The monsoon continues to the last week of September. The two post monsoon months October and November constitute a transition period from the monsoon to winter condition.

E.4.2 Ambient Air Quality

One season monitoring was done to assess the ambient air quality. Monitoring was carried out at 12 stations for the month of December 2017 to Feb 2018. IS – 5182 part 14, 2000 was followed as guideline for selection of ambient air monitoring stations. As per guidelines one location in upwind direction and another location in downwind direction of predominant wind direction is considered. The location of air quality monitoring stations are chosen, so as to satisfy the following conditions:  The site should be representative of the area selected;

YES Enviro Solutions 6 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 The station should be set up and operated so as to yield data that can be compared with those from stations within the network; Table No. E-3:- LOCATION OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS Monitor Location Dist. From center Direction Criteria for of site (km) Selection AAQMS1 Project Site 0 - - AAQMS2 Okhla Phase-1 1 km NW Critically Polluted Area/Industrial Zone, Upwind AAQMS3 Dayal Bagh Colony 1.80 km SE Downwind AAQMS4 Tughlaqabad Village 1.87 km NW Archeological Site, Upwind AAQMS5 Badarpur Village 2 km E Residential Zone, Downwind AAQMS6 Badarpur Extension 2.40 km SE Downwind AAQMS7 Okhla phase-2 2.79 km NW Critically Polluted Area/Industrial Zone, Upwind AAQMS8 Asola Wildlife Sanctuary 3.45 km SW Wildlife Sanctuary AAQMS9 Jasola Vihar 4.5 km NE Eco Sensitive Zone AAQMS10 Sukhdev Vihar 5.5 km N Ref. NGT Order AAQMS11 Tilpat Village 7 km SE Downwind AAQMS12 Shahpur Govardhanpur 8.25 km E Downwind Bangar

The study area represents industrial, residential and restricted areas. 12 AAQM stations were selected in and around project site covering upwind, downwind and crosswind directions and

YES Enviro Solutions 7 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

NOx concentration varies from 31.3 μg/m3 to 88.5 μg/m3, CO concentration varies from 1167.6 μg/m3 to 3383.1 μg/m3 and Hg was below detectable limit in the study area.

E.4.3 Noise Environment Noise levels were recorded during the day and night time to compute the equivalent noise levels. The noise level was recorded continuous for 24 hours at an interval of 1 hour. The noise level was monitored once during the study period at each monitoring location. The noise level is recorded in dB(A). Noise levels were measured at 12 locations near residential areas, high way, commercial areas and other settlements located within 10 km radius in and around the proposed plant area. The measured L10 values ranged from 57.98 dB(A) to 70.67 dB(A), L50 values ranged from 53.1 dB(A) to 64.3 dB(A), L90 values ranged from 45.38 dB(A) to 53.85 dB(A), LLeq values ranged from 55.32 dB(A) to 69.6 dB(A), Lday values ranged from 55.43 dB(A) to 65.8 dB(A) and Lnight values ranged from 46.41 dB(A) to 55.27 dB(A). Noise levels at Dayalbagh colony, Tughaqabad village, Badarpur village, Sukhdev vihar and Tilpat village etc are exceeding the limits for residential areas. Noise levels at silence Zone i.e Asola Wildlife Sanctuary are also exceeding the limits.

E.4.4 Water Environment The total water requirement for the project during operation will be 490 KLD. The source of water is Okhla Sewage Treatment Plant, located at about 8 km from the site. The treated sewage water will be transported to the site through pipeline. Various options for routing the pipeline are being examined with a view to minimizing cost and complexity of the system. The water quality at the site and other locations within the 10 km impact zone was monitored during the study period. Surface water quality was analyzed for parameters as mentioned in the ‘Methods of Monitoring & Analysis published by CPCB and it was rated according to the CPCB Water Quality Criteria against A, B, C, D, & E class of water based on parameters identified in the criteria. The water quality in the impact zone was assessed through physico-chemical and

YES Enviro Solutions 8 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT bacteriological analysis of ground and surface water samples. The results have been compared with the drinking water quality standards specified in IS: 10500: 2012. The procedure adopted for collection of sample was same as mentioned in IS standards. Table No. E-4:- LOCATION OF WATER SAMPLING S.No. Location Dist. from Direction center of site (km) GW1 Near Project Site 0 - GW2 Existing landfill site 300 m N GW3 Okhla Phase-1 1 km NW GW4 Tughlaqabad Village 1.2 km NW GW5 Badarpur Village 2km N GW6 Shahpur Govardhanpur Bangar 8.25 km E SW1 Nallah (at site) 70 m SE SW2 Nallah (at site) 120m E SW3 Nallah (at site) 140 m S SW4 Canal (Near Molarband) 3km E SW5 Bhuriya Nallah (Near DLF 5.5 km SE Industrial area) SW6 Yamuna River 6.19 E

E.4.4.1 Ground Water Quality Observations made on the analytical results pertaining to all the locations reveal that pH ranged from 6.74 to 7.45. Turbidity of all ground water meets the permissible limits of 5 NTU. TDS value ranged between 536 mg/l (Tughlaqabad) to 1044 mg/l (Existing landfill). The chloride value of all the samples were recorded between 98 mg/l (Okhla phase-I) and 240 mg/l (Badarpur Village). Sulphate content in the ground water sample ranged from 42.2 mg/l (Okhla Phase-I) to 74.8 mg/l (Sahpur Govardhanpur Bangar) which are well within the desirable permissible limit. Fluoride content was found to be within desirable limit (from 0.74 mg/l to 0.98 mg/l) in all the water samples. Zinc content in the ground water samples were found within the desirable limit (i.e. 5 mg/l). Iron content at all the sampling locations ranged from 0.14 mg/l (Shahpur

YES Enviro Solutions 9 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Govardhanpur Bangar) to 0.28 mg/l (near project site). Values of other parameters like heavy metals are given below:- Hg at all location found to be <0.001mg/l, Cd at all location <0.002mg/l, Se at all locations <0.01mg/l, As <0.01mg/l at all locations, Cr6+ varies from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/l, Pb at all locations found to be <0.01mg/l &CN at all locations <0.05mg/l.

E.4.4.2 Surface Water Quality Monitored data of surface water pertaining to all the locations reveals that pH values ranged from 7.29 to 7.89, DO values were varied from <0.1 to 3.6 mg/l, COD values were observed from 212.5 to 475 mg/l, BOD values were observed from 92.4 to 288 mg/l, TDS values from 704 to 1147 in study samples. The total coliform was observed in the range of 70,000 to 5,42,000 MPN/100ml. The results of the parameters have been compared with the water quality criteria of CPCB. It is evident from the data that the water of Yamuna River falls in Class ‘E’ and of other locations are falling under below ‘E’. Bacteriological examination of surface water indicates the presence of high total coliform, which is due to human activities.

E.4.5. Land Environment The land for WtE project has been transferred by DDA to SDMC. DDA has changed the land use classification of the project site land to “UTILITY” from residential, commercial and recreational vide Gazette Notification dated 12th January, 2018. The land is free from all litigation and R&R issueS. The land use pattern of the study area is mainly settlements, industrial agricultural land, vegetation and open land along Yamuna river. The total area is 32432.93 ha (100%) within 10 km, out of which settlement area is 14506.27 ha (44.73%), Water bodies- 237.91 ha (0.73%), dry channel-331.71 ha (1.02% ), River-1007.48 ha (3.11%), Vegetation-620.02 ha (1.91%), Forest/WLS-3646.33 ha (11.24%), Open land-1613.89 ha (4.98%), Open scrub-4298.04 (13.25%) and Agricultural land-6171.28 ha (19.03%).

YES Enviro Solutions 10 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

E.4.5.1. Soil Characteristics For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. Ten locations within 10 km radius of the proposed project plant boundary were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil sample was collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720. Methods of soil analysis, part-1 and The International Pipette Method (Black, 1964) is adopted for determination of particle size analysis. The textural diagram was generated using “SEE Soil Class 2.0 version based on United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) classification of soils. Physical parameters such as bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity were determined by following KR Box Method (Keen and Raczkowski, 1921).

Table No. E-5:- LOCATION OF SOIL SAMPLING Monitor Location Dist. from center of Direction site (km) S1 Project Site 0 - S2 Proposed landfill Site 200 m N S3 Existing landfill site 300 m N S4 Existing manure Site 4.9 km N S5 Badarpur Village 2 km E S6 Okhla phase-1 2.11 km NE S7 Asola Wildlife Sanctuary 4 km SW S8 Jasola Vihar 5 km NE S9 Near Tilpat Village 7.5km SE S10 Shahpur Govardhanpur Bangar 8.25 km E

YES Enviro Solutions 11 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Phosphorus and Potassium in the soil samples varied from 356 to 742.5 kg/ha, 29.8 to 65.2 kg/ha and 7.75 to 112.8 kg/ha, respectively.

E.4.6. BIOLOGICAL STUDY An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to the listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystem) conditions in the study area. Detailed are given in chapter 3 of EIA report. Three ecological sensitive areas i.e Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Asola Wildlife Sanctuary and Jahanpanah protected forest exist in the study area.

E.4.6.1. Ecological Environment The project site harbors 2178 number of trees with varying height and girth classes. Out of 2178 trees, 2059 trees are Kikar with small girth. Layout of the plant has been made in such a way that minimum tree felling is involved. Compensatory plantation will be done as per 10 times the number of trees cut and its maintenance for a period of 5 years by the Delhi Forest Department. Plantation of indigenous species will be done and cost will be borne by SDMC. Along with above, 30m wide green belt will be developed in the premises. Local species with aesthetic appeal will be planted that will attract local bird and insect species. E.5.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION The impact of the project on different component of environment has been assessed and mitigative measures have been suggested. The details are given in the EIA report.

Air Environment The baseline condition of air with respect to particulate parameter is already worst in the city of Delhi. Emission modelling results show that increment value due to proposed project is insignificant. The stack emission will be controlled through flue gas cleansing system to comply with European Standards.

YES Enviro Solutions 12 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Water Environment No fresh water will be drawn from natural water body. Treated STP water will be utilized during construction and operation phase. The project will be designed based on zero discharge concept. The waste water will be reutilized in the plant premises after treatment and there will be no effluent discharge from plant.

E.6.0. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Environmental monitoring is important in terms of evaluating the performance of pollution control equipments installed in the project during operation. The sampling and analysis of the environmental attributes will be as per the guidelines of CPCB. Following attributes will be covered in the environmental monitoring in and around the project site: 1. Air quality 2. Water and wastewater quality; 3. Noise levels; 4. Greenbelt Development For environmental protection measures, proponent has allocated about Rs.70.1 Crore as capital investment during operation of project.

E.7.0. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT STUDIES Risk in general is defined as a measure of potential economic loss or human injury in terms of the probability of the loss or injury occurring and magnitude of the loss or injury if it occurs. Risk thus comprises of two variables; magnitude of consequences and the probability of occurrence. Few hazards and mitigation measures are mentioned below:-

YES Enviro Solutions 13 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

E.7.1 Vehicle hazard:-The vehicle carrying the MSW has the potential to meet with an accident during the transit due to various reasons road condition, bad weather, drunk – driver, overloading

Mitigation measure- All the vehicles used for the project construction and MSW waste collection shall be of good quality and shall be maintained by the trained drivers lead by supervisors. The GPS system installation will support the facility to track the movement of the vehicle and drivers. Overloading beyond the vehicle capacity will be prohibited.

E.7.2 Health Hazards of employees / workman engaged at the MSW site- The employees/ workman may fall ill frequently due to occupational issues.

Mitigation measure- All the employees shall be trained and provided with adequate PPE to protect from the health hazards. Separate health care scheme will be taken for the workmen employed at these work places. A first aid room with first aid facilities will be provided onsite. . E.7.3 Electrical Hazards during power generation- Electrical shock. Mitigation measure- The safe practices will be followed during the entire phase of construction and operation. All the workman shall be trained and provided with appropriate PPE during construction phase. E.7.4. Boiler explosion hazards- The hazard analysis due to boiler explosion has been done. The impact will remain within plant premises. LDO is used widely as a heating fuel in boilers and care is essential in preventing fire and explosion particularly during start-up and shutdown. A study of 100 explosions indicated that about a little less than 50% occurred during lighting off period, 40% during operation and about 10% during re-lighting on burner flame extinguishments. No explosions were reported while furnace box temperature was above 760 oC. An elaborate fire-fighting system will be installed in the plant including LDO tank.

YES Enviro Solutions 14 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

E.8.0 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN A Disaster Management Plan has been suggested for implementation during emergency situation.

E.8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS The proposed project has been planned to manage the MSW of South Delhi and convert the waste to Electricity. Waste-to-Electricity (WtE) projects are considered one of the most economical and environment friendly solutions for tackling the problem of municipal waste. This will reduce the air, water and soil contamination and odor also. This will improve the quality of life of society and will provide safe & hygienic surroundings. Development of project will provide employment opportunity to local unskilled and semiskilled people during both construction & operation phase. Indirect employment will also b e generated during construction phase of project.

E.8.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policy of Jindal SAW Ltd. The proposed project will be implemented by Tehkhand Waste to Electricity Project Limited, a subsidiary of Jindal Saw Ltd. The Jindal Saw is having a Corporate Social Responsibility Policy and same will be adopted by Tehkhand WtE Project Ltd. Corporate Social Responsibility is strongly connected with the principles of Sustainability. An organization should make decisions based not only on financial factors, but also on the social and environmental consequences. Therefore, it is the core corporate responsibility of Jindal SAW Ltd. to practice its corporate values through its commitment to grow in a socially and environmentally responsible way, while meeting the interests of its stakeholders. Jindal Saw Ltd. recognizes that its business activities have wide impact on the society in which it operates and therefore an effective practice is required giving due consideration to the interests of its stakeholders including local communities and society. The company endeavors to make CSR a key business process for sustainable

YES Enviro Solutions 15 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT development. The company is committed towards aligning with nature; and has adopted eco- friendly practices.

E.9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An Environment Management Group will be responsible managing for following activities related to environment function of proposed project.  Co-ordinate and manage the EMP implementation during pre-construction, construction and operation phase  Manage and co-ordinate environmental monitoring and pollution control system.

_ Co-ordination with government agencies in relation to environmental management activities _ Implement and monitor greenbelt development and plantation activities _ Safety officer will ensure safe working practices in all the sections of the plant. A well-defined environmental monitoring program will be implemented with trained and qualified staff.

E.10.0 CONCLUSION  WtE is an important part of integrated solid waste management system  By means of adopting modern and efficient technology, effective implementation of EMP and by implementation of industrial best practices, the marginal impacts on Air, water, land and noise will be reduced to negligible levels.  The proposed waste to electricity plant is likely to generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for both unskilled and semi-skilled workers living in the area.  Efficient and reliable process for intertizing fraction of waste left after material recycling.  SNot only this WtE project will reduce the problem associated with the disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill and to meet the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM).

YES Enviro Solutions 16 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 17 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 18 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 19 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 20 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 21 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 22 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 23 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 24 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions 25 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Terms of Reference (TOR): (i) As proposed, technology of Refused Derived Process used for power Fuel & Incineration shall be restricted. Ministry generation will be same as per shall be informed for any change in technology, if EIA report. There is no change in any. technology.(Refer Chapter-1 and Chapter-2) (ii) The remedial measures for arresting dust Details are given in Chapter-2 of generation, treatment of leachate and stabilizing the EIA report for treatment of slopes shall be taken up. Implementation plan along leachate and dust control. A with timelines and financial allocations for scientific capping/closure of Scientific and engineered closure of existing landfill existing SLF site at Okhla has shall be submitted. been initiated through IIT, Delhi. After remediation, the deposits of Okhla will be converted into green area. (iii) Directions given by Hon’ble Supreme Court in the Compliance report of the supreme IA. 138805/2017 in 202/1995 dated 5.2.2018 shall court order is enclosed as be complied. Compliance report in this regard is to Annexure-II. Details of all the be submitted. Further, details of all court cases/ court order are given in Chapter- litigation pending or otherwise with respect to 1. project in any Court, Tribunal etc. and the status shall invariably be furnished. (iv) Compliance to the conditions stipulated in the This is a new project and not an Consent to Operate (CTO) for the existing unit expansion project. However issued by DPCC shall be submitted. A certified Compliance of CTO conditions of compliance report from DPCC shall also be project. Timarpur Okhla waste submitted. management company Pvt. Ltd. submitted to DPCC is enclosed as Annexure-III. Application for certificate of compliance has already been submitted and same certificate will be submitted with Final EIA/Report. (v) As Okhla Bird Sanctuary and Asola Bird An application has already been Sanctuary and Jahapanah reserve forest surround submitted to Chief Wildlife the proposed landfill, specific recommendations warden for authentication of map from Chief Wildlife Warden shall be submitted. showing distances of Okhla Bird Authenticated map showing all protected Sanctuary, Jahanpanh Reserve areas/ESZ/ESA vis-à-vis Proposed landfill is to be forest and Asola Wildlife submitted along with .kml file. Sanctuary from project site. An acknowledgement copy of the application is enclosed as

YES Enviro Solutions 26 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Annexure-IV, whereas authenticated map will be submitted with FEIA report. (vi) Plan for avoiding the Sanitary Landfill shall be Details are given in Chapter-2 submitted as all the waste shall be utilized in the Waste to Energy Plant and other modes of utilization. (vii) Geological stability of the land shall be Geotechnical report of the study investigated and the strata of the soil shall be area is enclosed as Annexure-V analyzed. as well as refer Chapter-3 of EIA report. (viii) Detailed Geo-hydrological study shall be Geo-hydrological report of the conducted w.r.t hydraulic gradient, porosity and study area are enclosed as infiltration around 1 km of the landfill site Annexure-I (b) & V as well as refer Chapter-3 of EIA report. (ix) Aquifer characteristics shall be clearly mapped by Hydrological report having in situ conducting in-situ studies studies is enclosed as Annexure- I(b) as well as refer subsection- 3.6 of EIA report. (x) Soil sampling locations (at least 4 samples) shall Details are given in Chapter-3 of be taken across the three horizons of the soil EIA report. around 1 km considering upstream and downstream of the hydraulic gradient. Detailed Physico-chemical characteristics of soil samples shall be submitted. (xi) Characterization of leachate by conducting TCLP Details are given in Chapter-2 of studies shall be conducted. EIA/EMP report. Treatment and disposal of leachate shall be submitted. (xii) Details regarding generation and disposal method of Details are given in Chapter-2 & ash shall be submitted 4 of EIA/EMP report. (xiii) Risk Assessment Study on vector borne diseases Covered in Chapter-7 of carried through raptors and other birds along with EIA/EMP report of the project. mitigation measures shall be conducted including However, this is not a landfill birds coming to the landfill sites. project. (xiv) The proposed project shall be given a unique Unique name of the project is name in consonance with the name submitted to “Waste to Electricity (WtE) other Government Departments etc. for its better Plant” at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi identification and reference. (xv) Vision document specifying prospective long term Vision plan of the project is plan of the project shall be formulated and enclosed as Annexure-VI. submitted. (xvi) Action Plan for achieving the revised emission In this project, European norms norms of the Ministry’s vide notification dated will be followed which are more

YES Enviro Solutions 27 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

7.12.2015 and subsequent amendments be stringent than Indian norms. submitted. Details are given in Chapter-3 (xvii) The project proponent needs to identify minimum Details are given in Chapter-2 three potential sites based on environmental, EIA report. ecological and economic considerations, and choose one appropriate site having minimum impacts on ecology and environment. A detailed comparison of the sites in this regard shall be submitted, if any. (xviii) Executive summary of the project indicating It will be appropriately addressed relevant details along with recent photographs of the after Public hearing in final EIA proposed site (s) shall be provided. Response to the report. issues raised during Public Hearing and the written representations (if any), along with a time bound Action Plan and budgetary allocations to address the same, shall be provided in a tabular form, against each action proposed. (xix) Harnessing solar power within the premises of It is planned to implement the plant particularly at available roof tops and followings for harnessing solar other available areas shall be formulated and for power at the project site; expansion projects, status of implementation shall (a). Installation of solar panels on also be submitted. roof top of buildings for lighting of office building and canteen complex. (b). Lighting of internal roads and general open areas through solar panel. (c). Provision of LED bulb for solar powered areas.

(xx) The geographical coordinates (WGS 84) of the Details of geographical proposed site (plant boundary), including location coordinates (WGS 84) are given of ash pond along with topo sheet (1:50,000 scale) in Chapter-2 of EIA/EMP report. and IRS satellite map of the area, shall be submitted. Ash pond is not required in this Elevation of plant site and ash pond with respect to project. Satellite image of the HFL of water body/nallah/River and high tide level project is given in Chapter-2 of from the sea shall be specified, if the site is located EIA report. Project site is 4.86 in proximity to them km, NE from the Yamuna river. The contour level of the site varies from 181 to 191 m. The projects site is at higher elevation on morphological ridge and thus not prone to flooding. (xxi) Layout plan indicating breakup of plant area, ash Layout plan with area break up is pond, green belt, infrastructure roads etc. shall be enclosed as Annexure-VII, area

YES Enviro Solutions 28 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

provided. details are given in Chapter-2 of EIA report. (xxii) Land requirement for the project shall be optimized Details are given in Chapter-2 of and in any case not more than what has been EIA/EMP report. specified by CEA from time to time. Item wise break up of land requirement shall be provided. (xxiii) Present land use (including land class/kisam) as per The land for “W t E” project has the revenue records and State Govt. records of the been transferred by DDA to proposed site shall be furnished. Information on SDMC. DDA has changed the land to be acquired including coal transportation land use classification of the system, laying of pipeline, ROW, transmission lines project site land to UTILITY etc. shall be specifically submitted. Status of land from residential, commercial and acquisition and litigation, if any, should be provided. recreational vide Gazette Notification dated 12th January, 2018 (copy enclosed as Annexure – VIII). The land is free from all litigation issue. (xxiv) If the projects involves forest land, details of The land has been cleared by application, including date of application, area Hon’ble SC and Central applied for, and application registration number, for Empowered Committee (CEC). diversion under FCA and its status should be As directed by CEC, SDMC will provided along with copies and relevant documents. deposit the cost of undertaking compensatory plantation of ten times the number of trees to be cut and its maintenance for a period of five years with the Delhi Forest Department. Tree felling permission will be obtained from Delhi Forest Department before start of construction work. The land acquisition and R&R scheme with a time The physical possession of the bound Action Plan should be formulated and land has been given by DDA to (xxv) addressed in the EIA report. SDMC (copy enclosed as Annexure - VIII). The land does not involve any R & R issue. (xxvi) Satellite imagery and authenticated topo sheet Satellite imagery of 10 km area is indicating drainage, cropping pattern, water bodies given in Chapter-2, whereas (wetland, river system, stream, nallahs, ponds etc.), drainage map showing location of location of nearest habitations (villages), creeks, water body, nallah, river etc & mangroves, rivers, reservoirs etc. in the study area landuse showing cropping shall be provided pattern, nearest habitations etc are given in Chapter- 3 of EIA report.

YES Enviro Solutions 29 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

(xxvii Location of any National Park, Sanctuary, An application has already been ) Elephant/Tiger Reserve (existing as well as submitted to Chief Wildlife proposed), migratory routes / wildlife corridor, if warden for authentication of map any, within 10 km of the project site shall be showing distances of Okhla bird specified and marked on the map duly authenticated Sanctuary, Jahanpanh Reserve by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State or an Forest and Asola Wildlife officer authorized by him. Sanctuary from project site. An acknowledgement copy of the application is enclosed as Annexure-IV, whereas authenticated map will be submitted with FEIA report. (xviii) Topography of the study area supported by The topographical survey of the toposheet on 1:50,000 scale of Survey of India, proposed “W t E” project has along with a large scale map preferably of 1:25,000 been carried out. The terrain of scale and the specific information whether the site the site is undulating where rocks requires any filling shall be provided. In that case, are generally exposed with soil at details of filling, quantity of required fill material; places. During construction, the its source, transportation etc. shall be submitted site will be levelled which will involve cut and fill activities. However, no fill material will be transported to the site for levelling purpose. (xvix) A detailed study on land use pattern in the study The land use pattern of the study area shall be carried out including identification of area is predominantly urban and common property resources (such as grazing and no grazing land or community community land, water resources etc.) available and land falls in it. The land for “W t Action Plan for its protection and management shall E” project has been transferred by be formulated. If acquisition of grazing land is DDA to SDMC. DDA has involved, it shall be ensured that an equal area of changed the land use grazing land be acquired and developed and detailed plan submitted classification of the project site land to UTILITY from residential, commercial and recreational vide Gazette Notification dated 12th January, 2018. Land use pattern of the study area is given in Chapter-3. (xxx) A mineralogical map of the proposed site (including The land for the project site soil type) and information (if available) that the comprises of exposed red site is not located on potentially mineable coloured rock. The colour is mineral deposit shall be submitted. characterized by highly weathered quartzite rock. DDA has changed the land use

YES Enviro Solutions 30 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

classification of the project site land to UTILITY from residential, commercial and recreational vide Gazette Notification dated 12th January, 2018. Hence it is not a mineable area. (xxxi) Details of fly ash utilization plan as per the The average ash content in the latest fly ash Utilization Notification of GOI along RDF would be 20%. The total ash with firm agreements / MoU with contracting parties generation would be approx. 300 including other usages etc. shall be submitted. The TPD. For the utilization of fly plan shall also include disposal method / mechanism ash (fly ash 25 Ton, Bottom ash of bottom ash 275 Tons) an automatic plant for Brick/ interlocking paver will be installed. The capacity of the brick plant will be designed to utilize all the fly ash generated. The quenched bottom ash will be lead to bottom ash processing plant which is similar to C&D plant. The process involves segregation, size reduction and screening for fine recovery. After the processing which are not recyclable will be sent to sanitary land fill.

The water requirement shall be optimized (by Details of water calculation and (xxxii adopting measures such as dry fly ash and dry water balance diagram are given ) bottom ash disposal system, air cooled condenser, in Chapter-2 of EIA/EMP report. concept of zero discharge) and in any case not more The concept of zero discharge than that stipulated by CEA from time to time, to be and air cooled condenser has been submitted along with details of source of water and considered for the project. water balance diagram. Details of water balance calculated shall take into account reuse and recirculation of effluents (xxxii Water body/Nallah (if any) passing across the site No water body/nallah is passing i) should not be disturbed as far as possible. In case through the site. Hence diversion any Nallah / drain is proposed to be diverted, it of natural water body is not shall be ensured that the diversion does not disturb involved. the natural drainage pattern of the area. Details of proposed diversion shall be furnished duly approved by the concerned Department of the State (xxxi It shall also be ensured that a minimum of 500 m The plant site is located approx. distance of plant boundary is kept from the HFL of

YES Enviro Solutions 31 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT v) river system / streams etc. and the boundary of site 4.95 Km from river Yamuna. The should also be located 500 m away from railway railway line and NH-2 are approx. track and National Highways. 1.45 km and 1.62 km away, respectively. Details are in Chapter-2. (xxxv Hydro-geological study of the area shall be carried The Hydrogeological study of the ) out through an institute/ organization of repute to area has been carried out by Eco assess the impact on ground and surface water Design India Pvt. Ltd. Pune regimes. Specific mitigation measures shall be (enclosed as Annexure-V) and spelt out and time bound Action Plan for its SMEC- Roorkee. The implementation shall be submitted underground water level from the surface level has been found at the depth of 23.2 m. Details are given in Chapter-3 of EIA report. It is proposed to treat all effluents and leachate and no effluent will be discharged. Hence, impact on surface and ground water is not expected due to “W t E" project. (xxxv Detailed Studies on the impacts of the ecology Water requirement for the i) including fisheries of the River/Estuary/Sea due to proposed project will be met from the proposed withdrawal of water / discharge of treated sewage water of Okhla treated wastewater into the River/Sea etc. shall be STP. No water will be drawn from carried out and submitted along with the EIA any natural water body/river. Report. In case of requirement of marine impact Hence there will be no impact on assessment study, the location of intake and outfall aquatic ecology. shall be clearly specified along with depth of water drawl and discharge into open sea. (xxxv Source of water and its sustainability even in lean The office of DJB has given ii) season shall be provided along with details of commitment letter for supply of ecological impacts arising out of withdrawal of treated sewage from Okhla STP water and taking into account inter-state shares (if (copy Of letter attached as any). Information on other competing sources Annexure-IX). downstream of the proposed project and commitment regarding availability of requisite quantity of water from the Competent Authority shall be provided along with letter / document stating firm allocation of water. (xxxv Detailed plan for rainwater harvesting and its Details regarding Rain water iii) proposed utilization in the plant shall be furnished harvesting is given in Chapter-2 of EIA/EMP report. (xxxi Feasibility of near zero discharge concept shall be The project has been designed on x) critically examined and its details submitted Zero discharge concept. Details are given in Chapter-2 of EIA report.

YES Enviro Solutions 32 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

(xl) Optimized of Cycles of Concentration (COC) along The proposed Cycle of with other water conservation measure in the project Concentration (COC) is four in shall be specified. spite of using sewage water for minimizing water requirement. Other water conservation measures include adoption of air cooled condenser system, recycle and reuse of treated waste for various plant use. (xli) Plan for recirculation of ash pond water and its There is no ash pond and ash implementation shall be submitted effluent generation and ash pond in the proposed “W t E” project. (xlii) Detailed plan for conducting monitoring of water Long term monitoring of ground quality regularly with proper maintenance of records water table and its quality shall be shall be formulated. Detail of methodology and carried out in the east direction identification of monitoring points (between the from the plant and proper records plant and drainage in the direction of flow of surface will be kept. The geo- / ground water) shall be submitted. It shall be hydrological study indicates that ensured that parameter to be monitored also include direction of flow of ground water heavy metals. A provision for long-term monitoring of ground water table using is towards east direction. Details Piezometer shall be incorporated in EIA, of monitoring schedule are given particularly from the study area. in chapter-6 of EIA/EMP report. Piezometer will be installed at site for the long term monitoring of ground water. (xliii) Socio-economic study of the study area This aspect has been covered in comprising of 10 km from the plant site shall be Chapter-3 of EIA report. carried out through a reputed institute / agency which shall consist of detail assessment of the impact on livelihood of the local communities. (xliv) Action Plan for identification of local employable This point is covered in Chapter-3 youth for training in skills, relevant to the project, of EIA report. for eventual employment in the project itself shall be formulated and numbers specified during construction & operation phases of the Project. (xlv) If the area has tribal population it shall be ensured Not Applicable. The project area that the rights of tribal’s are well protected. The does not fall in Tribal area. project proponent shall accordingly identify tribal issues under various provisions of the law of the land. xlvi) A detailed CSR plan along with activities wise The project is located in urban break up of financial commitment shall be area and does not involve R&R prepared. CSR component shall be identified issue. Most of the infrastructure considering need based assessment study and Public facilities in the area are existing. Hearing issues. Sustainable income generating

YES Enviro Solutions 33 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

measures which can help in up liftment of However, a detailed CSR plan affected section of society, which is consistent with with financial commitment shall the traditional skills of the people shall be identified. be made after the public hearing. Separate budget for community development The project executor in- activities and income generating programmes shall coordination with SDMC will be specified. implement CSR activities. (xlvii) While formulating CSR schemes it shall be The CSR action plan will be ensured that an in-built monitoring mechanism dovetailed with Govt. schemes. for the schemes identified are in place and The activities undertaken under mechanism for conducting annual social audit from CSR will be monitored by an the nearest government institute of repute in the independent cell comprising of region shall be prepared. The project proponent higher officials. shall also provide Action Plan for the status of implementation of the scheme from time to time and dovetail the same with any Govt. scheme(s). CSR details done in the past should be clearly spelt out in case of expansion projects. (xlviii R&R plan, as applicable, shall be formulated The land for the project has been ) wherein mechanism for protecting the rights and handed over by DDA and it does livelihood of the people in the region who are not involve R&R issue. likely to be impacted, is taken into consideration. R&R plan shall be formulated after a detailed census of population based on socio economic surveys who were dependent on land falling in the project, as well as, population who were dependent on land not owned by them. (xlix) Assessment of occupational health and endemic Details are given in chapter-7. diseases of environmental origin in the study area shall be carried out and Action Plan to mitigate the same shall be prepared (l) Occupational health and safety measures for The project proponent Jindal the workers including identification of work Infrastructure has EHS Policy and related health hazards shall be formulated. The the same will be followed at the company shall engage full time qualified doctors proposed project. The details are who are trained in occupational health. Health given in Annexure-X. monitoring of the workers shall be conducted at periodic intervals and health records maintained. Awareness programme for workers due to likely adverse impact on their health due to working in non- conducive environment shall be carried out and precautionary measures like use of personal equipments etc. shall be provided. Review of impact of various health measures undertaken at intervals of two to three years shall be conducted with an excellent follow up plan of action wherever required.

YES Enviro Solutions 34 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

(li) One complete season site specific The details of monitoring meteorological and AAQ data (except monsoon locations, meteorological and season) as per latest MoEF Notification shall be AAQ data are described in collected and the dates of monitoring shall be Chapter-3 of EIA report. recorded. The parameters to be covered for AAQ shall include PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and Hg. The location of the monitoring stations should be so decided so as to take into consideration of the upwind direction, pre-dominant downwind direction, other dominant directions, habitation and sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station each in the upwind and in the pre-dominant downwind direction at a location where maximum ground level concentration is likely to occur. (lii) In case of expansion project, air quality monitoring This is a new waste to electricity data of 104 observations a year for relevant project at Tehkhand, Okhla. Delhi parameters at air quality monitoring stations as by M/s Tehkhand Waste to identified/stipulated shall be submitted to assess for Electricity Project Limited. compliance of AAQ Standards (annual average as well as 24 hrs). liii) A list of industries existing and proposed in the Details are given in Chapter-2 of study area shall be furnished. EIA/EMP report. liv) Cumulative impacts of all sources of emissions The details of emission, including handling and transportation of existing modelling, its impact on air and proposed projects on the environment of the quality, isopleths are described in area shall be assessed in detail. Details of the Model Chapter-4 of EIA report. used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours should be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. The wind rose and isopleths should also be shown on the location map. The cumulative study should also include impacts on water, soil and socio- economics. (lv) Radio activity and heavy metal contents of coal “W t E” project will not use coal to be sourced shall be examined and submitted as fuel. It will utilize municipal along with laboratory reports waste derived fuel. Hence, it will not generate any radio activity. (lvi) Fuel analysis shall be provided. Details of auxiliary The fuel analysis of RDF, details fuel, if any, including its quantity, quality, storage of auxiliary fuel are described in etc should also be furnished. Chapter-2 of EIA report (lvii) Quantity of fuel required, its source and The project will not utilize coal as characteristics and documentary evidence to fuel. Quantity and characteristics substantiate confirmed fuel linkage shall be of fuel to be used is given in furnished. The Ministry’s Notification dated Chapter-2 of EIA report.

YES Enviro Solutions 35 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

02.01.2014 regarding ash content in coal shall be complied. For the expansion projects, the compliance of the existing units to the said Notification shall also be submitted. lviii) Details of transportation of fuel from the source The municipal solid waste will be (including port handling) to the proposed plant and brought to the project site by its impact on ambient AAQ shall be suitably trucks from various parts of Delhi assessed and submitted. If transportation entails a falling under SDMC. The details long distance it shall be ensured that rail of transportation of Municipal transportation to the site shall be first assessed. waste (fuel) is given in Chapter -7 Wagon loading at source shall preferably be through of EIA report silo/conveyor belt. lix) For proposals based on imported coal, inland This is a waste to electricity transportation and port handling and rail movement project and will not use shall be examined and details furnished. The indigenous/imported coal. approval of the Port and Rail Authorities shall be submitted. lx) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as During construction phase, sanitation, fuel, restrooms, medical facilities, safety labours including the truck during construction phase etc. to be provided to the drivers will be provided facilities labour force during construction as well as to the like drinking water, sanitation, casual workers including truck drivers during restroom etc. by the construction operation phase should be adequately catered for agency. This will be enforced and details furnished. through a clause in the contract document. This is given in Chapter-4 lxi) EMP to mitigate the adverse impacts due to the The detail of the EMP and item project along with item - wise cost of its wise cost for implementation is implementation in a time bound manner shall be given in Chapter-10 of EIA specified. report. lxii) A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) along with The risk assessment study risk assessment study including fire and explosion including emergency issues due to storage and use of fuel should be management plan has been carried out. It should take into account the described in Chapter-7. Details of maximum inventory of storage at site at any point of fire-fighting system including time. The risk contours should be plotted on the mock drills is also included in plant layout map clearly showing which of the this chapter. proposed activities would be affected in case of an accident taking place. Based on the same, proposed safeguard measures should be provided. Measures to guard against fire hazards should also be invariably provided. Mock drills shall be suitably carried out from time to time to check the efficiency of the plans drawn. (lxiii) The DMP so formulated shall include The emergency management plan measures against likely

YES Enviro Solutions 36 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Fires/Tsunami/Cyclones/Storm Surges/Earthquakes incorporates both onsite and off etc, as applicable. It shall be ensured that DMP site plans. The details are given at consists of both On-site and Off-site plans, Chapter-7. A brief salient features complete with details of containing likely of plan will be circulated both in disaster and shall specifically mention personnel English & Hindi among identified for the task. Smaller version of the plan employees and labours. for different possible disasters shall be prepared both in English and local languages and circulated widely. (lxiv) Detailed scheme for raising green belt of native As stipulated by Hon’ble species of appropriate width 50 to 100 m) and Supreme Court, a green belt of 30 consisting of at least 3 tiers around plant boundary m width shall be developed with tree density of 2000 to 2500 trees per ha with around plant boundary. The a good survival rate of around 80% shall be plantation will be undertaken submitted. Photographic evidence must be created through State Forest department. and submitted periodically including NRSA reports in case of expansion projects. A shrub layer beneath tree layer would serve as an effective sieve for dust and sink for CO2 and other gaseous pollutants and hence a stratified green belt should be developed. (lxv) Over and above the green belt, as carbon sink, plan Additional plantation will be for additional plantation shall be drawn by carried out through State Forest identifying blocks of degraded forests, in close Department under Compensatory consultation with the District Forests Department. In Afforestation. Necessary amount pursuance to this the project proponent shall against this will be allocated for formulate time bound Action Plans along with this practice. financial allocation and shall submit status of implementation to the Ministry every six months (lxvi) Corporate Environment Policy Corporate Environmental (a.) Does the company has a well laid down Policy Environment Policy approved by its Board of The Jindal Saw company has a Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report corporate Environment, Health (b.) Does the Environment Policy prescribe for and Safety policy which is duly standard operating process /procedures to bring approved by the board . This into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of project will be constructed by M/s the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If Tehkhand Waste to Electricity so, it may be detailed in the EIA. Project Limited a subsidiary of (c.) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative Jindal Saw. order of the company to deal with the environmental A separate EHS policy will be issues and for ensuring compliance with the prepared for Tehkhand WtE environmental clearance conditions. Details of this project incorporating the system may be given. following aspects. Does the company has compliance management (d.) (a) Standard operating procedure system in place wherein compliance status along with compliances / violations of environmental (SOP) for preventive measures norms are reported to the CMD and the Board of in case of deviation from the

YES Enviro Solutions 37 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Directors of the company and / or shareholders or environmental norms. stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism (b) Hierarchical system for should be detailed in the EIA report. dealing environmental issues and compliance of environmental clearance. (c) Environmental compliance management system including violation reporting mechanism to the CMD/Board of Director. (d) Compliance of safety regulations. (e) Health check up of employees for occupation related diseases.

6 Beside the above, the following general points shall be followed: a) All documents to be properly reference with index, Agreed page numbers and continuous page numbering b) Where data is presented in the report especially in Agreed table, the period in which the data, was collected and the source should invariably be indicated. c) Where the documents provided are in a language Agreed other than English, an English translation should be provided. d) The questionnaire for environmental appraisal of Same will be submitted with the thermal power projects as devised earlier by the FEIA report. Ministry shall also be filled and submitted. e) The consultants involved in the preparation of Details are given in Chapter-11 of EIA/EMP report after accreditation with Quality EIA report. Council of India (QCI)/ National Accreditation Board of Education and Training (NABET) would need to include a certificate in this regard in the EIA/EMP reports prepared by them and data provided by other organization / Laboratories including their status of approvals etc. In this regard circular No. F.No. J11013/77/ 2004-IA-II (I) dated 2nd December, 2009 is posted on the Ministry’s website http: / / www.moef.nic.in. may be referred

YES Enviro Solutions 38 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

In addition the above, information on the following may also be incorporated in the EIA report. 1. Is the project intended to above CDM-intent? CDM Aspects i If not then, why? Presently, the CDM aspect for ii If Yes, then this project has not been considered. However, it is a Has PIN (Project Idea Note) {or PCN (Project intended to go for CDM when the Concept Note)} submitted to the NCA? (National project is operational. CDM Authority) in the MOEF? Accordingly, the Project Concept b If not, then by when is that expected? Note (PCN), Project Design c Has PDD, (Project Design Document) been Document (PDD) and other prepared? related document will be finalized. d What is the Carbon Intensity? From your electricity A similar municipal solid waste generation projected (i.e. CO2 Tons/ MWH or based WtE project of 16MW is in Kg/KWH) operation at Okhla. The PDD of this project indicate annual average emission reduction of GHG of 308,262 ton CO2/Year. 7. The Environmental clearance shall be applied only Noted after fuel and water linkages are firmed up. 8 After preparing the draft EIA (as per the generic Agreed structure prescribed in Appendix-III of the EIA Notification,2006) covering the above mentioned issues, the same shall be submitted to the DPCC for conducting the public hearing as per procedure of EIA notification 2006. The issues emerged during public hearing shall be further incorporated in the Draft EIA/EMP report. The final EIA/EMP report along with public hearing report and the requisite documents (including written objections, if any) shall be submitted to the Ministry for appraisal by the Expert Appraisal committee for consideration of awarding environmental Clearance under the provision of Environmental Impact Assessment notification dated September 14, 2006.

YES Enviro Solutions 39 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT M/s Tehkhand Waste to Electricity Project Limitedproposes to develop a “Waste to Electricity (W t E)”atTehkhand, Okhla, Delhi with a view to reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed municipal solid waste as landfill, thereby complying with the various regulations of solid waste management as well as the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). The proposed project is interlinked with “Proposed Sanitary Landfill at Okhla”.

1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT The proposed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Electricity generating project is one of the most economical and environmental friendly solution to the tackling the municipal solid waste management. A strategy paper on “W t E” was prepared by a task force of planning commission in the year 2014. The task force has given specific recommendation on “W t E” technologies. This project has been envisaged by Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi to undertake this project for addressing the issue of increasing the quantum of municipal solid waste generated in its municipal boundaries. This project is a green initiative of SDMC with the dual objectives of reducing the problem associated with the disposal of municipal solid waste along with generating power at the same time.

1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT Name and Address of the Project Proponent: TEHKHAND WASTE TO ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED, 9th Floor, Dr. SPM Civic Centre, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, New Delhi, Central Delhi, Delhi, India. Pincode – 110002 Name & Address of Contact Person: Mr. Ajay Kumar Agrawal (Authorized Signatory) Executive Engineer (Store) South Delhi MunicipalCorporation RoomNo.16, Ambedkar Stadium, JLNMarg, NewDelhi–110002

YES Enviro Solutions40M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT The brief details of the project is described in the Table No. 1.1 given below: Table No.1.1:- Details of the Project S. No. Information Details 1. Project name and Proposed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Electricity Location Generating Facility located atTehkhand, Okhla, Delhi. 2. Capacity 25 MW 3. Name of Client Tehkhand, New Delhi. 4. General Protected Area-Asola Wild Life Sanctuary & Okhla Bird Conditions Sanctuary. Critically Polluted-Okhla Industrial Area. Interstate Boundary of Delhi-Haryana. Eco Sensitive Zone: - Aravali ESZ, Okhla ESZ & Asola ESZ. 5. Site Location Village Tehkhand, Okhla District South East Delhi State Delhi Water During the Construction phase – Treated sewage water from Requirement Delhi Jal Board. During operation phase - 490 KLD of treated sewage water from Okhla STP, Delhi Jal Board. 6. Power Supply and During construction phase- Power will be supplied by its Source Bombay Suburban Electric Supply (BSES) Ltd.

7. Project Cost INR 375 crore 8. Nearest Railway Tughlaqabad Railway Station is around 1.45 km in the East- Station South-East direction. 9. Nearest Metro Tughlaqabad Metro Station is around 1.86 km in the East- Station South-East direction.

1.5 PROJECT AT GLANCE Proposed Fuel: Refuse derived fuel prepared from Municipal Solid Waste. Technology: Combustion in boiler for steam generation and steam turbo generator for power generation. Processing plant design capacity: 2,000 t/d of as received MSW ± 20%

YES Enviro Solutions41M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Design Capacityof Waste to Electricity plant: Min. 25 MW

1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS Under the Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006, the project will obtain environment clearance. The project shall abide by all applicable provisions of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 and rules formed there under. As per the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, Forest Act 980,Environment Protection Act 1986 and Environment Protection Rule 1989, Wildlife Protection Act 1972,Public Liability Insurance Act,1991 and Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016, the project shall obtained No Objection Certificate from DPCC and will obtain yearly Consent for Operation from the same during the operation period.

1.7 NEED OF THE EIA STUDY FOR THE PROJECT As per EIA Notification, 2006 & its amendments, all electricity generating units of capacity > 20 MW (using municipal solid non-hazardous waste as fuel) will be treated as category-A project and will require Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC. Further, in the proposed project, general conditions are also applicable as the site is within 5 km radius of Asola Wild Life Sanctuary, Okhla Bird Sanctuary ESZ, Delhi-Haryana Interstate Boundary, Aravalli ESZ and Critically Polluted Okhla Industrial Area. Therefore, project requires to obtain Environmental Clearance from the MoEF&CC. Capacity of proposed project is 25 MW, hence a draft Environment Impact Assessment Report has been considered mandatory for the Public Hearing. The EIA report would facilitate in obtaining Environmental Clearance (EC) from the MoEF&CC for the project.

1.8 SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY The scope of the EIA study is:-  Compilation of baseline environmental and social scenario of the study area within a radius of 10 km around the project site based on field studies for the winter season (December’17 to Feb’18) and secondary data will be collected from the authorized source /Govt. agency.

 Identification, prediction and evaluation of potential environmental impacts expected during the construction and operation phase of the project.

 Preparation of mitigation measures, Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Monitoring Programme for implementation of suggested mitigation measures.

YES Enviro Solutions42M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

M/s Amaltas Enviro Industrial Consultants LLP (AEC) was earlier awarded the work of conducting EIA studies by SDMC. The project was presented for approval of ToR before the Expert Committee on 28.2.2018. The MoM of expert committee reads as follows: “Committee further took a note that the consultant engaged for EIA studies is accredited by QCI-NABET for category ‘B’ projects in Thermal Sector. However, PP is required to engage Category ‘A’ consultant for the proposed project.” Subsequently, the work of EIA studies has been awarded to Yes Enviro Solution, Noida by SDMC. M/s Yes Enviro Solution is a QCI approved consultancy organization for conducting EIA report for Category-A Thermal Power project. (QCI approval dated 13th Oct, 2017). Moef&CC was intimated for the same. Acknowledgement letter is enclosed as Annexure-I(a).

1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE PROCESS The ToR for preparation of EIA report has been accorded by the MoEF&CC vide letter dated 13.03.2018 is enclosed before reply to TOR points after executive summary. This Draft EIA report has been prepared based on the ToR approved by the MoEF&CC and the environmental base-line study conducted during winter season (December, 2017 to February, 2018) byNABL Accredited lab Shree Krishna Analytical Services engaged by M/s Amaltas Enviro Industrial Consultant. The point wise compliance of the ToR issued byMoEF&CC is enclosed after executive summary. The Draft EIA report will be submitted to DPCC, Delhi for conducting Public Hearing. The EIA report will be finalized incorporating views expressed by public and reply given by the project proponent during Public Hearing. The final EIA report will be submitted to MoEF&CC for accord of Environmental Clearance.

1.10 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The environmental impact assessment has been carried out to assess the impact of the project on various environmental components. The methodologies and findings of the study are detailed in the EIA Report along with other relevant information under the different chapter headings as under:

1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Description of the Environment 4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 5. Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and site) 6. Environmental Monitoring Program

YES Enviro Solutions43M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

7. Additional Studies 8. Project Benefits 9. Environmental Cost & Benefit Analysis 10. Environment Management Plan 11. Summary & Conclusion 12. Disclosure of Consultants engaged

1.11 OTHER CLEARANCE REQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT The list of other approval/clearance is given in the following Table NO.1.2 is given below:-: Table No.1.2: Approvals/Clearances Sl. Approval/Clearance Center/State Authority Name No. A. Project development stage 1. Ridge Management/CEC clearance Center Ridge Management Board Authority 2. Project Registration State State Nodal Agency 3. State Level/ MoEF&CC Approval State/MoEF&CC State Level Empowered Committee 4. Bay Allocation State DTL 5. Power Evacuation State BSES Rajdhani PowerLtd.(BRPL) 6. Power Purchase Agreement State Local DISCOMs 7. Environment Clearance State CPCB/MOEF B. Pre-construction stage 1. Airport Authority of India Centre Airports Authority (N.O.C. for Chimney Height) ofIndia and Air Force HQ 2. Register of Companies (RoC) State/Centre ROC 3. Consent to Establish from State DPCC StatePollution Control Board (SPCB)

YES Enviro Solutions44M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

4. Clearance for Power Evacuation State BRPL

5. Factory License State Labour office 6. MNRE Certificate for Centre MNRE Exemptionof Excise Duty

7. NOC from Delhi Fire Services State Directorate of Fire Services

8. Disaster Management Plan State DDMA C. Construction Stage 1. Labour License State Labour office D. Operational Stage 1. Consent to Operate from SPCB State DPCC

2. Inspection & Approval before State State Elec. Board/ Synchronization Transmission &Bulk Supply Licensee 3. Approval from Director of Centre Petroleum explosives andExplosives Safety Organization

1.12 PROJECT SPECIFIC LEGAL REGULATIONS The project specific legal aspects are given below: a. Hon’ble Supreme Court order dated 05-02-2018 b. Orders of Ridge Management Board c. Central Empowered Committee a.Hon’ble Supreme court of India in a petition No.202/1995 case between T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad versus Union of India & others has passes the order on 05.20.2018 and has quoted. The recommendations of CEC for setting of the project (Copy enclosed as Annexure-XI) b. Ridge Management Board (RMB) decided to recommend the proposal to Central Empowered Committee (CEC) with the following observations:

YES Enviro Solutions45M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT i. Such proposal for establishment of landfill or Ridge area/morphological ridge area/forest land may be strictly avoided in future. ii. The User Agency shall submit a detailed timeline for reclamation of the land of the existing landfill with in a maximum time period of 03 months. iii. SDMC shall deposit 5% of the project cost of conservation and development of Delhi Ridge Area into Ridge Management Board fund by the User Agency as the project site falls within the Morphological Ridge area. iv. While setting up the plant and landfill all the required steps will be taken to ensure that least damage is caused to the Environment. c. Central Empowered Committee (CEC) recommended setting up of the Waste-to-Electricity plantation subject to following conditions: i. The SDMC, New Delhi shall deposit 5% of project cost with the Ridge Management Board Fund and which under the close supervision of the Ridge Management Board should be used by the Delhi Forest Department for conservation and protection of Delhi Ridge. ii. The SDMC will deposit the cost of undertaking compensatory planting. iii. The User Agency shall maintain a green belt of 30 m all along the periphery of the proposed site. iv. It is imperative that for future landfill sites the concerned agencies shall not be around to be located in Delhi. Ridge area/Ridge forest/ Morphological Ridge area. It must necessary be located outside Delhi in NCR. The Central Govt. must setup a high level committee of experts to locate sites whether a reasonable distance of Delhi & also away from the densely populated areas. v. Scientific capping/closure of existing SLF at Okhla shall be undertaken in a time bound manner and the site be developed into a green zone.” vi. Capacity enhancement of the existing W t E plant from existing 1,500 t/d to 2,000 t/d.MoM of RMB, CEC Recommendation & Court Order

1.13 EIA METHODOLOGY The project may have impact on environment attributes such as air, water, noise level and soil quality, hydrology and drainage pattern and meteorology of surrounding environment due to on- going project. In assessing the environmental impact, collection, collation and interpretation of baseline data is of prime importance. Long term data sets help us to get better assessment. The objective of EIA is to predict and address potential environmental problems/concerns at an early stage of project planning and design as the infrastructure development has adverse impact

YES Enviro Solutions46M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT on environment. EIA/EMP assists in the decision making process by identifying the key impacts/ issues as a results of the activities and formulating mitigation measures, leading to an improvement in environmental quality. In order to achieve these objectives, the following procedures have been adopted for the study:-  Collection, collation and analysis of regional and local environmental status for various environmental attributes (like topography, geology, ambient air quality, meteorology, water quality, noise level, soil characteristics and land use, transport, settlement status and socio economic aspects etc.) to assess base-line status of the project.

 Identification of environmental impacts leads to assessment of impact on the base-line status which will decide the feasibility of the project and suggests mitigation measures to control pollution with respect to standards applicable for the area.  Evaluation of impacts leading to preparation of environmental management and monitoring plan.  Addition study will cover disaster management plan.  Environment Monitoring Plan and budget of EMP will be discussed in Separate chapter. This report is based on scientific principles and professional judgment with resultant subjective interpretation. Professional judgments expressed herein are based on the available data and information.

YES Enviro Solutions47M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECTLIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPES OF PROJECT 2.1.1 Need of the project The municipal solid waste generated in Delhi is about 9,400 MT of municipal solid waste at the rate of 0.50 kg/capita/day. Out of this, nearly 3,500 MT of waste remains untreated and has to be dumped/processed at some site. The landfill/dumping sites have already exceeded the prescribed limit of height and has severe consequences on environment, health and hygiene. The dumps have attained the height of over 40 meter as opposed to the permissible limit of 20 meter. South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) is currently collecting about 3,250 t/d of waste and is managing the waste disposal through:

 Supply of about 1,400 t/d to the TOWML W t E project  Supply of about 150 t/d to the Okhla composting plant and  Balance 1,700 t/d to landfill

Government of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014, covering 4041 statutory towns to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. The SBM recommends preparation of city sanitation plan’ and ‘State Sanitation Strategy’ and highlights the importance of W t E projects as a potential vehicle for addressing the MSW woes in the cities. The Mission talks about subsidizing the W t E projects through the central government grant in various forms such viability gap funding (VGF) or providing generation based incentives.

“W t E” plant is one of the most sustainable waste management program and most economical and environment friendly solution for reducing the burden on landfill and generation of electricity. Proposed W t E Project of 25 MW has been planned with a view to reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill, thereby complying with the various regulations as well as the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM).

YES Enviro Solutions 48 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.1.2 Type of Project

M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED proposes to develop “Waste to Electricity (W t E) Plant” at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi with a view to reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill, thereby complying with the various regulations of scientific method of landfill as well as the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). Proposed waste to electricity (W t E) project is considered one of the most economical and environment friendly solutions for tackling municipal solid waste management. A strategy paper on W t E was prepared by a task force of planning commission in the year 2014 has come out with many specific recommendations on “W t E” technologies as well as approach for development of site specific W t E projects in the country.

2.2 PROJECT LOCATION AND SITE SURROUNDINGS

2.2.1 Location The project is proposed to be located at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi. The Co-ordinates of the project site are as follows: a) 280 30’ 35.373”N 770 16’ 50.82” E b) 280 30’ 32.409”N 770 16’ 56.59” E c) 280 30’ 22.987”N 770 16’ 51.15” E d) 280 30’ 25.494”N 770 16’ 44.93” E

Google map showing project location is given in Fig 2.1, Satellite Imagery of 10km is given in Fig. 2.2 & Toposheet showing distances of Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Jahanpanh Reserve forest and Asola Bird Sanctuary from the project site is given in Fig 2.3.

YES Enviro Solutions 49 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure 2.1: Google image showing project site and surrounding within 500 m

YES Enviro Solutions 50 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure 2.2: Satellite imagery of 10 km

YES Enviro Solutions 51 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure 2.3: Topographical Map showing distances of Okhla bird Sanctuary, Jahanpanh Reserve forest and Asola Wildlife Sanctuary from project site

YES Enviro Solutions 52 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.2.2 Connectivity & Surrounding Features The details of the site and its surrounding including connectivity are given in the Table 2. The site has good connectivity with various transport facilities.

Table No.2.1: Connectivity & Surrounding Features

S. Features Description Distance & No. Direction Nearest Railway Tughlaqabad Railway 1.45 km, ESE 1. Station Station 2. Nearest Airport IGI airport. 15.83 km, WNW 3. Nearest Highway NH-2 1.62 Km, E Nearest sensitive Okhla Bird Sanctuary 4.95 Km, NE Areas Jahapanh Reserve Forest 3.30 Km,WNW 4. Asola Wildlife Sanctuary 1.65Km,SE Suraj Khund Lake 2.75 Km,S River or canal Agra Canal 3.12km, E 5. Yammuna River 4.95, NE List of Industries in Badarpur Power Plant 2.18Km,E Study area (NTPC) Concor ICD 0.35km, E CCI building 0.24Km,E 6. Industries falling in Okhla 0.59 Km, N Industrial Area Mohan Estate Industrial Area 2.249Km, SE Industrial Area of Faridabad 3.094 Km, SE 7. Archeological Sites Adilabad Fort 1.15 (WSW) Tughlaqabad Fort 2.02 (WNW) Surajkund Reservoir 2.51 (SSE) Zafar Khan Tomb 1.76 (WNW) India Gate 12.47 (NNW) Safdarjung Tomb 11.17 (SE) Parliament House 13.84 (NW) Rashtrapati Bhawan 14.05 (NW) Jantar Mantar 14.42 (NW) Shamshi Talab 10.08 (W) National police Memorial 13.44 (NW)

YES Enviro Solutions 53 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

S. Features Description Distance & No. Direction Garden HauzKhas, MundaGumbad 10.14 (NW) National Museum, New 12.79 Delhi (NNW) Secretariat, North Block 13.77 (NW) Secretariat, South Block 13.60 (NW) PuranaQila 11.64 (NNW) Baro Lao KaGumbad 12.55 (WNW) Humayun’s Tomb 9.70 (NNW) Agasen Ki Baoli 14.00 (NNW) Deer Park Lake 9.95 (WNW) Chor Minar 8.47 (WNW) Sanjay Van 10.11 (WNW) QutubMinar 9.47 (WNW) Chaumachi Khans Tomb 10.12 (WNW) Qila Rai Pithora 8.65 (WNW) Lal Bangla 10.86 (NNW) Khair-Ul-Manzil 11.55 (NNW) Kos Minar 10.83 (NNW) Tomb of Ghiyasuddin 1.75 (WNW) Tomb of Nizzamuddin Aulia 9.80 (NNW) Bagh- I- Alam ka Gumbad 9.55( WNW) Arab Sarai 9.55 (NNW) Lakhar wal Gumbad 9.55 (NNW) Shamsid Tallab 10.11 (W) Sunder Wala Mahal & Burj 10.12 (NNW) Tomb of Mohammed shah 9.80 (NNW) Tomb of Sikander Lodi 11.18 (NW) Biran ka Gumbad 9.13 (NW) Choti Gunti 9.14 (WNW) IDGAH of Kharehra 8.54 (WNW) Nili masjid 8.68 (NW) Khirkee Masjid 6.43 (WNW) Satpula 6.10 (WNW) Tomb Of Yusuf-Qattal 6.60 (WNW) Jahaz Mahal 10.02 (W) Akshardham Temple 11.39 (N)

YES Enviro Solutions 54 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

S. Features Description Distance & No. Direction Lotus Temple 5.28 (NNW) Garden of Five senses 8.17 (E) Iskon Temple 5.77 (NW) Parliament House 13.85 (NW) Gurudawra Bangla Sahib 14.69 (NW)

2.3 LAND DETAILS OF THE PROJECT The present W t E project of Tehkhand has been planned to address the issue of municipal solid waste of South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC). The existing landfill sites of SDMC have exhausted their capacities and are presently overburdened. Most part of the SDMC area i.e. southern and western parts fall under the air funnel zone and not suitable for establishing of solid waste management facility. Further, because of paucity of lands in the city and ever increasing amount of solid waste, it is imperative to process the MSW to the maximum extent possible to minimize dumping at the landfill sites. SDMC is not having any land parcel available at its existing MSW disposal facility. However, DDA has recently allotted a total of 50.431 acres of land for management of MSW near Tehkhand (Annexure – XII). Accordingly, Tehkhand has proposed to setup on 15 acres of land (out of 50.431 acres of land allotted by DDA) a Waste to Electricity of 25 MW at Tehkhand. This plant will be able to process 2000 TPD of MSW. The project site has been examined and cleared by Central Empowered Committee (CEC), Ridge Management Board and Hon’ble Supreme Court. The project site does not involved rehabilitation and resettlement.

The land requirement for the project is 15 acres. For optimizing the land requirement by the bidder, provision has been made that the land lease charges are required to be paid by the bidder for the land that would be used for the project. The breakup of land requirement is given in Table no. 2.2.

Table No. 2.2: Breakup of Land Requirement S.No Particulars Area in Acre 1. Total Land for WtE 15 project 2. Main Plant 4.98 3. Green Belt (30 m) 7.37 4. Road Area 1.82 5. Open Area 0.83

YES Enviro Solutions 55 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

The CEA norm for land requirement for main plant of thermal power project using indigenous coal recommends 0.52 Acre/MW. CEA has not prescribed norm for land requirement for WtE project. In this project, the land requirement (including office building and canteen) comes to 0.6Acres/MW which is close to CEA norm for coal based plant.

2.4 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA The details of the present site with respect to the site selection criteria are given in the Table No. 2.3 is given below:

Table No. 2.3: Site Selection Criteria

1. Major techno-economic  Land availability & its  Adequate land has been feasibility consideration. development allotted by DDA to SDMC for the project.  Product demand around  There is a great demand of the selected site electricity in Delhi.  Access to site for  The site is well connected by transportation of road/rail/for transportation of equipment/ construction the equipment and machinery, material, etc. machinery.  Fuel availability and its  Sufficient municipal solid transportation waste is available in the SDMC area for this WtE project.  Water availability and  Treated sewage water from consumptive use. Okhla STP will be utilized for consumptive use.  Environmental and  The project site has been forest aspects cleared by Ridge Management Board, Central Empowered Committee (CEC) and Hon’ble Supreme Court.  Power evacuation  Generated power will be immediately evacuated from the power plant to the grid for distribution or further  Ultimate plant capacity, transmission. which could be set up  25 MW ± 15%

2. Incompatible land use If any incompatible land and ecologically sensitive use attributes fall within attributes with respect to the study area, the identified suitable sites. following details has to be

YES Enviro Solutions 56 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

provided:  Public water supply  Yamuna River. areas from rivers/surface water bodies, from groundwater.  Scenic areas/tourism  Ridge Area, various areas/hill resorts. Archeological monuments.  Religious places,  Nill pilgrim centers that attract over 10 lakh pilgrims a year  Protected tribal  Nill settlements (notified tribal areas where industrial activity is not permitted);  Monuments of national  List of the monuments are significance, World given in Table no 2.1 Heritage Sites  Cyclone, Tsunami prone  Nill areas (based on last 25 years);  Airport areas  IGI Airport at a distance of 16.53 km. and Safdarjung airport at 10.26 km.

 Any other feature as  The land falls under the specified by the State or morphological ridge area. local government and other features as locally applicable, including  Asola Wildlife Sanctuary, prime agricultural lands, Jahapanah Reserve forest & pastures, migratory Okhla Bird Sanctuary lies corridors, etc. within 5km from project site. If ecologically sensitive attributes fall within the study area, please give details. Ecologically sensitive attributes include  National parks  Wild life sanctuaries Game reserve  Tiger reserve/elephant reserve/turtle nesting ground

YES Enviro Solutions 57 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Mangrove area  Reserved forests  Protected forests  Wetlands  Endangered species of flora and fauna, etc. 3. Social aspects  Corporate  Details are given in chapter 7. responsibilities & status of compliance  Employments and  Approximately 100 to 150 infrastructure added in the labor will employed during vicinity of the plant construction. During operation 100 to 130 (100 workers and 30 office staff) people will be employed.

 Status of land  DDA has allotted requisite availability, current and land to SDMC. Land use of post project land use project site has been changed variation by DDA from Residential to Industrial vide Gazette Notification Dated 12th January, 2018.

 Places of archaeological  Details are given as Table no. importance, river, streams, 2.1. estuary, sea, hills/mountains etc.  Places of historical,  Details are given as Table no. cultural, religious or 2.1. tourist importance, defense installation  Importance of the  Proposed project will proposed product for improve the quality of life Quality-of-Life with respect to sanitation health and hygiene due to utilization of Municipal solid waste for energy production.

2.5 OVERALL DESIGN CONSIDERATION Technology selection criteria for projects such as waste to electricity projects, which are regulated generally, follow three different criteria as per decision maker guide to municipal solid waste incineration:

YES Enviro Solutions 58 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Key mandatory criteria  Strongly advisable criteria  Desirable criteria

A list of criteria under these different heads has been prepared based on the perusal of the various documents and experiential knowledge are given in the Table No. 2.4.

Table No. 2.4: Technology Selection Criteria

Criteria Provision/Observations Mandatory MSW rules & NGT orders-salient features

 Waste to electricity processes for conversion of dry non-recyclable combustible fraction of waste into energy or supply as feedstock to solid waste or refused derived fuel based power plants.  Refuse derived fuel means segregated combustible fraction of solid waste other than chlorinated plastics in the form of pellets or fluff produced by drying, shredding, dehydrating.  High calorific value waste shall either be directly utilized for energy production or by preparing refuse derived fuel for energy production or give away as feed stock for preparing refuse derived fuel.  Chlorinated plastics shall not be incinerated.  The CO2 concentration in tail gas shall not be less than 7%.  All the facilities in twin chamber incinerators shall be designed to achieve a minimum temperature of 950oC in secondary combustion chamber and with a gas residence time in secondary combustion chamber not less than 2 (two) seconds.  Incineration plants shall be operated (combustion chambers) with such temperature, retention time and turbulence, as to achieve total Organic Carbon (TOC) content in the slag and bottom ashes less than 3%, or their loss on ignition is less than 5% of the dry weight.  Conformance to detailed norm on air pollution control. Strongly advisable  Bio-degradable and recyclables are separated through a suitable material sorting facility.  Processing of bio-degradable fraction.  Processing the combustible content of the MSW.  Recovery and processing of the recyclable content Performance parameters:  >75% PLF

YES Enviro Solutions 59 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Heat rate < 4,500 kcal/kW  Auxiliary consumption <15% including for MRF section Desirable Commercially established technology (10 years of track record- reference Planning commission report 2014). Optimizing plant capacity taking into considerations the longer term development scenario on:  Availability of MSW  MSW characteristics  Implementation of provisions of MSW Rule 2016 and NGT orders on sorting & segregation at source.  Allow only the non-usable, non-recyclable, non-biodegradable, non-combustible and non- reactive inert waste. Pre-processing rejects and residues from waste processing facilities to go sanitary landfill and the sanitary landfill sites shall meet the specifications as given in Schedule-I (MSW Rules), however, every effort shall be made to recycle or reuse the rejects to achieve the desired objective of zero waste going to landfill.

2.6 ESTIMATED PROJECT COST The total cost of the project is Rs. 375 Crore which includes the land cost as well as the development cost.

2.7 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION Construction of the project will be initiated after grant of EC from MoEF&CC. However, SDMC has prepared a project progress bar chart for implementation of the project which is given below in the Table No .8. 2.5.

YES Enviro Solutions 60 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table No. 2.5: Project Progress Bar Chart

YES Enviro Solutions 61 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.8 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY The technology proposed to be employed for this project is RDF Combustion based Reciprocating Grate Technology the power plant constitutes of Material Recovery Facility, RDF fuel Pit, Incinerators, Boilers, and Steam Turbine Generators with power generation capacity of min 25 MW. The in-house consumption will be 15% of the generated power. Air cooled condensers are to be used in lieu of WCC. The generated Bottom ash to be processed in the bottom ash processing plant is to be similar to C&D plant. After the processing which are not recycled for further process will be sent to Sanitary Landfill. Fly ash to be utilized in bricks manufacturing within the site or to be sent to nearest bricks manufacturers. Air pollution control system will consist of Flue Gas Treatment System which includes Adsorption of acidic components by lime and Activated carbon in turbo reactor and filtration of dust particles through bag filters. Leachate Generated from the WTE plant treated in the Effluent Treatment Plant and other waste water will be used for ash quenching. Treated water will be used for green belt development. This green belt is proposed to be design primarily for effective control of pollution with in the tolerant limit, and having sink capacity, can help contain & attenuate pollutants in air, and thereby restore & revitalize the environment on a long time. The proposed technology will help in the disposal of waste in an environmentally safe manner and more productive utilization of waste in form of RDF & electricity. Thus adding to clean & renewable energy, safe guarding the already depleting fossil fuels. The residues reaching the Sanitary landfill too will be reduced hence, conserving land. Any change in technology will be intimated to MoEF&CC.

2.9 WATER REQUIREMENT The total water requirement for the project during operation will be 490 KLD. The source of water will be Okhla Sewage Treatment Plant, located at about 8 km from the site. The treated sewage water will be transported to the site through pipeline. Various options for routing the pipeline are being examined with a view to minimizing cost and complexity of the system. The Water Balance of the project is given in Fig 2.4.

2.10 WATER BALANCE The water system of the project has been considered based upon reuse/recycle of waste water, taking into consider Zero water discharge concept. The project will be using treated sewage water for conserving natural fresh water. For reducing water requirement, air cooled condenser cooling system has been proposed instead of water cooled condenser system. Other effluents generated from DM plant, boiler blowdown, cooling system blowdown etc. will be brought to centralized effluent collecting pit. After neutralization, the effluent will be used as service water for floor washing, horticulture, sprinkling on road and other general purposes. The condensed water from Leachate treatment plant will be recycled for quenching of bottom ash. Thus, no effluent is proposed to be discharged.

YES Enviro Solutions 62 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure 2.4 Water Balance Diagram

YES Enviro Solutions 63 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.11 FUEL DESCRIPTION All “W t E” facilities require some degree of pre-processing of MSW leading to what is commonly known as refuse derived fuel (RDF). The objectives of preparation of RDF from MSW are multi fold, which include:

 Meeting the terminal goal of solid waste management (SWM) practices for inversion of SWM pyramid.

 Enhancing the fuel quality for better technological and environment performance of the “W t E” projects.

 Optimizing the level of investment for fuel preparation as well as energy generation plants.

 Complying with various statutory and regulatory requirements.

 Sustainable social performance of SWM systems.

The quality requirement of RDF for different “W t E” technologies is illustrated in the following Table No. 2.6 is given below:

TABLE NO. 2.6: QUALITY/ TECHNOLOGY MATRIX

The proposed project is based on the combustion technology.

2.12 PREPARATION OF RDF The various stages of MSW processing for preparation of RDF following this technology are as follows:

YES Enviro Solutions 64 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Mixed MSW received at site will have high level of moisture content. It will be heterogeneous in terms of content and size. Raw waste will also contain metal and inert in various size in addition to finer organic matter.  Municipal Solid waste (MSW) arriving at the facility in trucks will be weighed bridge and unloaded into SWM storage pits near the Tipping floor. Tipping floor will have four gates to enable dump trucks to unload material in to storage pit.

 Initially mesophilic bacteria will be added which oxidizes carbon to CO2, liberates large amount of heat. Temperature up to 50oC will reach within 2 days leading to reduction in moisture content. Moisture reduction leads to free flow ability of waste and loosening of material for easy separation and shedding.

 Partially dried material will be fed to hopper for mechanical segregation for removal of inert and fines. Unacceptable material can also be separated manually from conveyor system.  The processing of MSW will involve segregation of material into following components  Inert material for disposal to landfills.  Recyclable including metals for disposal by sale  Fine compostable material for conversion into stable compost for sale and  Processed MSW for use in boilers as fuel for energy generation. i) Mechanical Segregation Magnetic separator is installed to remove the ferrous scrap before feeding. Ballistic separator performs screening action as well as gravity separation segregates the waste into following fractions.  Fines below 10 mm Size: - these contain digested organic matter and are sent to compost section for further curing and completion of composting process.  A material above 80-100 mm size is retained on top screen and is sent to shredder for size reduction.  Middle fraction (10 to 100mm) is feed for the boiler which is transported to boiler feed storage. EOT crane with grab will make separate heap and also feed the stored material in to feed hoppers of boilers.  Heavy inert material is separated by gravity/inertia separation and is fed to inert material conveyor for disposal. ii) Combustion & steam Generation  Processed MSW will be used for steam generation by incineration in boilers.  Reverse reciprocating with forward feed inclined grate has performed most successfully in WTE projects under different fuel conditions all over the world. MSW is slowly propelled through the combustion chamber (furnace) by a hydro-mechanically actuated

YES Enviro Solutions 65 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

grate. Fuel continuously enters one end of the furnace and ash is continuously discharged at the other after going through several to and fro movement within the chamber. The plant is configured to enable complete combustion as MSW Moves through the furnace.  Primary combustion air is preheated to dry the fuel and then allow complete combustion. Process conditions are controlled to optimize the feed moisture by steam heated air pre- heater and control the residence time of the fuel in the furnace for complete combustion. Boilers are provided with sophisticated instrument, control and monitoring and temperature gauge for the various sections in the boilers. iii) Power Generation  Rankine steam cycle is used for power generation. Efficiency of the Rankine cycle depends upon the pressure and temperature of the superheated steam with a view to contain the corrosion impact at higher temperatures for MSW power plants is maintained at around 400oC and consequently the pressure at around 42 Kgf/cm2 (a).  Air cooled condensers will be used for condensing steam exhaust from the turbine. Power will be generated in Alternator at 11 kV. Additional switch yard will be installed for export of power to DISCOM grid.  The flowchart of preparation of RDF is given in the Fig 2.5.

YES Enviro Solutions 66 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure 2.5: Process Flow Diagram of Pre-processing for preparation of RDF

YES Enviro Solutions 67 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Quality of the Municipal waste, i.e. calorific value is a vital consideration for power generation projects based on different types of fuel including waste. Both actual and reported GCV values can vary widely due to various reasons such as:

 Seasonal variation due to climatic conditions.  Zonal variation due to life style impact-more GCV due to presence of more combustibles in wastes from effluent colonies.  Mixing of sweepings, silts & C&D wastes.  Sampling and analysis error.  Absence of standardized methodology for preparation analysis of waste samples (as received, air dried, oven dried).

The weighted average GCV value has been determined considering the average GCV value of individual constituent as shown in the following Table No. 2.7.

Table No. 2.7: Weighted Average GCV Individual Constituent

Constituents Minimum Maximum Average GCV (kCal/kg) Straw/hay 0 6.2 2 3500 Wood 0 7.9 2 4000 Textile 2.5 9.8 5 7000 Paper 1.5 2.5 2 5700 Coconut 0 4.6 2 2500 Plastics 2.5 15.5 5 12000 Dry leaves 2 9.2 4 2500 Weighted average 1364 value

SDMC has carried out sampling test& waste analysis for 20 sites, average calorific varies between 640 kcal/kg to 2,810 kcal/kg. The values for the different areas are shown in the Fig No. 2.6 & Fig No. 2.7

YES Enviro Solutions 68 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure No. 2.6 :- Weighted Average GCV values

Taking into consideration the wide variation in the reported GCV values, further iterative exercise has been carried out taking into account the:

 The physical characteristics of the wastes and the combustible constituents.  The quantity of wastes received from individual zones and the weighted average values of GCV on both ‘as received’ and dry basis.  The average values based on chemical and physical characteristics.

Figure No. 2.7 Weighted average of GCV of zones

The GCV values for the purpose of project capacity assessment has been computed by averaging the ARB values based on physical and chemical characteristics. This works out to 1,225 kcal/kg for 2017.

YES Enviro Solutions 69 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.13 PROJECT LAYOUT The project layout is given Fig 2.8.

YES Enviro Solutions 70 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure No. 2.8 : Site Layout plan

YES Enviro Solutions 71 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.14 PROCESS DESCRIPTION The description of process involved in the generation of electricity from municipal waste is given below:

 MSW receiving  Pre Segregation  Heat Recovery & Steam Generation  Power Generation  Flue Gas Cleaning System  Leachate Treatment

2.14.1 MSW receiving It Consist of following:

2.14.1.1 Weigh bridge Two weigh bridges (1-input & 1-output) of minimum 40 tons weighing capacity will be installed at the material recovery facility. The platform scales will have the capability of accurately measuring tare and net weights of range of vehicles. The scales will have a minimum designated level of accuracy (i.e. ±5kg). The weigh bridge will be a permanent structure furnished with appropriate space to maintain and operate the computerized weight recording system, store historical records and have sufficient room for two weigh bridge operators. The weighbridge will generate and maintain an electronic database for each delivery with time stamp and provide a print out of the specifications and details for each consignment received at the Project Site.

2.14.1.2 Material processing and compost recovery facility It has been estimated that about 2,000 t/d waste would be available in 2019, the first year of operation of the proposed WtE project at Tehkhand, Okhla. Provision for space for future expansion will be kept in the processing area. Material processing and compost recovery facility consists of MSW unloading, manual / mechanical segregation, RDF preparation and compost section. Processing of waste will be done in 3 shifts and two-hours / shift will be for maintenance and cleaning of processing section. Equipment sizing will be done accordingly to handle the waste in this stipulated time. Proper redundancy will be designed for critical equipment to reduce the breakdown time. The process flow and material balance diagram for processing plant is given in Fig. No. 2.5.

YES Enviro Solutions 72 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.14.1.3 Tipping floor Each truck carrying the municipal solid waste will be visually inspected before it goes to a weighbridge. If the MSW vehicle contains a high percentage of unwanted materials, then it should not be accepted in the plant. For effectiveness the drivers of the truck should also be provided with training on different materials in the MSW and their uses. The weighbridge operator then instructs the driver to proceed to the tipping floor, where the driver unloads the waste in the designated area only. This tipping floor is elevated up to 5.0 meter from bottom of the pits for effective unloading of waste. Sufficient quantity of sanitizer will be inoculated at this point with sprayer to reduce odor.

2.14.1.4 Natural drying section In natural drying section, there will be drying pits and tipping floor equipped with EOT crane and grab bucket for MSW aeration and feeding to the hoppers for further segregation / processing. Tipping bay will be in the front side and MSW will be retained in the bay for one day, hence maximum leachate will be collected here. There will be 8 nos. drying pits to reduce moisture from the waste. This area would be covered. The air required for the boilers would be drawn through ducts opening into the covered space thereby protecting the surrounding areas from the nuisance created by foul odour. Transparent sheets will be provided in the roof for sunlight. Pit area will be equipped with 2 EOT (Electric Overhead Travel) cranes and cactus grab on each side. Drying pit is designed to accommodate the 2,000 t/d material and size of the pit will be 30 m x 22.5m x 5 m. There will be 4 drying pits in one section for smooth and safe operation during unloading. Material will be disturbed with the help of grab crane for aeration and on 9th day, this material will be fed into the hopper for manual/ mechanical segregation. Thus, there will be 8 days’ retention time for natural drying and moisture reduction. EOT grabs will be used to turn material for aeration and feed dried materiel in to the hoppers. MSW will be stacked in the form of trapezoidal heaps and turned periodically to provide proper aeration and temperature control. It is the process of degradation of biodegradable material by certain micro-organisms in the presence of air, producing stabilized material. The process begins at an ambient temperature due to the activity of mesophilic bacteria which oxidize carbon to CO, thus liberating a large amount of heat. Usually, the temperature of the waste reaches 500C within two days, which is the upper limit of temperature tolerance of mesophilic organisms. At this point, the process is taken over by thermophilic bacteria and the temperature continues to rise. Biological digestion will be carried out by controlled aerobic process by successive populations of microorganisms (thermophilic enzymes) leading to development of stable temperature up to 650C to release carbon dioxide, minerals, organic substrate, energy and moisture. This is being recognized and is approved by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Most of the thermophilic phase, which lasts about two weeks, takes place in the temperature range of 55- 650C.

YES Enviro Solutions 73 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

The process is dependent, of course, on the provision of a suitable environment for the microbes, in addition to the nutrients provided by the waste material. The main requirements are adequate supply of air and moisture. Compared to an anaerobic process, an aerobic conversion process is preferable as it is fast, exothermic and free from odour. The aerobic process also helps in eliminating pathogenic bacteria weed seeds, larva, etc as a result of high temperature developed during the process. This system is much better than surface drying through hot air; it also works out cost effective. Moisture reduction (up to 20%) leading to free flow ability of waste and loosening of material for easy shredding will be achieved.

2.14.2 Segregation- Details are described below 2.14.2.1 Manual & mechanical segregation On 9th day, semi decomposed material will be fed to hopper for manual segregation and removal of large size materials like boulders, stones, synthetic fabrics, mats, tires, hard boards, woods, etc. This would ensure mechanical safer operation of the subsequent for the pre-processing equipment. Stones and boulders will be collected on the inert conveyor and transported for landfill. Combustibles will be collected and conveyed for further processing including shredding. Next step is mechanical Segregation. In this section the waste is segregated into sizes of -10mm, +100mm and 10-100 mm size. Manually separated material will be fed into ballistic separator, where waste will be segregated into – 10 mm size, +100 mm size and 10-100 mm fraction. 10-100 mm fraction waste will be conveyed to RDF storage and heavy reject will be transported to SLF / C&D plant. -10 mm size material contains digested / semi digested organic waste and soil. This material will be stored in curing section for 2-3 weeks in the covered area earmarked for preparation of the compost. The same is shown in Fig No. 2.9:

Figure No. 2.9: Flow diagram of segregation process

YES Enviro Solutions 74 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

The solid waste above 200mm is further processed in shredder to reduce the size to 100 mm and below. Before shredder there will be magnetic separator to remove ferrous material and eddy current separator for removing aluminum metals. The sized and free of metals RDF would be conveyed to the storage bin containing the sized material from the earlier screening process. Thus, the fuel fraction would include all combustible materials having sizes ranging from 10 mm to 100mm.

2.14.2.2 Curing and refinement section Material will be distributed with the help of grab crane for further curing. The compost will have the activity of micro-organisms and the slow process of the digestion will be taking place. To stabilize the compost, it has to be cured by adding water and providing gentle turning for a period of 15-20 days for further stabilization and moisture control. Cured material from the curing section is fed to a moving bed feeder conveyor using EOT grab crane. The feeder conveyor feeds the material at a controlled rate to the rotary trommel, which contains a sieve size of 4mm. The screened material coming out of the rotary trommel is passed through a permanent magnet and is then sent to the gravity separator, which removes heavy impurities such as glass, metals, sand, silica etc. from the organic manure. If the moisture is excess, the cured material should be dried before sieving and then be sieved. The final product coming out of the gravity separator is transferred to a storage space. The refined compost is stored in the compost storage area and the same can be bagged in a semi- automated packing unit.

2.14.2.3 RDF Storage & feeding Prepared RDF will be stored in the RDF storage area. Capacity of RDF storage will be for buffer storage only. This area is covered with roof and equipped with 2 EOT (Electric Overhead Travel) cranes and cactus grab to feed RDF into boiler.

2.14.2.4 Disposal of rejected material All rejected materials are sent to landfill sites through vehicles. The weighbridge operator weighs the tare vehicle as well as loaded vehicle after the rejected material is loaded.

2.14.3 Heat Recovery & Steam Generation Details are given below:

2.14.3.1 Boilers Including Auxiliaries Steam requirement has been computed by developing heat and mass balance tool specifically developed for the project. Two boilers with RDF throughput equivalent of 600 t/d RDF each has been considered. This would help improving operational reliability taking into account the periodic stoppages required for cleaning of boilers operating on such fuels. The following

YES Enviro Solutions 75 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT three parameters have been taken into account while carrying out basic engineering design of the boilers:  Air temperature for combustion  GCV of the fuel  Exit flue gas temperature Boiler combustion system would be designed to operate on RDF of GCV range 1,500-2,500 kcal/kg. This would ensure operation sustainability even under uneven drying conditions, fire safety of the RDF plant and storage bin and safety of technology selected. Incinerator/Steam generator is considered for proposed plant.

Incineration is a thermal process for waste treatment where raw (unprocessed waste) and processed waste (RDF) can be used as boiler feedstock. Incineration is the most popular waste treatment method that transforms waste materials into useful energy. Fuel is combusted in the temperature of 850ºC and is converted in to flue gas and non-combustible materials with solid residue state called bottom ash. Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80– 85% and the volume by 90-95%, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. This means that while incineration does not completely replace land filling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal. The following are the types of MSW incinerators:

 Reciprocating Grate Incinerator  Fluidized Bed Incinerator

2.14.3.2 Reciprocating Grate Incinerator In this project Reciprocating Grate incinerator will be used and requires that the grate be able to move the waste from the combustion chamber to allow for an effective and complete combustion. The grate has three sections, first one for drying, followed by combustion & the last for conveyance of ash. Provision has been made for supply of preheated air to take care of flame stability under varying moisture content in the RDF fuel. This would ensure maintenance of appropriate furnace condition ensuring output, efficiency and environment performance all the time. The movement of the MSW particles in a grate would be influenced by:  Properties of waste-particle size, shape, density and bulk density impacting angle of repose of the mass under different conditions.

 Geometry of the grate-ratio of length to width, inclination of grate, angle of fixed & reciprocating.

YES Enviro Solutions 76 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Operating parameters such as feed rate, reciprocation speed, point of ignition and combustion conditions (air fuel mixing).  The main advantages of reciprocating Grate Incinerator are as follows:  The technology is widely used and thoroughly tested for waste incineration and meets the demands for technical performance.  It can accommodate large variations in waste composition and calorific value.  Allows for an overall thermal efficiency of up to 75~80%.  System is able to operate up to 8,000 hours per year with one scheduled stop for inspection and maintenance of a duration of roughly one month.

2.14.3.3 Auxiliary fuel and firing System: There shall be a dedicated oil firing system for each boiler, these burner system comprises set of start-up and auxiliary burners. The main purposes of these burners are: Start-up burner, it will support during refractory dry out for gradually heat up the furnace during start-up for drying and baking of the refractory lining Preheating (if necessary) of the furnace during normal start up procedure of the furnace Auxiliary burner.

 The auxiliary burners have been designed to maintain the required temperature and retention time.  These burners are used during startup and shutdown condition to achieve certain combustion temperature in controlled way when there is no fuel so as to avoid any damage in installation due to sudden temperature variations.

There is limit of flue gas exit temperature from the perspective of reaction in SNCR. This limits the waste heat recovery potential in the air pre-heater. Further, it is very difficult to control the temperature of pre-heated air in an air pre-heater. It has therefore, been considered necessary to install steam heated air pre-heater (SCAPH). Two-stage SCAPH-the 1st one based on low pressure steam from bleed of STG and the 2nd one from high pressure saturated steam from steam drum, with appropriate control system would be used. This would help in regulating the final temperature of air as per requirement of the boiler corresponding to the moisture level in the RDF and at the same time optimize the overall thermo-dynamic efficiency of the system along with sustainable environment performance. 2.14.4 Power Generation: - Process of generation of electricity from turbo-generator is described below:

2.14.4.1 Turbo-generator Turbo-generators convert the thermal energy of steam into mechanical work (Turbine) & then convert the mechanical energy to the electricity (Alternator). Depending upon the size of the

YES Enviro Solutions 77 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT machine and operating parameters, the alternator can be either directly coupled with the turbine or mechanically connected through a gear box in between; latter is mostly in case of smaller capacity machines such as the ones for “W t E” projects. High pressure steam is admitted into the when chamber of the turbine and then expanded in fixed and moving nozzles depending upon the turbine configuration. During the process of expansion (adiabatic in ideal case), the nozzles/blades thermal energy is converted into mechanical work. Low pressure steam at the end of the expansion can be either extracted for processes and/or preheating of feed water for improving the overall thermodynamic efficiency of the plant or condensed directly at lowest possible pressure (related to the absolute atmospheric pressure) for generating maximum power from the available steam. Steam is required in the “W t E” plant for the HP-heater as well as feed water de-aerator& SCAPH. This steam can be extracted from the turbine under different modes.

2.14.4.2 Condensing plant High pressure steam is expanded in the turbine and condensed in the condenser at the lowest possible pressure for extracting maximum possible work from the thermal energy contained in the steam. Generally the water cooled condensers are most favorable for condensing steam. Hot water is cooled by the cooling tower & heat is rejected to atmosphere by evaporation of water. Thus, over a time span the concentration of the salt level in the cooling water sump increases. This requires periodic blow down to maintain the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) within limit. Higher concentration of the TDS in circulating water will lead to the scaling on the surface of condenser thus decreasing the performance. TDS in the circulating water is normally not allowed to exceed the range of 2,500-3,000 ppm for circuiting water. The amount of blow down is governed by the concentration of the dissolved salts in the make-up water. It is proposed to use the sewage water for the power generation. It has been studied by DESL in past projects that treatment cost of the sewage water for use in the cooling tower becomes non-techno viable. In past projects, it has been studied that the life cycle costing for similar type of water properties yields more attractive for air cooled condenser than water cooled condenser. It is, therefore, proposed to deploy ACC for the project. As per the MoEF notification dated 7 th December, 2015, new plants to be installed after 1st January, 2017 shall have meet specific water consumption up to maximum of 2.5 m 3 /MWh and achieve zero water discharge” which would be meet through ACC. The flow diagram of power generation technology is given below in Fig 2.10.

YES Enviro Solutions 78 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure No. 2.10:- Flow Diagram of Power Generation

YES Enviro Solutions 79 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.14.4.3 Electrical system The plant electrical system comprises the main generator unit, step up sub-station for power evacuation and plant auxiliary system. Power would be generated at 11 kV and would be stepped up to 66 kV for transmission to the grid sub-station. Four step down transformers each of 11/0.433 kV, 2.5 MVA rating would be installed for supply of power to the plant auxiliary system and equipment.

2.14.4.4 Power evacuation Power evacuation is an important aspect of a power project that allows generated power to be immediately evacuated from the power plant to the grid for distribution or further transmission. Major and important components of the system are as follows:

 Power transformer  Circuit breaker (CB)  Current transformer (CT)  Potential transformer (PT)  Lightning arrestor (LA)  Cables &conductors  Isolator (Iso)  Energy meter  Transmission lines or cables

The evacuation system for “W t E” plant will be designed as follows:

Fig No. : 2.11 Evacuation system for “W t E” plant

YES Enviro Solutions 80 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Evacuation of power would be carried out by installing a 66/11 kV switchyard in the plant and laying 66 kV transmission cables (underground) between plant and the nearest upcoming grid sub-station at 400/220/66 kV at Tughlaqabad. The plant will supply approximately 20 MW of minimum power for 16 hours (during 2 shifts when processing plant will operate) and approximately 21.88 MW of maximum power for 8 hours (during 1 shift when processing plant will not operate).

2.14.4.5 Interconnecting facilities Dedicated transmission cables with protective equipment will be laid till 400/220/66 kV substation at Tughlaqabad which is approximately 2 km from the project site. A Satellite view of the distance between the plant and the substation is shown in Fig No. 2.12:

Figure 2.12: View showing approximate distance between “W t E” power plant and substation

2.14.5 Flue Gas Cleaning

System Pollution from “W t E” projects remain an area of high concern both for the regulators and society at large. The proposed project will adopt latest technology for control of pollution and will meet the European standards.

YES Enviro Solutions 81 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.14.5.1 Air Pollution Control Air pollution control technology has been developed to take care of all concerns through elaborate arrangement of multistage treatment and control and monitoring system. The flue gas treatment system consisting of lime and activated carbon injection system, quenching chamber and reaction tower followed by bag filters ensures total compliance with the most stringent regulation anywhere in the world. Process control for the flue gas treatment facility consists of three loops, in which the first loop continuously controls the flow of re-circulated absorbent to the reactor by continuously monitoring the quantity of flue gas. The second loop is controlled by a temperature measurement of the outlet gas, which ensures that the flue gas is cooled down by controlling the quantity of water sprayed. Water required to cool down flue gases is very less and get evaporated in system itself. The third loop is used to control the adding quantity of hydrated lime through acid gases (HCl, SO) of the outlet loop. Flue gas flowing out from the reactor then goes into the bag filter removal of micro particles including hazardous substances. The purified flue gas is discharged by ID fan and vented into the atmosphere. Online air monitoring system will be installed at site. Both capital and operating costs are fairly high and have to be specifically factored for financial Viability analysis of such projects.

2.14.6. Leachate Treatment Details are described under section 2.16.

2.15 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Liquid effluent is granted from following sources: a) Leachate from the municipal waste bins. b) Waste water from various source, Boiler blow down water, cooling water blow down, Waste water from DM water plant. c) Domestic waste water. d) a) Detailed Leachate Treatment System Leachate is the water-based complex liquid, comprising of innumerable organic and inorganic compounds, which percolates through landfills and accumulates at the bottom. The water from interstitial moisture of the decomposing waste and also due to precipitation subsequently moves through the waste deposit collecting the leached chemicals thereby forming leachate. Leachate contains a host of chemicals that may be toxic to both humans

YES Enviro Solutions 82 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT and environment. Also, the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of leachate makes its treatment inevitable. Leachate when escapes to nearby environment poses an enormous threat to the groundwater and surface water contamination hence making the process of Leachate Management exceptionally critical. While the characteristic of leachate depends considerably on the waste deposit, age of the landfill, temperature and moisture content, it is significantly concentrated in terms of toxic chemicals and thus the treatment of leachate becomes crucial in preventing the high-risk contamination. Leachate management follows the hierarchal procedure comprising of:

a) Leachate Avoidance: by keeping the compost as dry as possible. b) Leachate Minimization: by re-circulating the leachate onto the composting heap. c) Leachate Collection & Treatment: by incorporating proper drainage system to collect the leachate from the bottom and efficiently treating to comply with the standards before disposing the treated liquid waste into streams.

Table No. 2.8:- Characteristics of Leachate Parameters UOM Values Chemical Analysis pH Value at 25 °C - 6.82 Phenols mg/L 0.8 Arsenic (as As) mg/L ND (<0.01) Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.5 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.03 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.2 Mercury (as Hg) mg/L ND (<0.005) Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 0.7 Fluoride (as F) mg/L 3 Ammonia (as NH3) mg/L 546 Cyanide (as CN) mg/L ND (<0.01) Oil& Grease mg/L 227 Solids Dissolved (TDS) mg/L 14075 BOD3 days at 27°C mg/L 13761 CCO (as O2) mg/L 34402 *Cobalt (as Co) mg/L 0.3 *Specific gravity g/cm3 2.16 General Parameters Chromium Total (as Cr) mg/L 0.7 Hexavalent Chromium (as mg/L ND (<0.01) Cr6+) Nickel (as Ni) mg/L 0.8 Nitrate (as N) mg/L 95

YES Enviro Solutions 83 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Solids Suspended (TSS) mg/L 1690 Odour Objectionable Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) mg/L 2152 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N) mg/L 1832

2.15.1 Treatment Scheme The proposed leachate treatment system is based on Primary treatment followed by thermal treatment. The flow diagram of leachate treatment system is given in Fig 2.13.

 Thermal treatment

The plant will consist of the following:  Primary treatment will consist equipments to control COD, BOD & suspended solids level to meet the feed requirements for thermal treatment. Sludge thus generated will be incinerated in the boilers.  Primary treated leachate will further be fed into evaporator for concentrating. This concentrate will be directly pumped to boiler feed hoppers and will be incinerated in the boiler.  Condensate generally used back for quenching purpose.

Leachate Pit

Primary Steam Sludge Treatment

Multi Effect Concentrate Evaporators

Inhouse Condensate Boilers

Figure No. 2.13: Process flow diagram of leachate treatment plant

YES Enviro Solutions 84 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

B) Waste Water from Other Sources of Plant Waste water generated from air pollution control system, boiler, blow down, cooling water blow down and DM plant will be brought to Neutralization pit through drains, After proper mixing, the waste water will be neutralized using acid/alkali dosing. The neutralized treated water will be used for quenching, floor washing, gardening etc. the waste water system will be designed on zero discharge concept.

C) Domestic Water Sewage generated from the plant will be connected to the sewerage system of the area and treated in the STP plant.

2.16 SOLID WASTE Combustion of MSW/RDF produces fly ash and bottom ash just as is the case when coal is combusted. The total amount of ash produced by municipal solid waste combustion depends upon the total quantity of residual inerts in the RDF, quantity of inherent ash in the different fuel fractions and the completeness of the combustion of the fuel. Based on the current scenario, the ash content can range from 15 to 25% of the total MSW processed. The quantity of fly ash amounts to about 5–10% of the total ash. Detailed description of bottom ash and fly ash is given below:

2.16.1 Ash The average ash content in the RDF would be 20%. The total ash generation would be approx. 300. TPD (fly ash 25 Ton, Bottom ash 275 Tons). Management of two ash are as follows:

2.16.2 Bottom ash After thermal processing, approximately 10-12% (by weight) of the waste remains as bottom ash. It is composed of post-combustion solid waste including the ash, non- combustible residuals and potentially residuals of incomplete combustion (carbon). Bottom ash from waste incineration facilities is typically classified as a non-hazardous waste. The quenched bottom ash will be lead to bottom ash processing plant which is similar to C&D plant (The process involves segregation, size reduction and screening for fine recovery).

 Granulates can be used as foundation material in road construction or in brick making or stability works in landfills.

YES Enviro Solutions 85 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 A possible way to reuse the bottom ash is to replace the materials in the base course and sub base in road pavement.

 As bottom ash contains acceptable amounts of phosphorous and potassium, it can be used as a partial replacement of commercial fertilizers.

 Bottom Ash is non-hazardous and consists of slag, glasses and partially unburned organic matter and chunks of metal and minerals. MSW bottom ash is a light weight material from the specific gravity compared to natural sand and gravel. This is an advantage in the construction of fills on grounds with low bearing capacity.

 After the processing which are not recyclable will be sent to sanitary land fill.

2.16.3 Fly ash It is the fine particulate matter still in the flue gases downstream of the heat recovery units and is removed before any further treatment of the gaseous effluents. The chemical composition shows that the major elements are Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na and Cl. Chloride content and heavy meals is higher in the fly ash. CaO is the most abundant compound that exists in MSW fly ash. The fly ash shall be collected in silos and most of it will be utilized/ marketed in dry form. The fly ash which cannot be utilized / marketed will be disposed to the ash dump area. The fly ash generated in thermal power stations has commercial value because of its usage in cement and construction industries. Fly ash generated from the plant shall be commercially utilized in one or more of the following industries to the extent possible:

2.16.4 Brick making The Cement Association of India has conducted research and experiments for making hollow bricks using fly ash. The Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Roorkee has also conducted experiments in making bricks by using fly ash as an admixture with black cotton soil. In this project, bricks of minimum 105 kg/cm 2 strength were produced by CBRI. The capacity of the brick plant will be designed to utilize all the fly ash generated.

2.16.5 Concrete making/ Building industry Fly ash can also be used as masonry mortar. The work done at CBRI suggests that mixtures shall be thicker than 1:6 (by volume) to enable them to be used as mortar. As a masonry mortar, fly ash is used in place of Surkhi and prepared in a way similar to Lime- Surkhimortar. Lime fly ash mortars are cheaper and better in performance and strength than Lime-Sand mortars.

YES Enviro Solutions 86 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.16.6 Fly ash aggregate making industry The fly ash can be converted to light weight aggregate which can substitute the presently used conventional aggregate, in concrete blocks, flooring and nonload bearing structures such as compound walls, canals, pavements, etc.

2.16.7 Road making/ paving It has been reported from the laboratory tests conducted by the Cement Association of India that fly ash with other ingredients can be used for paving roads. Fly ash mixed with sand and hydrated lime is used as a base course of asphalt pavement. The breaking strength of such a pavement is calculated to be as high as 68 kg/cm.

The objective of the project being waste utilization and disposal, it shall be ensured that rejects arising from pre-processing and processing (inerts, ash, sludge etc) shall be treated, utilized and disposed off as per statutory standards on a daily basis in the site allocated for the engineered landfill.

2.16.8 Inert waste from pre-processing Construction &demolition (C&D) waste and the inert waste needs to be segregated during the preprocessing of municipal solid waste. Only the inert material or waste from C&D treatment plants will be end up in the landfills.

 The C&D waste can be effectively used in several ways as inert fill material for low- lying areas & landscaping and/or soil cover for landfill sites.

 Processed C&D waste can be used for road and embankment construction.

Odour pollution can be a problem with old-style plants, but odours and dust are extremely well controlled in newer “W t E” plants. They receive and store the waste in an enclosed area with a negative pressure with the airflow being routed through the boiler which prevents unpleasant odours from escaping into the atmosphere. Along with this odour control fragrance materials will be used in the odour control system by using Air solution method.

2.17 HARNESSING SOLAR POWER It is planned to implement followings for harnessing solar power at the project site: (a). Lighting of internal roads and general open areas through solar panel. (b). Provision of LED bulb for solar powered areas.

YES Enviro Solutions 87 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Material Inventory of the project: List is given below in Table No.-2.9.

TABLE 2.9 Material Inventory of the Project

Material Description Units Qty./month Bleaching Powder Kg 125 Caustic Flakes Kg 4950 DBNPA Biocide Kg 1880 Ferric Chloride (Liquid) Kg 186 Hydrazine Hydrate Kg 16 Hydrochloric Acid-HCL Commercial Grade Kg 3600 Nitric Acid Kg 1500 Salt Commercial Grade Kg 20 Sodium HYPO Chlorite-NaOCL Kg 300 Sodium Meta Bi Sulfite SMBS Kg 120 Sulfuric Acid Kg 30

2.18 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

The Jindal Saw Company has a corporate Environment, Health and Safety policy which is duly approved by the board. This project will be constructed by M/s Tehkhand Waste to Electricity Project Limited a subsidiary of Jindal Saw. A separate EHS policy will be prepared for Tehkhand WtE project incorporating the following aspects.

(a) Standard operating procedure (SOP) for preventive measures in case of deviation from the environmental norms. (b) Hierarchical system for dealing environmental issues and compliance of environmental clearance. (c) Environmental compliance management system including violation reporting mechanism to the CMD/Board of Director. (d) Compliance of safety regulations. (e) Health check up of employees for occupation related diseases.

YES Enviro Solutions 88 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

2.19 CDM ASPECTS Presently, the CDM aspect for this project has not been considered. However, it is intended to go for CDM when the project is operational. Accordingly, the Project Concept Note (PCN), Project Design Document (PDD) and other related document will be finalized. A similar municipal solid waste based “W t E” project of 16MW is in operation at Okhla. The PDD of this project indicate annual average emission reduction of GHG of 308,262 ton

CO2/Year.

YES Enviro Solutions 89 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents a regional background to the baseline data which will help in better appreciation of micro-level field data, generated on various environmental and ecological attributes of the study area. The baseline status of the project on environment is described section wise for better understanding of the broad spectrum of environmental conditions. Field monitoring studies to evaluate the baseline status of the project study area were carried out as per MoEF&CC and CPCB guidelines. Environmental data has been collected with reference to proposed project for: a) Land Environment b) Soil Environment c) Water Environment d) Air Environment e) Noise Environment f) Biological Environment g) Socio-economic Environment

3.2 STUDY AREA The study area comprises of project site (core area) and area in 10 km radius around the project site (Buffer area).

3.3 STUDY PERIOD Baseline environmental data generation for environmental attributes was carried out from December, 2017 to Feb, 2018.

3.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF STUDY AREA The physiography of Delhi is dominated by the river Yamuna, and the Aravali range, and the plains in between, formed by alluvium deposits of recent formation. The Yamuna River and terminal part of the Aravali hill range are the two main geographical features of the city. The Aravali hill range are covered with forest and are called the Ridges; they are the city’s lungs and help maintain its environment. The Delhi Ridge and its four sections, the northern, the central, the south central and the southern constitute the farthest extension of the Aravali range, its spurs meeting the Yamuna at two points, in the north and the east. Ecologically, the Ridge acts a

YES Enviro Solutions 90 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT barrier between the Thar Desert and the plains and slows down the movement of dust and wind from the desert. The natural forest of ridge has a moderating influence on temperature, besides bestowing other known benefits. The Yamuna River is a sacred river for most of the inhabitants and Delhi’s source of drinking water. The land of the plain is mostly fertile. The Yamuna River is the only perennial river in the area and is flowing in the eastern direction from the project site.

3.5 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE DELHI

Delhi is bounded by the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains in the North and East, by Thar Desert in the West and Aravali hill ranges in the South. The terrain of Delhi is flat in general except for a low North- northeast to South-southwest trending ridge that is considered and extension of the Aravali hills of Rajasthan.

3.5.1 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE The topographical survey of the proposed “W t E” project has been carried out. The terrain of the site is undulating where rocks are generally exposed with soil at places. Contour level of the site varies from 181 msl to 191 msl.

3.6 GEOLOGY AND GEO-HYDROLOGY Delhi, the capital of India, is bounded by the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains in the North and East, by Thar Desert in the West and by Aravali hill ranges in the South. The terrain of Delhi is flat in general except for a low NNE-SSW trending ridge which is considered and extension of the Aravali hills of Rajasthan. The ridge may be said to enter Delhi from the SW. The eastern part of the ridge extends up to Okhla in the South and disappears below Yamuna alluvium in the NE on the right bank of the river.

The South district of NCT Delhi covers 250 Sq. Km. of area of which 45.2 Sq. Km area shows mountainous undulating terrain exposed with Delhi quartzite. The district is also characterized by a saucer shaped vast alluvium field in the central part of the district popularly known as Chattarpur Basin. Some of the villages like Chattarpur, Gadaipur, Mandi, Ghitorni, Ayanagar, Fatehpur Beri and Satbari fall within this area. The overburden composed of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand and varying proportions of Kankars. In the deep basin area, depth zone of 38 m to 55 m is characterized as prominent gravel zone admixed with silt and fine sand followed by clayey-silt and fine sand with occasional kankar nodules. Near to basement, somewhat medium sands and angular gravels (ferruginous and gritty types quartzites) are also encountered. At some places viz.Aya Nagar & Fatehpur Beri at depth near to the basement rock, lenses of sticky yellowish clay are also encountered. The area across southern Delhi Ridge which falls in South District namely Hauj-khas, Saket, Khanpur, Pushpvihar, Lal-kunwa and Sarita vihar are

YES Enviro Solutions 91 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT underlain by marginal alluvium deposits with a thickness ranging from 60 m to 94 m below which Quartzitic basement rock prevails.

However, site specific Geotechnical investigation of the land adjacent to the site has been carried out by M/s Eco-Design India Pvt. Ltd., Pune and SMEC-Roorkee for establishing geological stability of the site. This study assists in proper design of the foundation of the plant. The nature and compactness of sub-soil strata have been investigated through in-situ drill holes upto 15.0 m depth below existing ground surface. A total of 5 drill holes were drilled. Groundwater was not encountered to the depth at 15 m at all the drill holes. The terrain has an undulating surface with exposed rocks and soil at certain places. The top part of the land is characterized by highly weathered quartzite rock. The whole land has a characteristic red colour because of high weathered rock with quartz crystal. This characteristic extends upto a depth of 12 m. Below 12 m depth, moderately weathered quartzite grey coloured rocks with reddish tint are found. The terrain has an undulating surface, where rocks are generally exposed with soil seen at places. The drill no-3 (DH No-3) indicates a layer of silty sand (SP) up to 6.0m depth.

The depth of water level recorded in the state of Delhi during January 2016 ranges from 0.74 m bgl to 59.51 m bgl (South District). It is observed that only 6% of the wells have shown water level in the range of 0-2 m bgl. About 18 % of the wells analysed have shown water level in the range of 2- 5 m bgl, about 25% of the wells have shown water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl and 27 % wells show water level in the range of 10-20 m bgl. Deeper water level in the range of 20-40 m bgl and more than 40 m bgl are shown by 16% & 8% of the wells analysed respectively. It is observed that Southern parts of Delhi show deeper water levels of more than 20 m bgl.

Figure No. 3.1:- Source: - Ministry of Water Resource, Govt of India

YES Enviro Solutions 92 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

The site specific Hydrogeological and Aquifer study has been carried out by M/s Eco-Design India Pvt. Ltd., Pune and SMEC-Roorkee. The area is part of the Yamuna basin comprising of newer alluvium which is made up of sand, silt, clay, gravel and kankar (calcareous nodules). The surface beds are admixed with wind-blown Aeolian deposits of recent age. The alluvial sediments are underlain by harder formations of Delhi System of rocks. Thus, the sub-surface strata comprises of top soil, weathered rock, fractured rock and solid rock. The water level from the ground level was found at 23.2 m. The aquifer flow is towards east direction. The permeability of top layer rock varies from 1 to 3 Lugeon, indicating impervious nature of geological formation. Because of presence of massive weathered exposed rock system, the infiltration of liquid towards ground water from proposed “W t E” project is unlikely.

3.7 LAND-USE /LAND COVER PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA

The land use/ land cover map has been prepared based on Toposheet of Survey of India as well as Master plan of Delhi 2021. Land-Use classification of the study area based on toposheet with respect to major land use categories are presented in Table no. 3.1, Fig no. 3.2 and Fig no. 3.3. Land-Use classification of the study area based on Master Plan 2021 with respect to major land use categories are presented in Table no. 3.2, Fig no. 3.4 and Fig no. 3.5.

Table No. 3.1:-Landuse pattern based on Toposheet S. No. Landuse Class Area (Ha) 1 Settlement 14506.27 2 Water Bodies 237.91 3 River 1007.48 4 Dry Channel 331.71 5 Vegetation 620.02 6 Forest/WLS 3646.33 7 Open Land 1613.89 8 Open Scrub 4298.04 9 Agricultural Land 6171.28 Total 32432.93

The Pie-Diagram showing land use pattern based on toposheet is given in Fig no. 3.2

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LANDUSE MAP

19.03 44.73 13.25

11.24 4.98

0.73 1.91 1.02 3.11

Settlement Water Bodies River Dry Channel Vegetation Forest/WLS Open Land Open Scrub Agricultural Land

Figure No. 3.2:- Landuse Map

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Figure no. 3.3: Landuse Map of the 10 km Study Area Based on Toposheet

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Table no. 3.2:-Landuse Map of Master plan of Delhi

S.No Landuse Class Area (Ha) 1 Commercial 596.66 2 Public and Semipublic facilities 1325.21 3 Green Area/ Agriculture land 641.05 4 Industrial 1324.07 5 Recreational /WLS 5754.08 6 Residential 9094.24 7 Airport/terminal 89.79 8 Utility 335.02 9 River 1151.49 10 Village 617.38 11 Government Area 193.11 12 Urbanisable/Open area 11310.83 Total 32432.93

The Pie-Diagram showing landuse pattern on Master Plan of Delhi is given in Fig no. 3.4.

Landuse 4.086 1.840 1.977 34.875 4.082 17.741 0.595 28.040 1.904 3.550 1.033 0.277 Commercial Public and Semipublic facilited Green Area/Agricultural land Industrial Recretaional/WLS Residential Airport/terminal Utility River Village Government Area Urbanisable / open area

Figure no. 3.4:- Landuse pattern on Master Plan of Delhi

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Figure no 3.5:- Landuse prepared form Master plan Delhi 2021, Faridabad 2021 and Noida Master Plan 2031

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Comparison of the two landuse are little difficult. The landuse based on toposheet, shows landuse of the study at area that time, whereas the landuse of master plan shows what would be the expected land use pattern of the area upto year 2021 or 2031.

3.8 CLIMATE The climate of NCT Delhi is mainly influenced by its inland position and the prevalence of air of the continental type during the major part of the year. Extreme dryness with the intensely hot summer and cold winter are the characteristics of the climate. Only during the three-monsoon months July, August, and September does air of oceanic origin penetrate to this state and causes increased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation. The year can broadly be divided into four seasons. The cold season starts in late November and extends up to the beginning of March. This is followed by the hot season, which lasts till about the end of June when the monsoon arrives over the state. The monsoon continues to the last week of September. The two post monsoon months October and November constitute a transition period from the monsoon to winter condition.

3.9 RAINFALL OF DELHI The monthly Rainfall variations of 5years is shown below in the Figure no. 3.6 (a).

5 YEARS OF RAINFALL FLUCTUATION 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

RAINFALL IN MM IN RAINFALL 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

MONTHS

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Figure No. 3.6 (a):- Rainfall variation 5 years (Source-IMD)

The average rainfall of five year of Delhi is shown in Fig. no. 3.6 (b).

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AVERAGE RAINFALL OF DELHI

300

250

200

150

100

0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Series2

Figure No. 3.6 (b):- Average Rainfall of Delhi (Source: IMD)

3.10 METEOROLOGY OF THE SITE A weather station was installed near the site for hourly monitoring of temperature, wind velocity, wind direction etc to check the data for the month of December 2017 to Feb 2018. Table no. 3.3 gives summarized meteorological data for the monitoring period (Dec, 2017- Feb 2018). Figure no. 3.7 gives the wind-rose diagram for the monitoring period.

Table no. 3.3: Summarized Meteorological Data for the Monitoring Period (Dec, 2017-Feb, 2018)

Temperature, K Wind Speed, m/sec

Month Min Max Min Max average Average Monthly

December 280 303 289 0 6.2 1.44 2017 January 278 299 287 0 23.33 2.30 2018 February 285 301 292 0 7.2 1.36 2018

YES Enviro Solutions 99 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure no. 3.7: Wind-Rose Diagram for Three Months (December17 to Feb 2018)

3.11 METHODOLOGY The guideline factors for the present baseline study are the requirements laid down by the MoEF &CC guidelines as per the Environmental Impact Assessment notification. The study area has been classified into a core-zone and buffer zone (also referred to as impact zone). The core zone is plant site whereas the buffer zone is an area approximately with a radius of 10 km with the project site as the center and the environmental quality of this area has been assessed through intensive baseline studies. Only one season data was collected. The studies were conducted by considering the following:  The various environmental attributes were divided into primary and secondary studies. Primary environmental attributes such micro-meteorology, air, water, soil, noise, flora and fauna were assessed by conducting field studies and on-site monitoring and review of the past studies conducted, for the purpose of comparison.

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 Secondary attributes such as land use studies, geology, physiology characteristics, and socio-economic environment have been assessed by literature review of studies conducted in the past and by various government publications.

Site visits and reconnaissance survey of the study area were carried out for fixing the monitoring locations for the primary data. Various Government, Semi-Government departments were approached for getting information for the secondary data generation. Baseline environmental data generation for air, water, noise and soil quality monitoring around the project site was conducted from December, 2017 to Feb, 2018. Sampling location were decided based on the prominent wind direction along with considering the sensitive areas around the site. The brief description of methodology adopted are as follows:

* An automated meteorological station was setup at project site. Wind speed, wind direction, dry and wet bulb temperature and general weather conditions were recorded throughout the study period. * In order to assess the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ), samples of ambient air were collected by installation of Respirable Dust Sampler and Fine Particulate Sampler with gas samplers at different locations from the study area during study period and analyzed for primary air pollutants to monitor the ambient air quality as per CPCB norms. * Samples for groundwater were collected during the study period from the existing hand- pumps, while surface water was collected from nalla, Yamuna River. Analysis was done for parameters necessary to determine water quality as per standard methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. * Samples for soil were collected and analyzed for relevant physical and chemical characteristics in order to assess the impact of the proposed plant on soil. * The noise level measurements were made at 12 locations in different intervals of time with the help of sound level meter to establish the baseline noise levels of study area.

Ecological data was procured from both primary and secondary sources. Socio-economic data was collected from field studies and secondary sources like Census of India 2011 etc.

3.12 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise levels were recorded during the day and night time to compute the equivalent noise levels. The noise level was recorded continuous for 24 hours at an interval of 1 hour. The noise level was monitored once during the study period at each monitoring location. The noise level is recorded in dB(A). Noise monitoring was carried out at 12 locations. Noise monitoring was carried out at the 12 locations. The noise monitoring locations are given at Figno.3.7.

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Figure no. 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Station

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3.13 INSTRUMENT USED FOR SAMPLING Automated sound level meter (SLM 100) was used for measuring the noise level.

3.14 AMBIENT NOISE STANDARD Ministry of Environment & Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has notified the noise standards vide. Gazette notification dated February 14, 2000 for different zones under the Environment Protection Act (1986). These standards are given in Table no. 3.3.

Table 3.4: Ambient Noise Quality Standards Noise dB(A) L Area Code Category of Area eq Day time* Night time* A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40 *Note: Daytime is from 6.00am to 10.00 pm and Nighttime is from 10.00 pm to 6.00 am Table no. 3.5: Noise Quality Data

Locations Noise Level in dB(A) Category Dec 2017 to Feb 2018 L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Project Site Industrial 59.1 55.85 48.9 57.8 57.11 50.40 Okhla Phase-1 Industrial 68.17 62.75 53.85 66.16 61.93 55.27 Dayal Bagh Residential 65.4 57.8 48.7 62.44 60.29 51.31 TCuologlanykabad Residential 60.59 56.45 47.01 59.52 57.26 51.52 BVailldagrpeur Village Residential 63.96 59.05 50.45 62.09 60.96 52.40 Badarpur Industrial 64.08 59.7 52.22 62.04 60.96 54.16 OExkthlenaspiohnase-2 Industrial 70.67 64.3 52.83 69.6 65.8 53.91 Asola Wildlife Silence 59.29 53.1 45.38 57.37 55.43 46.41 Sanctuary Jasola Vihar Residential 62.38 56.35 50.95 58.66 59.14 51.90 SukhdevVihar Residential 64.08 60.6 50.29 63.7 61.52 53.18 Tilpat Village Residential 63.64 57.4 49.78 60.6 59.28 52.73 Shahpur Residential 57.98 54.3 50.14 55.32 55.49 51.62 Govardhanpur Bangar

Noise levels were measured at 12 locations near residential areas, high way, commercial areas and other settlements located within 10 km radius in and around the proposed plant

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area. The measured L10 values ranged from 57.98 dB(A) to 70.67 dB(A), L50 values ranged from 53.1 dB(A) to 64.3 dB(A), L90 values ranged from 45.38 dB(A) to 53.85 dB(A), LLeq values ranged from 55.32 dB(A) to 69.6 dB(A), Lday values ranged from 55.43 dB(A) to 65.8 dB(A) and Lnight values ranged from 46.41 dB(A) to 55.27 dB(A). Noise levels at Dayalbagh colony, Tughaqabad village, Badarpur village, Sukhdev vihar and Tilpat village etc are exceeding the limits for residential areas. Noise levels at silence Zone i.e Asola Wildlife Sanctuary are also exceeding the limits.

3.15 WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.15.1 Frequency and Parameters Water samples were collected once during the study period and analyzed for selected physio- chemical and biological parameters.

3.15.2 Sampling and Analysis Technique The parameters like pH, temperature and DO were analyzed at the site, whereas other parameters were analyzed in the lab after preserving the samples. All the parameters were analyzed as per Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

3.15.3 Sampling Locations Water sampling was carried at 12 location, six each for Ground water and Surface water, respectively. Though monitoring of nallahs were not required but due to the presence of industrial areas in the vicinity. It was decided to check the concentration of heavy metals in them. Details of monitoring locations are given in Table no. 3.6 and exhibited in Fig no. 3.8 and Fig no. 3.9.

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Table no. 3.6:- Water sampling locations S. No. Location Dist. From center of Direction site (km) GW1 Near Project Site 0 - GW2 Existing landfill site 300 m N GW3 Okhla Phase-1 1 km N GW4 Tughlaqabad Village 1.2 km WN GW5 Badarpur Village 2km WN GW6 Shahpur Govardhanpur Bangar 8.25 km E SW1 Nallah up stream 70 m S SW2 Nallah down stream 120m E SW3 Nallah center 140 m S SW4 Canal(Near Molarband) 3km E SW5 Bhuriya Nallah (Near 5.5 km S DLF E SW6 YInadmuustnarialRivareaer) 6.19 E

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Figure no. 3.9: Ground Water Monitoring Station

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Figure no. 3.10. Surface Water Monitoring Station

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3.15.4 Result and Discussion

3.15.4.1 Ground water The ground water quality data of six monitored locations are given at Table no. 3.7. The pH range from 6.74 to 7.45. Turbidity of all ground water meets the permissible limits of 5 NTU. TDS value was found ranged between 536 mg/l (Tughlaqabad) to 1044 mg/l (Existing landfill). The chloride value of all the samples were recorded between 98 mg/l (Okhla phase- I) and 240 mg/l (Badarpur Village). Sulphate content in the ground water sample ranged from 42.2 mg/l (Okhla Phase) to 74.8 mg/l (Sahpur Govardhanpur Bangar) all were well within the desirable permissible limit. Fluoride content was found to be within desirable limit (from 0.74 mg/l to 0.98 mg/l) in all the water samples. Zinc content in the ground water samples were found within the desirable limit (i.e. 5 mg/l). Iron content in all the sampling locations was found from 0.14 mg/l (Shahpur Govardhanpur Bangar) to 0.28 mg/l (near project site) is well within the desired limit. Other parameters like heavy metals were found are given below:- Hg at all location founds to be <0.001mg/l, Cd at all location <0.002mg/l, Se at all locations <0.01mg/l, As <0.01mg/l at all location, Cr6+ varies from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/l, Pb at all locations found to be <0.01mg/l &CN at all locations <0.05mg/l.

3.15.4.2 Surface Water The surface water quality of six monitoring locations are given in Table 3.8. Monitored data of surface water pertaining to all the locations reveal that pH values ranged from 7.29 to 7.89, DO values were observed to be varying from <0.1 to 3.6 mg/l, COD values were observed from 212.5 to 475 mg/l, BOD values were observed from 92.4 to 288 mg/l. TDS values ranged was observed in the range of 70,000 to 5, 42,000 MPN/100ml. Bacteriological examination of surface water indicates the presence of high total coliform, which may be due to human activities observed the study period. The results of the parameters have been compared with the water quality criteria of CPCB. It is evident from the data that the water of Yamuna falls location are falling under below E:

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Table no. 3.7 Ground Water Quality Data Limit (as S. per No. Parameter Unit IS:10500) GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Near Project Existing Sahpur Desirable Permissible Site- Landfill Okhla Tughlaqabad Badarpur Govardhanpur Limit Limit Tehkhand Site-Asola Phase-1 Vill Vill Bangar 1 Temperature oC 27 28 26 28 27 28 2 Colour 5 25 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 3 Odour Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 Taste Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 5 Turbidity NTU 1 10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 No 6 pH 6.5-8.5 Relaxation 6.99 7.45 6.87 6.74 7.12 7.4 Total Hardness 7 (as CaCO3) mg/l 200 600 540 680 412 324 560 460 8 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 1 0.28 0.27 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 9 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l 250 1000 180 160 98 124 240 174 10 Fluoride (as F ) mg/l 1 1.5 0.89 0.74 0.84 0.95 0.98 0.91 11 TDS mg/l 500 2000 746 1044 600 536 842 702 12 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/l 75 200 140 150 80 80 160 80 Magnesium (as 13 Mg2+) mg/l 30 100 46.17 74.115 51.516 30.132 38.88 63.18 14 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 0.05 1.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

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15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 200 400 70.1 56.2 42.2 48.1 56.5 74.8 No 16 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 45 Relaxation 1.6 2.8 3.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 Phenolic Compounds (as 17 C6H5OH) mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 No 18 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.001 Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 No 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 0.003 Relaxation <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 No 20 Selenium (as Se) mg/l 0.01 Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 No 21 Arsenic (as As) mg/l 0.01 Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 No 22 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l 0.05 Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.01 Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 0.36 0.62 0.49 0.58 0.74 0.25 Chromium (as No 25 Cr6+) mg/l 0.05 Relaxation 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 Alkalinity (as 26 CaCO3) mg/l 200 600 280 600 320 190 280 240 27 Sodium mg/l 25.4 84.2 35.2 32.1 45.11 36.2 28 Potassium mg/l 10.2 24.5 12.2 14.6 13.2 14.2

29 Conductivity umho/cm 1212 1692 970 825 1345 1132 30 TSS mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

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Total Phosphorus 31 (as PO4) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 32 Oil & Grease mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 33 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9

34 Silica (as SiO2) mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 35 COD mg/l <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 36 BOD mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 37 Total Cr mg/l 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 38 Nickil mg/l 0.13 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.14 Microbiological Parameter

MPN/100 39 Total Coliform ml Absent - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

MPN/100 40 E.coli ml Absent - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

YES Enviro Solutions 111 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table no. 3.8 Surface Water Quality Data Limit (as per IS:2296 S.NO Parameter Unit /Class-C) Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 Bhuriya Nallah Nallah Nallah Canal (Near DLF (UP (Down Nallah (Near Industrial Yamuna Stream) Stream) (Centre) Molarband) Area) River 1 Turbidity NTU 5 NTU 8 12 14 12 10 9 2 pH 6.9-9.0 - 7.89 7.56 7.29 7.57 7.47 7.5 Total Hardness 3 (as CaCO3) mg/l 300 mg/l 252 244 256 248 278 252 4 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 1 mg/l 0.89 0.59 0.85 0.64 0.57 0.47 Chlorides (as 5 Cl) mg/l 600 mg/l 196 202 185 136.6 142.2 160.3 6 Fluoride (as F ) mg/l 1.5 mg/l 0.86 0.95 0.79 0.87 0.59 0.64 7 TDS mg/l 1500 mg/l 1004 1087 1147 843 755 704 Calcium 8 (as Ca2+) mg/l 75 mg/l 56 49.6 64 45.4 41.2 52.8 Magnesium (as 9 Mg2+) mg/l 30 mg/l 27.216 29.16 23.328 5.6133 9.5256 6.8769 10 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 1.5 mg/l 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Sulphate (as 11 SO4) mg/l 400 mg/l 124 172 175 54.4 47.5 60.1

12 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 50 mg/l 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 2.1 Phenolic 13 Compounds (as mg/l 0.005 mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

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C6H5OH) NO 14 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l Relaxation mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Cadmium (as 15 Cd) mg/l 0.01 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Selenium (as 16 Se) mg/l 0.05 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 17 Arsenic (as As) mg/l mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 18 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 19 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.1 mg/l 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.08 20 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 1.5 mg/l 0.45 0.52 0.62 0.52 0.47 0.49 Chromium (as 21 Cr6+) mg/l mg/l 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 Alkalinity (as 22 CaCO3) mg/l 200 mg/l 436 420 480 396 342 256 23 Sodium mg/l 245 256 286 188 190 156 24 Potassium mg/l 39 46 34 45 32 28.5 25 Conductivity 1625 1824 1789 1345 1284 1201 umho/cm 26 TSS mg/l 32.2 44.6 78.2 45.5 41.2 27.5 Total Phosphorus 27 (as PO4) mg/l 13.85 15.4 14.2 3.9 7.12 4.72 28 Oil & Grease mg/l 0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Dissolved 29 Oxygen mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 3.6 30 Silica (as Si) mg/l 12.66 15.42 14.2 7.6 11.04 3.9 31 COD mg/l 348 372 475 342 240.5 212.5

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32 BOD mg/l 30 224 242 288 120 102 92.4 33 Total Cr mg/l 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.11 34 Nickel mg/l 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.13 Microbiological Parameter

MPN/100 35 Total Coliform ml 4500 MPN/100ml 348000 70000 221000 542000 94000 84000

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Table 3.9: Water Quality Criteria as per Central Pollution Control Board Designated-best-use Class Criteria Drinking water source A Total Coliform Organism MPN/100ml shall without conventional be 50 or less treatment pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen but after disinfection 6mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/l or less Outdoor bathing B Total Coliform Organism MPN/100ml shall (Organized) be 500 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5; Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Drinking water source C Total Coliform Organism MPN/100ml shall after conventional be 5000 or less treatment and disinfection pH between 6 to 9; Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild life D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 and Fisheries Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Cooling, Controlled Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro Waste disposal mhos/cm Max.2250 Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

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3.16 Ambient air Quality The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 12 stations. As per guidelines for selection of ambient air monitoring stations one location in upwind direction and another location in downwind direction of predominant wind direction were considered. The location of air quality monitoring stations are chosen, so as to satisfy the following conditions:

 The site should be representative of the area selected.  The station should be set up and operated so as to yield data that can be compared with those from stations within the network; Sampling Stations Location of Air sampling stations is shown in Table no. 3.10, Fig no. 3.10 and Fig no. 3.11.

Table no. 3.10: Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Monitor Location Dist. From Direction Criteria for center of site Selection AAQMS1 Project Site (km) 0 - - AAQMS2 Okhla Phase-1 1 km NW Critically Polluted Area/Industrial Zone, Upwind AAQMS3 DayalBagh Colony 1.80 km SE Downwind AAQMS4 Tuglakabad Village 1.87 km NW Archeological Site, Upwind AAQMS5 Badarpur Village Approx. E Residential Zone, 2km Downwind AAQMS6 Badarpur Extension 2.40 km SE Downwind AAQMS7 Okhla phase-2 2.79 NW Critically Polluted Area/Industrial Zone, Upwind AAQMS8 Asola Wildlife 3.45 km SW Wildlife Sanctuary AAQMS9 JasSanctolauVariyhar 4.5km NE Eco Sensitive Zone AAQMS10 Sukhdev Vihar 5.5 Km N Ref. NGT Order AAQMS11 Tilpat Village Approx. 7km SE Downwind AAQMS12 Shahpur 8.25 km E Downwind Govardhanpur 3.16.1 SamplingBa nandgar Analytical Technique

In order to assess the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ), Time averaged in – situ sampling was adopted by passing a known volume of air through a trap, and a collecting medium (filter

YES Enviro Solutions 116 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT paper and bubbler). Respirable Dust Sampler and Ambient Fine Dust Sampler were used for the purpose. The samples for CO were collected in bladder.

3.16.1.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Method used was Gravimetric Method. Particulate matter was collected on the 37 mm dia glass micro fiber Filter Paper.

Particulate Matter (PM10) Ambient Fine sampler - IS: 5182 (Part 23):2006. Particulate matter was collected on the GF/A Filter Paper. The mass of these particles is determined by the difference in filter weight prior to and after sampling.

3.16.1.2 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

(IS: 5182; Part – II – 2001 and reaffirmed 2006): SO2 is absorbed by through a solution of Potassium or sodium tetra chloro mercurate, TCM. This procedure results in the formation of a dichloro sulphite mercurate complex. The Sulphite ion produced during sampling is reacted with sulphamic acid, formaldehyde and para rosaniline to form an azo dye and then determined by calorimetrically.

3.16.1.3 Nitrogen Oxides

(IS: 5182; Part – VI – 2006): NO2 collected by bubbling air through a sodium hydroxide- sodium arsenite solution to form a stable solution of NaNO2. Nitrite Ion so produced during sampling is reacted with hydrogen peroxide, Sulphur anilamide and NEDA to form an azodye and then determined calorimetrically.

3.16.1.4 Carbon Monoxide (IS: 5182 Part –X-1999 Reaffirmed 2003): CO was monitored an hourly basis whereas other parameters were monitored on 24 hourly basis. CO was analysed by Non-Dispersive Infra- Red Spectroscopy (NDIR).

3.16.2. Results and Discussion The AAQ data of monitoring location are given in Tables 3.12 (a to l). The monitoring of air quality has been carried out in the winter season when dispersion of pollution is poor. It is well documented that air quality of Delhi become worst during winter due to emission from high traffic, fugitive emission from civil construction works, industrial activities, burning of organic agricultural and horticultural waste.

YES Enviro Solutions 117 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

The study area falls under Okhla industrial area. Further, the Tehkhand landfill site, Tehkhand Bus Depot, CCI building and CONCOR are existing close to the site.

Table No.3.11 Comparison of MoEF&CC norms and European norms Parameters Unit MoEF&cc Emission standard Emission limit norms in EU (daily average value) Particulates mg/Nm3 30 Standard refers to half 10 matter hourly average value HCL mg/Nm3 50 Standard refers to half 10 hourly average value 3 SO2 mg/Nm 200 Standard refers to half 50 hourly average value CO mg/Nm3 100 Standard refers to half n/a hourly average value 50 Standard refers to daily n/a average value Total organic mg/Nm3 20 Standard refers to half n/a carbon hourly average value HF mg/Nm3 4 Standard refers to half 2 hourly average value 3 NOx mg/Nm 400 Standard refers to half 200 hourly average value Total dioxins & ng-TEQ/Nm3 0.1* Standard refers to 6-8 0.1 (Half furans hours sampling. hourly average) Cd + Th + their mg/Nm3 0.05 Standard refers to 0.05 (Half compounds sampling time hourly average) anywhere between 30 minutes and 8 hours Hg and its mg/Nm3 0.05 Standard refers to 0.05 (Half compounds sampling time hourly average) anywhere between 30 minutes and 8 hours Sb + As + Pb + mg/Nm3 0.05 Standard refers to 0.05 (Half Cr + Co + Cu + sampling time hourly average) Mn + Ni + V + anywhere between 30 their compounds minutes and 8 hours

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Figure no. 3.11 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

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Fig no. 3.12 Air Monitoring Location on Google Image with Wind Rose

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Table No. : 3.12 Ambient Air Quality in study area during Dec 17- March 2018)

Table 3.12(a) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Project Site (AAQSM1)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date 03.12.2017 208.7 354.2 14.4 65.6 2546 ND 07.12.2017 164.5 403.4 16.2 55.8 2425 ND 11.12.2017 250.6 412.4 18.2 60.7 2114 ND 15.12.2017 162.4 401.1 23.4 70.6 2004 ND 19.12.2017 156.8 398.7 18.4 49.7 1978 ND 23.12.2017 184.7 334.5 16.7 45.8 1854 ND 28.12.2017 253.3 397.4 16.9 65.8 1904 ND 01.01.2018 169.5 435.3 14.5 75.8 2325 ND 05.01.2018 146.7 394.1 17.7 68.8 1967 ND 09.01.2018 184.5 452.4 19.5 50.9 2419 ND 13.01.2018 205.5 437.2 22.4 43.7 2165 ND 16.01.2018 168.5 421.6 15.6 54.7 2100 ND 20.01.2018 153.4 397.4 18.5 85.7 2398 ND 24.01.2018 198.6 387.5 13.6 68.9 2107 ND 28.01.2018 137.5 357.5 19.6 80.7 2054 ND 01.02.2018 147.5 378.8 20.6 87.7 2145 ND 05.02.2018 224.8 342.9 18.5 76.8 1896 ND 08.02.2018 124.4 335.4 16.8 70.8 1675 ND 12.02.2018 154.5 378.1 19.7 89.1 1745 ND 16.02.2018 162.2 395.4 14.8 67.9 1348 ND 19.02.2018 142.5 374.1 15.9 72.4 1325 ND 22.02.2018 226.3 348.5 14.6 67.7 1604 ND 26.02.2018 141.2 356.5 19.5 57.9 1647 ND Average 176.9 386.7 17.7 66.7 1988.9 Max 253.3 452.4 23.4 89.1 2546 Min 124.4 334.5 13.6 43.7 1325 98 Percentile 252.1 445.7 23.0 88.5 2492.8

Table 3.12(b) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Okhla Phase-1 (AAQSM2)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

YES Enviro Solutions 121 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 02.12.2017 128.6 347.7 13.7 58.9 2648 ND 06.12.2017 145.6 388.4 12.8 40.6 2546 ND 10.12.2017 154.4 428.7 13.7 45.7 2341 ND 14.12.2017 158.7 409.4 14.9 55.4 2114 ND 18.12.2017 128.6 415.5 14.5 53.7 1985 ND 23.12.2017 142.7 364.7 17.9 67.8 1942 ND 27.12.2017 142.6 415.4 21.5 78.8 1865 ND 31.12.2017 158.7 422.4 17.1 72.5 2242 ND 04.01.2018 139.4 388.8 22.5 84.6 1954 ND 08.01.2018 169.8 424.4 18.1 75.8 2342 ND 12.01.2018 167.4 412.7 18.5 67.9 2247 ND 16.01.2018 165.4 428.4 13.6 73.6 2277 ND 20.01.2018 164.2 411.7 19.6 89.6 2442 ND 24.01.2018 147.8 398.8 20.6 63.6 2214 ND 28.01.2018 139.8 378.9 18.5 75.6 2174 ND 01.02.2018 164.5 394.5 16.8 55.8 2325 ND 05.02.2018 148.8 356.8 19.7 65.1 1945 ND 08.02.2018 142.9 358.2 14.8 69.5 1745 ND 12.02.2018 168.9 344.7 15.9 48.9 1658 ND 16.02.2018 158.9 368.8 14.9 55.8 1562 ND 19.02.2018 165.7 395.5 17.5 68.8 1504 ND 22.02.2018 148.5 377.8 15.3 53.9 1627 Average 152.2 391.4 16.9 64.7 2060.2 26.02.2018 148.8 369.2 16.8 65.7 1685 Max 169.8 428.7 22.5 89.6 2648 Min 128.6 344.7 12.8 40.6 1504 98 Percentile 169.4 428.6 22.1 87.4 2603.1

Table 3.12 (c) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Dayal Bagh Colony (AAQSM3)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx (µg/m3) CO Hg (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 95 189 9.2 29.5 1248 ND 07.12.2017 112 221 8.4 33.7 1346 11.12.2017 114 234 10.2 37.2 1356

YES Enviro Solutions 122 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

ND ND 15.12.2017 125 256 11.4 27.6 998 ND 19.12.2017 132 269 12.3 23.2 897 ND 23.12.2017 135 374 10.4 36.7 878 ND 28.12.2017 144 299 9.1 32.9 944 ND 01.01.2018 169 328 9.7 29.1 1154 ND 05.01.2018 157 362 10.3 35.8 944 ND 09.01.2018 142 301 10.6 41.1 977 ND 13.01.2018 168 342 9.7 28.8 1045 ND 16.01.2018 159 301 11.7 29.4 1177 ND 20.01.2018 118 245 8.3 26.6 1005 ND 24.01.2018 132 274 13.4 27.7 1047 ND 28.01.2018 142 298 8.7 27.2 997 ND 01.02.2018 154 328 14.5 37.8 1042 ND 05.02.2018 122 258 13.2 30.7 874 ND 08.02.2018 132 274 9.9 29.7 978 ND 12.02.2018 124 259 8.9 27.6 998 ND 16.02.2018 154 322 9.6 28.1 1124 ND 19.02.2018 138 224 9.3 27.9 1114 ND 22.02.2018 145 304 10.7 26.6 1242 Average 135.7 282.2 10.5 30.8 1054.4 26.02.2018 109 229 12.5 32.6 867 Max 169 374 14.5 41.1 1356 Min 95 189 8.3 23.2 867 98 Percentile 168.6 368.7 14.0 39.6 1351.6

Table 3.12 (d) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Tughlaqabad Village (AAQSM4)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 154.5 340.5 11.9 28.5 1120 ND 07.12.2017 135.2 328.2 10.5 35.8 885 ND 11.12.2017 125.4 325.4 14.1 30.4 975 ND 15.12.2017 142.5 340.2 9.5 30.4 849 ND 19.12.2017 162.4 322.2 8.4 27.9 872 ND 23.12.2017 165.2 321.4 8.5 31.5 998 ND 28.12.2017 132.5 345.5 10.4 28.5 870 ND 01.01.2018 128.2 294.5 9.4 34.6 945 ND 05.01.2018 145.2 298.4 13.8 30.5 875 09.01.2018 160.2 318.2 15.4 28.2 904 YES Enviro Solutions 123 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

ND ND 13.01.2018 138.4 332.5 8.6 26.4 1205 ND 16.01.2018 146.5 324.5 11.4 23.5 1104 ND 20.01.2018 154.2 328.5 12.4 38.9 996 ND 24.01.2018 128.5 342.2 9.1 43.5 872 ND 28.01.2018 128.5 325.4 9.4 28.3 864 ND 01.02.2018 132.2 332.4 12.7 31 824 ND 05.02.2018 135.5 304.5 17.4 38.6 980 ND 08.02.2018 158.2 286..4 14.7 28.5 864 ND 12.02.2018 128.4 298.5 10.4 27.6 924 ND 16.02.2018 156.4 320.5 11.2 32.5 833 ND 19.02.2018 145.2 332.5 10.4 29.5 1025 ND 22.02.2018 165.2 321.4 8.5 31.5 998 Average 144.5 323.4 11.1 31.2 940.7 26.02.2018 154.2 318.2 8.2 31.8. 854 Max 165.2 345.5 17.4 43.5 1205 Min 125.4 294.5 8.2 23.5 824 98 Percentile 165.2 344.1 16.5 41.6 1167.6

Table 3.12 (e) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Badarpur Village (AAQSM5)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 142.1 234.6 10.9 23.7 2474 ND 07.12.2017 124.3 245.4 9.8 18.5 2546 ND 11.12.2017 104 243.5 11.2 26.8 2414 ND 15.12.2017 165.2 265.4 11.2 18.7 2114 ND 19.12.2017 142.5 244.5 9.8 19.8 2243 ND 23.12.2017 146.5 286.4 9.8 19.8 1756 ND 28.12.2017 124.2 241.3 8.3 25.4 1689 ND 01.01.2018 132.4 248.2 8.5 21.4 2286 ND 05.01.2018 135.2 256.8 11.2 23.4 1684 ND 09.01.2018 125.3 254.2 9.9 25.4 2341 ND 13.01.2018 136.5 248.3 12.3 24.5 1896 ND 16.01.2018 124.4 245.8 8.9 31.4 2243 ND 20.01.2018 125.5 235.7 10.5 25.7 1987 ND 24.01.2018 112.3 245.2 9.4 19.6 1678 ND 28.01.2018 123.5 245.4 10.6 18.6 1854 01.02.2018 121.4 245.7 7.1 23.5 2314 YES Enviro Solutions 124 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

ND ND 05.02.2018 158.4 284.1 7.5 15.8 1864 ND 08.02.2018 134.7 265.4 8.7 21.5 1758 ND 12.02.2018 144.2 255.4 10.5 16.9 1987 ND 16.02.2018 152.1 234.4 7.8 25.4 2315 ND 19.02.2018 132.4 245.7 9.5 31.2 2657 ND 22.02.2018 124.6 257.6 12.2 27.9 2546 Average 133.4 251.1 9.8 23.1 2114.1 26.02.2018 135.4 245.5 9.9 25.3 1978 Max 165.2 286.4 12.3 31.4 2657 Min 104 234.4 7.1 15.8 1678 98 Percentile 162.2 285.4 12.3 31.3 2608.2

Table 3.12 (f) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Badarpur Extension (AAQSM6)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 220.4 230.4 7.4 34.5 2648 ND 07.12.2017 196.5 245.5 11.4 30.4 2546 ND 11.12.2017 179.4 260.4 7.4 26.4 2341 ND 15.12.2017 184.3 248.2 7.9 28.8 2875 ND 19.12.2017 205.4 284.5 9.4 36.4 2967 ND 23.12.2017 145.2 242.4 7.4 34.6 2200 ND 28.12.2017 165.3 246.8 8.4 32.5 2969 ND 01.01.2018 185.4 252.2 9.8 31.4 3200 ND 05.01.2018 176.2 246.2 10.3 26.8 2400 ND 09.01.2018 167.5 212.4 8.6 36.4 2578 ND 13.01.2018 172.4 238.6 8.6 26.5 2176 ND 16.01.2018 156.8 248.2 7.4 28.4 1865 ND 20.01.2018 197.4 248.8 12.3 26.4 2000 ND 24.01.2018 178.2 248.8 10.2 38.6 1986 ND 28.01.2018 196.5 264.5 9.4 34.5 2100 ND 01.02.2018 178.4 236.2 8.5 32.4 2265 ND 05.02.2018 168.4 244.8 8.2 36.3 2385 ND 08.02.2018 184.7 258.6 9.6 34.8 2296 ND 12.02.2018 148.5 255.4 7.4 30.2 2485 ND 16.02.2018 165.5 230.4 7.6 28.6 2574 ND 19.02.2018 176.5 245.6 12 26.4 2645 22.02.2018 195.5 242.5 8.4 32.4 2365

YES Enviro Solutions 125 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

ND Average 179.4 246.2 9.1 31.4 2439.6 26.02.2018 181.2 232.2 10.8 28.5 2245 Max 220.4 284.5 12.3 38.6 3200 Min 145.2 212.4 7.4 26.4 1865 98 Percentile 213.8 275.7 12.2 37.6 3098.4

Table 3.12 (g) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Okhla Phase-2 (AAQSM7)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 132.6 326.2 12.4 34.2 2248 ND 07.12.2017 138.4 364.2 14.8 28.4 2546 ND 11.12.2017 145.5 412.3 8.6 31.6 2341 ND 15.12.2017 164.2 370.4 9.4 34.8 2675 ND 19.12.2017 134.6 398.8 7.5 28.4 2967 ND 23.12.2017 142.8 368.4 6.8 32.9 2800 ND 28.12.2017 157.2 386.6 9.2 28.2 2969 ND 01.01.2018 128.3 410.5 11.4 32.4 3080 ND 05.01.2018 150.8 375.4 7.2 38.4 2400 ND 09.01.2018 164.2 402.5 8.6 24.5 3578 ND 13.01.2018 140.8 386.4 9.4 25.6 1876 ND 16.01.2018 162.3 436.4 8.7 40.2 800 ND 20.01.2018 112.8 425.5 7.6 33.8 2000 ND 24.01.2018 164.2 368.8 8.2 29.7 1986 ND 28.01.2018 126.4 365.2 8.8 32.5 3135 ND 01.02.2018 148.6 384.2 10.2 34.6 2265 ND 05.02.2018 163.4 356.4 9.5 28.4 2385 ND 08.02.2018 138.2 342.8 8.6 19.6 1896 ND 12.02.2018 145.8 348.6 6.5 26.8 2485 ND 16.02.2018 162.3 395.4 7.8 35.6 2074 ND 19.02.2018 164.8 412.3 6.5 24.7 1895 ND 22.02.2018 136.2 374.4 6.9 26.4 1965 Average 145.6 380.8 8.9 30.4 2309.8 26.02.2018 125.4 345.8 9.4 28.2 760 Max 164.8 436.4 14.8 40.2 3578 Min 112.8 326.2 6.5 19.6 760 98 Percentile 164.5 431.6 13.7 39.4 3383.1

YES Enviro Solutions 126 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table 3.12 (h) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Asola Wildlife Sanctuary (AAQSM8)

Date PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 02.12.2017 135.8 295.8 10.2 29.5 1276 ND 06.12.2017 161.4 345.5 7.8 32.5 1100 ND 10.12.2017 148.9 302.4 7.2 41.2 990 ND 14.12.2017 155.8 332.6 8.4 45.6 1451 ND 18.12.2017 146.7 345.2 6.4 36.2 1285 ND 23.12.2017 142.8 315.4 6.8 35.8 1348 ND 27.12.2017 162.4 365.8 7.9 34.8 880 ND 31.12.2017 156.2 335.4 9.8 26.4 1474 ND 04.01.2018 154.2 325.6 6.4 34.6 1893 ND 08.01.2018 162.2 365.8 7.4 35.8 1856 ND 12.01.2018 165.4 385.4 6.8 29.7 2050 ND 16.01.2018 148.6 342.7 9.7 34.7 1485 ND 20.01.2018 132.4 298.4 8.4 26.5 1220 ND 24.01.2018 134.7 292.6 8.2 24.8 1350 ND 28.01.2018 145.8 324.5 6.7 45.8 1868 ND 01.02.2018 158.4 378.4 7.6 42.8 2000 ND 05.02.2018 152.6 338.5 7.2 38.6 2350 ND 08.02.2018 145.2 327.8 8.4 33.9 2080 ND 12.02.2018 153.8 385.4 8.9 37.5 870 ND 16.02.2018 162.3 395.4 7.8 35.6 1220 ND 19.02.2018 155.5 365.4 9.8 38.2 1945 ND 22.02.2018 158.6 345.8 9.5 31.4 2470 Average 151.5 339.9 8.1 35.1 1543.5 26.02.2018 145.4 308.5 8.9 34.7 1040 Max 165.4 395.4 10.2 45.8 2470 Min 132.4 292.6 6.4 24.8 870 98 Percentile 164.1 391.0 10.0 45.7 2417.2

Table 3.12 (i) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Jasola Vihar (AAQSM9)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

YES Enviro Solutions 127 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 02.12.2017 120.5 320.5 7.8 28.5 1320 ND 06.12.2017 112.4 315.3 7.5 26.9 1360 ND 10.12.2017 145.2 352.8 8.5 31.4 1365 ND 14.12.2017 101.29 345.6 7.9 29.7 1275 ND 18.12.2017 134.2 328.4 6.5 35.4 1295 ND 23.12.2017 145.2 365.5 7.3 30.2 1298 ND 27.12.2017 125.4 375.6 10.6 26.8 1204 ND 31.12.2017 120.4 370.8 11.8 30.4 1120 ND 04.01.2018 164.3 347.5 9.8 36.8 1054 ND 08.01.2018 134.2 320.4 9.2 32.5 1198 ND 12.01.2018 120.4 286.7 7.6 31.4 1378 ND 16.01.2018 110.6 345.7 8.4 32.6 948 ND 20.01.2018 115.6 355.6 7.9 26.5 1045 ND 24.01.2018 119.5 364.6 8.1 29.7 1167 ND 28.01.2018 125.6 285.7 6.5 24.8 1195 ND 01.02.2018 138.8 297.8 7.3 26.9 1362 ND 05.02.2018 132.4 378.5 9.8 24.5 1275 ND 08.02.2018 145.4 345.8 8.5 36.8 1258 ND 12.02.2018 110.8 368.7 7.4 34.3 1165 ND 16.02.2018 162.3 395.4 7.8 35.6 1368 ND 19.02.2018 126.4 295.6 9.2 29.6 1354 ND 22.02.2018 134.3 369.2 10.5 28.5 1285 Average 128.3 342.4 8.5 30.6 1245.0 26.02.2018 105.4 342.5 8.6 34.2 1347 Max 164.3 395.4 11.8 36.8 1378 Min 101.29 285.7 6.5 24.5 948 98 Percentile 163.4 388.0 11.3 36.8 1373.6

Table 3.12 (j) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Sukhdev Vihar (AAQSM10)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 94.5 285.4 4.8 18.5 1120 ND 07.12.2017 85.2 268.5 6.5 25.4 1230 ND 11.12.2017 86.4 279.5 7.1 24.8 1145 15.12.2017 110.4 305.4 5.4 30.2 1320 YES Enviro Solutions 128 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

ND ND 19.12.2017 124.2 340.6 3.4 34.2 1245 ND 23.12.2017 98.7 312.8 9.8 19.7 958 ND 28.12.2017 97.4 305.5 7.5 32.4 1024 ND 01.01.2018 89.4 314.8 4.6 34.2 964 ND 05.01.2018 96.5 345.8 8.7 34.8 1035 ND 09.01.2018 125.5 324.3 7.8 19.8 875 ND 13.01.2018 124.7 325.3 9.4 32.4 978 ND 16.01.2018 87.4 345.4 7.6 28.4 925 ND 20.01.2018 130.2 308.4 3.8 25.4 1320 ND 24.01.2018 94.5 320.2 5.6 26.4 1208 ND 28.01.2018 97.2 371.5 4.2 27.8 918 ND 01.02.2018 124.7 325.4 3.8 24.6 1208 ND 05.02.2018 121.4 315.7 7.8 28.6 879 ND 08.02.2018 98.7 349.4 4.5 31.7 937 122.2 346.7 7.5 18.5 904 ND 12.02.2018 96.4 378.4 3.8 19.6 1302 ND 16.02.2018 ND 19.02.2018 105.8 385.4 4.7 16.8 948 ND 22.02.2018 97.4 345.1 3.5 24.6 1145 Average 104.5 327.9 6.0 26.3 1075.6 26.02.2018 94.5 342.6 6..4 26.4 1150 Max 130.2 385.4 9.8 34.8 1320 Min 85.2 268.5 3.4 16.8 875 98 Percentile 128.1 382.3 9.6 34.5 1320.0

Table 3.12 (k) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Tilpat Village (AAQSM11)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 145.2 376.8 5.8 24.6 978 ND 07.12.2017 132.7 310.5 9.6 38.6 958 ND 11.12.2017 138.9 345.4 4.5 37.8 855 ND 15.12.2017 145.8 346.7 6.7 25.7 964 ND 19.12.2017 154.6 295.8 6.8 29.4 978 ND 23.12.2017 128.4 315.2 3.9 42.1 865 ND 28.12.2017 130.5 348.5 4.8 36.4 928 ND 01.01.2018 125.4 375.2 5.6 26.7 1025 05.01.2018 162.3 345.8 9.6 28.9 1065

YES Enviro Solutions 129 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

ND ND 09.01.2018 155.8 357.8 10.5 38.2 1230 ND 13.01.2018 168.4 348.5 5.4 24.2 948 ND 16.01.2018 148.5 325.6 4.6 32.4 845 ND 20.01.2018 136.8 320.4 8.7 36.8 985 ND 24.01.2018 134.5 347.5 5.9 35.8 939 ND 28.01.2018 125.8 327.6 9.4 34.6 895 ND 01.02.2018 146.8 315.8 4.5 38.6 964 ND 05.02.2018 153.4 364.4 6.8 29.3 845 ND 08.02.2018 158.5 318.4 7.3 27.6 1148 ND 12.02.2018 164.2 367.4 7.9 31.8 1264 ND 16.02.2018 162.3 395.4 7.8 35.6 985 ND 19.02.2018 145.4 356.8 6.9 32.5 1120 ND 22.02.2018 154.6 375.8 7.8 28.2 975 Average 146.3 344.7 6.8 32.6 988.1 26.02.2018 145.2 347.5 6.5 33.4 968 Max 168.4 395.4 10.5 42.1 1264 Min 125.4 295.8 3.9 24.2 845 98 Percentile 166.6 387.2 10.1 40.6 1249.0

Table 3.12 (l) Ambient Air Monitoring Result at Shahpur Govardhanpur Bangar (AAQSM12)

Parameters PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Hg 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Limit as per 60 100 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB Date ND ND 03.12.2017 142.5 298.5 6.4 17.9 998 ND 07.12.2017 136.4 278.1 5.9 18.5 947 ND 11.12.2017 134 274 6.1 19.9 898 ND 15.12.2017 154.5 289.4 7.4 22.4 1045 ND 19.12.2017 147.7 275.4 6.7 23.1 1144 ND 23.12.2017 136.9 247.7 6.9 24.4 1125 ND 28.12.2017 132.2 241.1 7.31 23.7 1078 ND 01.01.2018 141.1 237.7 6.89 21.42 1042 ND 05.01.2018 125.4 227.1 7.1 23.4 1099 ND 09.01.2018 154.5 247.1 8.4 29.9 1524 ND 13.01.2018 129.4 217.4 7.4 21.1 1124 16.01.2018 134.2 234.4 6.7 23.5 1254

YES Enviro Solutions 130 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

ND ND 20.01.2018 141.7 274.4 9.4 28.9 1348 ND 24.01.2018 128 244 8.4 27.4 1341 ND 28.01.2018 142.4 298.4 7.8 31.4 1472 ND 01.02.2018 165.4 325.4 9.8 32.7 1654 ND 05.02.2018 138.4 289.4 8.7 31.4 1458 ND 08.02.2018 135.2 245.1 7.8 28.4 1421 ND 12.02.2018 175.2 325 9.2 24.5 1342 ND 16.02.2018 162.3 395.4 7.8 35.6 985 ND 19.02.2018 174.4 389.5 6.6 34.4 785.5 ND 22.02.2018 147.7 348.5 7.7 36.5 847.5 Average 144.1 284.6 7.5 26.7 1164.1 26.02.2018 134.2 342.4 6.8 34.7 842.4 Max 175.2 395.4 9.8 36.5 1654 Min 125.4 217.4 5.9 17.9 785.5 98 Percentile 174.8 392.8 9.6 36.1 1596.8

As per the monitoring data this can be concluded that 98 percentile value shows that SO2, NOx and CO of all locations are well within the norms and Hg is not detectable at all locations.

However PM2.5 and PM10 are exceeding the standard values at all the locations.

3.17 SOIL QUALITY

Soil is an important ecological factor supporting biodiversity on the earth for sustainable development the productive status of soil needs to be maintained the characterization of soil quality help in assessing the health of the soil of the study.

Soil sampling was done at ten locations. The name of sampling locations are in Table no. 3.13 and Fig no. 3.11.

Table no-3.13:- Soil sampling locations Monitor Location Dist. from center of Direction site (km) S1 Project Site 0 - S2 Propose landfill Site 200 m S3 Existing landfill site 300 m N S4 Existing mannur Site 4.91 N S5 Badarpur Village Approx. 2 km E S6 Okhla phase-1 2.11 NE S7 Asola Wildlife Sanctuary Approx.4 km SW S8 Jasola Vihar Approx. 5km NE

YES Enviro Solutions 131 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

S9 Near Tilpat Village Approx. 7.5km SE S10 Shahpur Govardhanpur Bangar 8.25 km E

3.17.1 Methodology of Soil Analysis The International Pipette Method (Black, 1964) is adopted for determination of particle size analysis. Physical parameters such as bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity are determined by following KR Box Method (Keen ndRaczkowski, 1921).

The chemical characteristics of soil were determined by preparing soil extract in distilled water in ratio 1:2 (as per Jackson procedure, 1967). Organic matter is determined in terms of organic carbon by Walkley & Black method (1972). Fertility status of soil in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium is determined by Kjeldhal method, Olsen’s method (1954) and Flame photometer (Jackson (1967)), respectively. .

YES Enviro Solutions 132 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table no. 3.14:- Soil Quality

S. No. Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 Physical Properties 1 Light Colour Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown 2 Sandy Sandy Clay Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Textural class Clay Loam Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam 3 Bulk Density 1.41 1.35 1.29 1.34 1.482 1.38 1.32 1.48 1.38 1.34 4 Water Holding Capacity (%) 45 46.7 44.7 49.5 53.2 46.5 51.4 52.2 48.9 51.7 5 Porosity ( %) 42.7 47.5 45.9 51.2 54 41 59 40 47 46 6 Permeability (Time) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Minute Minute Minute Minute Minute Minute 2 Minute Minute Minute 42Sec 34Sec 39Sec 18Sec 24 Sec 19 Sec Minute 30 Sec 54 Sec 28 Sec Particle Size Distribution 25Sec 6 Sand % 51.4 52.4 49.8 56.5 54.2 57.4 49.8 52.5 53.4 53.9 7 Slit % 20.8 21.2 23.1 21 19.4 16.5 22.7 19.1 19.1 17.9 8 Clay % 27.8 26.4 27.1 22.5 26.4 26.1 27.5 28.4 27.5 28.2 Chemical Characteristics 9 pH (1:2 Suspension) 7.47 7.48 7.78 7.42 7.6 7.42 7.65 8.3 7.3 8.09 10 Electrical Conductivity 895 688 425 842 964 847 1386 160 522 1406 11 Organic Carbon (%) 0.021 0.024 0.026 0.027 0.024 0.029 0.067 0.023 0.034 0.031 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.03507 0.040 0.043 0.045 0.040 0.048 0.111 0.038 0.056 0.051

YES Enviro Solutions 133 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

13 Exchangeable 533.06 324.6 288.5 284.5 140.28 435.5 645.28 424.8 136.27 120.24 Calcium (mg/100 gm)

14 Exchangeable 29.16 24.3 26.7 24.2 218.7 204.5 102.06 29.16 31.57 194.4 Magnesium(mg/100 gm) 15 Cation Exchange 9.94 15.62 9.72 9.42 14.95 21.33 12.72 13.65 Capacity (meq/100 gm) 37.42 6.41 16 Iron 746.5 847.5 782.1 654.2 711 1088 1125.6 106412.72 1926.41 47135.6.25 17 Lead 7.2 6.8 6. 8.2 4.05 4.7 2. 4.1 3.5 7.2 18 Moisture Content 3.43 1.68 3.146 7.2 8.6 4.9 7.8 8.4 4.87 4.1 Available Nutrients (Kg/Ha) 5 19 Nitrogen 542.5 574.2 586.2 742.5 425 645.2 652.5 356 485.2 742.5 20 Phosphorus 37.6 29.8 65.2 38.4 45.25 40.7 41.49 41.2 41.9 38.5 21 Exchangeable 21.01 9.16 7.75 35.2 13.88 41.5 112.8 14.07 21.51 17.57 Potassium 22 SAR 0.16 0.13 0.34 0.36 0.62 0.21 3.50 0.17 0.58 0.70 23 Boron 1. 0.97 0.75 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.81.5 1.2 1.5 1.7 24 Exchangeable Sodium 121.57 8.34 20.72 21.2 45.47 19.8 325.3 12.12 26.14 48.37 25 Zin(mgc/100 gm) 34.5 37.5 45.6 27.5 45.2 34.2 37.2 38.6 39.5 49.4

YES Enviro Solutions 134 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure no. 3.13 Soil Sampling Monitoring Stations

YES Enviro Solutions 135 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

3.17.2 Result

To determine the soil quality of the study area, 10 samples were collected from 10 different locations in the study area to assess the existing soil conditions. Results of analysis show that the texture of soil at all locations is Sandy Clay Loam. The value of pH ranges from 7.42 to 8.3 indicating that few samples are little alkaline. The average concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the soil samples varies from 356 to 742.5 kg/ha, 29.8 to 65.2kg/ha & 9.16 to 112.8 kg/ha. Soil having EC µS/cm from 400 to 800 are considered to have very slight saline nature, Monitoring station no’s. SQ2, SQ3& SQ8 comes under this category. For soil EC (µS/cm) above 1210 to 1600 are considered to be saline soil therefore SQ7, SQ10 comes under such category. For soil having EC (µS/cm) between 810 - 1200 are considered to be moderately saline and these result shows that SQ1, SQ4, SQ5 & SQ6. All monitoring photographs & lab data is enclosed as Annexure-XIV.

3.18 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The natural habitat condition determines the floral, faunal and ecosystem structure of the study area. The project area is located in south east Delhi which is highly urbanized and industrialized. The study of core area (project site) and buffer area (10 km radius) is based upon field survey and information collected from secondary sources.

The study area is characteristically distinct due to presence of following ecologically important features:

a) Morphological Ridge Area b) Okhla Bird Sanctuary c) Asola Bhatti wildlife sanctuary d) Jahanpanah City PF The map showing the study area along with the aerial distance of these ecological features from project site is given in Chapter-2.

The Chief Wildlife Warden, Department of Forest, Govt. of Delhi has been approached for Authentication of the map showing distance and direction of above sanctuary and PF (copy enclosed as Annexure-IV.

YES Enviro Solutions 136 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

3.18.1 Core Zone The project site (core zone) comprises of Morphological Ridge Area (Extended Ridge). The project site has been examined and cleared by Central Empowered Committee (CEC) with the following conditions:

a) Tehkhand, New Delhi shall deposit 5% of project cost with the Ridge Management Board Fund and which under the close supervision of the Ridge Management Board should be used by the Delhi Forest Department for conservation and protection of Delhi Ridge.

b) The SDMC will deposit the cost of undertaking compensatory planting of ten times the number of trees to be cut and its maintenance for a period of five year with the Delhi Forest Department which shall take up planting of indigenous species and its maintenance and will also make available sufficient land for raising compensatory plantation.

c) The user Agency shall maintain a green belt of 30 m all along the periphery of the proposed site.

A joint survey of project site by Forest Dept. of Govt. of Delhi and SDMC has been carried out to enumerate the trees along with their girth diameter (cm). The name of trees and their number are given below:

Table No. 3.15 Name of the trees

S. No. Name of tree Number a) Kikar 2059 b) Kabli Kikar 6 c) Karbala 5 d) Kinar 2 e) Neem 12 f) Papri 4 g) Safeda 1 h) Sheesham 83 i) Siras 2 j) Sopab Babool 4 Total 2178

YES Enviro Solutions 137 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

The enumeration has been carried out irrespective of their girth diameter. The diameter of girth of trees varies from 4.1 cm to 212.9 cm. Most of the trees are kikar of low height with small girth diameter.

3.18.2 Buffer Zone The study area in 10km radius harbours three ecological important features. These are as follows: a) Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS) This is located at a distance of 4.9 km (NE) from project site. This wet land sanctuary has been formed due to creation of Okhla Barrage over river Yamuna. The OBS is spread in an area of 4km more than 320 bird species have been reported in the sanctuary. These birds comprises of common resident water birds and woodland species; and Migratory water birds and woodland bird species.

The aquatic plants such as Eichhornia cracippes, Pistia stratiotes, Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisnaria spiralis, Potamogeton pectinatus, Typa angustata have been observed. Along the banks of the wetlands, tree species like Ficus, Sheesham, Subabool, Keekar and shrubs species are existing which provide excellent hiding and roosting site for bird. The details of flora and fauna of OBS are described in the attached document. Annexure-XIII. b) Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary is a manmade sanctuary which represents flat topped hill of Aravali ridge area in Delhi. In past the area has been extensively exploited due to anthropogenic pressure for extraction of quartzite (Badarpur Bajri), over grazing, dumping of garbage, fuel wood and fodder collection and its encroachment by local population.

The Asola and Bhatti areas were declared by the Govt. of Delhi as wildlife sanctuary in the year 1986 and 1991, respectively under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

The area is rocky and undulating. The soil is thin, dry and sandy with high porosity with low humus content supporting sparse scrubby vegetation.

The abandoned mining pits serve for water accumulation during rainy season. There are no perennial natural water body in the sanctuary.

The floral composition comprise of Prosopis juliflora, Anogeissus pendula, Tephrosia purpurea, Zizyphus spp, Accacia nilotica, Calotropis procera, Saccharum spontaneum etc.

YES Enviro Solutions 138 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

The main faunal species includes nilgai, jungle cat, mongoose, porcupine and a variety of resident and migratory birds. The details of flora and fauna have been described in Zoological Survey of India publication “Asola – Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary – an overview” (copy enclosed as Annexure-XIII).

C) Jahanpanah City PF This forest is located at about 3.30 km (WNW) from the project site. It is surrounded by thickly populated areas and is presently paradise for joggers. Natural trails make up a good part of the forest. The forest is about 7kmm in length and is home for a variety of birds including peacocks.

3.19 GENERAL FLORA

3.19.1 Flora Delhi falls under semi-arid plain. The existing landuse pattern does not support significant vegetation type. The common planted tree species in the study area in parks and along roadside include Azadirchta indica, Ficus religiosa, Qalbegia sissoo, Pongamia pinnata, Cassia fistula, Alistania sp., Nerium sp. etc.

3.19.2 Aquatic Ecology River Yamuna is the major water body which is flowing at a distance of approx. 4.95 km from the project site. River Yamuna in Delhi is are of the most polluted rivers. The river does not harbours flora and fauna of significance.

3.20 SOCIO-ECONOMIC The study area falls in urban area of Delhi where maximum infrastructure amenities are existing and the literacy rate is high. There are a number of educational and training/skill development institutes in and around the study area.

The “W t E” Project is a medium size industry in which approx. 100-125 unskilled, semi-skilled people will be employed during construction & operation. Such manpower is easily available in Delhi. The project will thus provide employment opportunities to local people and improve their economic condition. The land for the project has been given by DDA in which no rehabilitation and resettlement issue is involved. A detailed socio-economic study has not been under taken at this stage because of following reasons:

YES Enviro Solutions 139 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

(a) The land required for this project is government land. (b) The land is free from rehabilitation and resettlement issues. (c) The land required for the project is only 15 acres. (d) The project site is located in an urban area where necessary infrastructure facilities are available.

In view of above a detailed socio-economic study was not carried out through reputed organization/institute. However, if required it will be carried out during construction phase.

YES Enviro Solutions 140 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER-4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses identification and appraisal of various environmental impacts due to Waste to Electricity Project at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. The construction and operational phase of the project comprise various activities, each of which may have some impact on environmental parameter. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environmental parameters have been studied to estimate the impact on environment. The impact identification and prediction process aims to:

 ̇Exceeding of threshold limit: Significance may increase if the threshold is exceeded.For e.g., Emissions of particulate matter gaseous pollutants exceed the permissible threshold.  Effectiveness of mitigation: Significance may increase as the effectiveness of mitigation measures decreases. e.g., control technologies, which may not assure consistent compliance to the requirements.  Relative contribution of effects of other actions: Significance may decrease as the significance of nearby larger actions increase.  ̇ Relative rarity of species: Significance may increase as species becomes increasingly rare or threatened.  ̇Significance of Local Effects: Significance may increase as the significance of local effects is high.  ̇Magnitude of change relative to natural background variability: Significance may decrease if effects are within natural assimilative capacity or variability.  Degree of existing disturbance: Significance may increase if the surrounding environment is pristine.

For determining the significance of impacts, it is important to consider the secondaryand higher order effects which can also cause interaction between primary project activity and local environment.

YES Enviro Solutions141M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

4.2 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

4.2.1 Topography Impact: The topography of the project site is undulating rocky surface. During construction the site will be levelled involving cut and fill. Thus, the topography of the land will get affected. Approx. 10m difference is found in contour level. As per survey plan the contour varies from 181 msl to 191 msl. However levelling will be restricted to main plant and office construction area.

Mitigation Measure: a) During construction only essential required area will be levelled. Efforts will be made to keep balance area intact. b) It is proposed to maintain 30 m wide greenbelt around the project site. c) Compensatory plantation will be done 10 ten times the trees cut and maintenance will be taken care for 5 years by Delhi Forest Department.

4.2.2 Land Use Pattern Impact: The designated land use pattern of the project site is for commercial, residential and recreational. However, it has been changed to utility as per Gazette Notification. However ecologically, the extended morphological Ridge area will be change to industrial land use.

Mitigation Measure Minimum number of trees will be felled during construction. Necessary permission will be obtained for tree felling. The land of the project site will be aesthetically landscaped with extensive plantation and greenery.

4.2.3 Water Environment Impact: The primary construction impact concerns relating to water quality during construction activities are as follows:

 Runoff related to unpaved and excavated areas during the rain shower-Surface water quality may be affected with the discharge of the runoff from the project site.

 Soil erosion -The impact to the surface water bodies could arise from the increased soil erosion from excavated site causing increase in the suspended particles and turbidity of runoff water from the site.  Runoff from area associated with storage areas- of lubricant and this affect the surface as well as ground water, if seeps down the water table.

YES Enviro Solutions142M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Mitigation Measures The impact will be temporary in the nature and would be observed during rain only. Therefore, the surface water quality during rains will be impacted marginally for very short duration and same will be minimized by following measures:

 Excavation during dry season and proper management of excavated soils,  Clearing all debris from site as soon as construction is over.  By providing proper hutment and toilet facilities for construction labor,  Through the proper disposal of wastewater generated at site.  A well planned solid waste management plan will be followed during the construction phase including timely collection, segregation and disposal as per legal requirements. Storage facility of any lubricant etc. will be provided under cover and the runoff from such areas will be collected separately.

 During construction phase, treated sewage water will be used hence no impact the ground water level.

4.2.4 Air Environment Emissions Source:The possible construction activities that contribute to the air environment impact are broadly given below:

 Dust generation from earth work (during site clearance and preparation);  Emissions from power generator at site;  Emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines;  Emissions of pollutant from vehicles exhaust  Emissions during the unloading of material at the site;  Emissions which will takes place during mixing of cement with other building materials during construction activities;

Mitigation Measures Regular water sprinkling will be done to mitigate fugitive emissions. During windy days and peak summer season i.e May & June sprinkling will be increased. It is proposed to provide adequate dust control systems in the form of installation of batch plants, and loose material handling in covered sheds. Plantation of trees around the periphery will be maintained. All the vehicles carrying raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin/plastic sheet and will have PUC certificates.

YES Enviro Solutions143M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

4.2.5 Noise Environment The major activity which are likely to increase ambient noise levels during construction phase are:

 Foundation work  Generation of noise during movement of vehicles carrying materials and loading & unloading activities.

 Generation of noise from excavation machines, concrete mixer and other construction machines.

 Generation of noise during concreting, hammering, etc.

Mitigation Measures:  Noise generating equipment will be used during day time.  Wherever possible the noise generating equipments will be kept away from the human habitations.  All the vehicles entering in the project site will be informed to maintain speed limits and not to blow horns unless it is required.  The workers involved in operating major noise generating equipments will be provided with personal protective equipment like ear plugs/ear muffs etc.

4.2.6 Ecology Impact:Removal of trees from the site will takes place as project geography is similar to ridge. There will be loss of habitat for bird and other natural fauna due to construction activities.

Mitigation Measures To mitigate the impact and improve the habitat following measures are proposed: (a.) To maintain 30 m wide greenbelt around the project site. (b.)Compensatory plantation will be done 10 ten times the trees cut. (c.) Proper landscaping and greenery development of open area.

4.2.7 Economic Impacts Impact: Wasteismaterialthatisbeingrejectedasithasnouseforthepeople.Wasteto Electricity(WtE)projectsare consideredoneofthe mosteconomicalandenvironment

YES Enviro Solutions144M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT friendlysolutions fortacklingtheproblem of Waste.

4.2.8 Socio-Economic Impact:- Employment will be generated during construction phase of the project.Around100-150laborerswill be employedduringtheconstructionphase

4.2.9 Construction Camp Impact: During the construction phase, although most of the laborers will be from local areas, unsanitary condition may prevail if required facilities will not be provided at project site. Risk to the life of workers may exist if safety precautions will not be adopted.

Mitigation Labor camps will be provided for labors with all theprovision of clean drinking water, adequate toilet facilities, water and solid waste disposal system.

Safety precautions will be provided like PPEs, guarding of dangerous machine parts, maintenance of equipments as hoists and lifts etc., and adequate provision of different types of fire extinguishers will be made. All applicable rules and regulations pertaining to workplace health and welfare of workers will be adhered to.

4.2.10 Solid Waste Management Impact: The construction waste includes debris, concrete, bricks (often recycled and reused at the site), steel and other metals, pallets, packaging and paper products, fluorescent tubes, wood beams, railings. All wastes generated during the construction phase will be collected and segregated for disposal as per norms. There will be no contamination due to this waste as it will be collected time to time during construction phase and disposed accordingly.

Mitigation Measures C&D waste will be managed as per C&D waste Management Rule, 2016.After due waste segregation, recyclable wastes will be sold off to scrap dealers and vendors, while inert wastes will be disposed off in landfills. Hazardous wastes will be disposed off as per the provisions of the Hazardous Wastes Management Rules, 2016 Transport Linkage and Traffic Impact: During construction phase, construction labor and construction materials bringing vehicles will approach the project site. During construction phase, some impact is anticipated on the transport linkage of the area.

Mitigation

YES Enviro Solutions145M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Through careful planning, the movement of the heavy vehicles will be scheduled to reduce load on existing traffic such that the peak hours will be avoided. It shall also be ensured that all the vehicles to the site will be provided with Parking space such that there is no waiting time along the access roads.

4.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE

4.3.1 Land Environment Impact: During the operation phase of the project, the soil may get polluted/ contaminated from littering of various kinds of municipal wastes, leakage of leachates and due to flyash or bottom ash.

Mitigation Measures To ensure against any chances of soil pollution, it is imperative to establish a well-planned solid waste collection, storage and segregation system management at site. Only covered trucks will be allowed to enter the site for unloading of municipal solid waste materials, good housing keeping will help to control the contamination of soil. The leachates will be collected through concrete drain and brought to leachate treatment plant through pipeline.

For the utilization of fly ash, an automatic plant of Brick/ interlocking paver will be installed. The capacity of the brick plant will be designed to utilize all the fly ash generated. The quenched bottom ash will be lead to bottom ash processing plant which is similar to C&D plant. The process involves segregation, size reduction and screening for fine recovery. This reduces the amount of inert bottom to landfill and conserving natural resources. After the processing which are not recyclable will be sent to sanitary land fill.

4.3.2 Air Environment Fugitive emissions The potential impacts arising from the background pollutant levels from the existing landfill unit, vehicle emissions from open road networks. The fly ash handling system is the potential source of fugitive emission. However, the fly ash generated will be approx. 25 Ton/day from this project.

Mitigation Measures Ash Handling Unit The ash handling unit will be covered and emission outside the premises will be controlled, through sprinkling of water, especially during summer season.

YES Enviro Solutions146M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Ventilation and Air Conditioning System: Proper ventilation and air conditioning will be provided in the area where workers are operating in the enclosed foul smelling and dusty areas.

Air Quality Modeling The proposed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Electricity generating at Tehkhand, Okhla,

Delhi will have pollutant emission in form of SO2, NOx & PM.

ISC Short Term Model (ISCST3) The Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model is the US EPA’s one of the regulatory models used for air quality prediction. The ISCST3 model is based on a steady- state Gaussian plume algorithm, and is applicable for estimating ambient impacts from point, area, and volume sources out to a distance of about 50 kilometers. The ISC Short Term model accepts hourly meteorological data records to define the conditions for plume rise, transport, diffusion, and deposition. The model estimates the concentration value for source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorology, and calculates user-selected short- term averages.

Meteorology Meteorological conditions play an important role in determining existing air quality and environmental conditions. The essential relationship between meteorology and atmospheric dispersion involves the wind in the broadest sense of the term. Wind fluctuations over a very wide range of time and space scales accomplish dispersion and strongly influence other processes associated with them. The characterization of the existing meteorological conditions near a source of pollutants is, therefore, a critical aspect for assessing air quality in the ambient environment. For the rapid air quality impact assessment meteorological data for the period Dec 2017 to Feb 2018 over project site are used for air quality modelling. The following subsections describe the prime meteorological parameters during the observation period which govern the dispersion of pollutants.

Wind Direction and Speed Wind direction is reported as the direction from which the wind blows and is based on surface observations. Over the course of a year, wind usually blows in all directions with varying frequencies. Certain direction, which occurs more frequently than others, is known as the prevailing wind direction. Wind speed and direction and their frequency are represented by wind rose diagram. The wind rose denotes a class of diagrams designed to display the distribution of wind direction experienced at a given location over a period of time. Wind rose summarizes a considerable amount of wind frequency information into a single graphic as shown in Figure 4.1 below:

YES Enviro Solutions147M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

FIGURE 4.1: WIND ROSE

Atmospheric Stability A measure of the tendency of air to move upward or downward within the atmosphere generates turbulence. The atmosphere may be more or less turbulent at any given time, depending on the amount of incoming solar radiation as well as other factors. There are six defined Pasquill atmospheric stability classes, from A to F, each representing a different degree of turbulence in the atmosphere. When moderate to strong incoming solar radiation heats air near the ground, causing it to rise and generating large eddies, the atmosphere is considered unstable. Unstable conditions are associated with atmospheric stability classes A, B and C. In this stability class air has strong tendency to move up or down, and the atmosphere is more turbulent. When solar radiation is relatively weak or absent, air near the surface has reduced tendency to rise and less turbulence develops. In this case, the atmosphere is considered stable, the wind is weak, and the stability class would be E or F. Stability classes D represents conditions of neutral stability (moderately turbulent). Neutral conditions are associated with

YES Enviro Solutions148M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT relatively moderate wind speeds and solar radiation. The frequency of stability classes during the study period is provided in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Frequency of Stability Classes Stability Class Frequency (%) A – Extremely Unstable 4.6 B – Unstable 24.6 C – Slightly Unstable 13.8 D – Neutral 9.2 E – Slightly Stable 14.3 F – Stable 33.5

This data indicates that over the monitoring period, the site exhibits trends of slightly stable to stable conditions. Stable conditions exhibit poor vertical mixing, and low levels of contaminant dispersion. Use of this stability data for modeling purposes will produce higher concentrations of pollutants at a given receptor (i.e. more conservative results).

Mixing Height Mixing Height (MH) is the vertical extent through which the contaminant plume can be mixed. Forecasting of mixing height is done with the aid of the vertical temperature profile. The MH is a function of stability. In unstable air the MH is higher and in stable air the MH is lower. With a lower MH, there is a smaller volume of air in which the pollutant can be dispersed, resulting in higher concentrations in the ambient environment. There is a seasonal variation of MH. During summer daylight hours, MH can be few thousand feet whereas for winter it can be a few hundred feet. It varies also in the course of a day. It is lowest at night and increases during the day. Secondary information has been used to determine the mixing height over Delhi region and it varies from 50-2500 meters (IMD, 2008).

Potential Impacts on Air Environment During operation phase of project, other than vehicular movement, DG set with capacity 750 KVA and a 2 boilers of capacity 65 TPH each will be expected as the main air pollution sources. PM, SO2, NOx and CO will be expected as prime criteria air pollutants during the operation phase of the project. Based on the modelling exercise under observed meteorological condition, 24 hours average maximum incremental GLC of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 NOx and CO average over 24 hours are estimated to be 0.069, 0.058, 0.621, 2.321 and 1.372 µg/m3, respectively and occurred at monitoring station AAMS2 i.e. Okhla Phase Ilocated at distance of about 1 km in NW direction from the center of project site. The spatial distribution of ground level incremental concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, and CO due to proposed DG set & Boilers on the

YES Enviro Solutions149M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT impact zone area of 10km x 10km on modelling grid size of 2000mx 2000m around the proposed site are shown in Fig.4.2-4.6 and the same is elaborated in Table 4.2. The predicted PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx and CO ground level concentrations at the five desired receptor locations (AAQMS1-AAQMS12) along with maximum observed background concentrations are provided. Modelling result envisages that incremental ground level concentrations of modeled pollutants due to operation of proposed DG set& Boilers during the assumed aforesaid hours are negligible. The resultant concentration level of SO2, NOx and CO pollutants are well within the NAAQS but resultant concentration of Particulate matters exceed at all receptors locations as the baseline conditions are always worst. ) m ( e c n a t s i D

3 FIGURE 4.2: Spatial distribution of 24-hour averagePM2.5 CONC. (g/m )

YES Enviro Solutions150M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

3 FIGURE 4.3: Spatial distribution of 24-hour average PM10 CONC. (g/m )

3 FIGURE 4.4: Spatial distribution of 24-hour average SO2 CONC. (g/m )

YES Enviro Solutions151M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

3 FIGURE 4.5: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE NOXCONC. (g/m )

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

-2000

-4000

-6000

-8000

-10000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Distance (m) 3 FIGURE 4.6: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 8-HOUR AVERAGE CO CONC. (g/m )

TABLE NO. 4.2: AIR QUALITY MODELING RESULTS Parameters Station Name of Station Concentration Code Baseline Incremental Resultant Particulate AAQMS1 0 386.71 Matter Project Site 386.71 (size less AAQMS2 Okhla P-1 391.37 0.058 391.42 than 10µm) AAQMS3 Dayal Bagh Colony 282.22 0.052 282.27

YES Enviro Solutions152M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

AAQMS4 Tughlaqabad 323.44 0.09 323.53 AAQMS5 Badarpur 251.07 0.047 251.11 AAQMS6 Badarpur Extenstion 246.24 0.022 246.27 AAQMS7 Okhla P-2 380.76 0.037 380.80 AAQMS8 Asola WLS 339.93 0.014 339.94 AAQMS9 Jasola Vihar 342.36 0.015 342.37 AAQMS10 Sukhdev Vihar 327.92 0.036 327.95 AAQMS11 Tilpat Village 344.73 0.003 344.73 AAQMS12 Shahpur 0.018 284.60 Govardhanpur 284.58

Parameters Station Name of Station Concentration Code Baseline Incremental Resultant Particulate AAQMS1 Project Site 176.90 0 176.90 Matter AAQMS2 Okhla P-1 152.20 0.069 152.27 (size less AAQMS3 Dayal Bagh Colony 135.74 0.016 135.76 than AAQMS4 0.035 144.50 2.5µm) Tughlaqabad 144.47 AAQMS5 Badarpur 133.35 0.021 133.37 AAQMS6 Badarpur Extenstion 179.37 0.032 179.41 AAQMS7 Okhla P-2 145.64 0.023 145.67 AAQMS8 Asola WLS 151.53 0.006 151.53 AAQMS9 Jasola Vihar 128.29 0.014 128.30 AAQMS10 Sukhdev Vihar 104.49 0.019 104.51 AAQMS11 Tilpat Village 146.26 0.007 146.27 AAQMS12 Shahpur 0.04 144.11 Govardhanpur 144.07

Parameters Station Name of Station Concentration Code Baseline Incremental Resultant Sulphur AAQMS1 Project Site 17.65 0 17.65 Dioxide AAQMS2 Okhala P-1 16.92 0.621 17.54 (SO ), 2 AAQMS3 Dayal Bagh Colony 10.52 0.356 10.88 µg/m3 AAQMS4 Tughlaqabad 11.14 0.284 11.43 AAQMS5 Badarpur 9.80 0.313 10.12 AAQMS6 Badarpur Extenstion 9.06 0.152 9.21 AAQMS7 Okhla P-2 8.87 0.235 9.10 AAQMS8 Asola WLS 8.10 0.008 8.10 AAQMS9 Jasola Vihar 8.46 0.124 8.58 AAQMS10 Sukhdev Vihar 5.99 0.271 6.26 AAQMS11 Tilpat Village 6.84 0.051 6.89

YES Enviro Solutions153M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

AAQMS12 Shahpur 0.046 7.58 Govardhanpur 7.53

Parameters Station Name of Station Concentration Code Baseline Incremental Resultant Nitrogen AAQMS1 Project Site 66.67 0 66.67 Oxide AAQMS2 Okhla P-1 64.68 2.321 67.00 (NOx), AAQMS3 Dayal Bagh Colony 30.76 1.486 32.25 µg/m3 AAQMS4 Tughlaqabad 31.19 1.774 32.96 AAQMS5 Badarpur 23.05 1.492 24.54 AAQMS6 Badarpur Extenstion 31.40 1.237 32.64 AAQMS7 Okhla P-2 30.43 0.717 31.15 AAQMS8 Asola WLS 35.07 0.52 35.59 AAQMS9 Jasola Vihar 30.61 0.689 31.30 AAQMS10 Sukhdev Vihar 26.31 0.781 27.09 AAQMS11 Tilpat Village 32.57 0.382 32.96 AAQMS12 Shahpur 0.462 27.21 Govardhanpur 26.74

Parameters Station Name of Station Concentration Code Baseline Incremental Resultant Carbon AAQMS1 Project Site 1988.91 0 1988.91 Mono AAQMS2 Okhla P-1 2060.17 1.372 2061.55 Oxide AAQMS3 Dayal Bagh Colony 1054.43 0.459 1054.89 (CO), AAQMS4 0.961 941.66 µg/m3 Tughlaqabad 940.70 AAQMS5 Badarpur 2114.09 0.772 2114.86 AAQMS6 Badarpur Extenstion 2439.61 0.246 2439.85 AAQMS7 Okhla P-2 2309.83 0.654 2310.48 AAQMS8 Asola WLS 1543.52 0.273 1543.79 AAQMS9 Jasola Vihar 1245.04 0.381 1245.42 AAQMS10 Sukhdev Vihar 1075.57 0.426 1075.99 AAQMS11 Tilpat Village 988.13 0.254 988.38 AAQMS12 Shahpur 0.316 1164.42 Govardhanpur 1164.10

Impact on Air Quality due to Traffic-Fugitive Emissions Fugitive emission will takes place from vehicular movement and handling of flyash.The dust emissions are likely to be confined to the place of generation only. Hence, these are not amenable for mathematical dispersionmodelling.

Traffic Management and Mitigation Measures

YES Enviro Solutions154M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Proper route management of the traffic will be done for smooth ingress and egress of traffic.  Supervisors will be appointed to regulate the traffic at the project sites and drivers will be properly trained.  Speed breakers will be constructed in accident prone areas to calm the traffic and its speed.  Signposts will be erected at the sensitive and precarious places to caution or provide information to road users. All the vehicles will be used after getting PUC certificate.

Following table describes the effect of various pollutants & their control system:

TABLE No. 4.3 – EFFECT OF VARIOUS GASES ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT Emissions The formation is Effect on Health and Control System due to Environment

Nitrogen  Thenitrogencontent  Acidification  NOxformationgenerallyt oxides of thefuel.  Eutrophication akesplaceat temperature (NOx)  Contributestothe morethan800-850 C. It formationof isformed ambientozone. duetothevariation ⁰  Poisonsthebloodif inthefurnacetemperature inhaled. s.  CFBCboiler allowsthebed temperaturetobelimitedt o850 C, thusformation oftheNOxislimited as ⁰ per the selection of the technology.  Although SNCR in the boiler is advisedtocatertheNOxfo rmationif there. Sulphur  Thesulphurcontent  Acidification  Sulphur present dioxide of thefuel.  Healtheffectsfor inthefuelismain

(SO2)  Thecombustion thepersonswith causeoftheformation process:temperatu inhalationproblems. ofthe Sox

re, mainlyinformofSO2.The oxygenconcentrati same iscarried

YES Enviro Solutions155M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

on andduration. bythefuelgaswhere the treatment of lime &water causes theremoval oftheSOxfromtheflue gas. Carbon  Thecarboncontent  Contributestothe  CO2 dioxide of thefuel. greenhouseeffect. istheprimecomponentoft (CO2) he fluegas.Same isformedbythe oxidation ofthecarboninthefuel. Generally same ishavingthelower contribution totheenvironment degradation with respect to the MSW dumping (MSWat dumping sitegenerated1610kgofC O2 per tonofwaste,whereas the incineration produces only220kg CO2forthesamemassofw aste. Carbon  Thecombustion  Harmfultothe  CO if formed by Monoxid process:createdwh cardiovascular incomplete combustion e en system. of the carbon in the (CO) thesupplyofoxyge fuel,sameishaving nis scarce. theadverse health impact &also leads tolower efficiency. Supply of oxygen will be maintained to control incomplete combustion of carbon. Voltaic  Thecombustion  Cancerogenic  Methane Organic process:createdwh  Contributestothe formationistheredueto compoun en formationof ambientozone. waste dumped atthesite ds (VOC) theoxygensupplyi  Methaneisa VOC thathas thepotential

YES Enviro Solutions156M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

s scare. thatcontributesto ofthe1,610ofCO2 thegreenhouse effect. equivalent.  Whenthesameistreated &usedin thiswillreduce to220ofCO2 equivalent. Dust  Theashcontentofth  Harmfulifinhaled,  Dust produced e waste. heavymetalsget (Suspended particulates)  Thecombustion stucktoparticles whichis duetoheterogeneous process. transportedtothe lungs. natureofthewaste.  Use of bagfilter Heavy  Theheavymeta  Mostheavymetals  Generally allmetals Metals(C l contentof aretoxicto human arecaptured in d, thefuel. andwildlife. theFCGS&flyashthatisca Pb,Hgetc. tered to ) withduecare,Activatedba gsinthe systemalsointeractwithth emetals &controltheemissionsint helimit asperSWM2016. Hydrogen  Thecombusti  Acidification.  Generallyformedbycom chloride on process: bustion of thechlorine (HCl) The present inthekitchen combustion wasteafterreactionwithh temperature, ydrogen, same is the controlled by the wet oxygensuppl section(byreactionwithli y,the me)ofthe FGCS. presence ofcatalyst.  ThePVCcont entinthe waste,i.e.the chlorinatedm aterial in thefuel. Dioxins  Thechlorideconten  Cancausecancer while  Sameisformedbytheoxid tin the accumulating ation of presenceofcopper, infattytissues thePVCinthefurnace, which worksasa inhumanand wildlife. sameis controlled by catalyst. eliminatingthePVC

YES Enviro Solutions157M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

fromentering intotheboiler. Further,incaseoftheform ationdue to pre- sortingsystem ineffectiveness, samehasprovision topassthefluegasattempe rature of850 Cfortwoseconds, thiswill causet⁰hebreakdownofthe dioxins &furans intothenon-toxic compounds.  Canbecontrolled byinjectionof activatedcarboninfluegas stream.  Incaseif thereis any dioxins left afterinjectionof activatedcarbon, canbeaddressed byActivated bags intailendofsystem.

4.3.3 Water environment

4.3.3.1Surface water Impact: During the operation phase, source of water supply will be treated STP water from DJB. No fresh water will be drawn from any surface water body. Surface water body in the study area may be affected by runoff from areas of storage of leachate, blow down water from cooling tower & boiler, DM plant and effluent from ash quenching area or flow of untreated sewage.

Mitigation Complete water system has been designed based on zero discharge concept. The treated waste water will be reused and reutilized. Condensate water from leachate treatment plant will be used for quenching of bottom ash. Blow down water and DM plant waste neutralized

YES Enviro Solutions158M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT and after treatment will be utilized for various purpose. Sewage water will be discharged in the nearest DJB sewerage system of SDMC.

4.3.3.2 Ground water Impact: Ground water impact during operation phase arises typically due to percolation of waste water from drains and pits, process chemicals, or other compounds used onsite.

Mitigation measures The ground water will not be utilized for plant use or for any other purpose. The neutralization pit and all the drain and collecting system will be properly concretized to reduce chances of contamination of ground water.

4.3.4 Noise Environment Impact:Noise impacts generally occur due to operation of main plant equipment, vehicles and during power generation. During operation phase the main generating sources are turbines, generators, boilers feed pumps, air compressor, cooling tower etc. These equipments are housed in cluster/single building of different dimensions made of different materials or installed in open or under sheds. The material of construction implies different attenuation co-efficient.

Mitigation Measures The noise levels will be less than 85 dB (A) limit at a distance of 1 m,except at turbine and boiler feed pump area. Persons handling noisy equipment or working in noisy places will be provided with ear plugs and earmuffs.

To achieve the far field noise limit, various noise generating equipments will be fitted with appropriatedevices to control the noise levels e.g. steam vent pipes shall be fitted with silencers. In addition 30m green belt will be provided to further attenuate noise level.

4.3.4 Ecological Impact The ecology of the area during operation phase generally get affected due to discharge of water effluents and emission from the stack.

Impact: As described earlier the project will be designed on zero discharge concept. After adequate treatment all the effluents will be recycled and reutilized and there will be no discharge. Hence, no aquatic system will be affected.

Mitigation Measures

YES Enviro Solutions159M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

The project proposes 30m wide green belt in the premises will be planted with local species with aesthetic appeal that will attract local bird and insect species, tolerant species, which helps to maintain the levels within and around the surrounding under control. Air pollution control system will be designed to comply with European Emission Standard. The predicted air pollutants contribution to AAQ of Delhi is insignificant. In view of this, the impact of the project during operation on ecology will be insignificant.

4.3.5 Socio-economic Impact Betterlivingconditions The objective of the proposed projectis tomanage the municipal solid waste problem of SouthDelhiandconvertWaste toelectricity. This project willreduceair,water odourandsoilcontamination due to municipal waste.This willprovidesafe&hygienicsurroundings will& improve thelivingstandardofsociety.

Direct&indirectemploymentopportunities Developmentofprojectwillprovideemploymentopportunitytolocalskilled,unskilled&semiski lled peopleduringbothconstruction&operationphase. Indirectemploymentmayalso b e generatedduringconstructionphaseofproject.Teastalls,andfood jointsmaycome uparoundprojectsiteforworkers.

EconomicBenefits Municipal Wasteismaterialthatisbeingrejectedasithasnouseforthepeople.ThisWasteto Electricity(W t E)projectis consideredoneofthe mosteconomicalandenvironment friendlysolutions fortacklingtheproblem of municipal waste and generating additional electricity for Delhi.

4.3.6 Solid Waste

Impact- Fly ash and bottom ash are the major solid waste generated from “WtE” project. Approx. 25 ton of fly ash & 275 ton of bottom ash will be generated per day from this project. These waste are required to be properly handled to avoid environmental consequences.

Mitigation For the utilization of fly ash, an automatic plant for Brick/ interlocking paver will be installed. The capacity of the brick plant will be designed to utilize all the fly ash generated. The quenched bottom ash will be lead to bottom ash processing plant which is similar to C&D plant. The process involves segregation, size reduction and screening for fine recovery.

YES Enviro Solutions160M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

This reduces the amount of inert bottom to landfill and conserving natural resources. After the processing which are not recyclable will be sent to sanitary land fill. Hazardous waste will be handled as per Waste Management and Handling Rule 2016. Sludge from the leachate treatment plant will be dried and used in the boiler burning purpose.

4.3.7 Transport Linkage and Traffic Impact: Increase in traffic may result in obstruction of existing traffic near site and around site.

Mitigation Measures Trucks reaching the Okhla landfill site are approx. 17 no on an average. As this landfill is at the stage of closure, hence there will be no impact in traffic due to the existing landfill site but when Waste to Electricity project at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi become operational then as mentioned above 250 trucks will reach site. The average weight of waste carried by 1 truck will be approx. 8 ton, as total 2000 ton of waste/day is expected to reach site, approx. 250 trucks will be required per day. It is estimated that 1 truck will take 5 minutes to unload material and return back, this shows that per hours 12 trucks will reach site. To manage the traffic problem of the area, it is recommended to have 2 entry and 2 exit to divert the traffic, along with this further, specific halt location will be provided near site, so that, this will not hamper the existing traffic and to manage the flow of traffic.

4.4 IMPACT MATRIX Various activities from the project are likely to have impact on the environmental constituents during its construction as well as operational phase. The impact assessment matrix has been made based on EIA manual of MoEF & CC and is for Thermal Power Plant is given in Table No. 4.4.

YES Enviro Solutions161M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table No. 4.4:- Imapct Assessment Matrix

PHASE II PHASE III Construction/ Establishment Operation and Maintenance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Project Activities

Compo nent Energy Reserve facilities stock piling Deforestation Parameter boiler etc.ETP ENVIRONMENT Abstraction of water temporary structures / factor Generation of sewerage Transportation of material Operation of cooling system Heavy operationsEquipment Movement of Influx of construction workers Disposal of construction wastes building of structures including Storage of chemicals/ Flammables Civil works such as Earth moving and water treatment plants, cooling tower, Crushing of coal, storageand handling/ Waste management (fly ash, sludge from Operation of power source generator and Erosion Risks √ x x x x √ x x x x x x x x Soil Contamination x x √ √ √ x x √ √ x x x √ √ Soil Quality √ x √ √ x √ x x x x x x √ √ Fuels/ Electricity √ √ x x √ x √ √ √ √ √ √ x x Physical Resourc es Construction material- stone, aggregates √ x x x √ x x x x x x x x x

YES Enviro Solutions162M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Land especially √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ undeveloped or √ agricultural land √ x √ x √ Interpretation or Alteration of River Beds x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Alteration of Hydraulic Regime √ x x x x √ x x x x x x x x

Alteration of surface Water run-off and interflow √ x x x x √ x x x x x x x x x x Alteration of aquifers water quality √ x x √ x x x x x x x x Temperature x x x x x √ x x x √ x √ x x Air Quality √ √ x √ x x √ √ √ √ x x x √ Noise √ √ x x x x √ √ √ √ x x x x Air Climate x x x x x √ √ x x x x x x x Effect on grass & flowers √ x √ x x √ x x x x x x x x Terrestr √ √ Effect on trees & shrubs ial √ x x x x x x x x x x x Flora Biological Effect on farmland x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Endangered species x x x x x √ x x x x x x x x

YES Enviro Solutions163M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Habitat removal x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Contamination of Aquatic habitats Biota x x x √ x x x x x x x x x x Reduction of aquatic biota x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fragmentation of terrestrial habitats √ x x x x x x x x x x x x x √ √ √ √ Terrestr Disturbance of habitats ial by noise or vibration Fauna √ √ x x x x x x x x Reduction of Biodiversity √ x x x x √ x x x x x x x x Creation of new economic activities √ x x x x x √ √ x x x x x x Commercial value of √ properties √ x x x x x x x x x x x x Conflict due to Econom negotiation and/ Social y compensation payments x x x x √ x x x x x x x x x Generation of √ √ √ √ temporary and permanent jobs x x x x x x x x x x

Effect on crops x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

YES Enviro Solutions164M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Reduction of farmland productivity x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Income for the state and private sector √ √ x x √ x x x x √ x x x x

Electricity tarrifs x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Savings for consumers & private consumers x x x x √ x x x x x x x x x Savings in foreign currency for the state x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Training in new Educati technologies x x x x √ x x x x √ x x x x on Training in new skills to workers x x x x √ x x x x √ x x x x

Political Conflicts Public x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Order Unrest, Demonstrations & social conflicts √ x √ x √ √x x x x x x x x x Infrastr Conflicts with projects x x x x x x x ucture of urban, commercial and or Industrial Services development √ x √ x √ √ x Security Increase in Crime and x x x x √ x x x x x x x x x

YES Enviro Solutions165M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Safety √ √ Accidents caused by x x √ √ √ x x x x x x √ √ √ √ Temporary Health x x x x x x x x x x Acute x x x x x x x x x x x x x √ Chronic x x x x x x x x √ x x x √ x √ x √ x x x x x x x x x x x Land Use

x x x x x x x x Recreation Cultura x x √ √ x √ l Aesthetics and human √ √ x x x x x x x interest √ x x √ √ x x x x √ x x x x x x x x x Cultural Status

YES Enviro Solutions166M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

YES Enviro Solutions167M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

This chapter describes the analysis of alternatives with respect to site, fuel and technology to assess their environmental compatibility. Accordingly, environment compatible site, fuel and technology is selected for implementation.

5.1 ALTERNATIVE FOR SITE SELCTION The present “W t E” project of Tehkhand has been planned to address the issue of municipal solid waste of South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC). The existing landfill sites of SDMC have exhausted their capacities and are presently overburdened.

Most part of the SDMC area i.e. southern and western parts fall under the air funnel zone and not suitable for establishing of solid waste management facility.

Further, because of paucity of lands in the city and ever increasing amount of solid waste, it is imperative to process the MSW to the maximum extent possible to minimize dumping at the landfill sites.

SDMC is not having any land parcel available at its existing MSW disposal facility. However, DDA has recently allotted a total of 50.431 acres of land for management of MSW near Tehkhand (Annexure–XII).The direction of Hon’ble SC and different government departments.

The project site has been examined from environmental consideration and cleared by Central Empowered Committee (CEC), Ridge Management Board and Hon’ble Supreme Court (copies enclosed as (Annexure-XI). All the conditions stipulated by various department will be complied by project proponent.

The project site does not involve any rehabilitation and resettlement issue.

Accordingly, Tehkhand has proposed to setup on 15 acres of land (out of 50.431 acres of land allotted by DDA) a waste to electricity plant of 25 MW at Tehkhand. This plant will be able to process 2000 TPD of MSW of SDMC area.

YES Enviro Solutions168M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

5.2 ALTERNATIVE TO FUEL Normally, a thermal power plant utilizes coal/natural gas as fuel for power generation. However, theproposedprojectrelatestothe“ WtE” in which municipal waste will be utilized as fuel.The quality of available MSW have direct bearing on energy output of the plant.

A study has been carried out by SDMC to assess in different parts of the GCV of MSWDelhi. The results are given below:

Figure No. 5.1: Variation in GCV value as per chemical characteristic report

Figure No. 5.2:- Weighted average of GCV

YES Enviro Solutions169M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

The GCV values for the purpose of project capacity assessment has been computed by averaging theARB values based on physical and chemical characteristics. This works out to 1,225 kcal/kg for 2017.

5.3 ALTERNATIVE “W t E” TECHNOLOGIES Comparative study of different “W t E” technologies is summaries below:-

Table No.-5.1: Comparison of “W t E” Technologies

Technology Suitability against criteria Deployment Track Status Record Mandatory Strongly Desirable advisable Mass Yes if GCV Yes with Yes but not Widely in Technically Incineration is > removal of at the China successful but 1,000 chlorinated historical and to some financial kcal/Kg plastics cost extent viability & in USA heavily policy chlorinated dependent plastics removed RDF Yes Yes Yes but Widely in India-high incineration not at the Europe investment historical and now in cost, RDF cost China too technology based in operation at Okhla.

Other Yes No No Pilot and few Not proven advance (Commercially commercial yet. thermal not developed projects in technologies yet) USA, Canada, UK, Germany, Spain, Japan and India Biotechnologies Yes No No In many Successful in (Commercially countries Technology not developed including demonstration yet) India but but very little

YES Enviro Solutions170M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

technology information yet to on be proven commercial (Sholapur success project under stabilization)

The RDF incineration technology has been selected because it can process MSW scientifically with economic and environment benefits for the citizens of Delhi. There is already a “W t E” Plant operating at Okhla.

5.4 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR FLUE GAS CLEANING SYSTEM The different technologies for control of various pollutants of the flue gas are described in the following table:

Table No. 5.2:Comparative study of the equipment/technologies for removing different

Equipment’s / Technologies Parameters Cyclone Venturi ESP Fabric Dry Semi Wet SNCR SCR Activated Separator Scrubber Filter System dry System Carbon system Particulate √ √ √ √ matter (dust) HCL √ √ √ SO2 √ √ √ SO3 √ √ √ HF √ √ √ NOx √ √ √ Total √ dioxins & furans Cd +Th + √ √ √ √ √ √ their compounds Hg and its √ compounds Sb + As + √ √ √ √ √ √ Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni + V+ their compounds

YES Enviro Solutions171M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

For the proposed project, the technology selected for different pollutants are given below: Table No. 5.3: Selection of Flue Gas Control Technologies Flue gas constituent Selected Technology Description NOx removal SNCR SCR is strictly to adhere low NOx, however, theSNCR can met the required level of the NOx as per MoEF& European norms Gaseous contaminants Dry reactor/Semi-Dry Reactor Wet system is more robust & removal have the lower emission but Dry& Semi-dry too are abiding the SWM 2016 rule Removal of very toxic Activated carbon Carbon is used for removal of substance dioxin and mercury dioxins and mercury Particle removal Bag filter ESP and Bag filter are capable of meeting the emission norms, the use of bag filter is preferable on account of formation of secondary dioxin & furans in ESP

5.5 ALTERNATIVE CONDENSER COOLING SYSTEM High pressure steam is expanded in the turbine and condensed in the condenser at the lowest possible pressure for extracting maximum possible work from the thermal energy contained in the steam. Generally the water cooled condensers are most favorable for condensing steam. Hot water is cooled by the cooling tower & heat is rejected to atmosphere by evaporation of water. Thus, over a time span the concentration of the salt level in the cooling water sump increases. This requires periodic blow down to maintain the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) within limit. Higher concentration of the TDS in circulating water will lead to the scaling on the surface of condenser thus decreasing the performance. TDS in the circulating water is normally not allowed to exceed the range of 2,500-3,000 ppm for circuiting water. The amount of blow down is governed by the concentration of the dissolved salts in the make-up water. It is proposed to use the sewage water for the power generation. It has been found that treatment cost of the sewage water for use in the cooling tower becomes non-techno viable. The comparative evaluation of air cooled condenser (ACC) and water cooled condenser (WCC) is shown in Table No. 5.4.

YES Enviro Solutions172M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table No. 5.4 Comparison of ACC & WCC Particulars ACC WCC Cooling media Air Water Vacuum at STG exhaust >0.18 >0.10 System efficiency Lower Higher Application Scarcity of water Abundant water High treatment cost of water Water quality good (Sewage water) Investment High Low Operating cost Low High Auxiliary power Low High

In past projects, it has been studied that the life cycle costing for similar type of water properties yields more attractive for air cooled condenser than water cooled condenser. It is, therefore, proposed to adopt ACC for the project. As per the MoEF notification dated 7 th December, 2015, new plants to be installed after 1st January, 2017 shall have meet specific water consumption up to maximum of 2.5 m3/MWh and achieve zero water discharge” which would be met through adoption of ACC.

Table No.5.5:Types of Fin for ACC

CRITERIA KL TYPE EXTRUDED TYPE G-TYPE Corrosion Tube Protected Tube protected Provides perfect fit against corrosion against between fin & tube corrosion Vibration Resistant against Fins have extra Comparatively Lower vibration rigidity Thermal Performance High thermal Heat transfer remains Varies have performance and constant comparative less stress resistance with performance than atmospheric other corrosion protection Temperature KL can be replaced Can be used up to Can be used up to Operation by any other type of 300°C 400°C fins (Can be used up to 320°C)

YES Enviro Solutions173M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

It can be seen from the table that the KL type of fins are more corrosion resistant, having high thermal performance & resistant against vibration. Considering all the above points, KL option has been recommended.

5.6 ALTERNATIVE LEACHATE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY The leachate treatment plant can be based on two technologies:- (A) Bio-Drying  Influent Leachate Storage Tank: For collecting and storing the leachate generated. Helps in flow equalization and allows controlled flow of leachate per treatment cycle.  Mesh Screens: Removes unwanted solid particles that may cause clogging of the drainage system and also leads to wear & tear of further treatment units.  Oil & Grease Trap: Efficient removal of oil & grease produced from decomposing organic matter.  Moving Bed Bio-film Reactor: The inoculums are added after studying the characteristic of leachate to be treated. The bacteria/activated sludge grow on the internal surface of the carriers. The bacteria break down the organic matter from the waste water. The aeration system keeps the carriers with activated sludge in motion. Only the extra amount of bacteria growth, the excess sludge will come separate from the carriers and will flow with the treated water towards the final separator.  Blowers: aids biological growth and facilitate waste reduction.  Secondary Clarifier: Here, the supernatant treated water is collected and stored in the sump tank, while the settled sludge received in the hopper attached at the bottom of the clarifier is to the sludge drying beds.  Sump Tank: temporarily stores the water and provides further aeration via blower.  Carbon filter and Sand Filter: Provides proper filtration from any unwanted particles.  Sludge Disposal: Sludge containing the carriers is dried at the sludge drying beds and used as manure for gardening.

The treated water is re-circulated by spraying onto the composting heap in order to maintain its moisture content. Thus, the treatment plant becomes a Zero Discharge Unit.

YES Enviro Solutions174M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure No. 5.3: PFD for biological treatment process

(B)Thermal Treatment Scheme The proposed leachate treatment system is based on Primary treatment followed by thermal treatment. The flow diagram of leachate treatment system is given in Fig 5.4.

YES Enviro Solutions175M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure No. 5.4: Process flow diagram of leachate treatment plant

YES Enviro Solutions176M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of the monitoring programme is to ensure that the specified mitigation measures defined in the EMP are complied with and leads to the desired benefits for the target area and its population. To ensure the effective implementation of the EMP and gauge the efficiency of the mitigation measures, monitoring shall be undertaken both during the construction and operation period of the project.

6.2 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (PIs) The physical, biological and social components are of particular significance to the project is as listed below:  Air quality  Water quality  Noise levels  Solid Waste Management  Plantation success / survival rate

The proposed Environmental Monitoring Plan are given in Table 6.1& 6.2.

Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Plan (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

S.No Aspect Parameters Frequency Location 1 Drinking Water As per drinking water Three times a Labour camps standard year

2 Noise Equivalent noise pressure Once in three At three location level months near by construction sites 3 Air quality PM10 , PM2.5 , SO2 and NOx Every two At one location months onsite construction site

YES Enviro Solutions177M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan (OPERATION PHASE)

Aspect Parameter Frequency Location Equipment Used Ambient Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Six times in a year One location (one at site) Through NABL approved Quality NOx, O3. lab.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Continuous online One at onsite Continuous ambient air NOx. monitoring quality monitoring stations.

Stack PM, SO2, NOx, Continuous Flue stack Continuous stack Emission monitors. Dioxin & Furans Quarterly Flue stack Through NABL approved lab. Ground water Physical, chemical Three times in a year Single Through NABL approved quality and biological lab. parameters including heavy metals Plant effluents Physical and Three times in a year Before recycle. Through NABL approved chemical lab. properties including heavy metals. Noise level Noise Quarterly Single location Through NABL approved lab.

YES Enviro Solutions178M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

6.3 DATA MANAGEMENT The monitoring shall be carried out through MoEF&CC/ NABL approved laboratory. All results shall be maintained at the project site and submitted to the SPCB as per the reporting requirements.

6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING The environment management cell shall be responsible for timely conduct of the monitoring activities. The results of the analysis shall be intimated to the project head. Any anomaly in test results shall be investigated into and proper corrective actions shall be undertaken. A complaint register shall also be maintained to note any complaints from the staff and visitors in the project or any other stakeholder. Corrective actions taken against the complaints shall also be noted.

YES Enviro Solutions179M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter broadly looks at various aspects related to risk assessment, disaster management and emergency response system.

7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT The key task of Risk Analysis is to establish the risk level of all events and whether or not the risk of the higher risk scenario, determined by consequence and probability are acceptable. The impact of hazardous events occurring is assessed based on both damage caused and the corresponding probability of occurrence. The important step in the Risk Analysis is to conduct Consequence Analysis with reasonable accuracy and to choose the relevant parameters with a factor of safety. The brief outline of the three tier approach is given below:

Level 1 – Risk screening This is top-down review of worst-case potential hazards/risks, aimed primarily at identifying locations within plant area, which pose the highest risk. Various screening factors considered include:  Inventory of hazardous materials;  Hazardous Materials properties; Storage conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure); Location sensitivity (distance to residential areas/populace). The data/information is obtained from plant. The results provide a relative indication of the extent of hazards and potential for risk exposure.

Level 2 – Major Risk Survey (Semi - Quantitative) The survey approach combines the site inspection with established risk assessment techniques applied both qualitative as well quantitative mode. The primary objective is to identify and select major risks at a specific location in the plant considering possible soft spots/weak links during operation/maintenance. Aspects covered in the risk usually include:

 Process Hazards  Process Safety Management Systems

YES Enviro Solutions180M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

This involves qualitative risk identification of scenarios involving hazardous materials and Risk reduction measures. Selection of critical scenarios and their potential of damage provide means of prioritizing mitigative measures and allocation of the resources to the areas with highest risks are covered.

Level 3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment (Deterministic) This is the stage of assessment of risks associated with all credible hazards (scenarios) with potential to cause an undesirable outcome such as human injury, fatality or destruction of property. The four basic elements include:

 Hazards identification utilizing formal approach (Level 2, HAZOP etc.);  Frequency Analysis based on past safety data (incidents/accidents); identifying likely pathway of failures and quantifying the toxic/ inflammable material release.  Hazards analysis to quantify the consequences of various hazards scenarios (fire, explosion, BLEVE, toxic vapour release etc.).  Establish minimum value for damage (e.g. IDLH, over pressure, radiation flux) to assess the impact on environment.

7.3 HAZARD IDENIFICATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES Effective management of a Risk Assessment study requires enumeration and selection of incidents or scenarios. Enumeration attempts to ensure that no significant incidents are overlooked; selection tries to reduce the incident outcome cases studied to a manageable number. These incidents can be classified under, either of the two categories:

 Loss of containment of material – steam or organic waste.  Sudden release of energy and failure to contain it due to boiler explosion/ steam line leak Unfortunately, there are several ways (incidents) by which loss of containment can occur in either category. For example, fire of waste materials can be of any size, from a small fire to large major fire. There can be electrical shock at the power plant and can be fatal for limited number of workman. The boiler explosion scenario cannot also be ruled out. The size and intensity of damage can be ascertained in terms of fire due to the storage of fuel, MSW and electrical shock due to operation and maintenance of the power plant at the said industrial facility. The data generated is as shown below:

 MSW Storage area, description, and dimensions.  Composition / calorific value of waste materials present.  Climatic conditions (temperature, pressure).

YES Enviro Solutions181M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Total Inventory at the site.  Storage of Fuel (LDO).  Boiler Hazard during operation and maintenance.

The goal of risk assessment is to limit the total number of incident outcome cases, to be studied to a manageable size, without introducing bias or losing resolution through overlooking significant incidents or incident outcomes. The purpose of incident selection is to construct an appropriate set of incidents for the study from the Initial list that has been generated by the enumeration process. An appropriate set of incidents is the minimum number of incidents needed to satisfy the requirements of the study and adequately represent the spectrum of incidents enumerated. From the generation of waste to its transportation and unloading at “W t E” project site, workers engaged in solid waste are exposed to substantial levels of physical, chemical, and biological toxins.

7.4 DIFFERENT HAZARDS AND ITS CONTROLS MEASURES

Table No. 7.1:Different Hazards and Its Controls Measures

S. Types of Consequences Mitigation measures No. Hazards Hazards During collection and Transportation to the site Vehicle The vehicle carrying the MSW has the All the vehicles used for potential to meet with an accident the project construction during the transit due to various and MSW waste reasons collection shall be of Road Condition good quality and shall be Bad weather maintained by the trained Drunk – driver drivers lead by Vehicle condition supervisors.

The GPS system installation will support the facility to track the

YES Enviro Solutions182M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

movement of the vehicle and drivers. Health The employees/ workman get ill All the employees shall Hazards of frequently and may cause accidents. be trained and provided employees / with adequate PPE to workman protect from the health engaged at the hazards. MSW site Separate care will be taken for the workmen employed for the work Biological As the composition of MSW will be All the employees shall Hazards uncertain and all likely hood is there be trained and provided about the vector / bacterial diseases. with adequate PPE to The details control and mitigation protect from the health factors are listed in this report hazards.

Also periodical medical check-up shall be conducted to ensure good health and also early detection of any ailments Hazards During Storage of MSW at Site Fire A problem called dry matter loss can Proper emergency result from heat generation, which in management plan will be turn is related to moisture content. prepared and periodical Safeguards include maintaining dry mock drill shall be storage conditions and minimization conducted to check the of inventory levels to give relatively effectiveness of

YES Enviro Solutions183M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

short storage times. preparedness and controls. A storage fire risk assessment should  Adequate fire fighting consider factors such as size/area of system. storage, occupancy and escape routes. As well as active fire systems, detection of hot spots and monitoring of carbon monoxide levels may also be employed. Other type of Potential hazards associated with the hazards due to feed materials themselves include fire, MSW storage dust explosion and toxic gas formation. For example, where feed materials such as biomass wood are stored in large piles, there is potential for self-heating. Potential toxic gas hazards should be considered, such as carbon monoxide formation in relation to self-heating, particularly in confined spaces. Hazards Contaminated water run-off during the There will be during the monsoon or flooding surrounding drainage line Storage of connection around the MSW storage facility Health Hazard Health hazard to the workman Maximum waste will be handling the waste. handled by the machines All the workman employed will be

YES Enviro Solutions184M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

monitored medically and clinically. Adequate hygiene measures will be provided for the workman employed at the site The safe design and construction practices will be practiced and followed during the Electrical entire phase of Hazards Electrical shock construction and during power operation. generation All the workman shall be trained and provided with appropriate PPE LOTO will be practiced.

7.5 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR BOILER The risk associated with the boiler hazards and its explosion damage are given below:

7.5.1 Boiler hazards LDO is used widely as a heating fuel in boilers and care is essential in preventing explosive pockets forming within lines and box particularly during start-up and shutdown. A study of 100 explosions indicated that about a little less than 50% occurred during lighting off period, 40% during operation and about 10% during re-lighting following burner flame extinguishments. No explosions were reported while furnace box temperature was above 760 oC. A number of explosions occurred during warming up phase. Lighting of explosions was mostly in multi burner furnaces where operators failed to close all individual main burner gas cocks and to

YES Enviro Solutions185M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT establish reliable pilot flames at all burners before opening the main furnace gas valve. Firing explosions were primarily caused by the following:

 Operation of burners with insufficient air for perfect combustion resulting in formation of explosive carbon monoxide air mixtures in the furnace box.  Accidental burner flame failure with no means of automatic fuel cut-off  Re-lighting explosions following accidental burner flame extinguishments were caused by failure to purge the furnace before reintroducing an ignition source.

7.5.2 Boiler Explosion Damage Details

Figure No.7.1 Boiler explosion Damage

Table No. 7.2: Boiler Explosion Damage Details

Damage distance Scenario Damage pressure (Meters) 0.3baroverpr.(heavy damage) 33m Boiler Explosion (See 0.15baroverpr.(Moderate damage) 55m figure 7.1) 0.03baroverpr.(Light damage) 180m

YES Enviro Solutions186M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

7.5.3 Estimated Probabilities The releases of steam from pipelines can be from a number of sources and can vary in leak size. The categories that are usually considered are small leaks and large or catastrophic leaks. Generic failure rate base data is available from many sources- some typical values suggested are described below:

PIPE LINE FAILURES

Type Size% Frequency/year

Base Frequency 3.60E-05

Minor Leak 5 1.44E-05

Significant Leak 22 5.40E-06

Major Leak 45 1.80E-06

Catastrophic Failure 100 3.60E-07

VALVES FAILURE FREQUENCY

Type Size,% Frequency/year

Base Frequency 2.30E-04

Minor Leak 5 8.05E-05

Significant Leak 10 2.76E-05 Major Leak 20 1.38E-05 Catastrophic Failure 100 2.30E-06

Some of the pertinent Frequency data:

YES Enviro Solutions187M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Table No. 7.3:- Some Typical Failure Frequency Data S. No. Item Failure Frequency (/106 years) 1. Boiler Shell Failure 3 2. MSW Storage Failure resulting to fire 1 Full Bore Vessel Connection Failure ( Diameter in mm) at boiler <25 30 40 10 50 7.5 80 5 3. 100 4 >150 3 Full Bore Pipeline failure Diameter <50 mm 0.3* 4. 50mm < Diameter < 150 mm 0.09* Diameter > 150 mm 0.03*

*Failure frequency expressed in (per 106 years) Additional failure frequencies are given in Table No. 7.4. Table No. 7.4 Some Additional Failure Frequencies and Probability Data S. No. Item Failure Frequency (per year) 1. Pipe line Failure 4.50E-05 per km 2. Flange failure -rupture 4.60E-05 3. Flange failure-leak 1.26E-03 4. Valve failure –rupture 3.20E-03 5. Valve failure-leak 1.64E-03 6. Boiler failure 1.20E-05 7. Temperature Alarm on equipment failure 3.90E-03

YES Enviro Solutions188M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

8. Boiler feed water supply Failure 1.00E-01

Table No. 7.5: Some Typical Failure Frequency Data of Events Event Frequency of event Catastrophic Failure of Equipment 3 x 10 -6 per year Catastrophic Failure of Pressurized Equipment 1 x 10 -6 per year Full Bore Equipment Connection Failure of dia of about 25 3 x 10 -5 per year mm Full Bore Equipment Connection Failure of dia of about 40 1 x 10 -5 per year mm Full Bore Equipment Connection Failure of dia of about 50 0.75 x 10 -5 per year mm Full Bore Equipment Connection Failure of dia of about 80 0.5 x 10 -5 per year mm Full Bore Equipment Connection Failure of dia of about 0.4 x 10 -5 per year 100 mm Full Bore Equipment Connection Failure of dia of about 0.3 x 10 -5 per year 150 mm Single mechanical seal 66 per 8000 operation-year Double mechanical seal 44 per 8000 operation-year Full Bore process pipe-lines failure of dia of about 50 mm 0.30 x 10 -6 per meter-year Full Bore process pipe-lines failure of dia of about 150 0.09 x 10 -6 per meter-year mm Full Bore process pipe-lines failure of dia of > 150 mm 0.03 x 10 -6 per meter-year Failure of Excess Flow control Valve 1.3 x 10 -2 per demand-year Failure of an automatic shut-off valve to close 1 x 10 -2 per demand-year Failure of level sensor 5 x 10 -5 per hour Failure of flow sensor 4 x 10 -5 per hour

YES Enviro Solutions189M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

7.5.4 NB: 1. Frequency of Pressurized storage Vessel Failure is less than that of Equipment Vessel Failure.

2. For Full Bore Equipment Connection Failure or for Full Bore process pipe-lines failure, the general rule is that keeping all other conditions identical, as the diameter of the pipeline increases, the failure rate decrease.

3. For mechanical seal, Frequency of Failure of Double seal is less than that of Single seal.

The software outcome about the consequence analysis and its damage distance due to fire / leak at the LDO storage tank is briefed here under. There is only one hazardous material which can pose the fire hazard.

7.6 LDO STORAGW RISK ASSESSMENT The storage of Fuel (LDO) in the storage tank also have the potential for the fire hazard. (Damage distance is worked out using the software and mitigation plan is prepared accordingly. The associated with LDO storage are described below:

CHEMICAL DATA: Chemical Name: LDO CAS Number: 68476-30-2 Molecular Weight: 102.17 g/mol PAC-1: 10 ppm PAC-2: 110 ppm PAC-3: 580 ppm LEL: 12000 ppm UEL: 82000 ppm Ambient Boiling Point: 215 - 376° C Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 1.12 to 26 mm Hg

YES Enviro Solutions190M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

For 25 mm puncture: ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA) Wind: 2 meters/second from NNW at 3 meters Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 5 tenths Air Temperature: 37° C Stability Class: D (user override) No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 27%

SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Circular Opening Diameter: 2.5 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Ground Type: Default soil Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 864 grams/min

YES Enviro Solutions191M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

(averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released: 29.1 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 21 meters.

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : 10 meters --- (580 ppm = PAC-3) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 15 meters --- (110 ppm = PAC-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: 94 meters --- (10 ppm = PAC-1)

For 50 mm puncture ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA) Wind: 2 meters/second from NNW at 3 meters Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 5 tenths Air Temperature: 37° C Stability Class: D (user override) No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 27%

YES Enviro Solutions192M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Circular Opening Diameter: 5 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Ground Type: Default soil Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 3.25 kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released: 109 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 41 meters.

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian

YES Enviro Solutions193M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Red : 20 meters --- (580 ppm = PAC-3) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 29 meters --- (110 ppm = PAC-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: 188 meters --- (10 ppm = PAC-1)

For catastrophic rupture ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA) Wind: 2 meters/second from NNW at 3 meters Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 5 tenths Air Temperature: 37° C Stability Class: D (user override) No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 27%

SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters

YES Enviro Solutions194M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Circular Opening Diameter: 126 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Ground Type: Default soil Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 23.6 kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released: 1,315 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 104 meters.

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : 52 meters --- (580 ppm = PAC-3) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because dispersion predictions areunreliable for lengths less than the maximum diameter of the puddle. Maximum diameter of the puddle: 104 meters Orange: 79 meters --- (110 ppm = PAC-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because dispersion

YES Enviro Solutions195M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT predictions areunreliable for lengths less than the maximum diameter of the puddle. Maximum diameter of the puddle: 104 meters Yellow: 585 meters --- (10 ppm = PAC-1)

Flammable area of vapour cloud For 25 mm puncture SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Circular Opening Diameter: 2.5 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Ground Type: Default soil Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 864 grams/min (averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released: 29.1 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an

YES Enviro Solutions196M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 21 meters.

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud Model Run: Gaussian Red : 10 meters --- (7200 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: 10 meters --- (1200 ppm = 10% LEL) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

For 50 mm puncture SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full

YES Enviro Solutions197M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Circular Opening Diameter: 5 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Ground Type: Default soil Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 3.25 kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released: 109 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 41 meters.

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud Model Run: Gaussian Red : 20 meters --- (7200 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: 21 meters --- (1200 ppm = 10% LEL) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

YES Enviro Solutions198M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

For catastrophic rupture SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Circular Opening Diameter: 126 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Ground Type: Default soil Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 23.6 kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released: 1,315 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 104 meters.

THREAT ZONE:

YES Enviro Solutions199M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud Model Run: Gaussian Red : 52 meters --- (7200 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because dispersion predictions are unreliable for lengths less than the maximum diameter of the puddle. Maximum diameter of the puddle: 104 meters Yellow: 52 meters --- (1200 ppm = 10% LEL) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because dispersion predictions are unreliable for lengths less than the maximum diameter of the puddle. Maximum diameter of the puddle: 104 meters

Pool fire For 25 mm puncture SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from tank Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full

YES Enviro Solutions200M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Circular Opening Diameter: 2.5 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Max Flame Length: 6 meters Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Burn Rate: 23 kilograms/min Total Amount Burned: 1,351 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed a burning puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 3.2 meters.

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec) Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec) Yellow: 14 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

YES Enviro Solutions201M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

For 50 mm puncture SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from tank Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Circular Opening Diameter: 5 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Max Flame Length: 10 meters Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Burn Rate: 91.9 kilograms/min Total Amount Burned: 5,402 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed a burning puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 6.3 meters.

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 13 meters --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)

YES Enviro Solutions202M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Orange: 18 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec) Yellow: 26 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

For catastrophic rupture SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from tank Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Circular Opening Diameter: 126 centimeters Opening is 1.50 meters from tank bottom Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Max Flame Length: 60 meters Burn Duration: 3 minutes Max Burn Rate: 17,500 kilograms/min Total Amount Burned: 34,354 kilograms Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed a burning puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 88 meters.

YES Enviro Solutions203M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 137 meters --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec) Orange: 188 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec) Yellow: 286 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

BLEVE: pressure inside tank is considered 1 atm. SOURCE STRENGTH: BLEVE of flammable liquid in vertical cylindrical tank Tank Diameter: 2.52 meters Tank Length: 10 meters Tank Volume: 49,876 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Storage Temperature: 37° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 44.4 tons Tank is 100% full Internal Pressure at Failure: 1 atmospheres Percentage of Tank Mass in Fireball: 0.045% Fireball Diameter: 15 meters Burn Duration: 2 seconds Pool Fire Diameter: 120 meters Burn Duration: 44 seconds Flame Length: 105 meters

YES Enviro Solutions204M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from fireball Red : 236 meters --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec) Orange: 327 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec) Yellow: 501 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

The toxic area vapour/cloud, flammable area vapour cloud, pool fire and Bleve are given below: For toxic Area vapour cloud Chemical name Scenario PAC – 3 PAC – 2 PAC – 1 LDO 25 mm 10 m 15 m 94 m 50 mm 20 m 29 m 188 m Catastrophic 52 m 79 m 585 m

Flammable area vapour cloud Chemical name Scenario 60 % LEL 10 % LEL LDO 25 mm 10 m 10 m 50 mm 20 m 21 m Catastrophic 52 m 52 m

Pool fire Chemical name Scenario 10.0 kw/sq 5.0 kw/sq 2.0 kw/sq LDO 25 mm < 10 m < 10 m < 10 m 50 mm 13 m 18 m 26 m Catastrophic 137 m 188 m 286 m

YES Enviro Solutions205M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Bleve: Chemical name Scenario 10.0 kw/sq 5.0 kw/sq 2.0 kw/sq LDO -- 236 m 327 m 501 m

From the above study and details, it can be concluded that the maximum distance affected is 501 meters for skin burns and this is within the premises of the facility only. However, the control measures have been proposed to mitigate the situation.

7.7 VECTOR CONTROL MEASURES Ae. aegypti uses a wide range of confined larval habitats, both man-made and natural. However, it may not be feasible or cost-effective to attempt to control the immature stages in all such habitats at the site. Some man-made container habitats produce large numbers of adult mosquitoes, whereas others are less productive. Consequently, control efforts should target the habitats that are most productive and hence epidemiologically more important rather than all types of container, especially when there are major resource constraints. The choice of approach should be effective, practicable and appropriate to local circumstances.

Improvements in, and maintenance of, site infrastructure and basic services contribute to the reduction in available larval habitats since large Ae. aegypti populations are often associated with poor water supply and inadequate sanitation and waste disposal services.

RISK CONTROL MEASURES SUGGESTED The following risk control measures to be ensured, which would bring the risk to ALARP limits:  Trained workman and staff and also ensuring periodical refreshers course  Conducting periodical inspection, maintenance of equipments, vehicles, site conditions and ensure high degree of safety commitment  Fire water pumps shall installed along with adequate water storage capacity  Ensure preventive maintenance schedule of products pumps are conforming to O&M Standards  Ensure Inspection and Maintenance of Pipelines of Boiler and other related equipments

YES Enviro Solutions206M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Periodical inspection and calibration of various types of electronic instruments shall be followed.  Ensure effective monitoring of the power plant safety  Effective house keeping  Gas monitoring equipments connected to the alarm (Toxic & flammable gases)

Conclusion After the detailed study and the consequence being high in case of boiler explosion and other hazards is high, however the frequency is very-very low and in the acceptable range. Risk control measures suggested in the additional risk control measures need to be ensured to bring down the risk level to ALARP region.

All possible environment aspects have been adequately assessed and necessary control measures have been formulated to meet statutory requirements. Thus implementing the proposed project will not have any appreciable negative impacts. Moreover, the landfill area requirement will reduce significantly as the about 75% to 80% of solid waste will be converted into usable form and only inerts (20-25%) would be sent for disposal at landfill site. This would save upon the future requirements of area for land filling. Generation of green power would be an added advantage.

Recommendations:  Risk assessment has been carried out for the facility and adjoining areas. The level of risk of those contours is of ‘Medium’ category and isacceptable.  No contour with high risk values due to fire and explosion of boiler / equipments extends beyond the plant area.  Fatality risk to an individual within the plant is much less than outside. This is expected and normal to emergency plan. Personnel in the facility are exposed to highest risk. Proper safety measures and good engineering and maintenance (including housekeeping) go a long way in minimizing such risk.  However, Risk is a statistical concept, which assumes average and random failure data and even if risk is acceptable as stated above, accident may happen resulting various degrees of injuries, fatalities to people etc. In view of the above, the following recommendations are offered for compliance.  All safety precautions (SOP etc.) may be observed in the plant.

YES Enviro Solutions207M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Flanges / other possible leakage points of pipelines may be properly maintained to avoid any leakage. This is particularly applicable for hydrogen, which is the smallest size of gas.

7.8 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM Fire protection system will be provided as per TAC Guidelines and other standard norms. For 2 every 100 m area of plant, one DCP type and one CO2 type fire extinguisher will be provided. “No Smoking” and hazard / danger warning stickers will be put up at appropriate places. All personnel deployed for the construction, erection and operation of MSW Power plant will be given proper training for fire drill. Emergency numbers will also be put up at appropriate places. Empty fuel drums / tanks and other inflammable material will be kept at an earmarked place and removed from the premises as soon as possible. Storage yard for chemicals and fuel lubricants will also be provided with fire extinguishers and sand bucket racks.

7.9DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN EMERGENCY RESPONSE A) DANGEROUS SITUATIONS These are defined as the following:  Earthquake  Storm  Any fire or explosion in the facility  Any fire in the service buildings  Fire or explosion in the boiler area  Fire in the Municipal Waste storage area  Exercise fire drill.

Emergency prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of occurrence and consequential effect of such eventualities. However, it is not possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment or human errors, omissions and unsafe acts cannot be ruled out. An essential part of major hazard control has therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such Emergency and restoration of normalcy at the earliest. Emergency prevention through good

YES Enviro Solutions208M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

design, operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of occurrence and consequential effect of such eventualities. However, it is not possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment or human errors, omissions and unsafe acts cannot be ruled out. An essential part of major hazard control has therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such Emergency and restoration of normalcy at the earliest. The overall objective of a disaster management plan is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following: 1. To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it. 2. To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property. 3. Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties. 4. Safeguard other people. 5. Evacuate people to safe areas. 6. Informing and collaborating with statutory authorities. 7. Provide authoritative information to news media. 8. Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control. 9. Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency. 10. Investigating and taking steps to prevent reoccurrence.

The DMP has therefore to be related to the identification of sources from which hazards can arise and the maximum credible loss scenario that can take place in the concerned area. The plan takes into account the maximum credible loss scenario - actions that can successfully mitigate the effects of losses/ Emergency need to be well planned so as they would require less effort and resources to control and terminate emergencies, should the same occur.

ACTUATION OF THE PLAN Any emergency starts as a small incident that may become a major accident if not controlled in time. At the initial stages, the fire organization chart (would be prepared separately for each facility) shall need to be put into action. If the incident goes beyond control, the Main Incident Controller will need to actuate the on-site plan at the appropriate stage as considered necessary. During idle shift/ holidays, the security personnel will combat the incident as per the fire organization chart below and at the same time inform various emergency controllers for guidance and control the situation. An organogram needs to be drawn once the site is operational by appointing key personnel and defining their specific duties that will be handy in emergency.

YES Enviro Solutions209M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

EMERGENCY RESPONSE A) DANGEROUS SITUATIONS These are defined as the following: • Any fire or explosion in the facility • Any fire in the service buildings • Fire or explosion in the boiler area • Fire in the Municipal Waste storage area • Exercise fire drill.

B) ACTIONS IN THE EVENT OF FIRE • Basic actions as detailed above. • Extinguishing fires: A small fire at a point of leakage should be extinguished by enveloping with a water spray or a suitable smothering agent such as CO2 or DCP. Fire fighting personnel working in or close to un-ignited vapor clouds or close to fire, must be protected continuously by water sprays. Fire fighters should advance towards the fire downwind if possible- BE

CAREFUL TO AVOID H2S EXPOSURE. • In case the only valve that can be used to stop the leakage is surrounded by fire, it may be possible to close it manually. The person attempting the closure should be continuously protected by water sprays, fire entry suit, water jet blanket and SCBAs etc. The person must be equipped with a safety belt and a manned lifeline. In case of rapid increase in decibel level, evacuate the area, as there would have been over pressurization.

C) RESPONSE SEQUENCE FOR DANGEROUS SITUATIONS 1. Person noticing the fire should attempt to isolate and extinguish the fire with the available equipment and inform or arrange to inform the leader/ senior representative regarding the;

• Location of the fire • What is burning? • The extent of fire • Callers name and number • Do not disconnect unless the person on the other side repeats the message or acknowledges it.

YES Enviro Solutions210M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

2. Security on duty coordinators will (i) Respond to the scene of the incident (ii) Arrange to send the necessary fire fighting equipment to the scene of the incident (iii) Extinguish the fire with the available equipment.

3. Security Officer will: (i) Sound the Siren as per the Siren Code (ii) Inform the Site Main / Incident Controller and act as per his instructions (iii) To ensure closure of gates immediately to regulate traffic in such a way that free movement of outside assistance like fire tenders, ambulance etc. is available.

4. Security should cordon off the area and local city fire fighting staff should be notified. The facility will have the firefighting water system but may not be equipped with staff to operate it. Local fire fighters may need to be notified.

5. All Other Management / Asst./ Labour Staff on hearing the siren, should STOP their operations/ work, switch off lights, fans, engines, air conditioners etc., close all doors, pipeline valves and line up in front of their working places and meet at a prearranged location. These people will assist in evacuating the residents if necessary.

D) POST EMERGENCY FOLLOW UP  All cases of fire occurrence, no matter how small, must be reported promptly to the coordinator for follow up.  Under no circumstances should fire extinguishing equipment once used be returned to its fixed location before it is recharged/ certified fit by the Fire chief/ Safety Manager.  Used fire extinguishers must be laid horizontally to indicate that they have been expended.

E) EARLY WARNING / ALARM SYSTEM An audible electric alarm (siren) should be located in the main gate. The different sounds that should be generated by the alarm are:

SMALL FIRE: No Siren

YES Enviro Solutions211M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

MAJOR FIRE: A wailing Siren for two minutes. Sirens will be sounded three times for thirty seconds with an interval of 15 seconds in between EMERGENCY: Same type of Siren as in case of major fire but the same will be sounded for three times at the interval of two minutes. ALL CLEAR (For Fire): Straight Run Siren for two minutes. TEST: Straight run Siren for two minutes.

7.9.1 EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE (ECC) The Control Room will be nominated as the ECC. At the time of the emergency On-site Controller assisted by other designated coordinators shall take position to perform their duties. The security office at the gate shall be the standby. The Emergency Control Center will be the focal point in case of an emergency from where the overall operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will be located outside the area of potential hazards and easily approachable. The Emergency Control Center should have the following resources available:  Copies of the DMP  Layout Plan of the complex.  Information regarding Safety Equipment, Fire Fighting material  A list of telephones of key and essential staff of the company along with their residential numbers.  Copies of the local Telephone Directories.  A list of important telephone numbers like those of neighboring industries, Fire  Brigade, Hospitals etc.  Personal Protective Equipment.  First – Aid Kit.  Communication equipment – Internal and External telephones and other communication equipment.  Requisite stationary items.  Personnel to act as messengers.

The communication equipment is checked periodically to ensure that they are functional. The ECC is capable of being activated within a few minutes upon declaration of an emergency.

YES Enviro Solutions212M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

DANGEROUS SITUATIONS These are defined as the following:  Any fire or explosion in the facility  Any fire in the service buildings  Fire or explosion in the boiler area  Fire in the MSW storage area  Exercise fire drill.

7.9.2 MEDICAL RESOURCES The medical management for the possible emergency situations essentially consists of treatment for burns and maybe some asphyxiation cases. They could cause burns injuries. All the relevant information would also be available at the facility to enable ready treatment of any casualty, should the unfortunate need arise. It is also proposed to circulate any important Health and Toxicology material available through the latest research to all Doctors.

7.9.3 RESPONSE EVALUATION, TESTING AND UPDATING OF THE PLAN Formulation of a Disaster Management Plan cannot possibly be an end by itself. It needs to be tested by holding of periodical mock emergency simulation and drill. Any shortcomings revealed during such exercise should thereafter be corrected by amending the plan. The plan should be for times to come; hence, it must be reviewed at periodic intervals. The plan should be also reviewed and updated when:  Major alteration or extension of plant is carried out.  Major change in habitation or land use of the neighborhood takes place.  Important telephone numbers used are altered, facilities are changed.

Mock drills activating the Disaster Preparedness Plan will be conducted periodically for ensuring its efficiency during emergency as well as for refinement and updation. These drills based on the plan will help achieve its objectives.

Conclusion 1. Individual Risk: Very less as centrally operated through control room automation 2. Societal Risk: Residential dwellings around 10kms of facility due to fumes/ smokes 3. Failure Frequency Data: All the equipments undergo periodic inspection & testing as per standards, hence chances are minimal & acceptable

YES Enviro Solutions213M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

4. Additional Failure pipe lines, flange, values: All the equipments, fittings, pipelines are inspected & tested periodically for any defeats. Any abnormality can be detected early. Hence, the chances are minimal and acceptable.

Risk Level of Failure Scenarios Risk Levels for the following maximum credible scenario are below: Risk Scenario about the Equipment and also the

TOXIC AREA VAPOUR CLOUD FLAMMABLE AREA VAPOUR CLOUD

RISK ACCEPTANCE In India, there are no defined criteria for risk acceptance. However, in IS 15656 – Code of Practice for Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis. The Extracts for the risk criteria adopted in some countries are presented below:

YES Enviro Solutions214M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

Figure No.7.2:Risk acceptance criteria

YES Enviro Solutions215M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 8

PROJECT BENEFITS 8. GENERAL The Proposed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Electricity Generating Project at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi has been planned with a view to reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed municipal waste as landfill, thereby complying with the various regulations of scientific management of MSW of Delhi as well as the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). The tangible and intangible benefits of the proposed project are as follows:

8.1 Conservation of land resources The amount of available land for landfill in Delhi is finite. Further, it is not a sustainable option to simply dump MSW into landfill. The proposed project will reduce burden on landfill by efficient use of MSW in conversion of electricity.

8.2 Improvement in Health and Hygiene The project will utilize approx. 2000 TPD of MSW. Utilization of such a huge quantum of MSW in the “W t E” plant will improve the sanitary and hygiene condition of residents of SDMC area. Further, it will enhance the environmental aesthetics due to avoidance of landfill mound.

8.3 Improvement in social infrastructure This project will improve power situation of Delhi by adding 25 MW to the grid.

8.4 Employment Potential During construction and operation of the project, unskilled, semiskilled and skilled people would be required. Thus creating new job opportunities. Other section of people are benefitted indirectly by the project through their business to supply the materials required in the project. This will improve the living standard of society & will provide safe & hygienic surrounding.

YES Enviro Solutions 216 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 INTRODUCTION Identification and prediction of impacts needs to suggest the mitigation measures which would play a vital role in prevention of environmental degradation during construction and operational phase of the project. Therefore preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP), EMP forms an important part of EIA process.

9.2 CONTENTS OF EMP A typical EMP composed of the following: 1. Summary of potential impacts of the proposal- Details are given in Table-9.1. 2. Description of recommended mitigation measures-Details are given in Table-9.1. 3. Description of monitoring programme to ensure compliance with relevant standards and residual impacts –Given in Chapter-6.

Table No. 9.1: Summary of impacts and its mitigation measures

S. Environmental Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures No. components Construction phase Operation phase 1. Soil  Soil Management of waste as per  Green belt development. Contamination. C & D Management Rule  Fly ash will be used for brick  Soil erosion. 2016. making to avoid soil  Solid waste (a) Minimum land required contamination. generation. for main plant and civil  The quenched bottom ash will structures will be levelled be processed in a plant to keep soil disturbance similar to C&D plant. bare minimum.  Management of waste as per (b) The fertile part of soil will C & D Management Rule be preserved for utilization 2016, Hazardous Waste during horticulture. Management Rule, 2016.

YES Enviro Solutions 217 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Good house-keeping of the industrial premises.

2. Air Air pollution  Sprinkling of water.  Installation of air pollution  Use of PUC certified control devices for vehicles. particulate matter and  Transportation of material gaseous pollutants. through covered vehicles  Odour- The odour control only. fragrance materials used in  Use of machinery of the odour control system by

reputed make up. using air solution methods.

3. Surface Water Surface water  Proper steps will be taken All the effluents from various contamination to avoid surface water sections will be brought to contamination. common collection pit for  Excavation or levelling treatment and recycled and will be done during non- reused in the plant for various rainy season only. purposes.  Proper plan for management of construction waste.  Proper sanitation facilities will be provided to construction workers.

4. Ground Water Ground Water  No withdrawal of  No ground water abstraction

YES Enviro Solutions 218 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

depletion and groundwater for for operation of the plant. contamination construction purpose. STP treated water from DJB  Run off water from will be source of water construction site will be supply, hence no impact. collected in a pit and  All the drains will be reused for sprinkling on properly cemented to avoid road. contamination.  Hazardous materials will be stored under cover.

5. Socioeconomic Disruption of road  Trained driver will be  Trained driver will be traffic allowed for handling of allowed for handling of material material  Training will be provided  Training will be provided to to drivers drivers  Local people will get  Parking provision will be Positive impact on priority for unskilled provided at site. employment labour.  Local will get priority for skilled as well as unskilled labour.  Providing adequate Occupational  Providing health inspection sanitary facilities to Hazard and vaccination personnel and the workers  Periodic health checkup  Providing health  Workers will be trained to inspection and follows safety norms vaccination.  PPE will be provide to the  Adopt appropriate safety workers measures provide first aid  ESI hospital available within facility to workers.

YES Enviro Solutions 219 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Provide training to 1 km from plant premises workers hence hospital facility is not required inside.

6 Ecology Depletion of  Compensatory trees will 30m wide green belt will be ecology be planted in consultation planted. with Delhi Forest Officer. Compensatory trees will be  30m wide green belt will planted in consultation with be planted. Delhi Forest Officer

9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE Following EMP will be implemented during construction phase:

9.3.1 Land Environment  It is proposed to maintain 30 m wide greenbelt around the project site.  Compensatory plantation will be done 10 ten times the trees cut and maintenance will be taken care for 5 years by Delhi Forest Department and shall also provide sufficient land available for compensatory plantation.  The top soil excavated during construction will be first temporarily stored in an area earmarked place and reutilized during plantation.

9.3.2 Water Environment The surface water quality will be impacted marginally for very short duration during rainy season.

Mitigation Measures  Excavation during dry season and proper management of excavated soils.  Clearing all debris from site as soon as construction is over.  By providing proper hutment and toilet facilities for construction labor.

YES Enviro Solutions 220 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 A well planned solid waste management plan will be followed during the construction phase including timely collection, segregation and disposal as per legal requirements. Storage facility of any lubricant etc. will be provided under cover and the runoff from such areas will be collected separately.  During construction phase the runoff water from construction site will be collected in a pit and reused for dust suppression etc.  During construction of civil infrastructures after liberal curing on the first day.

9.3.3 Air Environment The possible sources contributing to air pollution during construction are, dust generation from earth work (during site clearance and preparation), emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines; vehicles exhaust, unloading of material at the site and mixing of cement with other building materials.

Mitigation measure Regular water sprinkling will be done to mitigate fugitive emissions. During windy days and peak summer season i.e May & June sprinkling will be increased. It is proposed to provide adequate dust control systems in the form of installation of batch plants, and loose material handling in covered sheds. Plantation of trees around the periphery will be maintained. All the vehicles carrying raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin/plastic sheet.

9.3.4 Noise Environment The major activity which are likely to increase ambient noise levels during construction phase are, foundation work, generation of noise during movement of vehicles carrying materials and loading & unloading activities, excavation machines, concrete mixer and other construction machines, concreting, hammering, etc.

Mitigation Measures  Noise generating equipment will be used during day time.  Wherever possible the noise generating equipments will be kept away from the human habitations.  All the vehicles entering into the project site will be informed to maintain speed limits and not to blow horns unless it is required.

YES Enviro Solutions 221 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 The workers involved in operating major noise generating equipments will be provided with personal protective equipment like ear plugs/ear muffs etc.

9.3.5 Ecology To mitigate the impact, it is proposed to maintain 30 m wide greenbelt around the project site. Further, compensatory plantation will be done 10 ten times the trees cut and maintenance will be taken care for 5 years by Delhi Forest Department.

9.3.6 Solid Waste Management The construction waste includes debris, concrete (often recycled and reused at the site), steel and other metals, pallets, packaging and paper products, fluorescent tubes, wood beams, railings, brick, etc. All wastes generated during the construction phase will be collected and segregated for disposal as per norms.

9.3.7 Construction Camp The temporary labor camps at the site will be provided with clean drinking water, adequate toilet facilities and solid waste disposal system. Other safety precautions will be provided like PPEs, guarding of dangerous machine parts, maintenance of equipments as hoists and lifts etc, and adequate provision of different types of fire extinguishers will be made. All applicable rules and regulations pertaining to workplace health and welfare of workers will be adhered to.

9.3.8 Transport Linkage and Traffic During construction phase, some impact is anticipated on the transport linkage of the area due to movement of vehicle for bringing men and material to the site.

Mitigation Through careful planning, the movement of the heavy vehicles will be scheduled to reduce load on existing traffic such that the peak hours will be avoided. It shall also be ensured that all the

YES Enviro Solutions 222 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

vehicles to the site will be provided with Parking space such that there is no waiting time along the access roads.

9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR OPERATION PHASE 9.4.1 Land Environment During the operation phase of the project, the soil may get polluted/ contaminated from littering of various kinds of municipal wastes, leakage of leachates and due to flyash or bottom ash.

Mitigation Measures  To ensure against any chances of soil pollution, it is imperative to establish a well-planned solid waste collection, storage and segregation system at site.  Only covered trucks will be allowed to enter the premises for unloading of materials, good housing keeping will help to control contamination of soil.  For the utilization of fly ash an automatic Brick/ interlocking paver plant will be installed. The capacity of the brick plant will be designed to utilize all the fly ash generated.  The quenched bottom ash will be lead to bottom ash processing plant which is similar to C&D plant. The process involves segregation, size reduction and screening for fine recovery. This will reduce the amount of inert bottom ash to landfill. After the processing which are not recyclable will be sent to sanitary land fill.

9.4.2 Air Environment Fugitive Emissions Fugitive emission may take place from vehicular movement and handling of fly ash.

Mitigation Measures  Regular water sprinkling will be done in the ash handling area especially during dry season.  Proper route management of the traffic will be done for smooth ingress and egress of traffic.  Supervisors will be appointed to regulate the traffic at the project sites and drivers will be properly trained.  Speed breakers will be constructed in accident prone areas to calm the traffic and its speed.

YES Enviro Solutions 223 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

 Signposts will be erected at the sensitive and precarious places to caution or provide information to road users. All the vehicles will be used after getting PUC certificate.

9.4.3 Water environment During the operation phase, source of water will be Treated STP water from Okhla DJB.

Mitigation  Complete water system is designed as on zero discharge concept.  The concentrate from leachate treatment will be used for bottom ash quenching. Blow down water from boiler and cooling system will be neutralized and after treatment will be utilized for various purposes.  Sewage of the plant premises will be channelized to DJB sewerage system.  The leachate will be treated in leachate treatment plant based on thermal technology. The condensate water of this plant will be recycled for bottom ash quenching and concentrate will be used in the incinerator.

9.4.4 Noise Environment During operation phase the main noise generating sources are turbines, generators, boilers feed pumps, air compressor, cooling tower etc.

Mitigation Measures  The various machines will be designed to keep noise level 85 dB at a distance of one meter.  High noise generating machineries will be provided proper enclosure to attenuate noise level.  Persons handling noisy equipment or working in noisy places will be provided with ear plugs and earmuffs.  To achieve the far field noise, various noise generating equipments will be fitted with appropriate devices to control the noise levels e.g. steam vent pipes shall be fitted with silencers.  A 30m green belt will be provided to provide noise attenuation.

YES Enviro Solutions 224 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

9.4.5 Ecological Impact To enhance the environmental aesthetics of the plant premises and surrounding following mitigative measures will be implemented:

 After completion of construction works of the project the plant site will be properly landscaped with gram shrubs and trees.  Avenue plantation will be undertaken along road side.  A 30m wide green belt in the premises will be planted with local species with aesthetic appeal that will attract local bird and insect species. Plantation will be done as per the CPCB guideline.

9.4.6 Solid Waste Management Ash is the main solid waste generated from the plant approx. fly ash 25 Ton, Bottom ash 275 Tons will be generated from this plant. For the utilization of fly ash an automatic plant for Brick/ interlocking paver will be installed. The capacity of the brick plant will be designed to utilize all the fly ash generated. The quenched bottom ash will be lead to bottom ash processing plant which is similar to C&D plant. The process involves segregation, size reduction and screening for fine recovery. This reduces the amount of inert bottom to landfill. After the processing which are not recyclable will be sent to sanitary land fill. The concentrate from the leachate treatment plant will be dried and used in the boiler for burning purpose.

9.4.7 Transport Linkage and Traffic Increase in traffic may result in obstruction of existing traffic near site.

Mitigation Measures Approx. 250 trucks will be approaching the project site for transporting 2000 Ton of MSW per day. It is estimated that 1 truck will take 5 minutes to unload material and return back. This shows that per hours 12 trucks will reach site. To manage the traffic problem of the area, it is recommended to have 2 entry and 2 exit to divert the traffic. Besides specific hault location will be provided near site, so that, this will not hamper the existing traffic.

YES Enviro Solutions 225 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

9.5 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION During construction phase water sprinkling at site, maintenance of vehicle and equipment’s, arrangement of water supply, provision of safe environment condition for labours, disposal of construction debris, proper management of waste generated from labour camp will be handled by construction group. Providing of acoustic enclosure, PPE training to workers will be handled by EHS group of the company.

During operation phase project handling of bag filter, dust control measures, Ash management, handling of cooling towers and handling of water from various process of the plant, treatment of sewage, provision of rain water harvesting and maintenance, trainings to the workers, control of fire hazard, laboratory, green belt development and solar power generation will be handled by EHS team and environment engineer’s team.

YES Enviro Solutions 226 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

9.6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT An Environmental Management Group (EMG) will be created with adequate man power. The Environment engineer and Safety engineer will work under project head. Environmental related issues will handled by the Environmental engineer, whereas safety drills and other safe working conditions will be handled by safety officer. The hierarchy of EMG is given below:

PROJECT HEAD (1)

ENVIRONMENT SAFETY ENGINEER (1) ENGINEER (1)

CHEMIST (3) FIELD STAFF (2)

Fig No. 9.1 Institutional Arrangements

9.7 AWARENESS & TRAINING Environmental awareness & training of human resource development is an important link to achieve sustainable operation of the facility and environmental management. For successful implementation of the EMP plan, relevant EMPs need to be communicated to the staff. Relevant personnel at site must be trained for the following:

. Functioning of the Environmental Management System including environmental monitoring, reporting and documentation needs.

. Applicable environmental, health and safety regulations and compliance requirements for the same.

YES Enviro Solutions 227 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

. Techniques for waste minimization, water conservation and energy conservation

. Operation and maintenance of various air and water pollution control system.

. Requirements of the Disaster Management Plan in case of an emergency.

9.8 RECORD KEEPING & REPORTING Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool for ensuring sustainable environmental operation of the industry. Records should be maintained for regulatory, monitoring and operational issues. Typical record keeping particulars for the plant site is summarized in Table-9.2

Table 9.2 RECORD KEEPING PARTICULARS Parameter Particulars Solid Waste Handling  Daily quantity of waste handling and Disposal  No of and weight of trucks

Regulatory Licenses  Environmental Permits / Consents from SPCB / MoEF&CC (Environmental)  Copy of waste manifests as per requirement

Monitoring and Survey  Records of all monitoring carried out as per the finalized monitoring protocol.

Accident reporting  Date and time of the accident

 Sequence of events leading to accident.

 Chemical datasheet assessing effect of accident on health and environment

 Emergency measure taken

 Step to prevent recurrence of such events

Other  Log book of complaints

YES Enviro Solutions 228 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHI Draft EIA/EMP REPORT

Parameter Particulars  Employee environmental, health and safety records

 Equipment inspection and calibration records, where applicable

 Vehicle maintenance & inspection records

9.8 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST Table No. : 9.3 Environment Management Cost Sl. No. Description of Item Estimated Cost (Rs. in Crores) 1. FGS System 12.0 2. Stack (Chimney) 1.5 3. Air Cool condensers 6.5 4. Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) 4.0 5. Compensatory tree plantation 24 6. To ridge development board 21.0 7. Green Belt at plant premises 0.50 8. Environmental Monitoring 0.60

YES Enviro Solutions 229 M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 INTRODUCTION The advent of industrialization, growing urbanization and population, and expanding gross domestic product (GDP), has increased the generation ofwaste dramatically. The composition and amount of generated waste is a visible expression of civilization and a way to measure the standard of living of nations. In fact, the amount of waste generated by households, agriculture, and industries in our country seems gravely linked to population increases and rising GDP. The gigantic amounts of waste that are hauled to dumps and accumulate in heaps and open pits have grown to become a major environmental issue. Landfilling is still the world's most widely used method for managing and treating waste. This practice has detrimental effects on the environment: land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, groundwater pollution, odor, and aesthetics. In cases where landfilling is impractical and no space is available, electricity from waste is the preferred method to reduce the volumes of waste. The landfill dump site has collapsed sometimes due to over dumping of waste.

The dumping in landfills is an unsustainable method for getting rid of waste and conversion of energy from waste has been found to be suitable means of depositing it. However, industrialized areas have adopted regulations to divert waste from landfills through recycling, treatment, and materials and energy recovery. In addition, economic conditions and regulated markets have stimulated the use of waste as a resource and a source of energy. Waste-to- Electricity (WTE) encompasses methods to extract the valuable energy entrapped in waste for the production of electricity and heat. Waste collected in city contains a large amount of biological and renewable materials. It is therefore a source of renewable energy. As a consequence, energy-from-waste contributes to energy security and diversification, and matches the growing demand for renewable energy in a carbon constrained world. The objectives of this project are:

1. This project is green initiative for electricity production. 2. To reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill and to meet the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). 3. Recently a serious mishap occurred when a part of Gazipur landfill site located in the area of East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC) collapsed because of over dumping of waste. To avert such crises and in compliance with SWM Rule, 2016 the SDMC has engaged IIT Delhi for assisting the corporation in the process of remediation/scientific capping/closure of the existing dumpsite at SLF Okhla. Hence new project Waste to Electricity is proposed at Okhla.

YES Enviro Solutions230M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT 4. The municipal solid waste generated in Delhi is about 9,400 MT of municipal solid waste at the rate of 0.50 kg/capita/day. Out of this, nearly 3,500 MT of waste remains untreated and has to be dumped/processed at some site. The landfill/dumping sites have already exceeded the prescribed limit of height and has severe consequences on environment, health and hygiene. The dumps have attained the height of over 40 meter as opposed to the permissible limit of 20 meter. South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) is currently collecting about 3,250 t/d of waste and is managing the waste disposal through:  Supply of about 1,400 t/d to the TOWML W t E project  Supply of about 150 t/d to the Okhla composting plant and  Balance 1,700 t/d to landfill

Project Proponent proposes to develop “Waste to Electricity (WtE) Plant at Tehkhand Okhla (25MW)” with a view to reduce the problem associated with disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill, thereby complying with the various regulations of scientific method of landfill as well as the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM).

Subsequently, the work of EIA studies has been awarded to M/s Yes Enviro Solution, Noida by SDMC. M/s Yes Enviro Solutions is a QCI approved consultancy for conducting EIA studies for Category A Thermal Power Project (QCI approval dated 13th Oct, 2017). Same has been intimated to MOEF&CC by SDMC vide letter dated 01/03/2018 (Annexure-I).

10.2 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS As per EIA Notification, 2006 & its amendments, all electricity generating units of capacity > 20 MW (using municipal solid non-hazardous waste as fuel) will be treated as Category-A project and will require Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC. Further, in the proposed project, general conditions are also applicable as the site is within 5 km radius of Asola Wild Life Sanctuary, Okhla Bird Sanctuary ESZ, Delhi-Haryana Interstate Boundary, Aravalli ESZ and Critically Polluted Okhla Industrial Area. Therefore, project requires to obtain Environmental Clearance from the MoEF&CC. Capacity of proposed project is 25 MW, hence a draft Environment Impact Assessment Report has been considered mandatory for the Public

YES Enviro Solutions231M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT Hearing. The EIA report would facilitate in obtaining Environmental Clearance (EC) from the MoEF&CC for the project.

10.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is proposed to be located at Tehkhand, Okhla, South Delhi, Delhi. The Co-ordinates of the project site are as follows: a) 280 30’ 35.373”N 770 16’ 50.82” E b) 280 30’ 32.409”N 770 16’ 56.59” E c) 280 30’ 23.08”N 770 16’ 50.96” E d) 280 30’ 25.494”N 770 16’ 44.93” E

The land requirement for the project is 15 acres. The land has been handed over by DDA to SDMC. The project site has been examined and cleared by Hon’ble Supreme Court, Central Empowered Committee and Ridge Management Board.

Table No. 10.1: Salient Features of the Project

S. No. Information Details 1. Projectnameand “Waste to Electricity (W t E) Plant (25 MW)” is located at Location Tehkhand, Okhla,South Delhi. 2. Capacity 25MW 3. NameofClient M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED 4. General Protected Area-AsolaWildLifeSanctuary&Okhla BirdSanctuary. Conditions Critically Polluted-OkhlaIndustrialArea. Interstate Boundary of Delhi-Haryana. EcoSensitiveZone: - AravalliESZ,OkhlaESZ& AsolaESZ. Site location Village Tehkhand,Okhla District SouthEast Delhi State Delhi Water DuringtheConstructionphase–Treated sewage water fromDelhiJal Requirement Board. Duringoperationphase-490KLDoftreated sewagewaterfrom Okhla STP, DelhiJalBoard.

YES Enviro Solutions232M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT 5. PowerSupplyan Duringconstructionphase-Powerwillbesupplied by BSES d its Source 6. Project Cost INR375 Cr. 7. NearestRailway Tughlaqabad Railway Stationisaround1.45 kmintheEast-South- Station East direction.

8. NearestMetro Tughlaqabad MetroStationisaround 1.86kmintheEast-South-East Station direction.

Proposed Fuel: Refuge derived fuel prepared from Municipal Solid Waste. Technology: Combustion for steam generation and steam turbo generator for power generation. Processing plant design capacity: 2,000 t/d of as received MSW ± 20%. Design Capacity of Waste-to-Electricity plant capacity: 25 MW.

Table No. 10.2: Material Inventory of the Project

Connectivity NH-2 at the distance of 1.62 km in East direction from the project site. Nearest railway station is Tughlaqabad Railway Station at the distance of1.45 km in ESE direction. Nearest Metro station is Tughlaqabad MetroStationat the distance of1.86 km in ESE direction. Nearest Airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport- approx. 15.83 km in WNW direction.

YES Enviro Solutions233M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE STUDY AREA The study area has been classified into core zone and buffer zone comprising the project site and the area within a radius of 10 km from the project site, respectively. The study of the area has been done from the month of December 2017 and February 2018. The nearest river is Yamuna, which is 4.95 km in NE direction from the project site. AsolaWildLifeSanctuary, Jahanpanah Reserve Forest&Okhla BirdSanctuary are 1.65 km E, 3.30 Km WNW and 4.95 km in direction respectively.

10.4.1 Climate The climate of NCT Delhi is mainly influenced by its inland position and the prevalence of air of the continental type during the major part of the year. Extreme dryness with the intensely hot summer and cold winter are the characteristics of the climate. Only during the three-monsoon months July, August, and September does air of oceanic origin penetrate to this state and causes increased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation. The year can broadly be divided into four seasons. The cold season starts in late November and extends up to the beginning of March. This is followed by the hot season, which lasts till about the end of June when the monsoon arrives over the state. The monsoon continues to the last week of September. The two post monsoon months October and November constitute a transition period from the monsoon to winter condition.

10.4.2 Ambient Air Quality One season monitoring was done to assess the ambient air quality. Monitoring was carried out at 12 stations for the month of December 2017 to Feb 2018. IS – 5182 part 14, 2000 was followed as guideline for selection of ambient air monitoring stations. As per guidelines one location in upwind direction and another location in downwind direction of predominant wind direction is considered. The location of air quality monitoring stations are chosen, so as to satisfy the following conditions:

 The site should be representative of the area selected.  The station should be set up and operated so as to yield data that can be compared with those from stations within the network.

Table No. 10.3: Location of Air Quality Monitoring Stations Monitor Location Dist.From center Direction Criteriafor of site(km) Selection AAQMS1 Project Site 0 - -

YES Enviro Solutions234M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT AAQMS2 Okhla Phase-1 1km NW Critically Polluted Area/Industrial Zone, Upwind AAQMS3 DayalBaghColony 1.80km SE Downwind AAQMS4 TughlaqabadVillage 1.87km NW Archeological Site,Upwind AAQMS5 BadarpurVillage 2km E Residential Zone, Downwind AAQMS6 Badarpur Extension 2.40km SE Downwind AAQMS7 Okhlaphase-2 2.79km NW Critically Polluted Area/Industrial Zone, Upwind AAQMS8 AsolaWildlifeSanctuary 3.45km SW Wildlife Sanctuary AAQMS9 JasolaVihar 4.5km NE EcoSensitive Zone AAQMS10 SukhdevVihar 5.5km N Ref.NGT Order AAQMS11 Tilpat Village 7km SE Downwind AAQMS12 ShahpurGovardhanpurBa 8.25km E Downwind ngar

The study area represents industrial, residential and restrictedareas.12 AAQM stations were selected in and around project site covering upwind, downwind and crosswind directions and

PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and Hg were estimated in the ambient air. The methodology for sampling and analysis is adopted as per Central Pollution Control Board norms. The 98 3 3 percentile of PM2.5 concentration varies from 128.1 μg/m to 252.1 μg/m , PM10concentration 3 3 3 3 varies from 275.7 μg/m to 445.7 μg/m , SO2 concentration varies from 9.6 μg/m to 23.0 μg/m , NOx concentration varies from 31.3 μg/m3to 88.5 μg/m3, CO concentration varies from 1167.6 μg/m3to 3383.1 μg/m3and Hg was below detectable limit in the study area.

10.4.3 Noise Environment Noise levels were recorded during the day and night time to compute the equivalent noise levels. The noise level was recorded continuous for 24 hours at an interval of 1 hour. The noise level was monitored once during the study period at each monitoring location. The noise level is recorded in dB(A). Noise levels were measured at 12 locations near residential areas, high way, commercial areas and other settlements located within 10 km radius in and around the proposed plant area. The measured L10 values ranged from 57.98 dB(A) to 70.67 dB(A), L50 values ranged from 53.1 dB(A) to 64.3 dB(A), L90 values ranged from 45.38 dB(A) to 53.85 dB(A), LLeq values ranged from 55.32 dB(A) to 69.6 dB(A), Lday values ranged from 55.43 dB(A) to 65.8 dB(A) and Lnight

YES Enviro Solutions235M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT values ranged from 46.41 dB(A) to 55.27 dB(A). Noise levels at Dayalbagh colony, Tughaqabad village, Badarpur village, Sukhdevvihar and Tilpat village etc are exceeding the limits for residential areas. Noise levels at silence Zone i.e Asola Wildlife Sanctuary are also exceeding the limits.

10.4.4 Water Environment The total water requirement for the project during operation will be 490 KLD. The source of water is Okhla Sewage Treatment Plant, located at about 8 km from the site. The treated sewage water will be transported to the site through pipeline. Various options for routing the pipeline are being examined with a view to minimizing cost and complexity of the system. The water quality at the site and other locations within the 10 km impact zone was monitored during the study period. Surface water quality was analyzed for parameters as mentioned in the ‘Methods of Monitoring & Analysis published by CPCB and it was rated according to the CPCB Water Quality Criteria against A, B, C, D, & E class of water based on parameters identified in the criteria. The water quality in the impact zone was assessed through physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of ground and surface water samples. The results have been compared with the drinking water quality standards specified in IS: 10500: 2012. The procedure adopted for collection of sample was same as mentioned in IS standards.

Table No. 10.4: Location of Water Sampling S.No. Location Dist.fromcent Direction er of site(km)

GW1 NearProject Site 0 - GW2 Existing landfillsite 300m N GW3 Okhla Phase-1 1km NW GW4 TughlaqabadVillage 1.2km NW GW5 BadarpurVillage 2km N GW6 ShahpurGovardhanpurBangar 8.25km E SW1 Nallah(at site) 70m SE SW2 Nallah(at site) 120m E SW3 Nallah(at site) 140m S SW4 Canal(NearMolarband) 3km E SW5 BhuriyaNallah(Near 5.5km SE DLFIndustrialarea) SW6 YamunaRiver 6.19 E

10.4.4.1 Ground Water Quality

YES Enviro Solutions236M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT Observations made on the analytical results pertaining to all the locations reveal that pH ranged from 6.74 to 7.45. Turbidity of all ground water meets the permissible limits of 5 NTU. TDS value ranged between 536 mg/l (Tughlaqabad) to 1044 mg/l (Existing landfill). The chloride value of all the samples were recorded between 98 mg/l (Okhla phase-I) and 240 mg/l (Badarpur Village). Sulphate content in the ground water sample ranged from 42.2 mg/l (Okhla Phase-I) to 74.8 mg/l (SahpurGovardhanpurBangar) which are well within the desirable permissible limit. Fluoride content was found to be within desirable limit (from 0.74 mg/l to 0.98 mg/l) in all the water samples. Zinc content in the ground water samples were found within the desirable limit (i.e. 5 mg/l).Iron content at all the sampling locations ranged from 0.14 mg/l (ShahpurGovardhanpurBangar) to 0.28 mg/l (near project site). Values of other parameters like heavy metals are given below:- Hg at all location found to be <0.001mg/l, Cd at all location <0.002mg/l, Se at all locations <0.01mg/l, As<0.01mg/l at all locations, Cr6+ varies from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/l, Pb at all locations found to be <0.01mg/l &CN at all locations <0.05mg/l.

10.4.4.2 Surface Water Quality Monitored data of surface waterpertaining to all the locations reveals that pH values ranged from 7.29to 7.89, DO values were varied from <0.1 to 3.6 mg/l, COD values were observed from 212.5 to 475 mg/l, BOD values were observed from 92.4 to 288 mg/l, TDS values from 704 to 1147 in study samples. The total coliform was observed in the range of 70,000to 5,42,000MPN/100ml. The results of the parameters have been compared with the water quality criteria of CPCB. It is evident from the data that the water of Yamuna River falls in Class ‘E’ and of other locations are falling under below ‘E’. Bacteriological examination of surface water indicates the presence of high total coliform, which is due to human activities.

10.4.5. Land Environment The land for “WtE” project has been transferred by DDA to SDMC. DDA has changed the land use classification of the project site land to “UTILITY” from residential, commercial and recreational vide Gazette Notification dated 12th January, 2018. The land is free from all litigation and R&R issues. The land use pattern of the study area is mainly settlements, industrial agricultural land, vegetation and open land along Yamuna River. The total area is 32432.93 ha (100%) within 10 km, out of which settlement area is 14506.27 ha (44.73%), Water bodies- 237.91 ha (0.73%), dry channel-331.71 ha (1.02% ), River-1007.48 ha (3.11%), Vegetation-620.02 ha (1.91%), Forest/WLS-3646.33 ha (11.24%), Open land-1613.89 ha (4.98%), Open scrub-4298.04 (13.25%) and Agricultural land-6171.28 ha (19.03%).

10.4.5.1. Soil Characteristics

YES Enviro Solutions237M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. Ten locations within 10 km radius of the proposed project plant boundary were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil sample was collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720. Methods of soil analysis, part-1 and The International Pipette Method (Black, 1964) is adopted for determination of particle size analysis. The textural diagram was generated using “SEE Soil Class 2.0 version based on United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) classification of soils. Physical parameters such as bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity were determined by following KR Box Method (Keen and Raczkowski, 1921).

Table No. 10.5: Location of Soil Sampling Monitor Location Dist.fromcenter of Direction site(km) S1 Project Site 0 - S2 ProposedlandfillSite 200m N S3 Existing landfillsite 300m N S4 Existing manure Site 4.9 km N S5 BadarpurVillage 2km E S6 Okhlaphase-1 2.11 km NE S7 AsolaWildlifeSanctuary 4km SW S8 JasolaVihar 5km NE S9 NearTilpat Village 7.5km SE S10 ShahpurGovardhanpurBangar 8.25km E

Results shows that the texture of soil at all locations is Sandy Clay Loam. The value of pH ranged from 7.3 to 8.09, the colour of the soil varied from light brown to brown, the values of electrical conductivityranged from 160 to 1406 µS/cm. The average concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the soil samples varied from 356 to 742.5 kg/ha, 29.8 to 65.2kg/ha and 7.75 to 112.8 kg/ha, respectively.

10.4.6. BIOLOGICAL STUDY An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to the listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystem) conditions in the study area. Detailed are given in chapter 3 of EIA report. Three ecological sensitive areas i.e Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Asola Wildlife Sanctuary and Jahanpanah protected forest exist in the study area.

YES Enviro Solutions238M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT 10.4.6.1. Ecological Environment The project site harbors 2178 number of trees with varying height and girth classes. Out of 2178 trees, 2059 trees are Kikar with small girth. Layout of the plant has been made in such a way that minimum tree felling is involved. Compensatory plantation will be done as per 10 times the number of trees cut and its maintenance for a period of 5 years by the Delhi Forest Department. Plantation of indigenous species will be done and cost will be borne by SDMC. Along with above, 30m wide green belt will be developed in the premises. Local species with aesthetic appeal will be planted that will attract local bird and insect species.

10.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION The impact of the project on different component of environment has been assessed and mitigative measures have been suggested. The details are given in the EIA report.

10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Environmental monitoring is important in terms of evaluating the performance of pollution control equipments installed in the project during operation. The sampling and analysis of the environmental attributes will be as per the guidelines of CPCB. Following attributes will be covered in the environmental monitoring in and around the project site:

1. Air quality 2. Water and wastewater quality; 3. Noise levels; 4. Greenbelt Development

YES Enviro Solutions239M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT For environmental protection measures, proponent has allocated about Rs.70.1 Crore as capital investment during operation of project.

10.7. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT STUDIES Risk in general is defined as a measure of potential economic loss or human injury in terms of the probability of the loss or injury occurring and magnitude of the loss or injury if it occurs. Risk thus comprises of two variables; magnitude of consequences and the probability of occurrence. Few hazards and mitigation measures are mentioned below:-

10.7.1 Vehicle hazard The vehicle carrying the MSW has the potential to meet with an accident during the transit due to various reasons road condition, bad weather, drunk – driver, overloading

Mitigation measure All the vehicles used for the project construction and MSW waste collection shall be of good quality and shall be maintained by the trained drivers lead by supervisors. The GPS system installation will support the facility to track the movement of the vehicle and drivers. Overloading beyond the vehicle capacity will be prohibited.

10.7.2 Health Hazards of employees / workman engaged at the MSW site The employees/ workman may fall ill frequently due to occupational issues.

Mitigation measure All the employees shall be trained and provided with adequate PPE to protect from the health hazards. Separate health care scheme will be taken for the workmen employed at these work places. A first aid room with first aid facilities will be provided onsite. . 10.7.3 Electrical Hazards during power generation Electrical shock.

Mitigation measure The safe practices will be followed during the entire phase of construction and operation. All the workman shall be trained and provided with appropriate PPE during construction phase.

10.7.4. Boiler explosion hazards

YES Enviro Solutions240M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT The hazard analysis due to boiler explosion has been done. The impact will remain within plant premises. LDO is used widely as a heating fuel in boilers and care is essential in preventing fire and explosion particularly during start-up and shutdown. A study of 100 explosions indicated that about a little less than 50% occurred during lighting off period, 40% during operation and about 10% during re-lighting on burner flame extinguishments. No explosions were reported while furnace box temperature was above 760 oC. An elaborate fire-fighting system will be installed in the plant including LDO tank.

10.8DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN A Disaster Management Plan has been suggested for implementation during emergency situation.

10.9 PROJECT BENEFITS The proposed projecthas been plannedtomanage theMSW ofSouthDelhiandconvert the waste toElectricity.Waste-to-Electricity(WtE)projectsare consideredoneofthe mosteconomicalandenvironment friendlysolutions fortacklingtheproblem of municipal waste. This willreducetheair,waterandsoilcontaminationandodor also.This willimprove thequality of life ofsociety andwillprovidesafe&hygienic surroundings. Developmentofprojectwillprovideemploymentopportunitytolocalunskilled andsemiskilled peopleduringbothconstruction&operationphase. Indirectemploymentwillalsob e generatedduringconstructionphaseofproject.

10.9.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policy of Jindal SAW Ltd. The proposed project will be implemented by Tehkhand Waste to Electricity Project Limited, a subsidiary of Jindal Saw Ltd. The Jindal Saw is having a Corporate Social Responsibility Policy and same will be adopted by Tehkhand WtE Project Ltd. Corporate Social Responsibility is strongly connected with the principles of Sustainability. An organization should make decisions based not only on financial factors, but also on the social and environmental consequences. Therefore, it is the core corporate responsibility of Jindal SAW Ltd. to practice its corporate values through its commitment to grow in a socially and environmentally responsible way, while meeting the interests of its stakeholders. Jindal Saw Ltd. recognizes that its business activities have wide impact on the society in which it operates and therefore an effective practice is required giving due consideration to the interests of its stakeholders including local communities and society. The company endeavors to make CSR a key business process for sustainable development. The company is committed towards aligning with nature; and has adopted eco- friendly practices.

YES Enviro Solutions241M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

10.10ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An Environment Management Group will be responsible managing for following activities related to environment function of proposed project.

 Co-ordinate and manage the EMP implementation during pre-construction, construction and operation phase  Manage and co-ordinate environmental monitoring and pollution control system.  Co-ordination with government agencies in relation to environmental management activities  Implement and monitor greenbelt development and plantation activities  Safety officer will ensure safe working practices in all the sections of the plant.

A well-defined environmental monitoring program will be implemented with trained and qualified staff.

10.11CONCLUSION  “WtE” is an important part of integrated solid waste management system.  By means of adopting modern and efficient technology, effective implementation of EMP and by implementation of industrial best practices, the marginal impacts on Air, water, land and noise will be reduced to negligible levels.  The proposed waste to electricity plant is likely to generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for both unskilled and semi-skilled workers living in the area.

 Efficient and reliable process for intertizing fraction of waste left after material recycling.  This “WtE” project will also reduce the problem associated with the disposal of unprocessed waste as landfill and to meet the objective and goal set for the country under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM).

YES Enviro Solutions242M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED PPROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO ELECTRICITY GENERATING FACILITY AT TEHKHAND, OKHLA, DELHIDraft EIA/EMP REPORT

CHAPTER 11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

Project Name: Proposed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Electricity Generating Facility at Tehkhand, Okhla, Delhi Name and Yes Enviro Solutions QCI-NABET Accredited. address of the G-256, Sector-63, Consultant Noida, 201301 Base line data Shree Krishna NABL Accredited Analytical Services, A- Laboratory. 5/4, Mayapuri Industrial Area, Phase- II, New Delhi-110064.

Following Coordinators & Functional Area Experts:

EIA Coordinator Dr. B.J Prasad FAE-WP Mr. Sougata Sarkar/ Ms. Namrata Singh FAE-AP Mr.Avinash Kumar/ Ms. Namrata Singh FAE-AQ Mr. Sougata Sarkar FAE-LU Mrs. Annesha Chakraborty FAE-EB Dr. B.J Prasad FAE-NV Mr. Anil Lal ChandChoumal FAE-SE Mrs. Annesha Chakraborty FAE-HG Dr. A.K Srivastava FAE-GEO Dr. A.K Srivastava FAE-SC Dr. B.J Prasad FAE-RH Mr. Anil Lal ChandChoumal FAE-SHW Mr. Anil Lal ChandChoumal

ACCREDITION/ FROM QUALITY COUNCIL OF INDIA, QCI AND LIST OF COORDINATORS

YES ENVIRO SOLUTIONS has got accreditation from QCI as per MoEF, GoI requirements.

YES Enviro Solutions246M/s TEHKHAND WASTE to ELECTRICITY PROJECT LIMITED