Kabini Dam State of Karnataka

Guidelines for Instrumentation of Large Dams September 2016

Operation and Maintenance Manual for Kabini Dam State of Karnataka

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_KABINI_DAM KAWRD_01_v2.0 December 2019

O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 Front Cover Photograph: Downstream view of Kabini Dam during food release over the spillway. Rehabilitation works carried out under the Dam Rehabilitation & Improvement Project (DRIP) entailed multiple contracts for works carried out to reduce seepage and leakage within the concrete / masonry structure using pointing, strengthening the downstream face of the left embankment for protection of erosion, repairs to downstream stilling basin, special treatments to the glacis surfaces to reduce erosion etc.

O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020

Operation and Maintenance Manual

for Kabini Dam

Prepared by the Dam Safety Rehabilitation Directorate with Assistance from

CAUVERY NEERAVARI NIGAMA LIMITED (A Government of Karnataka undertaking)

State of Karnataka

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MESSAGE

India has more than 5200 large dams. Their health and safety are of paramount importance for sustainable use of the valuable assets, besides providing protection to the people and property in the downstream areas. The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvena- tion through the Central Water Commission (CWC), with financial assistance from the World Bank, started the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) to rehabilitate 198 large dam projects in seven states.

For managing a dam in a sustainable and scientific manner, it is very crucial for each dam owner to have dam specific Operation and Maintenance Manual that lays down procedures for the daily upkeep of the dam. An Operation and Maintenance Manual for a dam is essential for ensuring its safe functioning and for deriving continued benefits. This Operation and Maintenance Manual for KabiniDam has been prepared following the Guideline for Preparation Operation and Mainte- nance Manuals published in January 2018 under DRIP and covers requirements for project Op- eration, Inspection, Maintenance, Instrumentation and Monitoring the health of Kabini Dam both during monsoon and non-monsoon periods.

I recommend the dam officials to use this manual for the efficient and safe Operation and Mainte- nance of the Kabini Dam on regular basis. I compliment all the experts who have contributed to the development of this manual and con- gratulate the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, and C.W.C for the initiation of such important policy protocol to address dam safety management in India.

Shri. Rakesh Singh, IAS Principal Secretary Water Resources Department, Karnataka

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FOREWORD

This Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual developed exclusively for Kabini Dam is a detailed set of written descriptions with step-by-step procedures for ensuring that the dam is safely operated, frequently inspected and properly maintained. In this area of shrinking budgets, timely inspection and preventative maintenance is necessary for the safe functioning of the dam and continued productive use of the dam and reservoir.

The format of this manual was prepared following the principles published 2018 CWC guidelines for operation and maintenance of dam for the use by all Dam Owners in developing their own site-specific manuals. Each section of the document provides the necessary instructions to operate inspect and maintain their dam.

It is recommended that all dam officials charged with the operation of their dams to use this manual to ensure their dam is operated and maintained in a sustainable manner and will continue to derive benefits.

Shri. K. Jaiprakash, K.E.S Managing Director, CNNL, Bengaluru.

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Team Involved in Preparing this Model O&M Manual

S.V. Malagavi Assistant Executive Engineer, CNNL, K.R. Sub Division, Kabini Colony.

Ramesh Babu B Assistant Engineer, CNNL, K.R. Sub Division, Kabini Colony.

Venugopal M Assistant Engineer, CNNL, K.R. Sub Division, Kabini Colony.

Deekshith MS Assistant Engineer, CNNL, K.R. Sub Division, Kabini Colony.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS MESSAGE ...... II FOREWORD ...... III LIST OF FIGURES ...... IX CHAPTER 1. - GENERAL INFORMATION ...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 Purpose, Location & Description of Kabini Dam ...... 1 1.2.1Background Details of the Project ...... 1 1.2.2 Dam site Location: ...... 2 1.2.3 Kabini Reservoir Planning: ...... 2 1.2.4 Main Design Features and Components of Kabini Dam: ...... 8 1.3 Salient Features of Kabini Dam ...... 8 1.4 Assignment of Responsibility ...... 11 1.4.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the AEE and AE during Monsoon ...... 11 1.4.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the SE and EE during Monsoon ...... 12 1.4.3 Roles and Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer during Monsoon ...... 13 1.5 Collection & Reporting of Dam and Reservoir Data ...... 14 1.6 Public and Project Staff - Health and Safety ...... 16 1.6.1 Restricted Areas ...... 16 1.6.2 Details of the Security arrangements at Kabini Dam Site...... 16 1.7 Staff Position, Communication & Warning System ...... 17 1.7.1 Schedule of General Duties for Project Engineers ...... 18 1.7.2 Hydro-Mechanical Inspections / Checks ...... 21 1.8Distribution of Operation & Maintenance Manuals ...... 24 1.9 Supporting Documents & Reference Material ...... 24 CHAPTER 2.PROJECT OPERATION …………………………………………………………...…..…24 2.1 Basic Data ...... 24 2.1.1 Area Capacity curves...... 24 2.1.2 Design Flood and Features Related to Safety ...... 25 2.2 Flood Management at Kabini Reservoirs ...... 25 2.2.1 Gate Operations:...... 25 2.2.2Recommended Gate Operation Procedures for Normal Flow Conditions 25 2.2.3 Sequence of Opening or Closing of Gates ...... 25 2.2.4 Inflow Forecasting ...... 25 2.2.5 Methodology of Flood Regulation at Kabini ...... 26

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2.2.5.1 Inflow Computation ...... 26 2.2.5.2 Examples of Inflow Computation ...... 26 2.2.5.3 Rule Curve……………………………………………………………….27 2.2.6 Summary of Flood Regulation Procedure...... 31 2.3 Operation of Radial Crest Gates of Kabini Dam ...... 63 2.3.1 Brief Description...... 63 2.3.2 Radial Crest Gates – Technical Data ...... 64 2.3.3 Salient Features ...... 64 2.3.4 Photographs of elecro-mechanical network of gates ...... 64 2.4Operating Instructions ...... 68 2.4.1 Checklist Before Operation ...... 69 2.4.2 TROUBLE SHOOTING ...... 71 2.5 RIVER OUTLET WORKS...... 72 2.5.1 Description: ...... 72 2.5.1.1 RIVER SLUICE GATES: ...... 72 2.5.2 Condition: ...... 73 2.5.2.1 General: ...... 73 2.5.2.2 Deficiencies and problems...... 73 2.5.2.3 Potential problems...... 73 2.5.3 Historical Events...... 74 2.5.4 Operation: ...... 74 2.5.4.1 General ...... 74 2.5.4.2 Restrictions: ...... 74 2.5.4.3 Mechanical: ...... 74 2.5.5 References: ...... 75 2.5.5.1 Reports and Data...... 75 2.5.5.2 Drawings: ...... 75 2.6 POWER OUTLETS ……………………………………………………………...75 2.6.1 Description ...... 75 2.7 ACCESS ROADS ... ………………………………………………………………76 2.8 Record Keeping .. …………………………………………………………………76 CHAPTER 3 - PROJECT INSPECTIONS ...... ……………………………………………………….…...... 77 3.1 Types of Inspections ...... 77 3.1.1 Comprehensive Evaluation Inspections ...... 77 3.1.2 Scheduled Inspections ...... 78

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3.1.3 Special (Unscheduled) Inspections ...... 79 3.1.4 Informal Inspections ...... 79 3.2 Pre- and Post-Monsoon Checklist and Example of Report Proformas ...... 79 CHAPTER 4 - PROJECT MAINTENANCE ..... ………………… ……………….…….90 4.1 Maintenance Priorities ...... 90 4.1.1 Immediate Maintenance ...... 90 4.1.2 Preventive Maintenance ...... 91 4.1.2.1 Condition Based Maintenance ...... 91 4.1.2.2 Routine Maintenance ...... 91 4.2 Procedures for Routine Maintenance ...... 92 4.2.1 Earthwork ...... 92 4.2.2 Masonry / Concrete Dams & Spillways ...... 96 4.2.3 River Sluices ...... 97 4.2.4 Gates & Hoisting Equipment ...... 97 4.2.5 Electrically operated fixed hoists ...... 99 CHAPTER 5 - INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING . ……..………………...…..…....117 5.1 Dam Instrumentation·……………………………………………………………………117 5.1.1 General Information ...... 117 5.1.2 Instruments Embedded in the Kabini Earthen Dam ...... 117 CHAPTER 6 - PREVIOUS REHABILITAION EFFORTSING……..………………...…..…...... 119 CHAPTER 7 - UPDATING THE MANUAL ... ………………………………….……………120 APPENDIX 1 – BASIC DRAWINGS OF KABINI DAM APPENDIX 2― KEY ELIMENTS OF THE EAP APPENDIX 3 ― MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE DURING MONSOON APPENDIX 4 ― SCHEDULED OR UNSCHEDULED DAM SAFETY INSPECTION FORM APPENDIX 5 – CCTV CAMERA SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX 6 - GLOSSARY List of Tables Table 1 - Overall Responsibilities for Kabini Dam 9 Table 2 –Roles & Responsibilities of AEE & AE 11 Table 3 – Roles & Responsibilities of SE & EE 12 Table 4 – Roles & Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer 12 Table 5 –Example Proforma for recording Flow Data 14 Table 6 – Distribution of O&M Manual and Revisions 23 Table 7– Rule curve table of Kabini Reservoir showing month and storage capacity 27

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Table 8– Rule curve table of Kabini Reservoir showing month and reservoir elevation 28 Table 9 -Capacity and water spread tables of Kabini Reservoir 32 Table 10- Tables of Discharge for Spillway Crest Gates 35 Table 11- Tables of Discharge for River Sluice Gates 42 Table 12- Tables of Discharge for Left Bank Irrigation Sluice Gates 49 Table 13- Tables of Discharge for Right Bank Irrigation Sluice Gates 53 Table 14– O&M BUDGET COSTS (ANNUAL) 114 Table 15 - Locations and Extents of Structural Members 117

List of Figures Figure 1 - Cauvery River Basin Map ...... 3 Figure 2 - KabiniRiver Basin Map ...... 4 Figure 3–Kabini Catchment Map ...... 5 Figure 4 - Overhead Image of Kabini Dam ...... 6 Figure 5 - Organisation Chart ...... 18 Figure 6 – Kabini Dam Area Capacity curves ...... 24 Figure 7 – Kabini Dam Area Capacity curves ...... 24 Figure 8 – Month versus storage capacity ………………………………………………………………28 Figure 9 – Month versus Reservoir Level …………………………………..………………………29

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Acronyms used in this publication are as follows: BIS Bureau of Indian Standards CDSO Central Dam Safety Organization CWC Central Water Commission SDSO State Dam Safety Organization O&M Operation and Maintenance DRIP Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project DSRP Dam Safety Review Panel EAP Emergency Action Plan Global Positioning System (uses GPRS for data transmis- GPS sion like browsing the web) FRL Full Reservoir Level MWL Maximum Water Level MDDL Minimum Draw Down Level DSL Dead Storage Level EDA Energy Dissipation Arrangement HM works Hydro-Mechanical works DG set Diesel Generator set PC Personal Computer TMC Thousand-Million M3

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CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction This document presents a detailed Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual for Kabini Dam, Karnataka, providing written descriptions of procedures for ensuring that the dam operates safely and is kept in a good condition by periodic inspections, repairs, and maintenance in a sustainable manner. Timely maintenance is important for the continued safe functioning and productive use of the dam and reservoir. The Manual has been prepared primarily for the dam operation’s staff and their supervisors who are assigned the responsibility for the physical operations and maintenance of the dam. It contains, as a minimum, all information and instructions necessary for them to perform their allotted tasks in a safe manner. In addition to instructions for dam operations staff, the Manual includes all necessary instructions for other staff directly or indirectly involved in operating and maintaining the dam. It is essential that the Manual or a copy of the Manual along with supporting data including the atlas of all drawings and manufacturer’s technical documents is available at site for ready reference.

1.2 Purpose, Location &Description of Kabini Dam

1.2.1 Background Details of the Project The Kabini reservoir project as per original proposal was contemplated to impound 12.30 TMC of water to irrigate an area of 30,000 acres (12,141 hectares). During the course of execution, the scope of the project was revised to irrigate a larger area, to develop power and supply drinking water to Bengaluru city. The capacity of the reservoir was increased to 19.52TMCfor providing irrigation benefits to an area of 1,07,000 acres (43,301 hectares) in Mysoreand Chamarajanagar District. This scheme comprised the following: I. A reservoir at Bidarahally- Beechanahally site to impound 19.52TMC of water. II. To irrigate an area of 1,07,000acres under the Kabini right bank canal, Kabini left bank canal. III. To reserve in storage to an extent of 8.00TMC for the Power draw off. IV. To supply 2.80TMC for Bangalore city water supply. V. Facility to generate power to an extent of 20 M.W. at Dam site. The total annual utilization under this project for irrigation including drinking water supply to Bangalore city etc is 30.00 TMC.

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1.2.2 Dam site Location: Kabini dam is situated at Latitude 110 56’ 27’ N and Longitude 750 20’ 17’E, in the village areas of Beechanahally of H.D. Kotetaluk of Mysore district. See location and vicinity map in Figure 2 below. 1.2.3 Kabini Reservoir Planning: i). Catchment: The catchment area of the Cauvery River at Kabini dam site is 2141.90 Sq. Km (827 Sq. Mile). The Uppermost reaches are in hilly and forest area, while the lower reaches are in moderate country. It has many tributaries, where the average rainfall is nearly 720mm per annum. The rainfall varying from 125inch at the source to 32inch at the dam site. The bulk of the rainfall occurs in the months of June to October and the river will be in floods during these months when almost the entire yield is received. ii) Yields: From the available data the average annual yield at the dam site is 97.70 TMC. The annual 75% dependable yield at this site is worked out to be 75.8 TMC and 50% dependable yield is97.70TMC. iii) Storage: The dam is designed to pass a probable maximum flood of 31,007 cumecs (194150 cusecs). The gross storage capacity is 19.52 TMC and a live storage of 16.0 TMC and a dead storage of 3.52 TMC. iv) Water Spread: The reservoir water spread submerges an area of 15820 acres, displacing a population nearly 19000 to 21000 from 22villages with 14 Hamlets.

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Figure 1 - CAUVERY River Basin Map

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Figure 2 –Kabini River Basin Map

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Figure 3 –Kabini water Catchment Map

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Figure 4 - Overhead Image of Kabini Dam

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1.2.4 Main Design Features and Components of Kabini Dam: i) Components: The dam consists of a spillway portion for a length of 80.77 m (265 ft) in the centre of the river gorge, with spillway, two non-overflow masonry sections on either side and an earth dam of 1769.36 m (5805 ft) on the left flank and 708.66m(2325 ft) on the right flank. The non-overflow masonry dam on the left side is of length 76.21m (250.00 ft) and on the right side is 76.21m(250.00 ft) and the power dam portion is 21.34 m (70.00 ft). ii) Earthen Dam: The total length of the earth dam is 2478.02 m. The top road width is at RL 2299.00ft (700.7m) is 7.32 m. The free board provided above the FRL is15ft (4.57 m) in the earthen portion. The stability of earthen embankment sections is analyzed by Swedish slip circle method based on the test results of foundations and borrow area soil samples furnished by the Karnataka engineering research station, Krishnarajasagar. The upstream slope has been protected by head placed rubble with graded filter backing. The downstream slope is protected by turfing. Foundation and embankment piece meters have been embedded in few sections to measure the pore pressures. Verticals cross arms have been installed to measure vertical settlements. iii) Power Dam Section: One penstock pipe of diameter 5.49 m for generating 20,000 KW of power is embedded in the power dam section. iv) Spillway Dam Section: Surplusing arrangements consists of an overflow section 71.63 m long with 4 ogee spillway bays of length 12.19 m each with 3 piers of 7.62 m width each. The total discharging capacity of the spillway is 5484cumecs under spillage depth of 12.19m.4 radial crest gates of 12.19 X 12.19 m have been provided over the ogee spillway.3 river sluices of 2.44 X 4.27 m have been provided in the spillway portion and the total discharging capacity of the river sluices is 33.28 Cumecs. Photo: View of 25-T Gantry Crane v) River Sluice Gates: Three River Sluice Gates of size 8’ x 14’ (2.4 x 4.27 m) are provided in spillway piers at sill level RL 2219.00(676.35 m). For operations of river sluice gates, a 25- T Gantry crane has also been provided. Periodical maintenance such as lubrication, filling of gear oil, etc., are being done annually on a tender basis. Replacements of wire ropes and replacements of rubber seals and painting of river sluice gates are being taken up whenever required on tender basis. vi) Irrigation Sluices: Two irrigation one on each bank take off with sill level at RL 2249.00(685.5 m). The Left irrigation sluice consists of two vents of size 4ft x 6ft(1.22 x 1.83 m) with a discharge capacity of 90 cusecs. The Right Irrigation sluice consists of 5 vents of size 8ft x 10ft (2.44 x 3.05 m) with a discharging capacity of 2300 cusecs. For operations of river sluice gates, a 12-T Gantry crane has also been provided. Periodical maintenance of these gates is taken up annually on tender basis which includes items such as lubrication and filling of gear oil, Cardium compound, etc. Replacements of wire ropes, replacements of rubber seals and painting of irrigation sluice gates are being taken up as required on tender basis. The irrigation component is operated and maintained by another internal agency.

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1.3 Salient Features of Kabini Dam Sl. No Items Stage -I& II A. General Between village Kabini of H.D.Kote taluk and Bee- chanahally village of H.D. Kote taluk of Mysore dis- 1 Location of Dam 0 trict at: Latitude: 11 56’ 27’’ N Longitude: 750 20’ 17’’E The Dam site is accessible by 10 Km long approach road which takes off near H. D. Kote-Manathavady 2 Means of Access State Highway-33 at a distance of 5 Km of H.D. Kote. B. Geophysical Features 1 Catchment area 2141.90 Sq.km (827Sq.miles) 2 Nature of catchment Hilly Covered by Thick forest 3 Climate Moderate (tending to hot) 4 Annual mean temperature 720F 5 Mean annual precipitation 70 inches (1178 mm) 6 Average yield condition at dam site 97.7 TMC 0.023Mcft(silt sedimentation survey conducted during 7 Silt charge per year 2007-08.As per the report silt accumulated in the dam was 0.8 Mcft)

Geological features at dam site Rocky strata including granite and trap rock.

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C. Technical Details of Dam 1 Gross Storage Capacity 19.52 TMC (552.7 MCM) 2 Dead Storage 3.52TMC (99.67 MCM) 3 Lowest Foundation Level RL 2104ft (641.30m) 4 River Bed Level (Av) RL 2204 ft (671.78m) 4.a Sill of River Sluice RL 2219 ft (676.35m) 4.b Sill of Irrigation Sluice RL 2249 ft (685.50m) RL 2266 ft (690.68m) for right bank canal 5 Minimum draw down level (MDDL) RL 2266 ft (690.68m) for left bank canal 6 Full Reservoir Level (FRL) RL 2284 ft (696.16m) 7 Maximum Water Level (MWL) RL 2284 ft (696.16m) 8 Spillway Crest level RL 2244 ft (683.97m) 9 Top Level of Dam RL 2299ft (700.74m) 10 Maximum area of water spread 60.60Sq.Km 11 Length of dam • Length of (concrete) over flow a. 80.77 m (265 ft) spillway section

Length of masonry non-overflow sec- b. tion 76.21 m (250 ft) left side

Length of masonry non-overflow sec-• 76.21 m (250 ft) c. tion Right side

d. Length of masonry Right side 21.34 m (70 ft) Power section e. Earthen dam (Left bank) 1769.36 m (5805 ft) f. Earthen dam (right bank) 708.66m (2325ft) g. Total length of dam 2732.55m (8965ft) D. Other Maximum height of dam above the 12 57.60 m (189 ft) lowest foundation level Height of dam above the lowest River 13 28.95 m (95 ft) Bed Level Sl. No Items Stage -I & II 14 Top width of dam 7.32 m (24ft) 5498 cumecs (1, 94,150cusecs). On 11-08-2018 the maxi- 15 Designed flood intensity mum discharge through spillway was 80,000 cusecs(2,265.3 cumec) 4 No’s of 12.19 m x 12.19 m (40ft x 40ft) on either side 16 No. & size of spillway crest gates of protect wire rope drum No. and dimensions of river sluice 17 3 No’s of Vertical gates size 2.24m x 4.27 m (8ft x14ft) gates 2 No’s of left bank canal irrigation sluice are provided No. and dimensions of irrigation Of size 1.22 m x 1.83 m discharge of 90 cusecs. 5 18 sluice gates No’s of right bank canal sluice are provided of size 2.44m x 3.05m discharge of 2300 cusecs. E. Details of submergence 1 Total area of submergence (Gross) 15820 Acres (6403 Ha) 2 Villages submerge 22 No’s with 1414 Hamlets 3 Population affected Nearly 19,000-21,000 (Approx.) Railway line between Mysore & Nanjangud including 4 Railway line Railway bridge across river Kabini (Nanjangud town)

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1.4 Assignment of Responsibility The Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited is the owner and has the final authority and responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the dam. Identification of all areas of responsibilities connected with the operation and maintenance of the dam are covered in this section. The officer’s responsibilities for the various functions are identified by their designation and, in particular, the responsibilities of operating personnel are specifically identified in below and include regularly scheduled duties which staff personnel are required to perform as outlined in the following tables: Table 1– Overall Responsibilities for Kabini Dam Sl No Particulars Remarks • CAUVERY Neeravari Nigam Limited (A Govt of Karna- 1. • Implementing Agency taka Undertaking) • Water Resources Department, Karnataka • Project Administration Officer 2. • Managing Director, CNNL, Bengaluru in charge • • 3. Operations of Equipment at Superintendent Engineer, CNNL, kabini and Varuna circle, My- the Dam sore. • Reservoir inflow and Flood 4. • Executive Engineer, CNNL, K R Division, Kabini colony forecasting • Authorizing spillway flood re- 5. • Chief Engineer, Irrigation (south), CNNL, Mysuru. leases • Authorizing releases for vari-• Chief Engineer, CNNL, Irrigation(south), Mysuru as per the pro- 6. ous purposes like irrigation, ceedings of the Irrigation Consultative Committee meeting (ICC) water supply hydro-power, etc and in consultation with Managing Director, CNNL Bengaluru 7. • Recording reservoir Data • Executive Engineer, K R Division, Kabini colony 8. • Routine inspection • Executive Engineer, K R Division, Kabini colony 9. • Maintenance Executive Engineer K R Division, Kabini colony. 10. • Instrumentation Executive Engineer K R Division, Kabini colony.

1.4.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the AEE and AE during Monsoon Table 2 – Roles & Responsibilities of AEE & AE

Step Flood condition assessment, warning, flood mitigation, and other responsibilities Coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of Karnataka, State of Kerala& CWC& 1. to get the information in email on the rainfall in the catchment and inflow status at the state boundary and to bring it to the notice of the EE/SE/CE Assist the EE/SE/CE to issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, 2. Radio, TV News channel to be alert regarding the flood situation Assist the EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Administration) 3. to alert the downstream villagers to evacuate the flood zone to prevent loss of life and live stock Assist the EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on the 4. flood condition Maintain the reservoir water level gauge register and to update on hourly basis during floods. 5. and to bring to the notice of EE/SE/CE Assess the inflows in the reservoir as per the approved reservoir operation and to prepare 6. proforma consisting of the status of the reservoir capacity and releases from the reservoir as per the standard Performa and to submit to the EE/SE/CE Submit to the EE/SE/CE on the inflows and releases from the reservoir and status of the 7. reservoir twice in the day 8. Maintain the spillway crest gate operation log book

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Operate the Spillway crest gates for flood mitigation as per the instructions of the 9. EE/SE/CE and to update the Gate operation Log book Observe the seepages in the drainage Gallery with respect to the reservoir head and record 10. the seepages in the infiltration gallery and to immediately bring to the notice of the EE/SE/CE in case of excessive seepage, leakage in any specific blocks and porous drains Maintain the pump operation log books for the dewatering pumps in the drainage gallery 11. and to submit to EE/SE/CE Observe the gates and to see that the drain holes are not clogged and floating debris is not 12. deposited in the gate components Monitor the condition of the Welding transformers, gas cutting sets, umbrellas, tool kits 13. torches chain blocks ropes ballies etc on daily basis and to see that things are in place to handle any emergency situation Observe the Gates, hoists and handling equipment during operation for the smooth move- 14. ments and to immediately report any untoward excessive sounds in the motors, pumps or vibrations in the gate Observe the dam top, embankment, catwalk, approach roads are well maintained by house- 15. keeping personnel Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and Hoists 16. during flood water releases and to report to the EE/SE/CE in case of any untoward incidents or malfunctioning of the gates of excessive seepages, leakages etc Assist EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the downstream Kabini Dam Project Engineers and 17. getting the flow data Assist EE/SE/CE to share the flow data and the reservoir storage details to the Media on 18. day to day basis Assist EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of Karnataka, Ker- 19. ala & Tamilnadu and sharing the details of the flood condition in the river and the reservoir releases

1.4.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the SE and EE during Monsoon Table 3 – Roles & Responsibilities of SE & EE Step Flood condition assessment, warning, flood mitigation and other responsibilities Coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of Karnataka, State of Kerala & CWC 1. & in email on the rainfall in the catchment and inflow status at the state and to bring it to the notice of the CE To issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, Radio, TV News channel 2. to be alert regarding the flood situation Assist the CE to coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Administration) to alert 3. the downstream villagers to evacuate the flood zone to prevent loss of life and live stock Assist the CE to coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on the flood con- 4. dition Submit to the CE on the inflows and releases from the reservoir and status of the reservoir 5. twice in the day Operate the Spillway crest gates for flood mitigation as per the instructions of the CE and 6. to update the Gate operation Log book Observe the seepages in the drainage Gallery with respect to the reservoir head and record 7. the seepages in the infiltration gallery and to immediately bring to the notice of the CE in case of excessive seepage, leakage in any specific blocks and porous drains Observe the Gates, hoists and handling equipment during operation for the smooth move- 8. ments and to immediately report any untoward excessive sounds in the motors, pumps or vibrations in the gate Observe the dam top, embankment, catwalk, approach roads are well maintained by house- 9. keeping personnel

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Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and Hoists 10. during flood water releases and to report to the CE in case of any untoward incidents or malfunctioning of the gates of excessive seepages, leakages etc Assist CE to share the flow data and the reservoir storage details to the Media on day to 11. day basis Assist CE to coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of Karnataka, Kerala and 12. sharing the details of the flood condition in the river and the reservoir releases

1.4.3 Roles and Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer during Monsoon Table 4 – Roles & Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer

Step Flood condition assessment, warning and flood mitigation To issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, Radio, TV News channel to be alert regarding the flood situation based on the input by Project Engineers of the State 1. of Karnataka, to the information on the rainfall in the catchment and inflow status at the state boundary and also to Coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Administra- tion) 2. Coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on the flood condition Issue necessary instructions to the engineers to Operate the reservoir based on the inflows, 3. rainfall data, releases from the upstream reservoirs and status of the reservoir Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and Hoists 4. during flood water releases and to issue necessary instructions to the AEE/EE/SE 5. Coordinate with the downstream Kabini Dam Project Engineers 6. Conduct Pre and Post Monsoon inspections of the Dam

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1.5 Collection & Reporting of Dam and Reservoir Data A Pro-forma is provided to ensure that dates and times for the collection and reporting of vital information is recorded and documented for the record. • Reservoir water surface elevation. • Reservoir inflow. • Spillway outflow. • River releases. • Irrigation, water supply and hydropower releases. • Weather related data • Instrumentation data • Water quality Instructions and standard pro-forma for collection and reporting of inflow and outflow data, and other pertinent data, is shown in table 5 below. Records [Logbooks] of the following operations at Kabini Dam are to be maintained in a chron- ological manner for reference. These records are helpful for identifying preventative maintenance measures that may need to be taken up, troubleshooting the cause of potential equipment failure and documenting development of any unusual conditions. • Date and Time • Attendance statement during normal operations – both during monsoon and non-monsoon periods. • Operations of the spillway gates and outlet works. • Operating hours of mechanical equipment. • Testing / Operation of spillway gates, emergency gates and associated controls. • Testing/operation of Outlet gates, valves and associated controls, • Maintenance activities carried out. • Reservoir and dam inspections. • Unusual conditions or occurrences, including acts of vandalism. • Attendance statement at the dam during emergency operations. • Changes to normal operating procedures. • Communication network checks. • Safety and special instructions. • Names of officers and staff carrying out inspections and maintenance. • Any other item pertaining to the operation and maintenance of the dam.

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Table 5–Example Pro-forma for recording Flow Data

For the Month of ______

Reservoir Ca- Out Flow in Cusecs pacity in TMC Water level Inflow in Date Time in M. Cusecs1 Spillway POWER HOUSE KLBC KRBC Total O/F Gates

Footnote 1: To be indirectly calculated as per examples 1 and 2 in Chapter 2, Paragraph 2.2.6.2

Legend • KLBC: Kabini Left Bank Canal • KRBC: Kabini Right Bank Canal

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1.6 Public and Project Staff - Health and Safety As safety of Project Staff is of prime concern, safety instructions & protection measures at the dam are carried out by all staff / project personnel. Electronic kiosks located on the left and right abutment provide public notices of events and status of security of the dam and downstream river conditions.

1.6.1 Restricted Areas Certain areas of the dam and reservoir are restricted for entry of the general public. The purpose of restrictions is for security of the dam, public safety and uninterrupted safe operation of the dam. Restricted areas will include the following: • Confined spaces such as admits, galleries, etc. • Upstream and downstream slopes/faces of dam. • Spillway approach areas, chutes and stilling basins. • Control buildings and valve areas. • Intake or outlet channels adjacent to hydraulic structures.

1.6.2 Details of the Security arrangements at Kabini Dam Site. The security arrangements of Kabini Dam are entrusted to Private security enterprise.

Security personnel

Security personnel Police constables (Both armed and unarmed), Head constable and Assistant sub Inspectors are deployed 24/7 at the critical location viz., near spillway, dam top.

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1.7 Staff Position, Communication & Warning System The number & description of operating unit personnel posted/placed at different locations of the dam are noted in supporting documents and referenced in this Manual. Staff positions vary according to requirement during monsoon / non-monsoon periods. An engineering organiza- tional chart is shown in Figure 5below. The means of communications both in normal and emergency situations are identified in the Communication Directory found below. Available communication means including landline, mobile phones, wireless sets, & radio (Gm 338 VHF Trans receivers and repeater stations (35 Nos. available) at different locations on the dam. Security staff is provided with door frame and hand-held metal detectors and binoculars to maintain security of the dam. A utility room has an equipment room with all essential small tools, welders, gas cutter sets, chain blocks and ropes, space for the hydraulic hoist, dewatering pumps, weather gear, and con- sumables to facilitate O&M requirements. A brief description of the warning systems including alarms at the dam is mentioned in the Manual. This includes information on downstream inundation areas during scheduled or unscheduled release of flood outflows from the spillway. Basic facilities like communication facilities, sirens, hooters etc. are provided.

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Figure 5 - Organization Chart

Chief Engineer Irrigation South Mysuru.

Superintendent Engineer Kabni and Varuna circle CNNL Mysuru.

Executive Engineer Kabini Reservoir Division Kabini Colony

Assistant Executive Engineer Kabini Reservoir Sub-Division Kabini Colony

Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant Junior Engineer Junior Engineer Junior Engineer Junior Engineer Junior Engineer Engineer Engineer Engineer Engineer Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Kabini Reservoir Sub-division Sub-division Sub-division Sub-division Sub-division Sub-Division Sub-Division Sub-division Sub-Division Kabini Colony Kabini Colony Kabini Colony Kabini Colony Kabini Colony Kabini Colony Kabini Colony Kabini Colony Kabini Colony

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1.7.1 Schedule of General Duties for Project Engineers Schedules of duties being performed by the staff assigned to various locations and components of Kabini Dam are provided in this section. All activities are to be recorded daily in the Logbook and site registers. DAILY ✓ Visual inspection of dam ➢ Crest of dam (Dam top) ➢ Upstream and downstream slopes/faces ➢ Visible portions of foundation and abutments contacts ➢ Galleries

✓ Record water surface elevation. (during monsoon on hourly basis) ✓ Record reservoir inflow and spillway discharge. (during monsoon on hourly basis) ✓ Record releases from outlets /sluices. ✓ Record seepage from drainage systems-Toe drains, Gallery drains etc. on daily basis ✓ Record meteorological data. ✓ Check security and safety devices. ✓ Complete logbook / site registers which should include the above information WEEKLY Electrical System ✓ Standby generator (DG Sets) ➢ Run for 15-30 min to achieve recommended operating temperature ➢ Check status of batteries and keep them charged. ➢ Check Fuel Supply ✓ Drainage systems - Toe drains, Gallery drains etc., and, during any reservoir filling operations MONTHLY Check condition of: Dam and Reservoir ✓ Reservoir periphery (During Monsoon) ✓ Drainage systems - Toe Drains, Gallery drains etc. (on regular basis) ✓ Measuring devices/Instruments ✓ Security and safety devices – rectification, if needed. ✓ Communication Devices ✓ Status of Vegetation growth

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✓ Check Sign/Warning display boards near vulnerable locations are in place and updated as necessary Mechanical/Electrical System ✓ Replace fuses/light bulbs, as necessary ✓ Inspect and maintain ventilation system; check for and remove any obstructions ✓ Cleaning of control panel boards

QUARTERLY Outlet Works ✓ Availability of updated operating instruction ✓ Check gate air vents ✓ Clean gate control switchboxes ✓ Check operation of gates and valves ✓ Grease gate hanger / dogging arrangements

Check

✓ Check condition of trash rack of intake structure ✓ Check condition of Outlet works &the Energy Dissipation Arrangement (EDA)

Spillway ✓ Check for debris in inlet channel ✓ Check operation of gates ✓ Check for damages in spillway glacis, EDA, d/s area, etc. ✓ Check and clear spillway bridge drains ✓ Clean inside of motor control cabinet and remove debris, insect (bee nests), nests, rodents and bird nests Other works ✓ Check for adherence to instrumentation schedule ✓ Record pertinent information in Operation Log ✓ Check conditions of V-notch weirs/other seepage measuring devices

BI-ANNUAL

Spillway & outlet works ✓ Check paint on gates and other areas of corrosion

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✓ Check lubrication of wire ropes and application of Cardium compound. ✓ Check mechanical hoist bearings and flexible coupling bearings ✓ Check gear systems ✓ Exercise gate and valves for operational efficiency ✓ Check oil reservoir level in hydraulic system and top up as necessary ✓ Check pressure release valve and clean any debris, dirt, other foreign objects as necessary ✓ Lubricate gate rollers ✓ Check rubber seals and seal clamp bar

Electrical System and Equipment ✓ Change oil in stand by generator ✓ Check exposed electrical wiring of: ➢ Operating equipment of gates/valves/hoists of Outlet works. ➢ Operating equipment of gates and hoists of Spillway ➢ Operating equipment of any other gates and hoists in dam ➢ Spillway catwalk / bridge ➢ Dam Gallery ✓ Check Gate limit switches and adjust ANNUAL Spillway &Outlet works ✓ Paint ➢ Metalwork, Gate, Hoists and all exposed metal parts for corrosion ➢ Valves / Control valves ✓ Hydraulic power pack system ✓ Exercise Gates and Valves ✓ Examine stilling basin / energy dissipation arrangement and d/s channel & carry out rectification works, as necessary. ✓ Check metal welds for damages/cracks in Gates, Hoist platform, Radial Gate Tie flats, Trunnion Girders/supports etc. Electrical ✓ Check electrical conduits, pull-boxes and switches for: ➢ Outlet works valve house ➢ Gates & hoists ➢ Spillway bridge ➢ Gallery

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FIVE YEAR (PERIODIC) ✓ Inspect intake structures, trash racks and stilling basin/energy dissipation arrangement, which normally are underwater; less frequent if experience indicates. This may need to be done by carrying out dewatering or by divers/remote operated vehicle (ROV) as necessary. ✓ Review Dam operation procedures and EAP and update as necessary.

1.7.2 Hydro-Mechanical Inspections / Checks Special duties performed for H-M operating personnel works are given in this section. Frequency of inspections / checks for hydro-mechanical components and necessary actions to be taken up during maintenance 1. Radial Crest Gates - 4 Nos. a. Embedded Parts

Sl. Embedded Part Frequency No. Checking of seal beams. Seal Seats, Guide track & all other exposed embedded parts with respect to their alignment, distortion: if any due to 1 Half Yearly continuous use, pitting and un-necessary cracks due to wear & carrying out requisite repairs, rectification by welding, grinding etc. Removing debris & other foreign material deposited on embedded parts 2 Monthly & cleaning the same 3 All cracks & defective weld joints to be ascertained& rectified. Half Yearly All dirt, debris, grit, foreign material etc. to be removed from trunnion assemblies as well as trunnion chair and lubricate trunnion bearing & the 4 Monthly sliding surface on trunnion chair with specified lubricant/ grade to ensure smooth sliding movement of trunnion. All nut bolts connecting Trunnion Assembly &Trunnion Chair and 5 Trunnion& Yoke, girderTrunnion pin lock plate to be checked& Tight- Monthly ened and replacement the same if found defective.

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b. Gate Structure Sl. Embedded Part Frequency No.

Regular inspection of the gate along with the hoist to be carried out 1 Daily daily to ensure that there is no unusual development/ observation

2 Check all welding for soundness& rectify defects Quarterly Check welding between arms & horizontal girders as well as arms & 3 Trunnionwith the help of magnifying glass for cracks/ defects and rec- Quarterly tify the defects. Clean all drain boles including those in end arms, horizontal girders 4 Quarterly &Trunnion Check all nuts & bolts provided and tighten them, and replace the de- 5 Quarterly fective nuts & bolts

Check upstream face of Skin plate for pitting, scaling and corrosion. 6 Scaling formation are to be removed. Pitting shall be filled with weld& Yearly ground. Corroded surface shall be cleaned & painted

Joints of side & bottom rubber seals to be checked for their proper 7 alignment and fixing & to be rectified/ adjusted if there is leakage Monthly through joints Nuts & bolts for rubber seal connection to be tightened and damaged 8 Quarterly nuts and bolts to be replaced

The excessive or widespread leakages if any shall be reported to the engineer in charge. If the seals are required to be replaced the same 9 shall-be carried out after supply of rubber seal by the department free Quarterly of cost in case the change of rubber seals is more than once during total maintenance period of five years

10 The guide roller pin is to be lubricated Quarterly

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1.8 Distribution of Operation & Maintenance Manuals The list of unit officers to whom the O&M Manual is required to be distributed is shown in the table below. Table 6 - Distribution of O&M Manual and Revisions Number of Manual Sl No Unit Officers Distribution Secretary to Govt, Water Resources Department, Vikasa Soudha, 1. 3 Bengaluru Managing Director, 2. CNNL, Bengaluru 3. Chief Engineer, irrigation (south), Mysore. 2 4. Library of the Dam Zone, Kabini 1 Chief Engineer, Water Resources Development Organization, Ben- 5. 1 galuru. 6. Director, KERS, K R Sagara. 1 7. Superintending Engineer, SPMU, WRDO, Bengaluru 1 Superintending Engineer, CNNL, Kabini and Varuna 8. 1 Circle, Mysuru. 9. Executive Engineer, SPMU, DRIP Bengaluru 1 10. Deputy Chief Engineer, irrigation south, Mysuru. 1 11. Executive Engineer, Kabini reservoir Division, Kabini 1 12. Executive Engineer, Monitoring and Evaluation, Bengaluru 1 13. Library of the Dam Division, Kabini 1 14. TA to CE, irrigation south Zone, Mysuru 1 Assistant Executive Engineer, CNNL, Kabini reservoir Sub Divi- 15. 1 sion, Kabini. 16. Assistant Engineer-1, CNNL, Dam Sub Division, Kabini 1 17. Assistant Engineer-2, CNNL, Dam Sub Division, Kabini 1 18. Assistant Engineer-3, CNNL, Dam Sub Division, Kabini 1 19. Assistant Engineer-4, CNNL, Dam Sub Division, Kabini 1 20. Technical Section of Central Office 1 21. Technical Section of Circle Office 1 22. Technical Section of Division Office 1 1.9 Supporting Documents & Reference Material This O&M Manual is the key instruction document. Supporting documents and necessary instructions for all phases of the operation, inspection and maintenance of the dam, reservoir and appurtenant works shown below are available at the dam control room: • Emergency Action Plan (EAP) • Gate Manufacturer’s instructions and • Flood forecasting and operating crite- drawings ria • Regional communication directory • Basin or river operating plan • Instrumentation reports / results • Interstate agreements • Agreements with other user agencies • Power station operation plan • Irrigation operation plan • Domestic / industrial water supply operating instructions • Administrative procedures • Reservoir / River pollution contingency plan • Maintenance schedules

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2.1 Basic Data The Kabini operation plan consists of step-by-step instructions for operating the dam and reservoir during routine (normal) and emergency conditions. The operating procedures for normal operations are discussed in this chapter including operating criteria for the reservoir, spillway &outlets. The operation of a dam involves regulation of its reservoir as per project specific requirements. This includes the use of area capacity curves and design flood; both are described below.

2.1.1 Area Capacity curves. The area capacity curves for Kabini Dam graphical form are shown in Figure 5and capacity and water spread table is shown in Table 6.

Figure 6 – Kabini dam area capacity curve

2.1.2 Design Flood and Features Related to Safety The maximum flood design at Kabini Dam site was originally fixed at 1, 94,150 cusecs based on observations and calculations. The spillway is designed for this design flood with 10-percent of the Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 25 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 gates non-operative. The revised design flood is 5,56,650 cusecs(15,762.56 cumec) and the revised MWL is 698.4 m. The dam top level is at RL 2299 ft (700.73 m).Accordingly, the available free board above the revised MWL is 2.3 m, which is sufficient as per IS 10635.

2.2 Flood Management at Kabini and Kabini Reservoirs

2.2.1 Gate Operations: The Karnataka Engineering Research Station (KERS) has carried out model studies of kabini reservoir spillway and generated a table indicating the discharge with reference to gate opening versus reservoir level and also for free-flowing condition which is being used for measurement of discharge through spillway crest gates.

2.2.2 Recommended Gate Operation Procedures for Normal Flow Conditions During normal flow condition, the spillway radial crest gates will not be operated or are kept in closed condition unless and otherwise there is a flash flood.. The river sluice gates will be operated only during the service & the discharge required for the drinking water purpose for the villages coming all along the river . Regarding the irrigation sluice gates is concerned, the gates will be operated to allow the required discharge through the irrigation canals.

2.2.3 Sequence of Opening or Closing of Gates. According to the model test results provided by KERS, Krishnarajasagar, relate to the condition when all 4 gates are open, it is recommended that all 4 gates be operated for releasing water over the spillway. The gates are numbered 1 to 4.

If, even when water is being released through the turbines at full capacity, the reservoir level tends to rise above 2243.9 ft(683.94 m) and the crest gates should be opened, starting with the end gates first (i.e., gate No.1 and 4), then the gates at the center (gates 2 and 3) in a systematic manner, such that no gate· is opened more than 0.2m. If the release over the spillway is to be further increased, the gates are opened further in a similar manner, no gate openingbeing more than 0.4m. Further opening of gates, if required is done in the same way, keeping the difference in the openings of any two adjacent gates• not more than 0.2m.

During the recession part of the inflow hydrograph, it may be necessary to close the crest gates in order to maintain the reservoir level accorning to operation manual. In such a case, the closure of the gates should be done in the reverse order; the gate opened last being closed first, the entire operation being such that the difference between the adjacent gate openings never exceed 0.2-m.

2.2.4 Inflow Forecasting During monsoon, incident rains in the catchment area cause the flash floods in Cauvery River. These floods may lead to problems like people getting displaced from their homes, huge damage to crops and other assets. The floods can have disastrous impact on the environment also. Adequate measures are required to be taken up in advance to control and regulate the flow water in the river. The regulation of flood water released from the Dams in Karnataka is very important and has a most impact in Karnataka. The following measures are essential for effective management of floods in Cauvery River during the monsoons. 1) Nomination of liaising officers for respective reservoirs. 2) Sharing of Sub-basin wise directory of concerned officers responsible for flood management. Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 26 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 3) Exchange of data regarding rainfall, releases from dams, reservoir water levels. 4) Reservoir operation schedules.

Exchange of data regarding rainfall, releases from dams, reservoir water levels. The Water resource department office has established office at Bavali during 2013 for assisting in flood warning in the Cauvery River Basin. Based on the rainfall in the catchment and flow in the river and tributaries, WRDO will furnish flood forecasting reports to office of Dam sub division, whenever probable flow at Kabini is more than 20000 cusecs. It also informs the trend of flow (Raising, steady or Falling) The list of rain gauges in the catchment of Cauvery basin and daily rainfall is to be col- lected by concerned offices. It will be helpful for prediction of probable floods in the river. During monsoon daily water releases from the Dams/Barrages at 8 hrs.& 16 hrs.in normal situation and hourly data exchange during heavy floods is necessary. In this regard, the data is required to be established. The data regarding exchange floods is made available to the Revenue authorities and public by broadcasting in AIR, TV and publication in news papers. Flood warning system in catchment area: The regulation of flood from the dams on upstream of Kabini reservoir is very crucial to quantify the inflow of floods into Kabini dam. The office of WRDO will be coordinated to assist in the flood forecasting accordingly, sequence of opening or closing of gates will be taken up in accordance with the approved gate operation schedule. Flood communication system: The widely time tested Communication to reach every corner of the flood affected zones have been radio and television and private media for the people to move to safer places by themselves in an emergency. Communication is very important in such occasions these days due to revolution in the telecommunication system; there is available, network of mobile phones. Advantage of this facility will be taken. Mobile numbers of all such staff will be listed and made available to all the personnel who have been assigned duty of disaster management.

2.2.5 Methodology of Flood Regulation at Kabini

2.2.5.1 Inflow Computation Inflowinto reservoirs is normally estimated by the reservoir gauging method (also called the rise and fall method or inflow-outflow method).All the outflows are added together and to it difference of capacities with respect to the reservoir levels at certain time intervals will be added or substracted as case may be (raise or fall).

2.2.5.2 Examples of Inflow Computation

Procedure for calculation of reservoir capacity and inflow

Step 1:-Consideringthe previous day’sreservoir leveland capacity as base material. Step 2:-Taking the reservoir level from dam site. Step 3:-Calculation of reservoir capacity for observed level byusing area- capacity table by interpolation method. Step 4:-Comparingthepresentdayreservoirarea and capacity with the previousday values. Step 5:-Calculationoftotal outflows from the reservoir in the previous 24 hours (including Mysuru and Bengaluru city drinking water supply).

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 27 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 Step 6:-Calcualtion of inflows by the addition oftotal outflows and difference ofcapacity which arrived in step 4 (i.e., total outflows + reservoir capacity). Example:-For date of 6-10-2016

Diff in Reservoir Capacity Area (in Average area Date capacity (in level (in ft) (in Mcft) acres) (in acres) Mcft) 21-11-2019 2882.14 18327.68 18327.68 - 14267.00 18161.09= 14204.00 22-11-2019 2881.87 18161.09 14141.00 166.59

Total outflows in the previous 24 hours :

1) River- 900 cusecs 2) KLBC- 50 cusecs 3) KRBC- 1300 cusecs

Total- 2250 cusecs x 0.0864=194.00 Mcft, Evaporation losses = 6.90 Mcft = 201.30 Mcft

Inflows=Total outflows+diff. in cpacity from table

201.30 - 166.59= 34.71 Mcft/0.0864 = 401 cusecs.

2.2.5.3 Rule Curve:

The Kabini Reservoir rule curve is developed for Month versus Storage capacity and Month versus Reservoir Level for the FRL 2284.00 ft and the same is represented in tabular form and graphical form as below.

Table 7 -Rule curve table of Kabini Reservoir showing month and storage capacity

Month Storage capacity in TMC

January 13.68

February 12.84

March 11.25

April 9.28

May 7.42

June 9.63

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 28 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 July 15.93

August 17.44

September 17.71

October 16.97

November 16.02

December 14.27

Figure 7 - Month versus storage capacity

20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00

STORAGE STORAGE IN TMC 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00

MONTHS

Table 8 -Rule curve table of Kabini Reservoir showing month and reservoir elevation.

Month Reservoir level in feet

January 2273.307

February 2271.515

March 2268.055

April 2263.514

May 2259.168

June 2264.034

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 29 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 July 2277.706

August 2280.543

September 2280.880

October 2279.595

November 2277.835

December 2274.418

Figure 8 - Month versus Reservoir Level

2285.00 2280.00 2275.00 2270.00 2265.00 2260.00

2255.00 RESERVOIR RESERVOIR LEVEL IN FEET 2250.00 2245.00

MONTH

GUIDE LINES FOR THE FLOOD REGULATION OF KABINI RESERVOIR

The following are the guide lines for the regulation and operation of the Kabini Reservoir based on the data furnished in the detailed No. to revised from the Superintending Kabini Project circle in No:PRJ3/KRP:RNOULATION/CHART/73-74/20205-06,Dated: 07-03-74.

The following guide lines are tentative and can be suitably modified during the current year depending upon any series flood intensity and duration etc.., Any modification necessary for future years shall based on the actual operation during the current season.

(1) The maximum draw down level of the reservoir shall be kept at RL – 2264 i.e. 20’ above the crest level of the spillway at the beginning of the irrigation season i.e. During the Ist Book of April.

(2) The lake level shall be raised to RL – 2270 from April, to June 15th from the inflow into the reservoir to facilities issue of water for irrigation in both the channels by June. June 15th. Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 30 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 (3) Beyond June 15th and up to the end of September the reservoir level shall not be less than RL – 2270. The flood received during this period ie,. June 15th to 1st October shall be passed on downstream of the dam in to the river by Judicious regulation of the spillway gates including the drawls into the irrigation.

(4) Between October 1st and November 30th ie,. During the receding floods the reservoir levels may be brought up to RL – 2280 maintained as such. Any excess inflow into the river after meeting the river through the spillway gates.

(5) The working table for rabbi irrigation shall be prepared on the above basis such that the reservoir level at the end of Rabi irrigation season is maintained at RL – 2264 and remaining as such on April 1st.

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2.2.6 Summary of Flood Regulation Procedure. The flood regulation procedures at Kabini can be summarized in the following 5 steps: · 1 Observe the reservoir level at 1 hour intervals. 2 Determinethe total outflow occurringatall outlets(including river sluices, canals, spillway, turbines) 3 Estimate the inflow. 4 Determine the radial gate opening from the bottom part of table 7 as the case maybe. 5 Open all 4 gates to the extent as required step by step as stated above in the proper sequence . At Kabini, the gates are operated to maintain constant reservoir level, i.e., release is equal to the inflow. 6 The procedure being followed in gate operation is as below. a. The end gates should normally be opened first to prevent cross flow striking against the guide walls and junctions. b. At any time during the operation of different gates, the difference in gate opening of any two consecutive gates should not exceed 50 cm. c. After opening the end gates, the gates at the centre should be opened and other gates should be opened in symmetrical manner starting from the centre towards the end through gradual increase in the openings. d. While closing the gates, the gate that was opened last should be closed first. The procedure to be followed for closing the gates would generally be the reverse of the procedure followed for opening the gates. Complete closure of the gates should be accomplished by gradual lowering of the gates by 20 cm to 30 cm in the proper sequence.

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 32 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 TABLE -9 CAPACITY AND WATER SPREAD TABLES OF KABINI RESERVOIR Height Water Spread Area Capacity in M.cft Net Capacity above Above Reservoir River level in ft Area In In million In each Above Above Bed Cumulative Acres Sqft Foot Plus 15 Plus 45

2204.00 0 ------

5.00 1 56 2.576 1.390 1.390 - -

6.00 2 149 6.782 4.510 5.900 - -

7.00 3 226 9.836 8.260 14.160 - -

8.00 4 286 12.417 11.100 25.270 - -

9.00 5 344 14.985 13.680 38.950 - -

2210.00 6 393 17.119 16.050 55.000 - -

11.00 7 452 19.689 18.720 73.720 - -

12.00 3 521 22.696 21.260 94.980 - -

13.00 3 604 26.3 24.250 119.240 - -

14.00 10 701 30.535 28.490 147.730 - -

15.00 11 757 33.062 31.560 179.290 - -

16.00 12 822 35.073 36.440 213.590 - -

17.00 13 897 37.073 36.440 250.040 - -

18.00 14 978 42.602 39.810 289.840 - -

19.00 15 1008 46.552 44.550 334.390 - -

2220.00 16 1129 49.179 47.850 382.240 47.85 -

21.00 17 1196 52.098 50.970 433.200 98.81 -

22.00 18 1270 55.321 53.70 486.91 152.52 -

23.00 19 1360 58.806 56.90 543.81 209.48 -

24.00 20 1442 62.814 6065.00 604.53 270.16 -

25.00 21 1502 65.428 64.13 668.59 334.20 -

26.00 22 1568 69.302 66.84 735.43 401.04 -

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27.00 23 1638 71.351 69.80 805.24 470.85 -

28.00 24 1714 74.662 73.00 878.24 542.85 -

29.00 25 1798 78.321 76.48 954.72 620.33 -

2230.00 26 1883 82.023 80.17 1039.89 705.50 -

2231.00 27 1972 85.900 83.98 1118.87 784.48 -

32.00 28 2056 89.995 87.93 1206.80 872.41 -

33.00 29 2164 94.264 92.12 1298.92 964.53 -

34.00 30 2267 98.251 96.50 1395.42 1001.03 -

35.00 31 2404 104.778 101.69 1407.11 1072.72 -

36.00 32 2547 110.947 107.82 1514.94 1180.55 -

37.00 33 2696 117.438 114.96 1629.20 1294.91 -

38.00 34 2858 122.494 120.94 1750.06 1415.67 -

39.00 35 3029 131.943 128.18 1878.24 1543.85 -

2240.00 36 3355 146.144 139.00 2017.24 1692.85 -

41.00 37 3698 161.090 153.61 2170.85 1736.46 -

42.00 38 4056 176.679 168.76 2339.61 1995.22 -

43.00 59 4430 192.971 184.78 2524.39 2190.00 -

44.00 40 4825 210.090 201.49 2725.88 2391.00 -

45.00 41 4950 215.682 212.89 2938.77 2604.38 -

46.00 42 5082 221.372 218.52 3157.29 2822.90 -

47.00 43 5222 227.470 224.45 3391.73 3047.34 3381.74

48.00 44 5382 233.830 230.67 3612.37 3277.98 -

49.00 45 5520 240.451 237.13 3849.50 3513.11 -

2250.00 46 5871 255.741 248.06 4097.55 3764.16 348.05

51.00 47 6236 271.170 263.96 4361.51 4027.12 512.01

52.00 48 6616 288.193 279.94 4641.45 4307.06 791.95

53.00 49 7010 305.356 296.75 4938.20 4603.81 1088.70

54.00 50 7418 322.129 313.75 5251.93 4917.54 1408.43

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55.00 51 7575 329.967 326.03 5577.96 5243.57 1728.46

56.00 52 7737 337.024 333.53 5911.49 5577.10 2061.99

57.00 53 7905 344.342 346.69 6258.18 5917.77 2401.68

58.00 54 8076 351.791 349.71 6601.89 6267.50 2752.39

59.00 55 8251 359.414 355.61 6957.50 6623.11 3108.00

2260.00 56 8563 373.004 366.212 7323.70 6989.31 3474.20

61.00 57 8888 387.161 380.06 7703.76 7369.37 3954.26

62.00 58 9224 401.797 391.78 8095.54 7761.15 4246.04

63.00 59 9569 419.726 410.39 8505.93 8170.56 4656.45

64.00 60 9928 432.444 426.08 8932.03 8597.64 5082.53

65.00 61 10121 440.870 436.68 9368.71 9034.32 5519.21

66.00 62 10319 445.476 443.21 9811.92 9477.53 5962.42 67.00 63 10522 458.338 451.94 10263.96 9929.57 6414.46

68.00 64 10730 467.399 462.88 10726.84 10392.42 6877.34

69.00 65 10946 476.868 472.16 11199.00 10864.61 7349.50

2270.00 66 11206 488.133 482.16 11681.16 11346.77 7831.66

71.00 67 11468 499.346 493.83 12174.99 11830.60 8315.49

72.00 68 11740 511.394 505.44 12680.43 12526.04 9010.93

73.00 69 12020 531.532 521.58 13202.01 12867.62 9352.49

74.00 70 12315 536.354 534.16 13736.17 13401.78 9886.67

75.00 71 12415 540.797 538.62 14274.79 13940.40 104525.29 76.00 72 12520 545.371 542.75 14817.54 14483.15 10968.04 77.00 73 12629 550.119 547.6 15365.14 15530.75 11515.64

78.00 74 12742 555.042 552.99 15918.13 15583.74 12068.63

79.00 75 12862 560.289 556.83 16474.96 11640.57 12625.46

2280.00 76 13297 579.217 569.76 17044.73 16710.34 13195.23

81.00 77 13743 598.645 592.02 17636.75 17301.96 13786.85 82.00 78 14200 614.552 603.2 18239.95 17905.56 14390.45

83.00 79 14669 638.982 626.75 18866.60 18532.30 15017.19

2284.00 80 15158 660.282 649.68 19516.28 - -

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Table 10 - Tables of Discharges for spillway Crest Gates

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2.3 Operation of Radial Crest Gates of Kabini Dam

2.3.1 Brief Description. Crest Gates· of Kabini Dam have been designed withspillway crest of 683.94 m and FRL of 696.13 m. The basic principal of the design is that . the water pressure is transferred to piers and abutments through skin plates, stiffeners horizontal girders, arms, trunion, tie flats and anchor girders. The skin plates between bottom and top horizontal girders is designed as supported on the girders. The portion below the bottom horizontal girder up to sill beam and above top horizontal girder and up to FRL is designed as cantilever.

In order to make design structurally sound and most economical, appropriate elevation for three horizontal girders have been chosen. The top horizontal girder have been located at RL 696.13 m.

Radial Crest Gates of 4 Nos of Size 12.19 X 12.19 metre being provided with the conventional Electro-mechanical Rope drum hoist.

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2.3.2 Radial Crest Gates – Technical Data The spillway has a discharging length of 160' comprising of four bays of 40' each. The crest level of the spillway is R.L 2244, 4 No’s of 40'X40' radial gates have been provided with individual hoists. At full opening of the gate the total discharging capacity of the spillway is 1,54,000.0 cusecs.

2.3.3 Salient Features

Sl. No. Feature Description i. Type of gate Spillway Crest Radial gate ii. Size of Gate 40’ x 40’ iii. No. of Gates 4Nos (Gate 1 to4) iv. Clear width of opening 28’ a) Local Control Panel v. Operation Arrangement b) Manual Operation vi. Gate position Indicator a) Mechanical Dial Indicator at Gate Location

Crest level of spillway EL 683.94 M Sill level of Gate EL 683.94 M Top of Gate EL 696.13 M FRL EL 696.13M MWL EL 696.13M

2.3.4 Photographs of Electro-mechanical network of gates.

1.Downstream view of crest gate

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2. Photo showing the control panel of the radial crest gate.

3. Photo showing the machinery assembly of the canal sluice gate.

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4.View showing the gate horizontal girder, end radial arms, trunnion hub &trunnion anchorages etc.

5.Photo showing the rope drums of operating system of river sluice gates

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6.Photo showing the control panel and other accessories of the river sluice gate.

7.Photo showing wire ropes & pulleys in the river sluice gate well.

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0200_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 69 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 2.4 Operating Instructions The Gates are operated by power motors. The power motors are capable of fully opening or fully closing the gates, holding them fully opened or in any intermediate position, during either the opening or closing operation. The closing time and the opening time is 15 minutes. The gates are operated fully closed to fully opened or intermediate partially opening positions. The gates must be operated as per the instructions and procedures as described in subsequent paragraphs.

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2.4.1 Checklist before Operation A. The following steps are to be taken before operation of the gates to ensure these eight critical functions are in good working condition.

Sequence Description Actions to be carried out The seal clamp fixing should be such as to ensure that the Step 1 Seal Clamp side seals are flexible enough The location and alignment of guide rollers should be Step 2 Guide Roller checked. Limit Switches shallbe checkedfor satisfactory operation Step 3 Limit Switch (function) to stop the hoist automatically when the gate. reaches the fully opened or fully closed position All nuts, bolts and screws shall be checked for wear, tear and Step 4 Nut & Bolts tightness Gate pin, connecting pin and all other pins shouldbe in Step 5 Pins proper position and ensure that the nuts and split pins are tight and proper TrunnionLu- To check and apply the high pressure lubricating grease in Step 6 brication trunnion bushing from the hole provided in trunnion hub Control Panel shall be checked for its suitability for the purpose envisaged. The check may include terms such as weather proofing, conducting wires, etc. In case of any Step 7 Control Panel contact chatter, clean the magnet surface and try again. If the chattering continues, check the coil voltage and replace the contact / coil, if necessary

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D. Leakage oil circuit for partial opening of the gate

The output the transmitter shall be sensed in the electrical control panel. This sensing shall take place 2 minutes after switching off the pumps. If the leakage corresponds to approx. 150mm of the gate drop then one of the pumps shall be switched on to open the gate and return to the original position.

Attention: If the gate drops even further, even though the pump is operating correctly, to a value of 300-mm lower than the fully open position the limit switch ‘Leakage Alarm’ is activated. The whole driving system is switched off and can be restarted only after pushing ‘Reset’.

1. Normal closing of the Gate:

1.1 Electrical motors item 9.1 or 9.2 is started without load 1.2 After approx. 3sec. The solenoid of directional control value is switched. 1.3 After additional 3 sec. the pressure switches Item 10.1, Item 10.2 and item 12 are connected. 1.4 The gate is closing and can be stopped manual or from the remote control in every intermediate position. The electrical motors: the solenoid of directional control value and the Pressure switches are disconnected. 1.5 If the gate does not stop in any intermediate position the gate is close up to the limit switch ‘FullClosed’. After approx. 5sec. The electrical motors: the solenoid of directional control value and the Pressure switches are disconnected.

Note: For the closed position we have provided 5 sec. over- time after switches of the limit switch. This to be sure that the gate is pushed in the bottom seal.

2. Manual Operation

2.1 Direction Control Valve (D.C.) Value item 27 shall be put in position B for Gate opening. 2.2 Value pos. 19.1/19.2 must be closed and 17 to be opened. 2.3 Hand pump item 16 shall be operated. 2.4 D.C. Valve - item 27 shall be put in pos A for gate closing.

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2.4.2 TROUBLE SHOOTING For trouble shooting of the major components like rope drum hoisting systems, Electrical motor etc., brief observations and possible causes are shown below. These can be used as a ‘first-sight’ trouble-shooting of the above stated hydraulic components. Observations of potentially defective or failing parts/equipment are critical to maintain a safely operated dam. Rope drum hoisting systems * Excessive Noise - Damaged bearings. - Improper gate alignment - Excessive speed. - Improper balance of Wire rope - Due to Non-rotation of rollers - Damaged guide track.

Electrical motor. Excessive Noise - Damaged bearings. - Improper assembly of rotor, fan cover etc. - Excessive speed.

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2.5.1 Description: Intake channel, intake structure, trash racks, closure method, upstream conveyance structure, gate chamber, downstream conveyance structure, control structure, stilling basin, exit channel, power sources, diversion during construction, bypass system).

2.5.1.1 RIVER SLUICE GATES: The Kabini dam is provided with 3No’s of River Sluice Gates of size 2.24 M x 4.27 Min pier NO 1, 2, 3 and Gantry Crane of 25 T capacity is commissioned for the operation of emergency gates.

HEAD REGULATOR:

Two irrigation sluices, one on each bank take off with cill level at RL 2249.00 (685.5 m). The left irrigation sluice (KLBC) consists of two vents of size 4’ x 6’ ( 1.22 x 1.83 m) with a discharge capacity of 90 cusecs. The right irrigation sluice (KRBC) consists of 5 vents of size 8’x10’(2.44 x 3.05 m) with a discharge capacity of 3,800 cusecs.

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2.5.2.1 General: Above mentioned structures are in good conditions. Water has been released at downstream side when the water level depletes below crest level of 683.94m through river sluices safely. The water is being let out through the irrigation sluice gates for KRBC and KLBC canal for irrigation purpose.

Both the Head Works are commissioned and water is being let out to canals by lifting the water with the help of pumps installed in both the Head Works and working satis- factorily.

2.5.2.2 Deficiencies and problems. No deficiencies are noticed since commissioning.

2.5.2.3 Potential problems. No potential problems are not come across.

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2.5.3 Historical Events. (Maximum releases to date, modifications, damage reports, examinations, etc,). Kabini Left Bank Kabini Right Bank

Canal Canal a) Length ( Km) 26.5 200 b) Capacity ( Cumecs) 2.54 65.13 c) Area irrigated / contemplated in 1177.66 2977.49 hectares

2.5.4 Operation:

2.5.4.1 General Water has been released at downstream side when the water level depletes below crest level of 683.94m through river sluices safely as per the requirements of Kabini authorities for irrigation purpose. The water is being let out through the irrigation sluice gates for KRBC and KLBC canal for irrigation purpose.

2.5.4.2 Restrictions: There are no restrictions for operation of river sluice gates and as well as irrigation sluice gates as per water requirements from Kabini and discharge in KRBC and KLBC canal.

2.5.4.3 Mechanical: River Sluice Gates and Irrigation Sluice Gates are operated by electro-mechanical system and in- case of power failure, these gates can be operatedby generators. The discharge calibration tables for discharge through river sluice and canal sluice gates have been made on the basis of the formula Q= 0.85*sqrt (2gH)*A. Where :

A = Area of sluice gate opening. G = Acceleration due to gravity. H = Height measured from water level in the reservoir to the centre of the opening.

2.5.5 References:

2.5.5.1 Reports and Data. 1) KABINI Project Report

2.5.5.2 Drawings: 1) Plan and L section of kabini dam. 2) Drawing of Irrigation Sluices is enclosed.

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2.6.1 Description (Intake structures, trash racks, closure method, penstocks, turbines, tailrace, exit channel, etc.) Power House is situated at the foot of Kabini Dam on the right bank of the Dam. The power house has consists of a total of two generating units of 10MWeach. Following are the Power outlets details.

Intake structure:

System consists of 1 X 10 HP Motor driven gear box installed at Dam top where the penstock starts. It is used for arresting the water flow to penstock during machine shutdown/maintenance time.

Penstocks: Location: Off takes from kabini reservoir through dam Length: 130 m embedded F.R.L: 696.16m Type: Embedded below ground level Single Penstock unto wye piece: 50m length &5.49m dia. Two Penstock after wye piece: 80m length & 4.50m dia. Thickness = 16mm thick MS

Turbines: 2 x 10MW Type Vertical Kaplan Maximum Net Head 23.3 M Maximum Net Head 12.0 M Rated Design Head 18.0 M Discharge rated capacity 70.79 Cumecs Efficiency @ rated head @ rated 0.9 Output 90.65%

2.7 ACCESS ROADS 2.7.1 Description (Type of road, length, bridges, maintaining agency, etc.) Type of road: Asphalt road. Length: 10.75 km Bridges: Nil Maintaining agency: Maintaining departmentally. 2.7.2 Condition General: Road is in good condition 2.7.3 Problems and deficiency: Nil

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2.8 RECORD KEEPING Operating a dam includes keeping accurate records of items pertaining to project operation. These include but not limited to the following:- 1. Rainfall and Reservoir Levels – On daily basis during non-monsoon and on hourly basis during monsoon. (see Chapters 2, 3 and 4 for detailed instructions and procedures) 2. Release through outlet/sluices on daily basis for irrigation, water supply, hydropower etc. 3. Outflows through spillway during monsoon on hourly basis. 4. Records of drawdown with reservoir levels, quantity of water released, drawdown rates, rea- son for drawdown. 5. Other Procedures – Maintain a complete record of all operating procedures for gates, sluices and control system.

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The current practice of Inspection at Kabini dam envisages the Subdivision Officers to carryout pre-monsoon and post-monsoon inspections. The checklist proformaincluded in this chapter is- currently in use at Kabini dam. Detailed description on project inspections is available in the Guideline for Safety Inspection of dams (Doc No. CDSO_GUD_DS_07_ v1.0), CWC 2018 (https://damsafety.in/ecm-includes/PDFs/Guidelines_for_Safety_Inspection_of_Dams.pdf). However an overview of the various types of inspections to be carried out at Kabini dam is given below. Note that for uploading In- spection Data into DHARMA, the Inspection Instructions & Forms given in the aforementioned Guideline for Safety Inspection of Dams must be used (see Appendix 5)).An effective inspection program is essential toidentify problems and to keep Kabini Dam in a good and healthy condition This Chapter provides guidance on carrying out other inspections. 3.1 Types of Inspections Four different types of dam safety inspections are available for being carried out at Kabini Dam. These include, but not limited, to the following: 1. Comprehensive evaluation inspections Scheduled inspections (Pre & Post monsoon inspections & other scheduled inspections) Special (unscheduled) inspections Informal inspections The frequency of each type of inspection depends on the condition of the dam and State DSO regulations, etc. Typical inspection elements and the detail of the safety inspections are provided below. More detailed descriptions are given in the ‘Guideline for Safety Inspection of Dams’ (CWC 2018). A checklist has been modified from the guideline to fit Kabini requirements and is found in Appendix 5. This comphrehensive checklist allows for recording the status of each item being inspected and the overall condition of the equipment along with any consequential risks the condition may have on the health of the dam.

3.1.1 Comprehensive Evaluation Inspections For comprehensive dam safety evaluation an independent panel of experts known as Dam Safety Review Panel (DSRP) needs to be constituted for determining the condition of the dam and appurtenant works. The panel will undertake evaluation of the dam once in 10 years or on occurrence of any extreme hydrological or seismic event or any unusual condition of the dam or in the reservoir rim. The terms of reference of the comprehensive dam safety evaluation shall include but not be limited to; 1. General assessment of hydrologic and hydraulic conditions, review of design flood, flood routing for revised design flood and mitigation measures. • Review and analysis of available data of dam design including seismic safety, construction, operation maintenance and performance of dam structure and appurtenant works. • Evaluation of procedures for operation, maintenance and inspection of dam and to suggest improvements / modifications.

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 79 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 • Evaluation of any possible hazardous threat to the dam structure such as dam abutment slope stability failure or slope failures along the reservoir periphery. A comprehensive evaluation inspection of Kabini consists of five major parts: 1. Review of project records (i.e. study of all design / construction records/drawings, history of the dam’s performance, past inspection notes/reports, notes on distress observed/ any rehabilitation measures undertaken earlier, instrumentation data and its interpretation including . 2. Inspection of the dam and its appurtenant works. 3. To review the results and reports of additional field investigations & laboratory testing as required. 4. Review of design studies e.g. Review of design flood, checking of the adequacy of spillway capacity, freeboard requirements, dam stability,and any special study as required. 5. Preparation of a detailed report of the inspection.

3.1.2 Scheduled Inspections Scheduled inspections shall consist of Pre-monsoon & Post-monsoon inspection and any other inspections carried out by the State Dam Safety Organisation / any Expert panels constituted by the dam owner. These inspections are performed to gather information on the current condition of the dam and its appurtenant works. This information is then used to establish needed repairs and repair schedules, and to assess the safety and operational adequacy of the dam. Scheduled inspections are also performed to evaluate previous repairs. The purpose of scheduled inspections is to keep the dam and its appurtenant structures in good operating condition and to maintain a safe structure. As such, these inspections and timely maintenance will minimize long-term costs and will extend the life of the dam. Scheduled inspections are performed more frequently than comprehensive evaluation inspections to detect at an early stage any developments that may be detrimental to the dam. These inspections involve assessing operational capability as well as structural stability and detection of any problems and to correct them before the conditions worsen. The field examinations should be made by the personnel assigned responsibility for monitoring the safety of the dam. If the dam or appurtenant works have instrumentation, the individual responsible for monitoring should analyze measurements as they are received and include an evaluation of that data. Dam Inspection Report or an inspection brief should be prepared following the field visit (Dam Inspection Report is recommended). Scheduled inspections include the following four components as a minimum:

• File review of past inspection reports, monitoring data, photographs, maintenance records, or other pertinent data as may be required;

• Visual inspection of the dam and its appurtenant works;

• Preparation of a report or inspection brief, with relevant documentation and photographs. The report should be filed in the dam owner’s project files.

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 80 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 3.1.3 Special (Unscheduled) Inspections Special inspections may need to be performed to resolve specific concerns or conditions at the site on an unscheduled basis. Special inspections are not regularly scheduled activities, but are usually made before or immediately after the dam or appurtenant works have been subjected to unusual events or conditions, such as an unusually high flood or a significant earthquake. These inspections are to be carried out after an initial assessment based on informal inspection carried out by project personnel reveal dam safety related concerns like cracking in the dam, damages, erosion/ scour, undermining/ piping/ sink holes/ liquefaction or any such undesirable feature. A special inspection may also be performed during an emergency, such as an impending dam breach, to evaluate specific areas or concerns. They are also made when the ongoing surveillance program identifies a condition or a trend that appears to warrant a special evaluation. Special inspections should focus on those dam components that are affected by the unusual event and should include at least three elements: 1) review of relevant files or data, 2) visual inspection, and 3) report preparation. More detailed site investigations / studies may be required (such as drilling, surveys, or seepage flow estimates) if the special inspection reveals the need for the same. Photographic documentation is to be included as part of the inspection.

3.1.4 Informal Inspections The last type of inspection, an informal inspection, is a continuing effort by on-site personnel (dam owners/operators and maintenance personnel) performed during their routine duties. Informal inspections are critical to the proper operation and maintenance of the dam. They consist of frequent observations of the general appearance and functioning of the dam and appurtenant structures. Operators, maintenance crews, or other staff who are posted at Kabinidam site conduct informal inspections. These people are the ‘first-line of defense’ in assuring safe dam conditions, and it is their responsibility to be familiar with all aspects of the dam. Their vigilance in walking the dam, checking the operating equipment, and noting changes in conditions may prevent serious mishaps or even dam failures. Informal inspections are important and are performed at every available opportunity. These inspections may only cover one or two dam components as the occasion presents itself, or they may cover the entire dam and its appurtenant structures. The informal inspections are not as detailed as comprehensive evaluation, scheduled, and special inspections and will only require that a formal report is submitted to the dam owner’s project files if a condition is detected that might endanger the dam. Report is to be submitted detailing the condition discovered along with photographs, time, reswervoir water level (RWL), etc. 3.2 Pre- and Post-Monsoon Check list and Example of Report Pro-formas Detailed checklists are required to ensure the health of the dam continues to operate in satisfactory and safe condition. Details of the inspection must be in alignment with the DHARMA approved checklist attached to this document (see Appendix 5).

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PRO-FORMA FOR PERIODICAL INSPECTION OF LARGE DAMS GENERAL Date of Inspection: ______Sl. Item of Inspection Remarks No. 1 1a 1b 2 3 1. Name of project KabiniDam 2. Purpose of Project Multi-Purpose 3. Name of Dam KABINI DAM. 4. Year of Completion 1974 5. Benefits accrued: a) Irrigation Irrigation b) Water Supply Nil c) Power Power d) Other benefits Nil

6. Important Controlling Levels ( in meters)

Top of dam a) a)Earth dam 700.74 M b)Masonry dam 699.17 M b) Maximum Water Level 696.16 M. c) Full Reservoir Level 696.16M d) Sill level of Irrigation sluices 685.50 M. e) Sill level of scouring sluices 676.31M. f) Spillway crest level 683.94 M. g) Minimum draw down level 690.64 M. h) Lowest river bed level 671.75 M. i) Deepest foundation level 479.95 M.

7. Important Salient Features

a) Dead Storage Capacity 99.68 Mcum. b) Area of foreshore at F.R.L 60.60Sq.Km. Design flood adopted c) (PMF / SPF / Any other) PMF-5494cumecs. Give relevant magnitude

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Design spillway discharge capacity and d) Ogee type Spill Way 5494Cumecs. type of spillway 8. RADIAL TYPE, 4 numbers of a) Type, number and size of spillway gates. 12.19m X 12.19m size. Location, sill level and capacity of low level River Sluice 3Nos–2.24m X b) outlets and scouring sluices. 4.27m,333.28Cumecs. c) Height of the dam in meters. i) above deepest foundation 59.45m ii) Above lowest river bed 28.96 m d) Gross storages capacity in million cubic meters i) At F.R.L. 552.70 MCM (19.52TMC) ii) At M.W.L 552.70 MCM (19.52TMC) e) Length of the dam in meters. 2732.55m. 1) Shri. Chief Engineer, CNNL, irrigation south, Mysuru. 2) Shri. Superintending Engineer, 9. Name and designation of the inspecting officer CNNL, Kabini and varuna Circle, Mysuru. 3). E.E.KABINIDam Division. Kabini colony, Kabini Date of inspection and the corresponding reser- 10. voir water level. Date of Inspection : 1) Chief Engineer, CNNL, Dam Zone, Kabini Reservoir Level: ………..M 2) Superintending Engineer, CNNL, Dam circle, Date of Inspection :

Kabini. Reservoir Level: ………...M 3) Executive Engineer, CNNL, Dam Division Date of Inspection : Res-

Kabini. ervoir Level: …………M Maximum: ………………M Maximum and minimum water levels reached Dt: 11. during the last season with dates Minimum: ………………M Dt: Maximum overflow during preceding monsoon Max. Outflow: ………….. cusecs 12. with dates. Dt: History of past distress, if any, and brief details of 13. remedial measures carried out.

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Does the officer-in-charge of the operation and 14. maintenance of dam possess all the records as given in the Annexure-I. When and by whom the dam was inspected im- 15. ------mediately preceding this inspection? Are the items pointed out during the last inspec- 16. tion properly attended to? ------(If not state deficiencies yet to be corrected).

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REVISED PRO-FORMAT FOR HEALTH STATUS REPORT OF LARGE DAMS (Keeping in view CWC letter No. 627-56 Dt. 28-08-2002)

Sl. Items of the Reply No. Health Status Report

1 Name of Dam Kabini Dam

2 Sl. No. in the National Register of Large Dam Project Identification Code PIC KA06HH0098

3 Dam features

a) Year of Completion 1974.

Location

b) i) Longitude 75° 20' 17˝ E

ii) Latitude 11° 56' 27˝ N

c) Height of Dam 59.45m above the lowest foundation

Gross Capacity 19.52 TMC d) (Gated/Un gated) Gated

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e) Whether the Dam is provided with Drainage Gallery or not. Provided with Drainage Gallery of size 1.52 m X 2.28 m

Type of Dam: Composite Dam: Spillway: Gated spillway with 4Nos of Radial Crest gates of size 12.19 m X 12.19 m. 4 Main Component of Dam Length of concrete spillway dam-486.50mtr. Length of Masonry non-overflow Dam- 676.33 mtr. Length of earthen Dam: 402.00M.

5 Date of Inspection

6 Inspecting Officer Chief Engineer, irrigation south, CNNL, Mysuru.

7 Observations/Significant Deficiencies Noticed

I Inadequate Spillway.

II Inadequate free-board

III Cracks in Masonry / Concrete / Earth Dam

a) Masonry/concrete dams and

b) Structural cracking in earth dams

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IV Inadequate

a) Flood forecasting system

b) Flood warning system

c) Communication

V Excessive seepage through,

a) Drainage holes

b) Porous pipes

c) Downstream face of dam

d) Downstream area etc.

e) Development of high uplift pressure

VI Excessive leaching

VII Choking of porous drains.

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VIII Choking of drainage holes

IX Mal-operation of gates

X Non-availability of standby/ alternative source of power

Structural Review indicating tension on the upstream face XI of dam

XII Non-availability of Emergency Action Plan.

8 Performance of Dam

Based on Instruments installed in the dam (Water Level Recorder, V-

notch, etc.,)

Of Meteorological Instruments installed in the catchment area and res-

ervoirs of Dams.

Is the hydraulic performance in agreement with the results of model stud-

ies?

Any other issue / issues pertaining to performance of dam which the

Engineer-in-Chief / Chief Engineer in-charge of dam desires to include.

9 Remedial Measures Suggested.

10 Remarks

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11 Action Taken Report.

Assistant Executive Engineer Executive Engineer Superintending Engineer Sub Division, In-charge of dam. In-charge of dam. In-charge of dam.

Certified that the Health Status Report of KABINI DAM is furnished after a thorough review of the same by the technical wing of the zone (this has reference to Para 18.3.5 of the Proceedings of 18th meeting of SLDSC).

Engineer-in-Chief / Chief Engineer In-charge of dam.

Performance of Dam Instruments

Sl. Name of Dam Name of Instrument No. of Instru- Performance Status of data Analysis Remarks No. with location ments

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Separate Sheets Enclosed. (Vide Annexure-1 )

Assistant executive engineerExecutive Engineer Superintending Engineer Engineer-in-Chief / Chief Engineer In-charge of dam.In-charge of dam. In-charge of dam In-charge of dam.

Performance of Meteorological Instruments pertaining to Large Dams in Karnataka

Sl. Name of Dam with No. of In- Status of data Name of Instrument Performance Remarks No. location struments Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Details to be furnished by WRDO Bangalore.

Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Development Organization, Bangalore.

Categorization of Deficiencies (Keeping in view CWC letter No. 627-56 Dt. 28-08-2002)

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Category No.* Criteria for categorization

Category No. (1) Dams with major deficiency which may lead to dam failure

Category No. (2) Dams with rectifiable deficiency which needs immediate attention.

Dams with minor / no deficiencies have been noticed. Category No. (3)

* Category Number is to be furnished in the ‘remarks’ column of the Health Status Report.

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CHAPTER 4 - PROJECT MAINTENANCE

A good maintenance program protectsKabiniDam against accelerating deterioration, prolongs its life, and greatly reduce the chance of failure. Nearly all the components of KabiniDam and its materials are susceptible to damage and deterioration if not well maintained. Moreover, the cost of a proper maintenance program is small compared to the costs of major repairs, loss of life and property and litigation. Preventative maintenance not only protects the dam and its owner but the public as well. If maintenance of a dam is neglected the consequences and costs will multiply. Preventive maintenance assures that a dam and reservoir are in good working condition and prevents more harmful conditions from developing. Individual maintenance tasks are noted, with a description of the area where the maintenance is to be performed, the schedule for performing the tasks, and reporting procedures. Typical routine maintenance tasks performed includes mowing grass, removing vegetation, bushes and trees, removing litter and other debris, re-grading the crest and/or access roads, repairing fencing to keep livestock off the dam, etc. Other maintenance works that need to be performed on the embankment includes restoration of embankment to its design section, seepage problems, erosion, displaced riprap, cracking in embankment etc. In concrete / masonry dams there may be issues like cracking and disintegration in concrete, choking of drainage holes in dam body/ foundation, damages to spillway glacis/piers/energy dissipaters due to abrasion/ cavitation/unsymmetrical flows, damages to pointing on upstream & downstream faces of masonry dams, heavy seepages through some drains in foundation/inspection galleries etc. A basic maintenance program has been developed primarily based on systematic and frequent inspections. 4.1 Maintenance Priorities For Kabini Dam, maintenance activities require to be prioriitized as immediate maintenance or preventative maintenance.

4.1.1 Immediate Maintenance The following conditions are critical and call for immediate attention & reservoir lowering, if warranted. These conditions may include, but are not limited to:

✓ The dam is about to be overtopped or being overtopped during high flood.

✓ The dam is about to be breached by erosion, slope failure etc. ✓ The dam showing signs of piping or internal erosion indicated by increasingly cloudy seepage or other symptoms. ✓ The spillway being blocked or with some inoperable gates. Evidence of excessive seepage appearing anywhere on the dam site e.g., the Embankment becomes saturated, defective water stops, etc., and seepage exiting on the downstream face is increasing in volume. Although the remedy for some critical problems may be obvious (such as clearing a blocked spillway or repairing the spillway gates so that they are in working condition), the problems listed above generally demand the services of experienced engineers/expert panels familiar with the design,

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 92 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 construction and maintenance of dams. The emergency action plan (EAP) should be activated when any of the above conditions are noted. .Note also that the “blue” conditions of the EAP are also applicable during controlled release of floods through the spillway.

4.1.2 Preventive Maintenance This can be further classified as Condition based Maintenance and Routine Maintenance.

4.1.2.1 Condition Based Maintenance The following maintenance should be completed as soon as possible after the defective condition is noted. These include but are not limited to: ✓ Remove all vegetation and bushes from the dam and restoring any eroded areas and to establish a good grass cover. ✓ Fill animal burrows. ✓ Restore and reseed eroded areas and gullies on embankment. ✓ Repair of defective gates, valves, and other hydro-mechanical equipment. ✓ Repair any concrete or metal components that have deteriorated. ✓ Cleaning of the choked drainage holes in the dam body/ foundations in concrete / masonry dams. ✓ Repair any damages on spillway glacis, piers, energy dissipaters, training/divide walls, downstream areas etc. ✓ Repairs on the upstream face of masonry dams, in case the pointing is damaged, due to which there is increased seepage. ✓ Controlling any heavy seepage in the foundation/ inspection galleries in Concrete/Ma- sonry dams from drainage holes. ✓ Repairs of any cracks/cavities/joints in concrete/masonry dams/structures. However many of these works will require the services of experienced engineers/expert panels.

4.1.2.2 Routine Maintenance Several tasks should be performed on a continuous basis. These include but are not limited to the following: ✓ Routine mowing, restore and reseed eroded areas and gullies on downstream face of the left flank embankment and general maintenance including repairs/cleaning of surface drains on downstream face and in the downstream area. ✓ Maintenance and treatment of any cracks/joints/ cavities in Concrete/Masonry dams and spillways based on the recommendations of experienced engineers / expert panels. ✓ Observation of any springs or seepage areas, comparing quantity and quality (clarity) with prior observations in the embankment. ✓ Monitoring of downstream development which could have an impact on the dam and its hazard category. ✓ Maintenance of Electrical & Hydro-Mechanical equipment and systems e. g. Servicing of spillway gates &emergency gates, hoisting arrangements, gantry crane, gates/hoist of outlet works/sluices & stand by generator. ✓ Maintaining proper lighting at dam top, galleries, etc. ✓ Monitoring of seepage in galleries. ✓ Monitoring/ cleaning & removal of leached deposits in porous concrete / formed drains in dam body and foundation drainage holes. ✓ Maintenance of all dam roads & access roads.

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✓ Operation of electrical and mechanical equipment and systems including exercising gates & valves. ✓ To keep the gate slots clear of silt/debris. ✓ Maintenance/testing of monitoring equipment (instruments) and safety alarms. ✓ Testing of security equipment. ✓ Testing of communication equipment. ✓ Any other maintenance considered necessary. 4.2 Procedures for Routine Maintenance

The O&M Manual includes detailed instructions and schedules for performing periodic maintenance works at the site. This includes maintenance of the dam, the appurtenant works, and the reservoir areas. Methodology / Specifications for carrying out maintenance works of general & recurring nature should be included in the Manual. Dam repairs are scheduled based on severity of the problem, available resources, and weather conditions. For example, if a severe settlement problem (more than envisaged in designs) or cracking is detected on the crest of the dam, it should have a high priority since further degradation could lead to dam breaching. The causes of all major issues / problems should be identified and evaluated by experienced engineers/ Expert Panels so that appropriate remedial measures can be finalized. Correcting minor rill erosion on the downstream slope could be assigned a low priority since it is not a dam safety concern. This type of repair will also be weather dependent, since grass can only be planted during specific times of the year, and the embankment should be dry so that more damage is not inflicted to the embankment slopes.

4.2.1 Earthwork The surfaces of an earthen dam may deteriorate due to several reasons. For example, wave action may cut into the upstream slope, vehicles may cause ruts in the crest or slopes, trails left by livestock can result in erosion, or runoff waters may leave erosion gullies on the downstream slope. Other special problems, such as shrinkage cracks or rodent damage, may also occur. Damage of this nature must be repaired constantly. The maintenance procedures described here are effective in repairing minor earthwork problems. However, this section is not intended to be a technical guide, and the methods discussed should not be used to solve serious problems. Conditions such as embankment slides, structural cracking, and sinkholes threaten the immediate safety of a dam and require immediate repair under the directions of experienced engineers/Expert panels. The material selected for repairing embankments should be free from vegetation, organic materials, trash, and large rocks. If flow-resistant portions such as the core of an embankment dam are being repaired, materials that are high in clay or silt content should be used. If the area is to be free draining or highly permeable (such as pervious shell of an embankment dam) the material should have a higher percentage of sand and gravel. It is usually satisfactory to replace or repair damaged areas with soils like those originally in place. An important soil property affecting compaction is moisture content. Soils that are too dry or too wet do not compact well. One may test repair material by squeezing it into a tight ball. If the sample keeps its shape without cracking and falling apart (which means it is too dry), and without depositing excess water onto the hand (which means it is too wet), the moisture content is near the proper level.

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Before placement of earth, the repair area needs to be prepared by removing all inappropriate material. All vegetation, such as bushes, roots, and tree stumps, along with any large rocks or trash need to be removed. Also, unsuitable earth, such as organic or loose soils, should be removed, so that the work surface consists of exposed, firm, clean embankment material. Following cleanup, shape and dress the affected area so that the new fill can be placed and compacted in horizontal lifts to the level specified in the technical specifications. Also it must be properly keyed (benched) with the existing material for which proper construction practices carried out to ‘knit’ the new fill in to the existing soils to ensure proper bonding. This can be accomplished by using the following simple procedures 1. Scarify the existing soil layer 2. Place new moisturized soils in loose layers up to 20 centimeters thick 3. Compact to required density at optimum moisture content (OMC) 4. Scarify compacted layer 10 centimeters 5. Moisturize the layer before placement of soils 6. Compact 7. Continue process until lines and grades are accomplished. Overbuild can be trimmed back to design lines and grades 8. Seed of turf the fill to minimize erosion processes 9. Water routinely to ensure turf root system is fully developed. Erosion is one of the most common maintenance problems at embankment structures. Erosion is a natural process and its continuous forces will eventually wear down almost any surface or structure. Periodic and prompt maintenance is essential to prevent continuous deterioration and possible failure. Turfing, free from weeds and deleterious materials, is an effective means of preventing erosion. Rills and gullies should be filled with suitable soil, compacted, and then seeded or turfed as necessary. Large eroded gullies can be slowed by stacking bales of hay or straw across the gully until permanent repairs can be made. Erosion is also common at the point where an embankment and the concrete walls of a spillway or other structure meet. Poor compaction adjacent to such walls during construction and later settlement can result in an area along the wall that is lower than the grade of the embankment. People often walk along these walls, wearing down the vegetative cover. Workable solutions include re-grading the area so that it slopes away from the wall, adding more resistant surface protection, or constructing steps. Steps can be provided / constructed at regular intervals along the length of the dam for going from downstream toe to the dam top. All vehicular traffic, except for maintenance, should be restricted from the dam. Paths due to pedestrian, livestock, or vehicular traffic (two and four-wheeled) are a problem on many embankments. If a path has become established, vegetation will not provide adequate protection and more durable cover will be required unless traffic is eliminated. Stones may be used effectively to cover such footpaths. Runoff often concentrates along embankment slopes where the hinge point on the crest is lower than the surrounding crest and runoff ponds in these low areas. The concentrated runoff flows downs the slope cutting the soils and forming rills and gullies resulting in loss of design lines and grades and affecting stability of the structure.

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4.2.1.1 Upstream Riprap The upstream face is required to be protected against wave erosion. Rip-rap is provided for the purpose with filter layers below. Nonetheless, erosion can still occur in existing riprap. Water running down the slope under the riprap can erode the finer filter materials under the riprap and soils leaving voids and loss of grade. Wave runup will also undermine the filter layer especially along the full reservoir level and over time wash out finer material. This can be checked through observance of linear embankment settlement. Sections of riprap that have slumped downward are often signs of this kind of erosion. When erosion occurs on the upstream slope of a dam, repairs should be made as soon as possible. Repairs can be made following the same design details as provided in the embankment section. Proper preparation of the surfaces of the existing embankment as described in the earlier paragraph for placement and compaction of embankment. Please refer to IS 8237- Code of practice for protection of Slopes for Reservoir Embankments is recommended to be reviewed and followed for carrying out this repair work. 4.2.1.2Controlling Vegetation Keep the entire dam clear of unwanted vegetation such as bushes or trees. Excessive growth may cause several problems: • It can obscure the surface of an embankment and not allow proper inspection of the dam. • Large trees can be uprooted by high wind or erosion and leave large voids that can lead to breaching of the dam. • Some root systems can decay and rot, creating passageways for water, leading topping erosion. • Growing root systems can lift concrete slabs or structures. • Rodent habitats can develop undetected. All bushes/trees should be as far as possible removed by root to prevent regret. The resulting voids must be backfilled with suitable, well-compacted soils. It is recommended to remove the plants/vegetation at their early stage to prevent or minimize their growing into big trees/bushes, etc. In cases where trees and bushes cannot be removed, the root systems should be treated with environmentally-friendly herbicides (properly selected and applied) to retard further growth. Con- cerned Government Agencies must be consulted for selection of appropriate herbicides & their use for control of vegetation on dam structures or any water bodies. 4.2.1.3Controlling Animal Damage Livestock are not allowed to graze on the embankment section of the dam. When soil is wet, livestock can damage vegetation and disrupt the uniformity of the surface. Moreover, livestock tend to walk in established paths and thus can promote erosion. The burrows and tunnels of burrowing animals (beaver, muskrat, groundhogs and others) weaken earthen embankments and serve as pathways for seepage from the reservoir. Large burrows found

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 96 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 on the embankment should be filled by mud packing. This method involves placing vent pipe in a vertical position over the entrance of the den. Making sure that the pipe connection to the den does not leak, the mud-pack mixture is poured into the pipe until the burrow and pipe are filled with the soil-water mixture. The pipe is removed and more dry earth is tamped into the entrance. As per some US publications, the mud pack is generally made by adding water to 90% earth & 10% cement mixture until slurry or thin cement consistency is attained. For bigger holes, betonies coated stones can also be used. All entrances should be plugged with well-compacted earth and grassy vegetation re-established. Dens should be eliminated without delay. Different repair measures will be necessary if a dam has been damaged by extensive small or large rodent tunneling activity. The area around the entrance can be excavated and then backfilled with impervious material. This will plug the passage entrance to prevent water entry and saturation of the embankment. 4.2.1.4Controlling Ants and Termites (White Ants) Ants and termites have become one of the most serious pests for Embankment dams. They both need water to survive and have been found on most of the embankment dams in India. These insects can create problems in the dam itself and with any of its electrical components. In some habitats, ants and termites can move as much or more soil as earthworms, thereby reduc- ing soil compaction. Nest galleries can penetrate in a V-shaped pattern below the nest, penetrating as much as more than one meter deep in the soil. These galleries can create pathways for surface water to penetrate in the dam, resulting in internal erosion and collapse of the surface. Ants and termites left undisturbed can build mounds that can become quite large. These can create problems for mowing. However, frequent mowing can induce the colonies to migrate to neigh- boring, undisturbed areas. There are many options for managing ants and termites. Use only pesticides labeled as suitable for the location you want to treat. Make every effort to avoid contaminating water with pesticides and ensure. 4.2.1.5Controlling Damage from Vehicular Traffic As mentioned earlier, vehicles driving across an embankment dam can create ruts in the crest if it is not surfaced with roadway material and sometimes even when sealed with flexible pavement, especially when the embankment is saturated and overweight trucks use the road. The ruts can then collect water and cause saturation and softening of the dam. Other ruts may be formed by tractors or other off-road vehicles such as motorbikes are allowed to drive up and down the embankment face; these can direct runoff resulting in severe erosion. Vehicles, except for maintenance, are restricted on the dam top and kept out by fences or barri- cades. Any ruts should be repaired as soon as possible. .

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4.2.2 Masonry / Concrete Dams & Spillways

Under DRIP-I, methodology of deep raking of joints (minimum 50mm depth), cleaning of raked joints, application of bond coat to the inner surface and filling of joints with PICC mortar.

Restoration of Baffle piers in stilling basin

Various issues/problems that may require maintenance/repairs on the KabiniConcrete/Masonry Dam and Spillway include but not limited to: • Damages on spillway glacis, spillway piers, training/divide walls, energy dissipaters, downstream areas (probable causes are cavitations, abrasion, un-symmetrical flows, unfavorable down-stream conditions) • Vegetation growth in unattended areas such as spillway, spillway channel, etc. • Seepage in the galleries and on the downstream face of the dam. • Cleaning and removal of leached deposits from choked porous and foundation drains. • Repair to upstream face of masonry dams in case the pointing is damaged, leading to increased seepage. • Ensuring safe access to and within the gallery, lighting is also required as well as all outside areas during the evening hours. • Ensuring the dam is behaving as designed based on instrumentation programs.

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• Periodic maintenance should be performed of all concrete surfaces which are approachable to repair deteriorated areas. For remedial measures of problems of special nature advice of experienced engineers /Panel of Experts needs to be obtained

4.2.3 River Sluices The sluices should be inspected thoroughly once a year for any damages such as cracks and seepage. As regards to Hydro-mechanical works, reference may be referred to the appropriate paragraphs in this chapter.

4.2.4 Gates & Hoisting Equipment The safe and satisfactory operation of Kabini Dam depends on proper operation of its Gates &Hoisting Equipment. Maintaining spillway gates in working condition is critical for dam safety and is to be assigned the highest priority. If routine inspection of the Hydro-Mechanical Equipment shows the need for maintenance, the work should be completed as soon as possible. The simplest procedure to ensure smooth operation of gates is to operate them through their full range at least once, and preferably twice annually (before monsoon & after monsoon keeping a gap of at least six months). Because operating gates under full reservoir pressure can result in large discharges, exercising of gates should preferably be carried out during dry conditions or lean times of the year using the stop-logs/ emergency gates. Commonly used Gates and Hoists including their inspection / maintenance requirements are discussed below. The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of these gates are as under: i) The gate slot and bottom platform/sill beam should be cleaned periodically. Scales formed over the embedded parts should be removed. Second-stage concrete should be checked for any development of cracks / leakages and repairs should be attended to immediately. ii) The gate leaf should be thoroughly cleaned and repainted as and when necessary according to the procedure or guidelines- indicated in IS: 14177 or as per the recommendations of the paint manufacturer. All drain holes provided in the gate assembly should be cleaned. iii) Rubber seals should be smoothed, if required, for proper alignment. All nuts and bolts fixing the seal to the gate should be tightened uniformly to required torques. Seals, if found damaged or found leaking excessively should be adjusted, repaired or replaced as considered necessary. iv) The wheel shall be rotated to check their free movement. Gate roller bearings and guide roller bushes should be properly lubricated. Whenever necessary these should be opened for rectifications of defects, cleaning and lubrication and should thereafter be refitted. These may be replaced if repairs are not possible. v) Hoisting connection of the gate leaf should be lubricated where necessary and defects if any should be rectified. vi) All nuts, bolts, check nuts and cotter pins of the lifting devices should be checked periodically. vii) All components should be greased and lubricated. Recommended and approved oils and grease only should be used.

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viii) Roller assembly should be adjusted by the eccentricity arrangement to ensure all rollers rest uniformly on the track plates particularly in the closed position of the gate. ix) Where filling valves are provided as part of the gate structure, all the nuts, bolts, check nuts etc. should be tightened. x) All welds shall be checked for cracks/ damages. Any weld that might have become defective should be chipped out and redone following the relevant coda provisions. Damaged nuts, bolts, rivets, screws etc. should be replaced without delay. xi) The filling-in valves allow passage of water when it is lifted by lifting beam & crane due to creation of space between stem seat and exit passage liner. The springs and associated components should be checked periodically for damages and replaced if necessary. xii) The guide-assemblies, wheel-assemblies and sealing-assemblies shall be cleared off grit, sand or any other foreign material. xiii) The wheel pin shall be coated with corrosion resistant compound. xiv) All nuts and bolts shall be tightened. The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of these gates are as under: a) Rubber Seals: i) Seals shall be inspected for leakages. Locations of excessive leakages shall be recorded for taking remedial measures. Weeping or slight flow in localized area will not require immediate remedial measures. However, measures like tightening of bolts are carried out. Further adjustment is carried out during annual maintenance. ii) If leakage is excessive & immediate repair is considered necessary, the emergency gates shall be dropped and seals repaired or replaced. NOTE: - During monsoon period, emergency gates shall NEVER be lowered in spite of heavy leakage through seals. b) Trunnionblocks assembly and anchorages: (i) All the nuts and bolts of Trunnion block assembly and its anchorages shall be checked for tightness. (ii) Check all the welds for soundness and rectify defects. (iii) Check whether the Yoke girder and thrust block is covered on not. If not, cover it with mild steel plates. (iv) Cover the trunnion pin with anti- corrosive jelly. (v) Remove all dirt, grit etc. from trunnion assembly and lubricate trunnion bearings of the gate with suitable water resisting grease as recommended by bearing manufacturers. c) Gate structures: i) Check all the welds for soundness and rectify defects. ii) Check welds between arms and horizontal girders as well as between latching bracket and skin plate with the help of magnifying glass for cracks/defects and rectify the defects. iii) Clean all drain holes including those in end arms and horizontal girders. iv) Check all the nuts and bolts and tighten them. Replace damaged ones.

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v) Check upstream face of skin plate for pitting, scaling and corrosion. Scaling may be filled with weld and grinded. Corroded surface shall be cleaned and painted. d) Embedded Parts: i) All the sill beams and wall plates shall be inspected for crack, pitting etc. and defects shall be rectified. ii) The guide roller pins shall be lubricated. e) General Maintenance: i) Defective welding should be chipped out and it should be re-welded duly following the relevant coda provision (IS: 10096, Part-3). ii) Damaged nuts, bolts, rivets, screws etc. should be replaced. iii) Any pitting should be filled up by welding and finished by grinding if necessary. iv) The gate leaf, exposed embedded metal parts, hoists and hoist supporting structure etc., should be thoroughly cleaned and repainted when required keeping in view the original painting system adopted and as per the guidelines contained in IS: 14177. v) Trunnion bearing should be greased as and when required. Keeping trunnion bearings in perfect working condition is very important. All other bolted connections should also be checked up for proper tightness. vi) Bolts and trunnion bearing housing should be tightened wherever required. vii) The seals of the gate should be checked for wear and tear and deterioration. These should be adjusted/replaced as and when necessary. viii) The wall plates, sill beams shall be checked and repaired if necessary. ix) Wire ropes should be properly lubricated. x) Oil level in the worm reduction unit should be maintained by suitable replenishment. Oil seals should also be replaced if required. Lubrication of other parts of hoists such as chains, position indicators and limit switches should also be done. xi) The stroke of the brake should be reset to compensate for lining wear. Worn out brake linings should be replaced in time. xii) Flexible couplings should be adjusted if required. xiii) Repairs and replacements of all electrical relays and controls should be attended to. xiv) Maintenance of alternative sources of Power such as Diesel Generating sets and alternative drives wherever provided should be carried out. xv) The list of essential spare parts to be kept available should be reviewed and updated periodically. The condition of spares should be checked periodically and protective coating given for use.

4.2.5 Electrically operated fixed hoists 1. General Instructions: a) Operation of fixed hoist without lifting the gate is not possible and need not therefore be attempted. It will be possible to operate the unit and observe operation of load carrying hoist component when gate is being lifted or lowered.

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b) Never open any bolt or nut on motor, gear boxes, rope drums and other load carrying hoist components when the gate is in raised position. The gate should be fully closed or rested on the gate latches before carrying out any work on hoist components including motor brake and other electrical equipment. c) The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of Rope drum hoists are as under; i. Entrance to all hoist platforms shall be kept locked. All keys shall remain with the shift supervisor. ii. A cursory daily inspection shall be made of hoist and gate to ensure that there is no unusual happening. iii. Clean all hoisting equipment and hoist platform. iv. Check oil level in gearboxes and replenish as and when required with oil of proper grade. v. Apply grease of suitable grade by grease gun. vi. Lubricate all bearings, bushings, pins, linkages etc. vii. Check all the fuses on the power lines. viii. All bolts and nuts on gear boxes, hoist drum and shaft couplings should be checked for tightness. ix. Check the supply voltage. x. Drain sample gear oil from each of the gear boxes. If excessive foreign particles or sludge is found, the gear box shall be drained, flushed and filled with new oil. xi. All the geared couplings shall be greased. xiii. Raise and lower the gate by hoist motor and check for smooth, and trouble free operation of gate without excessive vibration. xiv. Observe current drawn by motor at the time of lifting and check if it is more than normal. If so, stop the hoist and investigate the cause and rectify. xv. Check the condition of painting of various components and remove rust wherever noticed and repaint the portion after proper cleaning as per painting schedule. xvi. All trash, sediments and any other foreign material shall be cleared off the lifting rope and lifting attachment. xvii. All ropes shall be checked for wear and tear and if broken wires are noticed, the rope shall be replaced. xviii. All the wire ropes shall be checked and all visible oxidation shall be removed. xix. All wire ropes shall be greased with Cardium compound. xx. Check the overload relays for proper functioning. xxi. Check all the nuts, bolts, rivets, welds and structural components for hoisting platform and its supporting structure for wear, tear and damage. All damages shall be

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rectified. All bolts shall be tightened. The portion with damaged painting shall be touched up. xxii. Check the pulleys, sheaves and turn-buckles. xxiii. Raise and lower the gate for its full lift several time (at least three to four) and observe the following: a) Check the limit switches and adjust for design limits. b) The effectiveness and slip of the breaks shall be checked by stopping the gate in raising and lowering operations. The brakes shall be adjusted if needed. c) When the gate is operated, there should not be any noise or chatter in the gears. xxiv. Adjust the rope tension of wires if unequal. xxv. Check for all gears and pinions for uneven wear and adjust for proper contact. Grease the gears. xxvi. Repaint the hoist components, hoisting platform and its supporting structures as per requirement. xxvii. The periodic maintenance of commercial equipment like motors, brakes, thrusts etc. shall be carried out as per manufacturers operation and maintenance manual. Maintenance of Electrical components of Fixed Rope Drum Hoists: a). The electrical components to be inspected and maintained periodically are as under; i) Starters should be cleaned free of moisture and dust. ii) Each individual contactor should be tried by hand to make sure that it operates freely. iii) All wearing parts should be examined in order to take note of any wear which may have occurred during operation. iv) If the contactor hums, the contact faces should be cleaned. (v) Examine all connections to see that no wires are broken and no connections are loose. vi) Clean the surface of the moving armature and magnet core which comes together when the contactor closes, free of dust or grease of any kind. vii) Examine the mechanical interlocks between the reversing contactor and see when the contact tips of one of the contactor units are touching, it is impossible to get the contact tips of the other unit to touch. viii) The contact tips should be kept free from burns or pits by smoothening with fine sand paper or emery paper. ix) Replace the contact tips which have worn away half-way. x) Do not lubricate the contacts. xi) Blow out windings thoroughly by clean and dry air to clear air passage in the stator and the rotor of any accumulated dirt. The air pressure shall not be too high to damage the insulation. xii) Examine earth connections and motor leads. xiii) Examine motor windings for overheating

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xiv) Examine control equipment’s xv) Examine starting equipment for burnt contacts xvi) Check and tighten all nuts and bolts xvii) Clean and tighten all terminals and screw connections all contact surfaces shall be made clean and smooth. xviii) Lubricate the bearings xix) Overhaul the controllers xx) Inspect and clean circuit breakers. xxi) Wipe brush holders and check bedding of brushes. xxii) Blow out windings thoroughly by clean and dry air. The pressure shall not be so high that insulation may get damaged. xxiii) Check the insulation resistance of the motor between any terminal and the frame. If the measured resistance is less than the prescribed value, then steps shall be taken to dry- out the motors either by passing a low voltage current through the windings or by placing the stator and rotor only in a warm dry place for a day or so. WARNING: The complete motor shall never be put in an oven for drying as that may melt the grease out of bearings. xxiv) Coat the windings with an approved high temperature resisting insulation enamel or varnish. xxv) Over haul the motor, if required. xxvi) Check the switch fuse units and renew, if required. xxvii) Check resistance or earth connections. xxviii) Check air gap. b) Solenoid Operated Brakes i) All fixing bolts shall be checked and tightened at least once in three months. ii) The magnet stroke should be reset to compensate for wear. iii) Re-adjust the brake when the magnet stroke reaches the value given on the instruction plate. iv) Brake lining should be checked and replaced when required. v) Examine all electrical leads and connections. vi) Rubber bushes or couplings should be checked and replaced if defective. vii) The pins should be tightened. viii) Brake drum shall be cleaned to remove any dust or grease. Emergency gates, lifting beam & gantry crane Lifting Beam &Radial Gate A. MAINTENANCE OF LIFTING BEAM AND RADIAL GATE a. Regular Maintenance

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1. For gear and pinion, grease or lubricating compound shall be frequently used for the smooth operation 2. Wire Rope should be kept lubricated on regular basis with cadmium compound. 3. Damaged nuts, bolts etc. should be replaced 4. Oil level in the gear box and worm reducer should maintained. 5. Electromagnetic brake should be checked regularly and plunger to be cleaned dry to ensure proper functioning. The break shop to be cleaned. b. Periodical Maintenance 1. Wire Rope should be examined for rusting, broken strands etc. and the wire rope at both the ends of the gate should have equal initial tension. 2. All nuts, bolts and screws shall be checked for wear, tear and tightness 3. Drain oil from gear box once in every 6 months and replace with relevant grade. 4. Ensure proper meshing of gear and pinion. 5. Location and adjustment of guide shoe should be checked. 6. Check E.M. Brake and thruster brake properly functioning. 7. All the moving parts should be properly lubricated. 8. The fuses are to be checked and replaced when they are worn-out. Replacements of fuses are necessary when they emit smell or get over heated. Care should be taken to select the correct size of fuses. B. MAINTENANCE GANTRY CRANE Hoisting trolley of the Gantry cranes is built on top of a wheeled mobile gantry structure travelling over fixed rails and is used to straddle an object or load over a workspace. Following aspects need to be considered and attended to during maintenance; 1. Oil level in the gear boxes. It is very important to ensure that the correct oil level is maintained. Over filling causes overheating and leakage, therefore, care should be taken that the breather holes are not clogged by any foreign material like dust, paint etc. 2. The insulation resistance of motor windings. In case it is found to have dropped below a prescribed value, the motor should be dried prior to putting back in service. If weak insulation becomes a regular feature, the winding should be given a good coat of insu- lating varnish after the motor has been dried. 3. Checking of all the electrical connections. 4. Lubrication of each part of crane 5. Removal of any loose/foreign material along the rail track 6. Actuating tests of limit switches 7. Actuating tests of brakes. 8. All fuses in the control panel should be checked and if necessary, it should be replaced. 9. Necessary terminal connections of motors, brakes etc. is to be checked.

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10. Overload relay should be checked. 11. Visual inspection of wire ropes for any snapped loose wire and its proper lubrication. 12. Checking of rope clamps on the drum and tightening of bolts if required. 13. Gearbox assembly should not have any leakage of oil. 14. Unusual noise/vibration if any should be checked and rectified before operation. C. MAINTENANCE OF MOTOR Motors shall be blown out at regularly intervals to keep its ventilating passage clear, particularly when operating in dirty atmosphere. Moisture, oil, dirt, grease and carbon or metallic dust are the principal causes of break down. The motor therefore be kept clean and dry and must be kept free from oil and greases, damp and dirt, periodical cleaning with dry compressed air with a brush is necessary. The motor required be examining and dismantling from time to time and frequency of service cleaning will depend upon the conditions under which the motor operates. During periodical cleaning care shall be taken to clean air passage in the starter and motor of any accumulated dirt. Terminals and screw connections shall be kept clean and tight. If they become dirty or corroded, they shall be disconnected and all contact surfaces made clean and smooth. Bad contact leads to sparking and ultimate breakdown. D. LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE OF REDUCTION GEAR UNIT 1.Satisfactory performance of grease required that the lubricating oil kept be clean, and free from dirt, grit, moisture and sludge. Depending upon operating conditions the oil eventually becomes contaminated and should be drained periodically. During operation the oil level should be periodically checked, too high level results loss of power and oil leakage, too low oil results in friction in bearings and on gear teeth causing overheating. Use proper graded oil. 2. Oil level should be checked with the help of dipstick or the oil indicator and should be topped up, if necessary. 3. Where the bearings of the unit are greases lubricated, the same should be filled with the top of grease gun. 4. Care should be taken that the breather holes are not clogged by any foreign materials, like dust, paint etc. 5. During cleaning gear casing should be flushed with the same sort oil that is used under working Conditions. If encasing is opened for cleaning all sealing compound must be removed.

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E. LUBRICATION CHART PART LUBRICATION FOR FREQUENCY 1. Hoist Brake Hand oiled points One in a month Fulcrum pins 2. Long travel Hand oiled points One in a month Brake fulcrum Pins 3. Motors: Hoist Long travel End Bearing Replace once in six Months and renew Once in a year. 4. Long travel Grease Nipples Repack once in six Shaft Plummer Blocks Months and renew Once in a year. 5. Gear Boxes Gear Boxes Check oil level once A month and top up As necessary. 6. Pinion & Gear Gears & Pinions Every 3 Months. Wheels 7. Wire Rope Full Wire (Cardium Every year preferably Compound) before onset of Monsoon F. MAINTENANCE OF BEARING Like all other important machine components ball and roller bearings must occasionally be cleaned and examined. In many cases it is permissible to let the bearing run for considerable / longer time before carrying out inspections, especially the conditions of the bearings can be ascertained, during service for example, by listening to the sound produced during running, checking the temperature of noting the color of the lubricant. While spirit good quality paraffin, petrol or benzene may be recommended as suitable for cleaning roller bearings. Bearing should not be allowed to stand dry for any length of time after they have cleaned out, should be oiled and greased immediately when this is done, the bearings should be rotated several times to that oil or grease can reach all vital parts and thereby protect the bearings from rust. For sheaves, oiling the bearing at frequent interval and checking that they rotate freely must be done. A seized up sheaves may ruin a rope very speedily. Care should be taken to see that the rope does not foul in flat against any obstacle in its way.

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G. MAINTENANCE OF WIRE ROPE Frequently the inspection of the entire length of rope is necessary. Watch constantly for broken wires, excessive wear and lubrication, see that the number of broken wires does not exceed as laid down in different regulation. Prompt attention must be given to a broken wire in a rope otherwise damage to other wires and serious accidents may results. Cleaning wire rope with brush or compressed air and giving it a light coating of special wire rope dressing is essential. This lubricant puts a protective film on each individual wire, repels water and stops corrosion. H. CHECK FOR THE TIGHTNESS OF THE BOLTS 1. Fixing bolts of motor and reduction gears. 2. Plummer Block base Bolts. 3. Bolts of all Coupling. 4. Inspect the keys in the Couplings for its correct position once in every six months. 5. The wire Rope and is fixed over the winding drum by weans of clamps and bolts. These are to be checked for its tightness periodically.

I. LIFTING BEAM Lifting beam is used for both raising& lowering of Spillway emergency gate units with the use of Gantry crane. Lifting Beam shall mainly comprise of two number structural steel channels or fabricated channels with back to back connection to make it a single fabricated structural frame. Two side guide rollers/shoes shall be provided on each side of the lifting beam. The depth of lifting beam /frame should be sufficient to accommodate to rollers on each side located at sufficient distance from one another to enable proper guided movement. The depth of lifting beam shall not be less than one tenth of the length / span of the lifting beam or 500 mm whichever is more. Lifting beam hook mechanism shall provide for automatic engagement and release of the equipment to be handled manually by movement of the hook block. The two hooks shall be mechanically linked together for simultaneous operation. All rotating parts of the lifting beam shall be provided with corrosion resistant steel pins and aluminum bronze bushing /roller bearings. All nuts, bolts and washers and retaining devices for pins shall be of corrosion resistant steel. Following issues need to be considered and attended to during maintenance; 1. Bush bearing of lifting attachment and various pulleys /sheaves wheel gears etc. should be properly lubricated. 2. Whenever it is felt that friction in the bearing has increased, these should be taken out for cleaning and lubrication and should be refitted properly. These should be replaced, if found beyond repair. MAINTENANCE OF BEARING Like all other important machine components ball and roller bearings must occasionally be cleaned and examined. In many cases it is permissible to let the bearing run for considerable / longer time before carrying out inspections, especially the conditions of the bearings can be ascertained, during service for

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 108 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 example, by listening to the sound produced during running, checking the temperature of noting the color of the lubricant. While spirit good quality paraffin, petrol or benzene may be recommended as suitable for cleaning roller bearings. Bearing should not be allowed to stand dry for any length of time after they have cleaned out, should be oiled and greased immediately when this is done, the bearings should be rotated several times to that oil or grease can reach all vital parts and thereby protect the bearings from rust. For sheaves, oiling the bearing at frequent interval and checking that they rotate freely must be done. A seized up sheaves may ruin a rope very speedily. Care should be taken to see that the rope does not foul in flat against any obstacle in its way.

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Surface Preparation and Painting of HM Works i) Protection of painted surfaces is considered essential for protection & enhancement of service life. Gates, their embedded parts, gate leaf, hoists and its supporting structures need to be protected against corrosion due to climatic condition, weathering, biochemical reaction and abrasion etc. This equipment is likely to deteriorate or get damaged to any extent that the replacement of parts may become necessary and such replacement may become difficult and costly. ii) Surface preparation & Painting requirements: Painting for hydro-mechanical works is to be carried out as prescribed in IS 14177 for both newly manufactured as well as old & used gates, hoists and associated works after proper surface preparation. The preparation includes thorough cleaning, smoothing irregular surfaces, rusted surfaces, weld spatters, oil, grease, dirt, earlier applied damaged layers of primers/ paint by use of mechanical tools, by use of solvents, wire brush etc. The sand / grit blasting process is used for surface preparation to a level of Sa 2½ of the Swedish standard. iii) Surfaces not requiring painting & their protection during surface preparation, painting & transportation process: a) The following surfaces are not to be painted unless or otherwise specified: • Machine finished or similar surface • Surfaces which will be in contact with concrete • Stainless steel overlay surfaces. • Surfaces in sliding or rolling contact • Galvanized surfaces, brass and bronze surfaces. • Aluminum alloy surfaces b) The Surfaces of stainless steel, nickel, bronze and machined surface adjacent to metal work being cleaned or painted shall be protected by using sticky protective tape or by other suitable means over the surfaces not to be painted. c) All embedded parts which come in contact with concrete shall be cleaned as detailed above and given two coats of cement latex to prevent rusting during the shipment while awaiting installation. iv) Application of primer &finish coats on embedded parts and gates: a) EMBEDDED PARTS: • The prescribed primer shall be applied as soon as the surface preparation is complete and prior to the development of surface rusting and within the specified time prescribed by Indian Standards or the Paint Manufacturer. In case there is lapse of considerable time beyond the prescribed time limit, the surfaces shall be again cleaned prior to priming. • Two coats of zinc rich primer with epoxy resin shall be applied to all embedded parts surfaces which are not in contact with concrete and shall remain exposed to atmosphere or submerged in water to obtain a dry film thickness of 75 microns. • This shall be followed by three coats at an interval of 24hours of coal-tar blend epoxy resin so as to get a dry film thickness of 80 microns in each coat. Total dry film thickness of paint shall not be less than 300 microns. b) GATES:

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Primer Coat: • Over the prepared surface one coat of inorganic zinc silicate primer giving a dry film thickness of 70 ± 5 microns should be applied. Alternatively two coats of zinc rich primer, which should contain not less than 85% zinc on dry film should be applied to give a total dry film thickness of 75 ± 5 microns. Finished paint: • Two coats of solvent less coal tar epoxy paints. These shall be applied at an interval of about 24 hours. Each coat shall give a dry film thickness of 150±5 microns. The total dry film thickness of all the coats including primer coating shall not be less than 350 microns. v) Hoist and supporting structure: a) Structural components: Primer coats of zinc phosphate primer shall be applied to give a dry film thickness of 40±5 microns. Final Coats: One coat of alkalized based micaceous iron oxide paint to give a dry film thickness of 65 ± 5 microns followed by two coats of synthetic enamel paint confirming to IS 2932 – 1974 to give a dry film thickness of 25 ± 5 microns per coat. The interval between each coat shall be 24hours. The total dry thickness of all coats of paint including the primer coat shall not be less than 175 microns. b) Machinery: Except machined surfaces all surfaces of machinery including gearing, housing, shafting, bearing pedestals etc., shall be given: Primer coats: One coat of zinc phosphate primer paint to give minimum film thickness of 50 microns. Motors and other bought out items shall be painted if necessary. Finished coats: The finished paint shall consists of three coats of aluminum paint confirming to IS2339 – 1963 or synthetic enamel paint confirming to IS 2932 – 1977 to give a dry film thickness of 25±5 microns per coat to obtain a total minimum dry film thickness of 125 microns. c) Machined surfaces: All machined surfaces of ferrous metal including screw threads which will be exposed during shipment or installation shall be cleaned by suitable solvent and given a heavy uniform coating of gasoline soluble removable rust preventive compound or equivalent. Machined surfaces shall be protected with the adhesive tapes or other suitable means during the cleaning and painting operation of other components. vi) Application of paint: Mix the contents thoroughly as directed by paint manufacturer before and during use. Painting at shop can be done by any of the three methods namely Brush / roller, Conventional spray, Airless spray etc. The paint can be made to suit the adopted method. But once the gate and equipment is in erected position the general method adopted is only brush / roller. In case of spray lot of precautions are to be taken. For More details: Refer IS: 14177 Part (II) – 1971. Appendix A – Brushing of paint Appendix B – Spraying of paint Appendix C – Spray painting defects: Causes and remedies.

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Removal of old paint / rust and carrying out fresh painting: The carrying out of fresh painting is to be considered under the following conditions: • The rusting is noticed all over the surface or • Rusting is severe or • Cracking and blistering has damaged the primer coat exposing the metal and is noticed all over the surface or • The paint film has eroded badly, the scrap of entire paint film to the base metal and carry out fresh painting. Note: In case of maintenance and renovation: Refer IS 14177 (Part II) – 1971 for checking and repainting. vii) Removal of old paint for repainting: Caution should be exercised while removing the old paint. The surfaces shall be de-rusted and descaled by either mechanically by one or more of the methods, namely: a) Wire brushing, Scraping, and chipping. Sand papering or cleaning with steel wool or abra- sive paper b) Power tool cleaning c) Flame cleaning d) Sand blasting or shot blasting and e) Chemical rust removal. Note: The method of application shall be decided based on conditions existing. After cleaning painting is to be carried out as originally proposed. Some are painted without removal of old paint and rusting this will amounts to no painting and deteriorate faster than the original one. viii) Inspection and testing of painting of H. M works: a) The following steps are involved in inspection of painting: • General inspection before and during painting • Viscosity test of paints • Paint thickness test – using Elco-meter. • Inspection of general appearance of finished work. b) General: The aim of inspection and testing is to ascertain whether the recommended practice is being employed correctly during every stage of application and whether the final results fulfill the object of painting. Any test carried out should be of non – destructive nature or, if it is of destructive nature, it should be either restricted to areas which can be restored without marring the general appearances or be such that it is possible to restore easily without necessitating a complete repe- tition of the work. c) Inspection of surfaces prior to painting: Inspection methods will depend on whether it is to be painted for the first time or is to be repainted.

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 Page 112 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 d) New Works (Not previously painted): The following shall be decided by inspection: • The method of pre cleaning feasible or recommended; • The intermediate protective treatments to be applied, if found necessary; • The final painting schedule and the specifications for the paint for ensuring the particular performance; • The method of application, whether by brush, roller or spray. e) Old Work (Which requires repainting): The following shall be decided by inspection: • Whether the entire existing paint requires removal; and/or • Whether repainting without paint removal would be adequate. Electrical System Electricity is typically used at a dam for lighting and to operate the gates, hoists, recording equipment, and other miscellaneous equipment. It is important that the Electrical system be well maintained, including a thorough check of fuses and a test of the system to ensure that all parts are properly functioning. The system should be free from moisture and dirt, and wiring should be checked for corrosion and mineral deposits. All necessary repairs should be carried out immediately and records of the works kept. Maintain generators used for auxiliary emergency power -- change the oil, check the batteries and antifreeze and make sure fuel is readily available. Monitoring devices usually do not need routine maintenance. Open areas are particularly susceptible to vandalism. As such all electrical fittings like bulbs, lights, loose wires etc. in open areas should be checked routinely and replaced / repaired where needed. The recommendations of the manufacturer should also be referred to. Maintenance of Metal Gate Components All exposed, bare ferrous metal of an outlet installation, whether submerged or exposed to air, will tend to rust. To prevent corrosion, exposed ferrous metals must be either appropriately painted (following the paint manufacturer’s directions) or heavily greased in respect of moving parts & on surfaces like guides & track seats on which there is movement of gates. When areas are repainted, it should be ensured that paint is not applied to gate seats, wedges, or stems (where they pass through the stem guides), or on other friction surfaces where paint could cause binding. Heavy grease should be applied on friction surfaces to avoid binding. As rust is especially damaging to contact surfaces, existing rust is to be removed before periodic application of grease. Access Roads For a dam to be operated and maintained there must be a safe means of access to it at all times. Access road surfaces must be maintained to allow safe passage of automobiles and any required equipment for servicing the dam in any weather conditions. Routine observations of any cut and fill slopes along the sides of the road should be made. If unstable conditions develop assistance of experienced Engineers/Expert Panels should be obtained and remedial measures initiated. Drains are required to be provided and maintained along roads to remove surface and subsurface drainage. This will prolong the life of the road and help reduce deterioration from rutting. Road surfacing should be repaired or replaced as necessary to maintain the required traffic loadings. In most cases, specialized contractors will be required to perform this maintenance.

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General Cleaning As already suggested, for proper operation of spillways, sluiceways, approach channels, inlet and outlet structures, stilling basin / energy dissipation arrangements, discharge conduit, dam slopes, trash racks, debris control devices etc., regular and thorough cleaning and removal of debris is necessary. Cleaning is especially important after large floods, which tend to send more debris into the reservoir. Materials and Establishment Requirements during Monsoon Period Materials required during monsoon period for both immediate maintenance and preventive maintenance must be stocked in adequate quantities for emergency situations that may arise. Need- ful instructions in this regard are enclosed in the O&M Manual. At Kabini Dam, a 24/7 hour patrol schedule is carried out during monsoon period. At the same time the additional management requirements during monsoon period are enhanced. General List of Maintenance Records Maintenance records are of utmost importance. Records are kept of all maintenance activities, both immediate and preventive maintenance works. Essential information to be recorded include the following: • Date and time of maintenance, • Weather conditions, • Type of maintenance, • Name of person, title and / or contractor performing maintenance, • Description of work performed, • Length of time it took to complete the work with dates, • Equipment and materials used, and • Before and after dated photographs. The data is recorded by the person responsible for maintenance.

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Preparation of O&M budget The O&M budget for kabini dam include but not limited to the following items: i) Establishment Cost of Regular Staff - Salaries and allowances, Bonus, Medical Reimburse- ment, LTC, Leave Encashment, pension benefits, etc. (as applicable). ii) Establishment Cost of Work charged Staff - Salaries and allowances, Bonus, Medical Reim- bursement, LTC, Leave Encashment, Pension benefits, TA and DA , etc. (as applicable). iii) Establishment Cost of Daily wage Staff - Salaries and allowances, TA and DA etc. (as applicable). iv) Office Expenses – Rent for office, Telephone/Mobile/any other Telecommunication bills, Electricity bills, water bills, Office stationery, Day to day office requirements. v) Motor Vehicles - Running and Maintenance cost of inspection vehicles, Cost of hiring of vehicles as required vi) Maintenance of Colony - Maintenance of staff quarters, colony roads, Electricity, Sanitary and Water supply systems etc. vii) T&P - T&P requirements for offices, colony, works etc. as applicable. viii) Works -Painting, oiling, greasing, overhauling of HM equipment’s, Repair/replacement of gates seals & wire ropes, POL for pumps & generator sets, Electricity charges and maintenance of Electric systems of dam site, specific requirements for all Civil, H.M & Electrical maintenance works, vegetation removal and mowing of turfing on earth dams, maintenance/cleaning of drains in dam, maintenance of lift/elevators in dam (as applicable), maintenance of access roads & basic facilities, provision for flood contingency works during monsoon, unforeseen events/items (about 10% of the cost of works) etc.

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Table 14 - O&M BUDGET COSTS (ANNUAL) CURRENT PREVIOUS YEAR SL. BUDGET ITEM YEAR COST BUDGET REMARKS NO. (Rs) (YR 2019-20) (Rs)

A. ESTABLISHMENT

SALARY OF REGULAR STAFF 1 INCLUDING ALL OTHER 68,87,350.00 41,45,690.00 BENEFITS

2 TRAVEL EXPENSES 1,20,590.00 56,520.00

3 OFFICE EXPENSES 3,50,777.00 1,25,890.00

4 MOTOR VEHICLE EXPENSES 2,75,120.00 1,55,450.00

MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE 5 1,57,567.00 85,213.00 & COLONY COMPLEX

SUB-TOTAL - A 77,91,404.00 45,68,763.00

B. WORKS

1 CIVIL

1.1 CONCRETE / MASONRY DAM 5,25,022.00 3,20,080.00

1.2 EARTHEN DAM 75,010.00 46,968.00

INTAKE / OUTLETS IN 1.3 1,04,353.00 89,456.00 EARTHEN DAMS

SLUICES IN CONCRETE / MA- 1.4 1,75,013.0 90,353.00 SONRY DAMS

APPROACH / INSPECTION 1.5 68,901.00 24,565.00 ROADS WITHIN DAM AREA

2 HYDRO-MECHANICAL

2.1 SPILLWAY GATES & HOISTS 1,89,349.00 76,636.00

2.2 GANTRY CRANE 35,546.00 23,454.00

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OUTLETS IN EARTHEN 2.3 DAMS - SERVICE / EMER- 35,000.0 16,34,560.00 GENCY GATES & HOISTS SLUICES IN CONCRETE / MA- SONRY DAMS – SERVICE / 2.4 25,450 34,545.00 EMERGENCY GATES & HOISTS

3 ELECTRICAL

ELECTRICAL FITTINGS, MO- 3.1 TORS, CONTROLS FOR ALL 1,56,456.00 66,850.00 GATE HOISTS

3.2 POWER SUPPLY LINES 11,98,082.0 8,45,677.0

ELECTRICAL FITTINGS ON 3.3 DAM TOP, DAM GALLERIES, 2,54,789.00 1,76,999.00 ETC. STANDBY POWER / DIESEL 3.4 95,767.00 96,356.00 GENERATOR

3.4 REMOTE CONTROL/CCTV 20,456.0 29,450.0

4 INSTRUMENTATION

5 MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 10,35,896.0 6,45,780.0 SALARY OF WORK- 6 CHARGED STAFF INCLUD- - - ING ALL BENEFITS MATERIALS TO BE 7 STORED BEFORE MON- 2,67,920.0 1,87,980.0 SOON

SUB-TOTAL - B 42,42,554.00 43,89,709.00

CONTINGENCY (10%) ON 1203395.8 89,58,472.00 8 SUB-TOTAL OF A & B 9 TOOLS & PLANTS 1,50,000.00 90,000.00

SUB-TOTAL- C 12,03,395.80 89,58,472.00 1,32,37,353.80 1,79,16,944.00 10 TOTAL ANNUAL COST

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Maintenance Records Maintenance records are of utmost importance. A record shall be kept for all maintenance activities, both immediate and preventive maintenance works. Information that must be recorded includes, but not limited to, the following: • date and time of maintenance, • weather conditions, • the type of maintenance, • name of person or contractor performing maintenance, • description of work performed, • the length of time it took to complete the work with dates, • equipment and materials used, and • before and after photographs.

The data should be recorded by the person responsible for maintenance.

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CHAPTER 5 - INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING

5.1 Dam Instrumentation:

5.1.1 General Information This section identifies the location and chainages of each of the following structural components of the dam:

Table 15 -Locations and Extents of Structural Members

From Chainage To Chainage

Earthen Embankment 0.00 1759.36 M

Non-Overflow Section 1729.36 1845.21 M

Over-flow Section 1845.21 1925.98 M

Non-Overflow Section 1925.98 2002.19 M

Non-Overflow Section power 2002.19 2023.53 M sluice

Earthen Embankment 2023.53 21732.19 M

5.1.2 Instruments Embedded in the Kabini Earthen Dam

Type of No. of Instruments embedded in Frequency of moni- Sl. Instruments toring Embedded At chainage1720.00mtr

Pressure Pi- Nos. of Vertical pressure pie- Daily 1 ezometers zometers

Presently, piezometers were installed in the Left Embankment portions of dam, which is maintained by the Assistant Executive Engineer, Quality control sub-division office, Nanjangud taluk, Mysuru district.

On 18th September 2018, P.D Kamalasekaran, Scientist 'D', Government of India, C.W & P.R.S, Khadakwasla, Pune-24, has visited Kabini dam and instructed to install open stand piezometers along with VW sensors. Accordingly, Additional instruments planned to install under DRIP.

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1. Automatic weather station - 01 nos. 2. Tilt meters- aim 750 - 03 nos. 3. Data collection unit and transmission - 01 nos. 4. Geotechnical instruments - 18 nos. 5. Automatic/ manual total station - 01 nos. 6. Seismic instruments : a. Strong motion acclero-graph and b. Broadband seismometers- 01 nos.

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CHAPTER 6- PREVIOUS REHABILITATION EFFORTS

Before DRIP, maintenance activities were limited to routine greasing, oiling, and painting to electro-mechanical devices; routine repair of electrical systems; gallery drainage; routine mowing, vegetation removal, repair of eroded section, etc. Apart from these routine maintenance activities, no major rehabilitation was carried before the involvement of DRIP. Under DRIP, major Rehabilita- tion Works have been carried out at a total cost of about INR 8.38Crores.The rehabilitation works under DRIP include:

Original Supplementary Revised Costs (INR) Contract Contract Agreement Name of Work Amount Amount amount (in (in Millions) (in Millions) Millions)

1. Improvements of drainage gallery and reaming of porous holes and drainage holes in drainage gallery 2.Restoration of baffle piers in the stilling basin 3.Providing shotcreting to concrete surface and re-pointing to masonry surface of Kabini right bank canal sluice.

4.Providing shotcreting to concrete surface of spillway pier & improvements to masonry surface of non-overflow section.

5.Restoration of downstream earthen embankment slope . 83.8 *-20.1 103.9

6.Providing barbed wire fencing around downstream periphery of Kabini dam.

7. Construction of security booths Improvements to service road of drainage gallery.

8. Replacement of damaged portion of catwalk.

9.Estimate for the work of providing and fixing cctv surveillance.

10. Improvements to electrical system.

11. Providing fire extinguisher system.

12. Providing & Supplying of Bolero vehicle-2nos @ lump sum

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CHAPTER 7- UPDATING THE MANUAL

As features of the dam and appurtenant structures change occasionally, the O&M Manual must be edited and portions rewritten to reflect these changes. This important task is often ignored. Updating information in the O&M Manual should be done whenever major changes like construction of an additional spillway, construction of dam on the upstream etc. take place. Aspects to be considered when updating include: • Increase/decrease in the frequency of an inspection or the maintenance routine based on additional data/ experience acquired. • Changes in the operation and/or maintenance procedures based on additional data/experience acquired. • Alterations to the project data because of changes/modifications in the dam by way of additional spillway etc.

All up-dates/revisions of the O&M Manual need to be sent to all the locations/addresses to which the copies of the original O&M Manual had been sent earlier. It is recommended that O&M Man- uals be reviewed/ updated after every 10 years by the respective Dam Owners.

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APPENDIX 1 – BASIC DRAWINGS OF KABINI DAM

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PLAN AND L-SECTION OF KABINI DAM

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PLAN AND L-SECTION OF KABINI LEFT BANK IRRIGATION SLUICE

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PLAN AND L-SECTION OF KABINI RIGHT BANK IRRIGATION SLUICE

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APPENDIX2― KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP

2.1 KABINI DAM –WATCH CONDITION NOTIFICATION FLOW CHART

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2.2 KABINI DAM –FAILURE CONDITION NOTIFICATION FLOW CHART

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2.3 Evidence of Distress

General Specific Emergency Emergency action Equip- Data to obser- condition ment, observation record vation level material, and sup- plies Small boils, no in- Closely check all of down- None Site and crease of water stream toe, especially in loca- flow, flowing clear the vicinity of boil for addition, ap- water. tional boils, wet spots, proxi- BLUE sinkholes, or seepage. mate Closely monitor entire area flow for changes or flow rate in- creases. Large or additional Initiate 24-hour surveil- Sand- Site and boils near previ- lance. Monitor as de- bags, fil- loca- ously identified scribed above. Construct ter cloth tion, ap- ones, without in- sandbag ring dikes around proxi- creasing flow rate, boils, to cover them with mate BLUE but carrying small water to retard the move- flow

amount of soil par- ment of soil particles. Filter ticles. cloth may be used to retard

Boils soil movement, but do not retard the flow of water. Large or additional Continue 24-hour surveil- Sand- Site and boils near previ- lance. Continue monitor- bags, loca- ously identified ing and remedial action as pump tion, ap- ones, increasing ORANGE described above. Initiate proxi- flow rate, carrying emergency lowering of the mate soil particles. reservoir. Issue a warning flow to downstream residents. Rapidly increasing Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Site and size of boils and Employ all available equip- shovels, loca- flow increasing ment to attempt to con- source of tion, ap- RED and muddy water. struct a large ring dike earth fill proxi- around the boil area. mate flow Minor seepage of Closely check entire em- Wooden Site, lo- clear water at toe, bankment for other seep- stakes, cation, on slope of em- age areas. Use wooden flagging approx-

bankment, or at stakes or flagging to delin- imate BLUE the abutments. eate seepage area. Try to flow channel and measure flow.

Look for upstream whirl- Seepage pools. Additional seepage Initiate 24-hour surveil- Dozer, Site, lo- BLUE areas observed lance. Monitor as Shovels cation,

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General Specific Emergency Emergency action Equip- Data to obser- condition ment, observation record vation level material, and sup- plies flowing clear water described above. Con- approx- and/or increasing struct measuring weir and imate flow rate. channel all seepage flow through weir. Attempt to determine source of seepage. Seriously or rapidly Continue 24-hour monitor- Dozer, Site lo- increasing seep- ing and remedial action as shovels, cation, age, under-seep- described above. Initiate source of approx- age, or drain flow. ORANGE emergency lowering of the fill mate- imate reservoir. Construct a large rial flow ring dike around the seepage area. Additional seepage Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Site lo- areas with rapid in- Employ all available equip- shovels, cation, crease in flow and RED ment to attempt to con- source of approx- muddy water. struct a large ring dike fill mate- imate around the seepage area. rial flow Skin slide or Examine rest of embank- Stakes, Dis- slough on slope of ment for other slides. Place tape tance embankment. No stakes in slide material and measure be- further movement BLUE adjacent to it for determin- tween of slide and em- ing if further movement is stakes bankment crest taking place. not degraded. Slide or erosion in- Initiate 24-hour surveil- Dozer, Dis- volving large mass lance. Mobilize all availa- shovels, tance of material, crest of ble resources and equip- sources be- embankment is de- ment for repair operations of fill tween graded, no move- BLUE to increase freeboard and material, stakes ment or very slow to protect the exposed em- sand- continuing move- bankment material. Start bags ment. filling sandbags and stockpile near slide area.

Slides or severe erosion or Slides Slide or erosion in- Continue monitoring and Dozer, Dis- volving large mass remedial actions as de- shovels, tance of material, crest of scribed above. Place addi- source of be- embankment is de- ORANGE tional material at the toe of fill mate- tween graded, progres- the slope to stop the slide. rial, stakes sively increasing in pump size. Slide or erosion in- RED Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Dis- volving large mass Utilize all available shovels, tance

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General Specific Emergency Emergency action Equip- Data to obser- condition ment, observation record vation level material, and sup- plies of material, crest of equipment and personnel sand- be- embankment is se- to sandbag the degraded bags, tween verely degraded, slide area to prevent it from pump stakes movement of slide overtopping. is continuing and may reach pool level. Sinkholes any- Carefully walk the entire Stakes, Size, lo- whereon the em- embankment and down- flagging cation bankmentor within stream area looking for ad- BLUE 150 metresdown- ditional sinkholes, move- stream from the ment, or seepage. toe. Sinkholes with cor- Initiate 24-hour surveil- Dozer, Size, lo- responding seep- lance. Monitor as above. shovels, cation age anywhere on Construct sandbag dike pump the embankment around the seepage exit BLUE or downstream point to reduce the flow

from the toe. rate. Start filling sandbags and stockpile near sink- hole.

Sinkholes Large sinkholes Continue monitoring and Sand- Size, lo- with correspond- remedial action as de- bags, cation ing seepage any- scribed above. Utilize dozer, where on the em- ORANGE sandbags to increase the pump bankment or freeboard on the dam if downstreamfrom necessary. the toe. Sinkholes rapidly Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- getting worse, Utilize all available equip- shovels, cation seepage flowing RED ment and personnel to at- pump muddy water and tempt to construct a large increasing flow. ring dike around the area. Obvious settle- Look for bulges on slope or None Size, lo- ment of the crest of changes in crest align- cation the embankment, ment. BLUE especially adjacent to concrete structures.

Settlement Settlement of crest Initiate 24-hour surveil- Sand- Size, lo- of embankment BLUE lance. Mobilize all availa- bags, cation that is progressing, ble resources for repair op- dozer, especially adjacent erations to increase shovels,

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General Specific Emergency Emergency action Equip- Data to obser- condition ment, observation record vation level material, and sup- plies to concrete struc- freeboard. Fill and stock- source of tures or if any cor- pile sandbags. Identify any fill mate- responding seep- boils near settlement rial age is present. points for flowing material and pursue action for boils. Settlement of crest Continue monitoring and Sand- Size, lo- of embankment remedial actions as de- bags, cation that is rapidly pro- scribed above. Use sand- shovels, gressing especially bags to increase the free- dozer, adjacent to con- board on the dam if neces- source of crete structures or ORANGE sary. fill mate- if any correspond- rial ing seepage is flowing muddy water or increasing flow. Progressing settle- Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- ment that is ex- Utilize all available equip- shovels, cation pected to degrade ment and personnel to source of the embankment build up the crest in the fill mate- to reservoir level. RED area that is settling. Iden- rial, tify any boils near settle- sand- ment points for flowing bags material and pursue action for boils. Cracks in the em- Walk on entire crest and Stakes, Size, lo- bankment crest BLUE slope and check for addi- tape cation or on slopes. tional cracking. measure Numerous cracks Initiate 24-hour surveil- Stakes, Size, lo- in crest that are en- lance. Carefully monitor tape cation larging, especially and measure cracking to measure,

those perpendicu- determine the speed and dozer, lar to the centerline extent of the problem. Mo- shovels, BLUE of the dam. bilize to fill cracks. Cracks source of parallel to the centerline in- fill mate- Cracking dicate a slide. Follow reme- rial dial action for slides. Large cracks in the Continue monitoring and Dozer, Size, lo- crest that are rap- ORANGE remedial action as de- shovels, cation idly enlarging, es- scribed above. source of pecially those

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General Specific Emergency Emergency action Equip- Data to obser- condition ment, observation record vation level material, and sup- plies perpendicular fill mate- to the centerline of rial the dam. Cracking that ex- Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- tends to pool eleva- Continue remedial actions shovels, cation tion. RED as described above. source of fill material Minor cracking Immediately install meas- Crack Size, lo- and/or movement. uring device to monitor Moni- cation movement. tors, BLUE stakes,

tape measure Significant crack- Initiate 24-hour surveil- Burlap, Size, lo- ing and/or move- lance. Lower burlap on up- rock, cation, ment. stream face of crack to re- dozer, flow duce flow of soil particles. shovels rate BLUE

concrete structure concrete Dump large rock on downstream of moving concrete structure monolith to resist the movement. Serious cracking Prepare for evacuation. Dozer, Size, and/or movement Continue monitoring and rock, move- ORANGE remedial action as de- burlap, ment, scribed above. crack flow monitors rate

Cracking or movement or of Cracking Major cracking Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- and/or movement Dam failure is imminent. shovels, cation, RED Continue monitoring and rock flow remedial actions as de- rate scribed above.

Whirlpool in the Downstream evacuation. Dozer, Size, lo- lake in the vicinity Attempt to plug the en- fill mate- cation, of the embank- trance of the whirlpool rial, flow ment with riprap from the slope sand- rate RED of the embankment. bags, fil- Search downstream for an ter cloth, exit point and construct a straw, ring dike to retard the flow rocks Upstream whirlpool Upstream of soil particles.

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General Specific Emergency Emergency action Equip- Data to obser- condition ment, observation record vation level material, and sup- plies Structural member Initiate 24-hour surveil- Crane Type of of a gate or gate lance. Immediately place and prob-

operator broken or stop logs in front of gate welder lem, lo- severely damaged ORANGE and initiate necessary ac- cation

gate so as to prevent options to get gate repaired. eration

Malfunction of of Malfunction of the gate Lake level rising Initiate 24-hour surveil- Lake and rain continu- lance of lake level and rain- level, ing BLUE fall. rainfall

ing lake ing Generate inflow forecasts

Rapidly ris- Rapidly every 12 hours. Water flowing over Prepare for evacuation. Dozer, Lake the dam and lake Continue monitoring. fill mate- level, continuing to rise. Generate inflow forecasts rial, rainfall No significant ero- sand- ORANGE every 3 hours. sion of down- bags, fil- stream embank- ter cloth, ment. rocks Water flowing over Immediate evacuation. Cam- Status

the dam, the lake Dam failure is imminent or eras. of continuing to rise, ongoing. breach and significant for- erosion of down- mation. stream embank- Width Overtopping ment with develop- of ment of head-cuts RED breach encroaching on the as it en- dam crest, or sig- larges. nificant movement of sections of concrete or masonry portions of the

dam.

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2.4 Sample Public Announcements

Note: These messages are communicated to downstream residents to alert the public of impending danger. The Superintending engineer Kabini&Varuna Circle Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited Mysore should coordinate with the District Magistrates/Collectors for Mysore and Chamarajana- gar prior to release. Messages can be communicated via radio, television, bulk SMSs of local mobile networks, and other media outlets.

Announcement for a Slowly Developing “Watch” Condition (BLUE Emergency Level)

Superintending Engineer Kabini&Varuna Circle Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited Mysore has declared a BLUE Level “Watch” condition for Kabini Dam, Project Identification Code [KA06HH0098] as of [time and date]. [Briefly describe the problem or condition.] Although there is no immediate danger of the dam failing, [Describe what actions are being taken to monitor and control the situation.] [State the quantity of any releases from the reservoir.]

Announcement for a Worsening “Watch” Condition (BLUE Emergency Level)

Superintending Engineer Kabini&Varuna Circle Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited Mysore has declared a BLUE Level “Watch” condition for Kabini Dam, Project Identification Code [KA06HH0098] as of [time and date]. [Briefly describe the problem or condition.] Although there is no immediate danger of the dam failing a possibility now exists that the dam will fail if correction efforts are unsuccessful. Describe what actions are being taken to monitor and correct the situation.] [State the quantity of any releases from the reservoir]. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received.

Announcement for a Probable “Failure” Condition (ORANGEEmergency Level)

Urgent! This is an emergency message Superintending Engineer Kabini&Varuna Circle Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited Mysore has announced that Kabini Dam, KA06HH0098 is probably going to fail. [Describe what actions are being taken to monitor and control the situation.] It is possible that the dam will fail in [##] hours. Residents in low lying areas along the [Stream], the [Stream], and the [Stream], as well as the town of [Name], should prepare for immediate evacuation. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received.

Announcement of an Impending “Failure” Condition (RED Emergency Level)

Emergency! This is an emergency message Superintending Engineer Kabini&Varuna Circle Cau- very Neeravari Nigam Limited Mysore has announced Kabini Dam, KA06HH0098 is going to fail at any moment. Residents who have not yet done so should immediately evacuate the city of [Name] and low lying areas along the [Stream], the [Stream], and the [Stream]. The flood waters have already reached [Highway] and [Road]. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received.

Announcement of an Ongoing “Failure” Condition (RED Emergency Level)

Emergency! This is an emergency message Superintending Engineer Kabini&Varuna Circle Cau- very Neeravari Nigam Limited Mysore has announced Kabini Dam, KA06HH0098 failed at [time and date]. Residents who have not yet done so should immediately evacuate the city of [Name] and low lying areas along the [Stream], the [Stream], and the [Stream]. The flood waters have already reached [Highway] and [Road]. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received.

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2.5 Roles and Responsibilities of Dam Authorities during Emergency

Responsibilities of Dam Executive Engineer ✓ Responsible for initiating implementation of the EAP. ✓ Collecting weather forecasts and the inflow forecasts and alerting of any potential emergency situation. ✓ Conducting routine dam maintenance, such as annual weed control, conducting dam integrity inspections, and notifying Karnataka Water Resources Department of any potential emergency situations. ✓ Contacting emergency personnel should a dam failure be imminent.

Responsibilities of Dam Superintending Engineer

Responsible for updating the EAP. An annual EAP review will be conducted to ensure that contact names and numbers are current on the Notification Flowcharts.

Responsibilities of Dam Chief Engineer ✓ Responsible for directing specific, incident appropriate actions during an emergency, such as opening or closing water outlets and remedial construction activities such as earth moving,etc. Specific scenarios are not listed in this EAP.

✓ For inspecting the dam in a potential emergency such as the potential threat of high waters or a tropical cyclone. The Chief Engineer will contact the Mysore District Police and Dis- trict Deputy Commissioner.

✓ If warranted, the Chief Engineer will notify the State and District Disaster Management Authorities. The Mysore District Police will notify downstream residents. The Mysore district deputy commissioner will implement the Notification Flowchart for regional and state disaster management contacts.

✓ In the event of a failure condition, the Chief Engineer will activate the Emergency Opera- tions Center to serve as the main distribution center for warning and evacuation activities. Emergency Operations Center will be established at the Office of Karnataka Water Re- sources Department. The Chief Engineer will be responsible for initiating actions from thislocation.

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APPENDIX 3 ― MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE DUR- ING MONSOON

Materials during monsoon period should be stocked in adequate quantity as experience shows them to be necessary. Particular care should be taken that the required materials are distributed with careful fore-thought so as to be readily available everywhere, particularly at dangerous sites. The quantity of materials required depends on importance or dangerousness of the dam and the distances of the dam from the nearest stations at which these can be purchased. This will need to be worked out by the respective dam owners / state govt. as per their experience & documented in the O & M Manual for the dams. The following norms have been prescribedby the Govt. of Madhya Pradesh for their projects during monsoon period. 1. Patrolling i. Torches: 1 for each Executive Engineer, Assistant Engineer, Sub-Engineer and 2 in spare. ii. Cells: 1filland2sparesets iii. Binoculars 6 iv. Night Vision Goggles 2 v. Dragon Lights 10 vi. Search Lights 15 vii. Communication Systems (local walkie-talkie) 8 viii. Rain coat: 20 ix. Gum boots: 20 x. Danger Zone Light: Strips 10 xi. Flares 50

2. Leaks i Gunny Bags 500 ii. Stakes 60 to 120 stakes per km. iii. Baskets 1 Basket of toot per balder&one spare. iv. Solti (Twine) 0.5kg per 100bags v. Needles ½ dozen with each work mestry vi. Sand Collectionof2to4m3everykm.for

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APPENDIX 4― SCHEDULED OR UNSCHEDULED DAM SAFETY INSPECTION FORM

A form designed for use during scheduleddam safety inspections – which includes pre- and post- monsoon inspections – follows. The form contains a comprehensive checklist (Part 2a) of items that are found at dams that need to be evaluated during a safety inspection. The checklist consists of (1) a series of questions that need to be answered as Yes/No/Not Applicable for each inspection item, (2) a remarks box in which critical aspects can be commented upon following each question, and (3) a final condition assessment (Unsatisfactory/Poor/Fair/Satisfactory) for that inspection item. Not all inspection items will be found at a dam. The form concludes with a Consolidated Dam Health Status Report (Part 2b)

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Scheduled / Unscheduled Dam Safety Inspection Form Part 1a - Inspection Details:

Dam Name: Project ID Code (PIC):

Dam Type: Dam Purpose:

Dam Owner: Hazard Classification:

Dam Operator: Inspection by:

City/State/PIN: Date of Inspection:

District: Reservoir Level:

Latitude: Auxiliary Spillway Level:

Longitude: Weather Conditions:

Part 1b - Inspection Remarks: Please provide any additional information or comments not covered by Part 1a form above.

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Part 2a - Inspection Checklist:

SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Y N NA

A Reservoir

A1.1 General Condition Is the reservoir water level unusually high or 1.1.1 low?

1.1.2 Are there signs of decline in water quality? Unsatisfactory/Poor/

Fair/Satisfactory

1.1.3 Are there signs of recent sediment deposition?

1.1.4 Is floating debris present?

Are there people or livestock in and around

1.1.5 reservoir?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

B Dam and Dam Reach (Embankment)

B1.1 General Condition Any major alterations or changes to the dam

1.1.1 since the last inspection? Is there any new nearby development in the 1.1.2 downstream floodplain? Any misalignment of poles, fencing or walls 1.1.3

due to dam movement? B1.2 Upstream Slope

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

1.2.1 Any signs of bulging or concavity (depressions)?

1.2.2 Presence of longitudinal or transverse cracks?

1.2.3 Any signs of distress to the stability of slopes?

1.2.4 Any other signs of structural distress or instability?

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at any lo- 1.2.5 cation? Is there evidence of livestock on the upstream 1.2.6 slope? Are ants, termites, crabs or other burrowing animals 1.2.7 present?

1.2.8 Any degradation to slope protection (rip-rap)?

1.2.9 Any other issues?

B1.3 Crest of Dam

1.3.1 Any signs of excessive or uneven settlement?

1.3.2 Presence of longitudinal or transverse cracks?

Presence of undulations, local depressions or heav- 1.3.3 ing?

1.3.4 Any degradation to access road (sealed/unsealed)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

1.3.5 Evidence of livestock on dam crest?

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at any lo- 1.3.6

cation?

Any degradation to edges of dam crest or reduction 1.3.7 in width? Any degradation to upstream parapet or down- 1.3.8 stream curb wall?

1.3.9 Any other issues?

B1.4 Downstream Slope

1.4.1 Any signs of bulging or concavity (depressions)?

Any wet patches (seepage), concentrated leaks or 1.4.2 evidence of boiling?

1.4.3 Presence of longitudinal or transverse cracks?

1.4.4 Any signs of distress to the stability of slopes?

Are of rain cuts/erosion channels present at any lo- 1.4.5 cation?

1.4.6 Any other signs of structural distress or instability?

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at any lo- 1.4.7 cation? Is there evidence of livestock on the downstream 1.4.8 slope?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Are ants, termites, crabs or other burrowing animals 1.4.9

present?

1.4.10 Any other degradation to slope protection (turfing)?

1.4.11 Any other issues?

B1.5 Breaching Section

1.5.1 Any difficulties in accessing the breaching section?

1.5.2 Evidence of recent degradation?

1.5.3 Any other issues?

B1.6 Junction with Masonry/Concrete Dam Section Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots in the 1.6.1

vicinity of the junction?

Any presence of cracking, settlement or upheaval of 1.6.2 earthwork?

1.6.3 Any evidence of erosion or slope instability?

1.6.4 Any other issues?

B1.7 Abutment Contacts Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots in the 1.7.1 vicinity of the abutment? Any presence of cracking, settlement or upheaval of 1.7.2 earthwork?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

1.7.3 Any evidence of erosion or slope instability?

1.7.4 Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes?

Any degradation to up/downstream slope protec- 1.7.5 tion (rip-rap, turfing)?

1.7.6 Any other issues?

B2 Dam and Dam Block/Reach (Concrete/Masonry)

B2.1 General Condition Any major alterations or changes to the dam since

2.1.1 the last inspection? Is there any new nearby development in the down- 2.1.2 stream floodplain? Any misalignment of poles, fencing or walls due to 2.1.3 dam movement?

B2.2 Upstream Face

Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 2.2.1 ing, stratification)? Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 2.2.2 disintegration)? Is cracking present (structural, thermal, along 2.2.3

joints)?

Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.2.4 set/open joints)? Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 2.2.5 blocks)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Evidence of any other damage to joints 2.2.6 and/orwaterstops?

2.2.7 Any other issues?

B2.3 Crest of Dam Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.3.1 set/open joints)? Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 2.3.2

joints)?

Profuse growth of weeds/grass/plants at any loca- 2.3.3 tion?

2.3.4 Any degradation to access road?

Any degradation to upstream parapet or down- 2.3.5 stream curb wall?

2.3.6 Any other issues?

B2.4 Downstream Face

Evidence of surface defects (honey-combing, stain- 2.4.1 ing, stratification)? Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 2.4.2

disintegration)?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 2.4.3 joints)? Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.4.4 set/open joints)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 2.4.5 blocks)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or 2.4.6 waterstops? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location on 2.4.7 downstream face? Significant leakage at any location on downstream 2.4.8 face?

2.4.9 Any other issues?

B2.5 Abutment Contacts Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots in vicin- 2.5.1

ity of abutment?

2.5.2 Any presence of cracking or settlement?

Profuse growth of weeds/grass/plants at any loca- 2.5.3 tion?

2.5.4 Any other issues?

C1 Gallery/Shaft and Drainage (Embankment)

C1.1 General Condition

Slushy condition or water logging immediately 1.1.1 downstream of dam?

1.1.2 Any evidence of boiling in vicinity of dam toe?

C1.2 Gallery/Shaft Condition

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Any problems accessing or inspecting gallery/shaft 1.2.1 (obstruction)? Any safety issues (inadequate handrails, lighting or 1.2.2 ventilation)? Problems of inadequate drainage (slippery stairs, wa- 1.2.3 ter logging of gallery)? Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 1.2.4 set/open joints)? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location along 1.2.5 gallery/shaft? Significant leakage at any location along gal- 1.2.6 lery/shaft?

1.2.7 Any other issues?

C1.3 Drain Condition

1.3.1 Is the flow in the drain unusually high or low?

Any reduction/deterioration in the drain section or 1.3.2 slope? Presence of debris or profuse growth of 1.3.3 weeds/bushes at any location?

1.3.4 Any other obstruction to the flow of the drain?

Is the flow in the drain noticeably sporadic/irregu- 1.3.5 lar? Does the drainage water have high turbidity (high 1.3.6 sediment load)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

1.3.7 Any other issues?

C2 Gallery/Shaft and Drainage (Concrete/Masonry)

C2.1 General Condition Slushy condition or water logging just downstream 2.1.1 of dam? C2.2 Gallery/Shaft Condition Any problems accessing or inspecting gallery/shaft

2.2.1 (obstruction)? Any safety issues (inadequate handrails, lighting or 2.2.2 ventilation)? Problems of inadequate drainage (slippery stairs, 2.2.3 water logging of gallery)? Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 2.2.4 ing, stratification)? Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 2.2.5 disintegration)? Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 2.2.6

joints)?

Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.2.7 set/open joints)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or wa- 2.2.8 ter stops? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location along 2.2.9 gallery/shaft? Significant leakage at any location along gal- 2.2.10 lery/shaft?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

2.2.11 Any other issues?

C2.3 Drain Condition

2.3.1 Is the flow in the drain unusually high or low?

2.3.2 Presence of calcium or other deposits in drain?

Any other evidence of the drain being blocked/hav- 2.3.3 ing reduced section? Is the flow in the drain noticeably sporadic/irregu- 2.3.4 lar? Does the drainage water have unusual color (leach 2.3.5 ate)?

2.3.6 Any other issues?

D1 Spillway and Energy Dissipation Structure

1.1 Spillway Any problems inspecting spillway (obstructed ac- 1.1.1 cess, damaged catwalk)? Any obstructions in or immediately downstream of

1.1.2 the spillway? Evidence of abrasion, cavitations or scour on glacis 1.1.3 (e.g. exposed reinforcement)?

1.1.4 Presence of displaced, offset or open joints?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 1.1.5 joints)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 1.1.6 ing, stratification)? Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 1.1.7 disintegration)? Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 1.1.8 blocks)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or wa- 1.1.9 ter stops? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location on spill- 1.1.10 way glacis?

1.1.11 Significant leakage at any location on spillway glacis?

1.1.12 Any other issues?

D1.2 Energy Dissipation Structure Any problems inspecting energy dissipation struc- 1.2.1 ture? Any obstructions in or immediately downstream of 1.2.2

dissipation structure?

Evidence of abrasion, cavitations or scour on dissi- 1.2.3 pation structure?

1.2.4 Presence of displaced, offset or open joints?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 1.2.5 joints)? Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 1.2.6 ing, stratification)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 1.2.7 disintegration)? Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 1.2.8 blocks)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or wa- 1.2.9 ter stops? Any problems with under-drainage (blockage of 1.2.10 open drain holes)?

1.2.11 Any other issues?

E1 Intake/Outlet and Water Conveyance Structure

E1.1 Intake/Outlet Structure

Any problems inspecting intake/outlet structure (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)? Any obstructions in, upstream or downstream of in- 1.1.2

take/outlet structure?

Evidence of abrasion, cavitations or scour on in- 1.1.3 take/outlet structure? Any evidence of structural distress (displaced/off- 1.1.4 set/open joints, cracking)? Any evidence of surface defects and/or con- 1.1.5 crete/masonry deterioration?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

E1.2 Water Conveyance Structure Any problems inspecting intake/outlet structure (ob- 1.2.1 structed/unsafe access)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Any obstructions in, upstream or downstream of wa- 1.2.2 ter conveyance structure? Evidence of abrasion, cavitations or scour on struc- 1.2.3 ture? Any evidence of structural distress (displaced/off- 1.2.4 set/open joints, cracking)?

Any evidence of surface defects and/or material de- 1.2.5 terioration? Any evidence of seepage or leakage from water con- 1.2.6 veyance structure? 1.2.7 Any other issues?

F1 Hydro-Mechanical Component and Turbine/Pump

F1.1 Gates, and Bulk Heads Any problems inspecting gate/bulk head (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)? Any issues with storage of equipment (emergency 1.1.2

emergency gates, and gate leaves)?

Missing or inadequate spare parts (particularly re- 1.1.3 quiring regular replacement)? Any deterioration of equipment (connecting bolts, 1.1.4 welds, surface, paint work?) Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.1.5 operation? Any problems with the rollers (not touching tracks, 1.1.6

inadequate lubrication)?

Any problems with the seals (damage, weathering, 1.1.7 gaps with bearing surface)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

1.1.8 Any other issues?

F1.2 Hoists, Cranes and Operating Mechanisms Any problems inspecting hoist/crane/operating 1.2.1 mechanism? Missing or inadequate spare parts (particularly re- 1.2.2 quiring regular replacement)? Any deterioration of equipment (connecting bolts, 1.2.3

welds, surface, paint work?)

Any wear or damage to wire cables and other mov- 1.2.4 ing parts? Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.2.5 operation? Missing or inadequate provision of back-up/standby 1.2.6 power supply? Any health and safety concerns (e.g. lack of danger 1.2.7 sign during maintenance)?

1.2.8 Any other issues?

F1.3 Valves

1.3.1 Any problems inspecting valve?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.3.2 operation? Any deterioration of valve and associated equip- 1.3.3 ment?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

1.3.4 Any other issues?

F1.4 Trash Racks

1.4.1 Any problems inspecting trash rack?

Problems of excessive debris and/or inadequate 1.4.2 cleaning? Any deterioration of trash rack (rust, corrosion, and 1.4.3 damaged blades)?

1.4.4 Any other issues?

F1.5 Trash Rack Cleaning Machines

Any problems inspecting trash rack cleaning ma-

1.5.1 chine? Missing or inadequate spare parts (particularly re- 1.5.2 quiring regular replacement)? Any deterioration of equipment (connecting bolts, 1.5.3 welds, surface, paint work?) Any wear or damage to wire cables and other mov- 1.5.4 ing parts? Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.5.5 operation? Missing or inadequate provision of back-up/standby 1.5.6 power supply? Any health and safety concerns (e.g. lack of danger 1.5.7 sign during maintenance)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

1.5.8 Any other issues?

F1.6 Turbines

1.6.1 Any problems inspecting turbine?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.6.2 operation? Any deterioration of turbine, blades and associated 1.6.3 equipment?

1.6.4 Any other issues?

F1.7 Pumps

1.7.1 Any problems inspecting pump?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.7.2 operation? Any deterioration of pump and associated equip- 1.7.3 ment?

1.7.4 Any other issues?

G1 Access Road

G1.1 General Condition

Any problems ensuring security of dam site (includ- 1.1.1 ing gates and fencing)? Any obstructions along or at entrance to access road 1.1.2 (temporary or long-term)?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

Any slope stability issues (road embankment or adja- 1.1.3 cent slopes)? Profuse growth of weeds/grass on or in vicinity of 1.1.4 access road? Any drainage problems (standing water on or adja- 1.1.5 cent to road)? Any other degradation to road surface (ruts, pot- 1.1.6 holes, cavities, cracking)? 1.1.7 Any other issues?

H1 Instrumentation

H1.1 General Condition Any problems inspecting instrument (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)? Is the instrument vulnerable to damage or theft (in- 1.1.2 adequate protection)? Any problems ensuring correct functioning of in- 1.1.3 strument (lighting, ventilation)? Any evidence of degradation to condition of instru- 1.1.4 ment (rusting, vandalism)? Any evidence of instrument not working (decom- 1.1.5 missioned, broken)?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

I1 OtheAppartenant Structures (Flexi-Component)

I1.1 Bridges and Catwalks Any problems inspecting bridge or catwalk (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)? Any security issues relating to unauthorized access

1.1.2 (e.g. for gate operation)? Are the decking, girders and supports structurally 1.1.3 sound? Any evidence of defects or deterioration of steel, 1.1.4 concrete or paint work?

1.1.5 Any other issues?

I1.2 Guide Walls Any problems inspecting guide wall (obstructed/un- 1.2.1 safe access)? Any problem with drainage from behind wall (e.g.

1.2.2 blocked weep holes)? Any evidence of scour, foundation erosion or under- 1.2.3 cutting? Any signs of differential settlement, cracking or tilt- 1.2.4 ing?

1.2.5 Any other issues?

I1.3 Miscellaneous

1.3.1 Any other issues? (please specify part)

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SN Inspection Item Response Remarks Conditionb

J1 Emergency Preparedness

J1.1 Emergency Action Plan

Is the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) still pending, 1.1.1 inadequate or outdated? If not, are any dam staff unaware or insufficiently 1.1.2 conversant with the EAP? Any concerned authorities unaware or insufficiently 1.1.3 conversant with the EAP? Do the communication directories/contact details 1.1.4 require updating? Any problems accessing or operating the communi- 1.1.5 cation/warning system?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

aRespond either yes (Y), no (N) or not applicable (NA). bCondition: Please rate the condition as either Satisfactory, Fair, Poor or Unsatisfactory as described below: 1. Satisfactory - No existing or potential dam safety deficiencies are recognized. Acceptable performance is expected under all loading conditions (static, hydrologic, seismic) in accordance with the applicable regulatory criteria or tolerable risk guidelines. 2. Fair - No existing dam safety deficiencies are recognized for normal loading conditions. Rare or extreme hydrologic and/or seismic events may result in a dam safety deficiency. Risk may be in the range to take further action. 3. Poor - A dam safety deficiency is recognized for loading conditions which may realistically occur. Remedial action is necessary. Poor may also be used when uncertain- ties exist as to critical analysis parameters which identify a potential dam safety deficiency. Further investigations and studies are necessary. 4. Unsatisfactory - A dam safety deficiency is recognized that requires immediate or emergency remedial action for problem resolution.

Part 2b – Consolidated Dam Health Status Report:

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Observations/Significant SN Remedial Measures Suggested Categorya Deficiencies Noticed

aCategory I – deficiencies which may lead to failure; Category II – major deficiencies requiring prompt remedial measures; Category III – minor remedial measures which are rectifiable during the year

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APPENDIX 5 – CCTV CAMERA SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

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DH-SD6982/82A-HN

2Mp Full HD Network PTZ Dome Camera

Features

 4.7mm ~ 94.0mm(20x)optical zoom  H.264 & MJPEG dual-stream encoding and JPEG image capture  Max 25/30fps@1080p resolution  WDR(DWDR), Day/Night(ICR), DNR (2D&3D),Auto iris, Auto focus, AWB, AGC,BLC  Multiple network monitoring: Web viewer, CMS(DSS/PSS) & DMSS  Max 240°/s pan speed, 360° endless pan rotation  Up to 255 presets, 5 auto scan, 8 tour, 5 pattern  Built-in 7/2 alarm in/out  Support intelligent 3D positioning with DH-SD protocol  Micro SD memory, IP66  IR LEDs up to 100m

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DH-SD6982/82A-HN

Dimensions (mm)

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DH-SD6982/82A-HN

Technical Specifications

Model DH-SD6982-HN DH-SD6982A-HN

Camera Image Sensor 1/3inchExmor CMOS

Effective Pixels 1944(H) x 1092(V), 2 Megapixels Scanning System Progressive Electronic Shutter Speed 1/1 to 1/10,000 s 1/1 ~ 1/30,000s Min. Illumination Color: 0.5 [email protected] Color: [email protected] B/W: 0.095 [email protected] B/W: [email protected] S/N Ratio More than 50dB Video Output BNC(1.0Vp-p/75Ω), PAL / NTSC

Camera Features Max. IR LEDs Length 100m

Day/Night Auto(ICR) / Color / B/W

Backlight Compensation BLC / HLC / WDR BLC / HLC /DWDR (Digital WDR) White Balance Auto, ATW, Indoor, Outdoor, Manual Gain Control Auto / Manual

Noise Reduction 2D / 3D Privacy Masking Up to 24 areas Digital Zoom 12x 16x Lens Focal Length 4.7mm ~ 94.0mm(20x Optical zoom) Max Aperture F1.6 ~ F3.5 Focus Control Auto / Manual

Angle of View H: 55.4°~2.9° H: 58.2° ~ 2.9° Close Focus Distance 10mm ~ 800mm 10mm~ 1000mm

PTZ Pan/Tilt Range Pan: 0° ~ 360° endless; Tilt: -2° ~ 90°, auto flip 180° Manual Control Speed Pan: 0.1° ~160° /s; Tilt: 0.1° ~120° /s Preset Speed Pan: 240° /s; Tilt: 200° /s Preset 80(DH-SD), 255(Pelco-P/D) PTZ Mode 5 Pattern, 8 Tour, Auto Pan, Auto Scan Speed Setup Human-oriented focal length/ speed adaptation Power up Action Auto restore to previous PTZ and lens status after power failure Idle Motion Activate Preset/Pan/Scan/Tour/Pattern if there is no command in the specified period Time Task Auto activation of Preset/Pan/Scan/Tour/Pattern by preset-time Protocol DH-SD, Pelco-P/D (Auto recognition) Video Compression H.264 / MJPEG

Resolution 1080P(1920×1080) / 720P(1280×720) / D1(704×576/704×480) / CIF(352×288/352×240)

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020

DH-SD6982/82A-HN Frame Rate Main Stream 1080P/720P(1 ~ 25/30fps)

Sub Stream D1/CIF(1 ~ 25/30fps) Bit Rate H.264: 56K ~ 8192Kbps, MJPEG: 56K ~ 20480Kbps

Audio Compression G.711a / G.711u(32kbps)/PCM(128kbps)

Interface 1/1 channel In/Out Network Ethernet RJ-45 (10/100Base-T) Protocol IPv4/IPv6, HTTP, HTTPS, SSL, TCP/IP, UDP, UPnP, ICMP, IGMP, SNMP, RTSP, RTP, SMTP, NTP, DHCP, DNS, PPPOE, DDNS, FTP, IP Filter, QoS, Bonjour ONVIF ONVIF Ver. 2.0 conformance Max. User Access 20 users

Smart Phone iPhone, iPad, Android, Windows Phone Auxiliary Interface Memory Slot Micro SD, Max 32GB

RS485 1

Alarm 7/2 channel In/Out General Power Supply AC 24V/3A (±10%) / DC12V optional

Power Consumption 17W/35W(IR LEDs on, Heater on) Working Environment -40ºC ~ 60ºC / Less than 90% RH

Ingress Protection IP66 Dimensions Φ229.6(mm) x 381.5(mm)

Weight 7.0kg

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020

Data storage server NAS Specifications:-

Make SYNOLOGY

Model DS-1512+

CPU Frequency 2.13Ghz Dual Core Processor

Memory 1GB DDR3 Memory

Internal HDD Bays 5 * 3.5inch Hot Swap Bays Support SATA-II HDD

Internal Storage 15Tb (3Tb * 5) RAW Capacity

Ext. Device Interface 2* USB 3.0 Ports + 4 * USB 2.0 Ports

RAID Level RAID 0,1,10,5,6, RAID 5 + Hot Spare & JBOD

Gigabit LAN Two Gigabit Ethernet ports File System Support EXT4, (FAT/NTFS) Read Only Networking Protocol CIFS, AFP, FTP, Telnet, SSH, NFS OS Support / Windows, Linux / Mac Clients System Compatibility NAS Management (Embedded) USER creations, Full ADS integration, RAID Manage- ment, Built in Firewall, FTP Server, SNMP & HTTPS Support, iSCSI support, Resource Monitoring, HDD S.M.A.R.T, Web Based File Management, Network Re- cycle Bin, Schedule Power ON/OFF Link Aggregation, Print Server. Max. No. of Bays Up to 15 Bays by Stacking 2 * DX513 Expansion Units Max. Storage Up to 60TB RAW Power Consumption Max. 60W Access Form Factor Desktop Size 157mm x 248mm x 233mm Warranty 3 Years

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APPENDIX 6 - GLOSSARY

Dam – any artificial barrier including appur- Dam inspection – on-site visual examina- tenant works constructed across rivers or tion of all components of dam and its appur- tributaries thereof with a view to impound or tenances by one or more persons trained in divert water; includes barrage, weir and simi- this respect and includes investigation of the lar water impounding structures but does not non-overflow portion, spillways, abutments, include water conveyance structures such as stilling basin, piers, bridge, downstream toe, canal, aqueduct and navigation channel and drainage galleries, operation of mechanical flow regulation structures such as flood em- systems (including gates and its components, bankments, dikes, and guide bunds. drive units, cranes), interior of outlet con- Dam failure – failures in the structures or duits, instrumentation records, and record- operation of a dam which may lead tothe keeping arrangements. uncontrolled release of impounded water re- Dam owner – the Central Government or a sulting in downstream flooding affecting the State Government or public sector undertak- life and property of the people. ing or local authority or company and any or Dam incident – all problems occurring to a all of such persons or organizations, who own, control, operate or maintain a specified dam that has not degraded into ‘dam failure’ and including the following: dam. a) Structural damage to the dam and ap- Dam safety – the practice of ensuring the purtenant works; integrity and viability of dams such that they b) Unusual readings of instruments in the do not present unacceptable risks to the pub- dam; lic, property, and the environment. It requires c) Unusual seepage or leakage through the the collective application of engineering prin- dam body; ciples and experience, and a philosophy of d) Change in the seepage or leakage re- risk management that recognizes that a dam gime; is a structure whose safe function is not ex- e) Boiling or artesian conditions noticed plicitly determined by its original design and below an earth dam; construction. It also includes all actions taken f) Stoppage or reduction in seepage or to identify or predict deficiencies and conse- leakage from the foundation or body of quences related to failure, and to document, the dam into any of the galleries, for publicize, and reduce, eliminate, or remediate dams with such galleries; to the extent reasonably possible, any unac- g) Malfunctioning or inappropriate ceptable risks. operation of gates; Decommission― Taking a dam out of ser- h) Occurrence of any flood, the peak of vice in an environmentally sound and safe which exceeds the available flood dis- manner or converting it to another purpose. charge capacity or 70% of the approved Design life― the intended period that the design flood; dam will function successfully with only rou-

i) Occurrence of a flood, which resulted in tine maintenance; determined during design encroachment on the available free- phase. board, or the adopted design freeboard; j) Erosion in the near vicinity, up to five Distress condition – the occurrence or po- hundred meters, downstream of the tential development of such conditions in the spillway, waste weir, etc.; and dam or appurtenance or its reservoir or res- k) Any other event that prudence suggests ervoir rim, which if left unattended to, may would have a significant unfavorable impede the safe operation of dam for its in- impact on dam safety. tended benefits or may pose unacceptable

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020 risks to the life and property of people down- Rehabilitation― the completion of all work stream. necessary to extend the service life of the Documentation – all permanent records practice or component and meet applicable concerning investigation, design, construc- safety and performance standards. tion, operation, performance, maintenance Repair― actions to restore deteriorated, and safety of dams and includes design mem- damaged, or failed dam or its component to orandum, construction drawings, geological an acceptable by meeting functional condi- reports, reports of specialized studies simu- tion. lating structural and hydraulic response of Replacement― the removal of a structure the dam, changes made in design and draw- or component and installation of a similar, ings, quality control records, emergency ac- functional structure or component. tion plan, operation and maintenance manual, instrumentation readings, inspection and Service Life― the actual period after con- testing reports, operational reports, and dam struction of a dam, during which the practice safety review reports; functions adequately and safely with only routine maintenance; determined by on-site Emergency Action Plan(EAP)― a plan of review. action to be taken to reduce the potential for damage to property and loss of life in the area Abutment―that part of a valley side against affected by failure of a dam or other poten- which a dam is constructed. Right and left tially hazardous practice. abutments are those on respective sides of the of an observer looking downstream. Hazard Classification― a system that cate- gorizes dams according to the degree of ad- Air-Vent Pipe―a pipe designed to provide verse incremental consequences of a failure air to the outlet conduit to reduce turbulence or improper operation of the dam. CWC during release of water and safeguard against classifies dam hazards as low, significant, or damages due to cavitations. high. Appurtenant Structures―ancillary features Maintenance― the recurring activities nec- of a dam, such as the outlet, spillway, energy essary to retain or restore a dam in a safe and dissipation arrangement powerhouse, tun- functioning condition, including the manage- nels, etc. ment of vegetation, the repair or replacement Arch Dam―a concrete or masonry dam that of failed components, the prevention or is curved to transmit the major part of the treatment of deterioration, and the repair of water pressure to the abutments. damages caused by flooding or vandalism. Backwater Curve―the longitudinal profile Operation― the administration, manage- of the water surface in an open channel ment, and performance of maintenance ac- where the depth of flow has been increased tivities necessary to keep a dam safe and by an obstruction, an increase in channel functioning as planned. roughness, a decrease in channel width, or a Program ― any authorized activity used to flattening of the bed slope. implement and carry out goals, actions, and Base Width (Base Thickness)―the maxi- objectives contained within the authorizing mum width or thickness of a dam measured legislation. horizontally between upstream and down- Program Life― the period in a contract, stream faces and normal (perpendicular) to conservation plan, or plan during which the the axis of the dam but excluding projections conservation practice or conservation system for outlets, etc. shall be maintained and used for the intended Berm―a horizontal step or bench in the purpose; determined by program require- sloping profile of an embankment dam. ments.

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Upstream Blanket―an impervious layer Cutoff trench―an excavation later to be placed on the reservoir floor upstream of a filled with impervious material to form a cut- dam. In case of an embankment dam, the off. blanket may be connected to the impermea- Cutoff wall―a wall of impervious material ble element in a dam. (e.g., concrete, asphaltic concrete, steel-sheet Buttress dam―a dam consisting of a water- piling) built into the foundation to reduce tight upstream face supported at intervals on seepage under the dam. the downstream side by a series of buttresses. Dead storage―the storage that lies below Cofferdam―a temporary structure enclosing the invert of the lowest outlet and that, there- all or part of a construction area so that con- fore, cannot be withdrawn from the reser- struction can proceed in a dry area. voir. Concrete Lift―in concrete works the verti- Design flood―see spillway design flood. cal distance between successive horizontal Diaphragm―see membrane. construction joints. Dike (Levee) ―a long low embankment Conduit Outlet Works―a closed conduit whose height is usually less than 5 m and for conveying discharge through or under a whose length is more than 10 times the max- dam for different project purposes. imum height. Usually applied to embank- Consolidation Grouting (Blanket Grout- ments or structures built to protect land from ing) ―the injection of grout to consolidate a flooding. If built of concrete or masonry, the layer of the foundation, resulting in greater structure is usually referred to as a flood wall. impermeability, strength, or both. Also, used to describe embankments that Construction Joint―the interface between block areas on a reservoir rim that are lower than the top of the main dam and that are two successive placing or pours of concrete where a bond, not permanent separation, is quite long. In the Mississippi River basin, intended. where the old French word levee has survived, the term now applies to flood-protecting em- Core Wall―a wall built of impervious mate- bankments whose height can average up to rial, usually concrete or asphaltic concrete, in 15 m. the body of an embankment dam to prevent leakage. Diversion channel, canal, or tunnel―a waterway used to divert water from its natural Crest Length―the length of the dam at its course. These terms are generally applied to crest (dam top) top of a dam, including the temporary structures such as those designed length of the spillway, powerhouse, naviga- to bypass water around a dam site during tion lock, fish pass, etc., where these struc- construction. ‘Channel’ is normally used in- tures form part of the length of a dam. If de- stead of ‘canal’ when the waterway is short. tached from a dam, these structures should Occasionally these terms are applied to per- not be included. manent structures. Crest of dam―Used to indicate the ‘top of Drainage area―an area that drains naturally dam’. To avoid confusion to indicate the to a point on a river. crest of spillway and top of dam may be used. Drainage layer or blanket―a layer of per- Culvert―a drain or waterway built under a meable material in a dam to relieve pore pres- road, railway, or embankment, usually con- sure or to facilitate drainage of fill. sisting of a pipe or covered conduits Relief well―vertical wells or boreholes, con- Cutoff―an impervious construction or ma- structed downstream of an embankment terial which reduces seepage through the dam to relieve the pressure from confined foundation material. pervious layers in foundation overlaid by an impervious layer to arrest boiling.

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Drawdown―the lowering of water surface raise the retention water level but that may be level due to release of water from a reservoir. quickly removed in the event of a flood, ei- Earthen dam or earth filled dam―see embank- ther by a tripping device or by deliberately designed failure of the flashboard or its sup- ment dam. ports. Embankment dam (Fill dam) ― any dam Floodplain―an area adjoining a body of wa- constructed of excavated natural materials. ter or natural stream that has been, or may Earth dam (Earth fill dam)―An embank- be, covered by flood water. ment dam in which more than 50 percent of the total volume is formed of compacted Floodplain management―a management fine-grained material obtained from a borrow program to reduce the consequences of area. flooding, either by natural runoff or by dam failure, to existing and future properties in a Homogeneous earth fill dam― an em- floodplain. bankment dam constructed of similar earth material throughout, except internal drains or Flood routing―the determination of the at- drainage blankets; distinguished from a tenuating effect of storage on a flood passing zoned earth fill dam. through a valley, channel, or reservoir. Flood surcharge―the volume or space in a Hydraulic fill dam―an embankment dam constructed of materials, often dredged, that reservoir between the controlled retention are conveyed and placed by suspension in water level (Full Reservoir Level) and the maximum water level. Flood surcharge can- flowing water. not be retained in the reservoir but will flow Rock fill dam―an embankment dam in over the spillway until the controlled reten- which more than 50 percent of the total vol- tion water level is reached. ume comprises compacted or dumped pervi- Flood wall―a concrete wall constructed ad- ous natural or crushed rock. jacent to a stream to prevent flooding of Rolled fill dam―an embankment dam of property on the landward side of the wall, earth or rock in which the material is placed normally constructed in lieu of or to supple- in layers and compacted using rollers or roll- ment a levee where the land required for ing equipment. levee construction is expensive or not availa- Zoned embankment dam―an embank- ble. ment dam composed of zones of materials Foundation of dam―the natural material selected for different degrees of porosity, on which the dam structure is placed. permeability and density. Freeboard―the vertical distance between a Emergency spillway―see spillway. stated reservoir level and the top of a dam. Face―the external surface of a structure, Normal freeboard is the vertical distance be- e.g., the surface of a wall of a dam. tween Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and the top of the dam. Minimum freeboard is the verti- Failure―the uncontrolled release of water cal distance between the Maximum Water from a dam. Level (MWL) and the top of the dam. Filter (filter zone) ―A band or zone of Gallery―(a) a passageway within the body of granular material that is incorporated into a a dam or abutment, hence the terms grouting dam and is graded (either naturally or by se- gallery, inspection galleryanddrainage gallery (b) a lection) to allow seepage to flow across or long and rather narrow hall, hence the fol- down the filter without causing the migration lowing terms for a power plant viz.valve gallery, of material from zones adjacent to it. transformer gallery and bus bar gallery. Flashboards―a length of timber, concrete, or steel placed on the crest of a spillway to

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Gate―a device in which a leaf or member is Slide gate (sluice gate) ―a gate that can be moved across the waterway from an external opened or closed by sliding it in supporting position to control or stop the flow. guides. Bulkhead gate―a gate used either for tem- Gravity dam―a dam constructed of con- porary closure of a channel or conduit to crete, masonry, or both that relies on its empty it for inspection or maintenance or for weight for stability. closure against flowing water when the head Grout cap―a pad or wall constructed to fa- difference is small, e.g., for diversion tunnel cilitate pressure grouting of the grout curtain closure. Although a bulkhead gate is usually beneath it. opened and closed under nearly balanced pressures, it nevertheless may be capable of Grout curtain (grout cutoff)―a barrier pro- withstanding a high pressure differential duced by injecting grout into a vertical zone, when in the closed position. usually narrow horizontally, in the foundation to reduce seepage under a dam. Crest gate (spillway gate) ―a gate on the crest of a spillway to control overflow or res- Height above lowest foundation―the ervoir water level. maximum height from the lowest point of the general foundation to the top of the dam. Emergency gate―a standby or reserve gate which is lowers only for repairing / servicing Hydraulic height―the height to which wa- of the service gate. ter rises behind a dam and the difference between the lowest point in the original Fixed wheel gate (fixed-roller gate, fixed- streambed at the axis of the dam and the axle gate) ―a gate having wheels or rollers maximum controllable water surface. mounted on the end posts of the gate. The wheels move against rails fixed in side Hydrograph―a graphic representation of grooves or gate guides. discharge, stage, or other hydraulic property with respect to time for a point on a stream. Flap gate―a gate hinged along one edge, (At times the term is applied to the phenom- usually either the top or bottom edge. Exam- enon the graphic representation describes; ples of bottom-hinged flap gates are tilting hence a flood hydrograph is the passage of a gates and belly gates, so called due to their flood discharge past the observation point.) shape in cross-section. Inclinometer―an instrument, usually con- Flood gate―a gate to control flood release sisting of a metal or plastic tube inserted in a from a reservoir. drill hole and a sensitized monitor either low- Guard gate (guard valve) ―a gate or valve ered into the tube or fixed within it. The that operates fully open or closed. It may monitor measures at different points the function as a secondary device for shutting tube’s inclination to the vertical. By integra- off the flow of water in case the primary clo- tion, the lateral position at various levels of sure device becomes inoperable but is usually the tube may be found relative to a point, operated under conditions of balanced pres- usually the top or bottom of the tube, as- sure and no flow. sumed to be fixed. The system may be used Outlet gate―a gate controlling the outflow to measure settlement. of water from a reservoir. Intake―any structure in a reservoir, dam, or Radial gate (Taintedgate) ―a gate with a river through which water can be drawn into curved upstream plate and radial arms hinged an aqueduct. to piers or other supporting structures. Internal Erosion―see piping. Service/Regulating gate (regulating Inundation map―a map delineating the valve) ―a gate or valve that operates under area that would be inundated in case of a fail- full pressure and flow to throttle and vary the ure. rate of discharge. Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020

Leakage―Uncontrolled loss of water by Outlet―an opening through which water flow through a hole or crack. can be freely discharged from a reservoir. Lining― a coating of asphaltic concrete, re- Overflow dam―a dam designed to be over- inforced or unreinforced concrete, concrete, topped. rubber or plastic on a canal, tunnel etc. to Parapet Wall―a solid wall built along the provide water tightness, prevent erosion, re- top of a dam for ornament, for the safety of duce friction, or support the periphery of vehicles and pedestrians, or to prevent over- structure. May also refer to lining, such as topping. steel or concrete, of outlet pipe or conduit. Peak Flow―the maximum instantaneous Low-level outlet (bottom outlet)―an discharge that occurs during a flood. It coin- opening at a lowlevel from a reservoir gener- cides with the peak of a flood hydrograph. ally used for emptying or for scouring sediment and sometimes for irrigation releases. Pervious Zone―a part of the cross-section of an embankment dam comprising material Masonry dam―a dam constructed mainly of of high permeability. stone, brick or concrete blocks that may or may not be joined with mortar. A dam having Phreatic Surface―the top most flow line in only a masonry facing should not be referred an embankment dam. to as a masonry dam. Piezometer―an instrument for measuring Maximum cross-section of dam―a cross- pore water pressure within soil, rock, or con- section of a dam at the point of its maximum crete. height. Piping―the progressive development of in- Maximum water level―the maximum wa- ternal erosion by seepage, appearing down- ter level, including flood surcharge, the dam stream as a hole or seam discharging water is designed to withstand. that contains soil particles. Membrane (Diaphragm) ―a sheet or thin Pore Pressure―the interstitial pressure of zone or facing made of a flexible material, water within a mass of soil, rock, or concrete. sometimes referred to as a diaphragm wall or Pressure Cell―an instrument for measuring diaphragm. pressure within a mass of soil, rock, or con- Minimum operating level―the lowest level crete or at an interface between one and the to which the reservoir is drawn down under other. normal operating conditions. Pressure Relief Pipes―Pipes used to relieve Morning glory spillway―see spillway. uplift or pore water pressure in a dam’s foundation or structure. Full Reservoir Level (FRL)/Normal water level―for a reservoir with un-gated spill- Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) ―a way it is the spillway crest level. For a reser- flood that would result from the most severe voir, whose outflow is controlled wholly or combination of critical meteorological and partly by movable gates, siphons or other hydrologic conditions possible in the region. means, it is the maximum level to which wa- Probable Maximum Precipitation ter can be stored under normal operating (PMP)―the maximum amount and duration conditions, exclusive of any provision for of precipitation that can be expected to occur flood surcharge. on a drainage basin. One-Hundred Year (100-Year) Exceed- Pumped storage reservoir―a reservoir ance Interval― the flood magnitude ex- filled entirely or mainly with water pumped pected to be equaled or exceeded on the av- from outside its natural drainage area. erage of once in 100 years. It may also be expressed as an exceedance frequency, i.e. a percent chance of being exceeded in any given year. Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0098_Kabini Dam_v1.0 O&M MANUAL FOR KABINI DAM JUNE 2020

Regulating dam―a dam impounding a res- percentage when the slope is gentle, in which ervoir from which water is released to regu- case the term gradient is also used. late Slope Protection―the protection of a slope Reservoir area―the surface area of a reser- against wave action or erosion. voir when filled to controlled retention level. Sluiceway―see low-level outlet. Reservoir routing―the computation by Spillway―a structure over or through which which the interrelated effects of the inflow flood flows are discharged. If the flow is con- hydrograph, reservoir storage, and discharge trolled by gates, it is a controlled spillway; if from the reservoir are evaluated. the elevation of the spillway crest is the only Reservoir surface―the surface of a reser- control, it is an uncontrolled spillway. voir at any level. Auxiliary Spillway (Emergency Spillway) Riprap―a layer of large stones, broken rock, ―a secondary spillway designed to operate or precast blocks placed randomly on the up- only during exceptionally large floods. stream slope of an embankment dam, on a Fuse-Plug Spillway―an auxiliary or emer- reservoir shore, or on the sides of a channel gency spillway comprising a low embank- as a protection against wave action. Large ment or a natural saddle designed to be over- riprap is sometimes referred to as armoring. topped and eroded away during a rare and ex- Risk assessment―as applied to dam safety, ceptionally large flood. the process of identifying the likelihood and Primary Spillway (Principal Spill- consequences of dam failure to provide the way)―the principal or first-used spillway basis for informed decisions on a course of during flood flows. action. Shaft Spillway (Morning Glory Spillway) Rock fill Dam―see embankment dam. ―a vertical or inclined shaft into which flood Roll Crete or Roller-Compacted Con- water spills and then is conducted through, creteAnd-slump concrete that can be hauled under, or around a dam by means of a con- in dump trucks, spread with a bulldozer or duit or tunnel. If the upper part of the shaft grader, and compacted with a vibratory is splayed out and terminates in a circular roller. horizontal weir, it is termed a‘bell mouth’ or Seepage―the interstitial movement of water ‘morningglory’ spillway. that may take place through a dam, its foun- Side Channel Spillway―a spillway whose dation, or its abutments. crest is roughly parallel to the channel imme- Sill―(a) A submerged structure across a river diately downstream of the spillway. to control the water level upstream. (b) The Siphon Spillway―a spillway with one or crest of a spillway. (c) A horizontal gate seat- more siphons built at crest level. This type of ing, made of wood, stone, concrete or metal spillway is sometimes used for providing au- at the invert of any opening or gap in a struc- tomatic surface-level regulation within nar- ture, hence the expressions gate sill and row limits or when considerable discharge ca- emegency gate sill. pacity is necessary within a short period. Slope― (a) the side of a hill or mountain. (b) Spillway Channel (Spillway Tunnel)―a The inclined face of a cutting or canal or em- channel or tunnel conveying water from the bankment. (c) Inclination from the horizon- spillway to the river downstream. tal. In the United States, it is measured as the Stilling Basin―a basin constructed to dissi- ratio of the number of units of horizontal dis- pate the energy of fast-flowing water, e.g., tance to the number of corresponding units from a spillway or bottom outlet, and to pro- of vertical distance. The term is used in Eng- tect the riverbed from erosion. lish for any inclination and is expressed as a

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Stop logs―large logs or timber or steel intermediate size between that of an impervi- beams placed on top of each other with their ous zone and that of a permeable zone. ends held in guides on each side of a channel Trash rack―a screen located at an intake to or conduit providing a cheaper or easily han- prevent the ingress of debris. dled temporary closure than a bulkhead gate. Tunnel―a long underground excavation Storage―the retention of water or delay of usually having a uniform cross-section. Types runoff either by planned operation, as in a of tunnel include: headrace tunnel, pressure reservoir, or by temporary filling of overflow tunnel, collecting tunnel, diversion tunnel, areas, as in the progression of a flood crest power tunnel, tailrace tunnel, navigation tun- through a natural stream channel. nel, access tunnel, scour tunnel, draw-off Tailrace―the tunnel, channel or conduit tunnel, and spillway tunnel. that conveys the discharge from the turbine Under seepage―the interstitial movement to the river, hence the terms tailrace tunnel and of water through a foundation. tailrace canal. Uplift―the upward pressure in the pores of Tail water Level―the level of water in the a material (interstitial pressure) or on the base tailrace at the nearest free surface to the tur- of a structure. bine or in the discharge channel immediately downstream of the dam. Upstream Blanket―see blanket. Toe of Dam―the junction of the down- Valve―a device fitted to a pipeline or orifice stream face of a dam with the ground surface, in which the closure member is either rotated referred to as the downstream toe. For an em- or moved transversely or longitudinally in the bankment dam the junction of upstream face waterway to control or stop the flow. with ground surface is called the upstream toe. Water stop―a strip of metal, rubber or other Top of Dam―the elevation of the upper- material used to prevent leakage through most surface of a dam, usually a road or walk- joints between adjacent sections of concrete. way, excluding any parapet wall, railings, etc. Weir―(a) a low dam or wall built across a Top Thickness (Top Width)―the thick- stream to raise the upstream water level, ness or width of a dam at the level of the top called fixed-crest weir when uncontrolled. (b) A of the dam. In general, ‘thickness’ is used for structure built across a stream or channel for gravity and arch dams, ‘width’ for other measuring flow, sometimes called a measuring dams. weir or gauging weir. Types of weir include broad-crested weir, sharp-crested weir, drowned weir, Transition Zone (Semi-pervious Zone) and submerged weir. ―a part of the cross-section of a zoned embankment dam comprising material of

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Central Dam Safety Organization Central Water Commission

Vision To remain as a premier organisation with best technical and managerial ex- pertise for providing advisory services on matters relating to dam safety. Mission To provide expert services to State Dam Safety Organisations, dam owners, dam operating agencies and others concerned for ensuring safe functioning of dams with a view to protect human life, property and the environment. Values Integrity: Act with integrity and honesty in all our actions and practices. Commitment: Ensure good working conditions for employees and encourage professional excellence. Transparency: Ensure clear, accurate and complete information in communications with stakeholders and take all decisions openly based on reliable information. Quality of service: Provide state-of-the-art technical and managerial services within agreed time frame.

Striving towards excellence: Promote continual improvement as an integral part of our working and strive towards excellence in all our endeavours.

Quality Policy We provide technical and managerial assistance to dam owners and State Dam Safety Organizations for proper surveillance, inspection, operation and maintenance of all dams and appurtenant works in India to ensure safe functioning of dams and protecting human life, property and the environment. We develop and nurture competent manpower and equip ourselves with state of the art technical infrastructure to provide expert services to all stakeholders. We continually improve our systems, processes and services to ensure satis- faction of our customers.

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