Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae V. Genera Allophroides

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Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie

Jahr/Year: 2013

Band/Volume: 036

Autor(en)/Author(s): Horstmann Klaus

Artikel/Article: Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae V. Genera Allophroides Horstmann and Gelanes Horstmann (partim) 227-261 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de

SPIXIANA 36 2 227-261 München, Dezember 2013 ISSN 0341-8391

Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae V. Genera Allophroides Horstmann and Gelanes Horstmann (partim)

(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

† Klaus Horstmann*

Horstmann, K. 2013. Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae V. Genera Allophroides Horstmann and Gelanes Horstmann (partim) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Spixiana 36 (2): 227-261. The Nearctic species of Allophroides Horstmann and of Gelanes Horstmann were undescribed until now. In this paper, all known species of Allophroides (six species) and thirteen species of Gelanes are included in keys and described as new: Allophro- ides flavilabris, A. granulatus, A. laevipleuris, A. obscurus, A. salicicola, A. tenuicauda, Gelanes brevicornis, G. clavicornis, G. flavopictus, G. frontalis, G. incisus, G. intermedius, G. montanus, G. nigrinus, G. pleroneurae, G. punctipleuris, G. punctulatus, G. rarus and G. striatus. Information on hosts and on some aspects of the life history is given for Gelanes brevicornis, G. flavopictus, G. pleroneurae and G. punctipleuris.

Introduction Gelanes: Temple with fine or distinct punctation on a smooth or finely granulate background. Tarsal The two genera treated in this paper are closely claws evenly bent and evenly attenuated, without related, and Townes (1971: 36 f.) had included both subbasal teeth (Fig. 67). Postpetiole smooth or with in Allophroides. In both genera the petiole of the 1st very fine sculpture, at most granulate anteriorly gastral segment is relatively short and the postpetiole (Figs 70, 111). is long, the glymmae thus being situated slightly in Other characters mentioned by Horstmann (1981: front of, and the spiracles being situated slightly 11) are variable within the Nearctic species of these behind, the middle of the segment (Townes 1971: 34, genera. An additional distinguishing character might Horstmann 1981: 7). The other characters mentioned be the host range. Whereas Gelanes species are often by Townes (length of the foveate groove, width of the collected on Pinaceae, where some parasitize larvae clypeus) are somewhat variable within the genera. of Xyelidae (Symphyta) feeding in strobili of Pinus The Nearctic species of Allophroides and Gelanes differ or in buds and shoots of Abies (Khalaim & Blank by the following characters: 2011; this paper), several Allophroides species have Allophroides: Temple finely or distinctly granu- been collected on Salix. late, a fine punctation hardly or not at all visible. Tarsal claws hooked, each with one small subbasal tooth and with the apical tooth long, slender Material and methods and almost straight (Fig. 4). Postpetiole striate or granulate-strigose anteriorly and medially (Figs 7, In general, terminology follows Townes (1969: 36 ff.). 16, 28, 37, 49, 58). Some additional characters used for the differentiation of species are defined in the second part of the present

* The entire collection Horstmann is located in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Munich after the sad demise of Prof. Dr. Klaus Horstmann on 30 July 2013. Requests should be sent to the following address: Zoolo- gische Staatssammlung München, Sektion Hymenoptera, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany.

227 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de series of revisions (Horstmann 2010). Three indices are Taxonomy defined: the frontal index is the ratio of the shortest distance between the inner margins of the eyes (width Allophroides Horstmann of frons) to the longest distance between the outer contours of the eyes (width of head); the ocellar index is the Allophroides Horstmann, 1971. Type species: Porizon boops ratio of the shortest distance between the eye and and Gravenhorst, 1829. the lateral ocellus to the longest diameter of the lateral ocellus; the malar space index is the ratio of the shortest Allophroides is a small genus, which was described distance between the rim bordering the mandibular by Horstmann (1971: 52 f.). The diagnosis by Townes groove and the eye (= malar space) to the basal width (1971: 36 f.) also includes Gelanes Horstmann. De- of a mandible. scribed species occur in the Palaearctic region The recent studies were supported by loans of ma- and were revised by Horstmann (1971: 54 f.) and terial by A. M. R. Bennett (Canadian National Collection Khalaim (2007: 569). The Nearctic species are un- of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, described. The specimens are inconspicuous, small Canada), G. R. Broad (Department of Entomology, Na- tural History Museum, London, U.K.), D. G. Furth and and mostly blackish. Two of the six species treated R. R. Kula (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smith- here appear to be rather widely distributed. Three sonian Institution, Washington, USA ), P. T. Oboyski species are known from only one female and one (Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, additional species is known from only one locality. Berkeley, USA), S. R. Shaw (Insect Museum, University Probably a considerable number of species are still of Wyoming, Laramie, USA), D. B. Wahl (American undetected. Entomological Institute, Gainesville, USA) and R. A. No host record is known for any Allophroides Wharton (Department of Entomology, Texas A & M species. In Europe, A. platyurus (Strobl) has been col- University, College Station, USA). R. R. Kula and D. R. lected at catkins on Salix (Strobl 1904: 100, Schmidt Smith (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smithsonian et al. 2010: 71), and also three Nearctic species are Institution, Washington, USA) sent copies of some notes labelled as having been collected on Salix (A. granu- from Hopkins’ card file and Baker’s notebook at the Washington museum. In addition, D. R. Smith provided latus, A. salicicola, A. tenuicauda). Apparently the me with some papers on Symphyta. M. R. Shaw (Nati- species are univoltine, with a flight period in spring onal Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, U.K.) assisted (exception: A. flavilabris). The unidentified species me with the English language. I am indebted to them parasitizing Pleroneura spp. and Xyela spp. (Xyelidae, all. Symphyta) and attributed to Allophroides by Carlson (1979: 692) and Ohmart & Dahlsten (1979: 884 f.) Abbreviations of depositories belong to Gelanes. The following character states apply to all Allo- AEI American Entomological Institute, Gainesville (including Dasch collection) phroides species discussed here and are not repeated BER Essig Museum of Entomology, University of in the descriptions: Head 1.2-1.3 times as wide as California, Berkeley high. Apex of clypeus rounded, blunt, with a trans- CAM Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard verse row of bristles. Glossa 0.3-0.5 times as long as University, Cambridge (Mass.) the width of the clypeus. Genal carina low. Thorax FRA Department of Entomology, California Academy short, 1.8-2.1 times as long as the width of the meso- of Sciences, San Francisco scutum. Epomia obliterated. Prepectal carina low, HOR Coll. K. Horstmann, Würzburg bent forwards dorsally. Hind tibia distinctly longer LAN Department of Entomology, Michigan State than hind femur. Hind basitarsus 0.4-0.5 times as University, East Lansing long as hind tibia. Longer hind tibial spur almost LAR Insect Museum, University of Wyoming, Laramie straight or slightly curved distally, about 0.3 times NHM Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London as long as the basitarsus. Tarsal claws hooked, each OTT Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agri- with one small subbasal tooth and with the apical culture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa tooth long, slender and almost straight (Figs 4, 13, TEX Department of Entomology, Texas A & M Uni- 25, 34, 46, 55). Intercubitus of front wing distinctly versity, College Station (Texas) basad of the 2nd recurrent vein (Figs 5, 14, 26, 35, WAH Coll. D. B. Wahl, Gainesville 47, 56). First brachial cell closed at its lower distal WAS Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smithsonian corner (but the postnervulus interrupted by a nar- Institution, Washington (D.C.) row bulla). Nervellus slightly reclivous. Basal area of propodeum not replaced by a keel. Petiole with distinct striae laterally. Glymma distinct, situated at the posterior edge of the petiole, connected with the ventrolateral furrow of the postpetiole (Figs 8,

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17, 29, 38, 50, 59). Postpetiole rounded dorsally, with 2. Frontal index 0.17-0.20 (Figs 19, 20)...... divergent lateral contours. In the female, thyridium ...... granulatus spec. nov. obliterated and thyridial depression as a narrow – Frontal index 0.24-0.27 (Figs 40, 41)...... transverse furrow (Figs 7, 16, 28, 37, 49, 58). In the ...... ?obscurus spec. nov. male, thyridial depression triangular, wider than long or about as long as wide (Figs 21, 42, 63). Allophroides flavilabris spec. nov. Key to females 1. Ovipositor sheath 1.2-1.6 times as long as the 1st Holotype (W): ”Saskatoon, Sask., 27-VIII-1948, J. R. gastral tergite...... 2. Vocke roth” (Saskatchewan, Canada) (OTT). – Ovipositor sheath 1.8-2.3 times as long as the 1st W: Body length 2.4 mm. Temples distinctly con- gastral tergite...... 3. stricted behind the eyes, 0.75 times as long as the width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples 2. Temple and mesopleurum distinctly granulate, intersect on the basal area of propodeum (Fig. 1). dull. Ovipositor rather stout, with a distinct and Face 1.05 times as wide as the frons. Frontal index deep dorsal emargination subapically and with 0.51. Ocellar index 2.3. Malar space index 0.65. an indistinct tooth in front of this emargination Mandibular teeth about equal. Clypeus 0.8 times as (Fig. 18)...... granulatus spec. nov. long as the face, 3.2 times as wide as long, slightly – Temple and mesopleurum finely granulate, rounded, finely granulate and with few punctures distinctly shining. Ovipositor slender, with a dorsally, with few punctures on a smooth back- shallow rounded dorsal emargination subapi- ground medially and subventrally. Face and frons cally (Fig. 30)...... laevipleuris spec. nov. granulate, dull, without punctation. Vertex finely 3. Temple finely granulate, shining. Clypeus yellow granulate. Temple finely granulate, shining, a very medially and ventrally. Flagellum yellowish fine punctation hardly discernible. Flagellum with st proximally, yellowish brown medially and dis- 13 segments, slightly clavate, 1 segment 2.2 times, nd tally. Legs yellowish, the mid and hind coxae 2 segment 2.0 times, median segment 1.6 times, brown...... flavilabris spec. nov. penultimate segment 1.3 times as long as wide, last segment not conspicuously enlarged (Fig. 2). – Temple distinctly granulate, dull. Clypeus dark Pronotum finely granulate dorsolaterally, a very brown or black. Flagellum and legs darker. .. 4. fine punctation hardly discernible, with few fine 4. Flagellum with 14-15 segments. Ovipositor striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum with rather stout, with a deep and rather narrow fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background dorsal emargination subapically (Fig. 39)...... dorsally-anteriorly and sublaterally, distinctly granu- ...... obscurus spec. nov. late and dull without punctures dorsally-posteriorly in front of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus as a – Flagellum with 11-13 segments. Ovipositor shallow groove, extending to 0.3 the length of the slender, abruptly narrowed subapically, its tip mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with distinct fine thin (Figs 51, 60)...... 5. striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the ante- 5. Temples almost not constricted behind the eyes rior 0.4, granulate. Mesopleurum finely granulate, (Fig. 43), Foveate groove as a distinct short fur- somewhat shining, speculum very finely granulate row (Fig. 45)...... salicicola spec. nov. and with fine dispersed punctures. Foveate groove – Temples distinctly constricted behind the eyes as a small wrinkled depressed area (Fig. 3). Mesos- (Fig. 52). Foveate groove obliterated, replaced ternum with fine dispersed punctures on a smooth by some very fine striae (Fig. 54)...... background. Metapleurum finely granulate, a very ...... tenuicauda spec. nov. fine punctation hardly discernible. Hind femur 3.2 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.0 times as long Provisional key to the males of three species as wide (Fig. 5). Metacarpus reaching 0.15 the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area 1. Frontal index 0.31-0.32 (Figs 61, 62). Postpetiole of propodeum about four times as long as wide, distinctly striate anteriorly and medially bordered by carinae laterally, 0.7 times as long as (Fig. 63)...... tenuicauda spec. nov. the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area smooth centrally, – Frontal index 0.17-0.27 (Figs 19, 20, 40, 41). Post- very finely granulate at the edges, with very fine petiole with fine striae or granulate-strigose dispersed punctures. Petiolar area about as long as anteriorly, very finely granulate or smooth me- wide, rounded anteriorly, flat, granulate and with dially (Figs 21, 42)...... 2. fine wrinkles (Fig. 6). Propodeal spiracle separated

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5 1 4

8 3

7 9 6 Figs 1-9. Allophroides flavilabris spec. nov. (W). 1. Head, top view. 2. Antenna. 3. Mesopleurum. 4. Hind tarsal claw. 5. Pterostigma and areolet. 6. Propodeum, top view. 7. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 8. 1st gastral segment, side view. 9. Ovipositor, side view. from the pleural carina by 1.5 times its diameter, Massachusets: Chelsia Beach (CAM); Michigan: the spiracular carina broad. Petiole distinctly stri- Midland Co. (AEI); North Carolina: Lake Maltamus- ate dorsally and laterally, with dorsolateral carinae. keet (AEI); Utah: Parowan Canyon, on Salix (WAS). Postpetiole almost completely striate, only the nar- Flight period: iv-v. row posterior edge smooth. 1st sternite reaching the W: Body length 3.0-3.5 mm. Temples distinctly spiracles (Figs 7, 8). Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovi- constricted behind the eyes, 0.65 times as long as the positor about 2.8 times, ovipositor sheath 1.8 times as width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor stout, slightly bent intersect on the postscutellum (Fig. 10). Face 1.1 times upwards proximally, somewhat more bent upwards as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.52. Ocellar index distally, with a shallow rounded dorsal emargination 1.75. Malar space index 0.9. Upper mandibular tooth subapically, without teeth ventrally (Fig. 9). slightly the longer. Clypeus 0.9 times as long as the Measurements of the holotype: Body 2.4 mm face, 3.4 times as wide as long, rounded, granulate long. Head 0.61 mm wide. Thorax 0.89 mm long, and with few punctures dorsally, with few punctures 0.47 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.2 mm on a smooth background medially and subventrally. long. 1st gastral tergite 0.44 mm long. Postpetiole Head (except clypeus) granulate, dull, without dis- 0.20 mm long, 2.2 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.25 mm long, cernible punctures. Flagellum with 13-14 segments, about 0.4 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 0.80 mm long. slightly clavate, 1st segment 2.3 times, 2nd segment Ovipositor about 1.22 mm long. 2.0 times, median segment 1,4 times, penultimate Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth light segment 1.2 times as long as wide, last segment not brown), clypeus medially and ventrally, scape, conspicuously enlarged (Fig. 11) (in small specimens pedicellus, three basal flagellar segments and tegula flagellum somewhat stouter). Pronotum granulate yellowish. Flagellum yellowish brown medially and dorsolaterally, with fine striae in the anterior groove. distally. Legs light yellowish red, mid and hind coxae Mesoscutum with fine dispersed punctures on a marked with dark brown basally and medially. finely granulate or smooth background dorsally- Pterostigma medium brown. Gaster behind the 1st anteriorly and sublaterally, distinctly granulate and tergite dark brown, the tergites tinged with yellow dull without punctures dorsally-posteriorly in front posteriorly. of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus as a shallow M: unknown. groove, extending to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with distinct fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3, Allophroides granulatus spec. nov. finely granulate and with fine dispersed punctures. Mesopleurum granulate and dull. Foveate groove Holotype (W): “Colo 1858”, “Foothills 6 mi. w. as a small shallow groove, with few short wrinkles Ft. Collins, Colo., iv-25-1896”, “Coll. CF Baker” (Fig. 12). Mesosternum with fine dispersed punctures (Colorado, USA) (WAS). – Paratypes (9 WW, 4 MM): on a smooth background. Metapleurum granulate. Canada: Alberta: Edmonton (AEI). USA: Colorado: Hind femur 3.9 times as long as high. Pterostigma Ft. Collins (HOR, WAS); Kansas: Riley Co. (AEI); 1.9 times as long as wide (Fig. 14). Metacarpus

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10 13

12 14

17 18

20 21 19 Figs 10-21. Allophroides granulatus spec. nov. 10-18. W. 10. Head, top view. 11. Antenna. 12. Mesopleurum. 13. Hind tarsal claw. 14. Pterostigma and areolet. 15. Propodeum, top view. 16. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 17. 1st gastral segment, side view. 18. Ovipositor, side view. 19-21. M. 19. Head, top view. 20. Head, front view. 21. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. reaching 0.2 the distance from radial cell to the bent upwards distally, with a distinct rather short tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum about five dorsal emargination subapically and an indistinct times as long as wide, bordered by carinae laterally tooth in front of that emargination, with two indis- (these sometimes indistinct), 0.6 times as long as tinct ventral teeth subapically (Fig. 18). the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area granulate and Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.5 mm dull, with longitudinal wrinkles posteriorly. Petiolar long. Head 0.86 mm wide. Thorax 1.44 mm long, area 0.9 times as long as wide, rounded anteriorly, 0.75 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 3.1 mm flat, granulate and with very fine wrinkles (Fig. 15). long. 1st gastral tergite 0.71 mm long. Postpetiole Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina 0.33 mm long, 0.47 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.38 mm by three times its diameter, the spiracular carina long, 0.71 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 0.86 mm narrow. Petiole flat or slightly depressed dorsally, long. Ovipositor 1.55 mm long. with fine wrinkles, with distinct dorsolateral carinae, Colour: Black. Palpi dark brown. Mandible dark distinctly striate laterally. Postpetiole finely striate or brown proximally, reddish brown distally. Clypeus granulate-strigose anteriorly and medially, smooth blackish, sometimes tinged with reddish brown posteriorly. 1st sternite not reaching the spiracles ventrally. Antenna black. Tegula yellowish brown. (Figs 16, 17). Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor Legs light reddish brown, coxae brown or dark 2.1-2.2 times, ovipositor sheath 1.2 times as long as brown (sometimes only the hind coxa brownish). the 1st tergite. Ovipositor rather stout, sightly bent Pterostigma light brown or medium brown, with upwards proximally and medially, somewhat more whitish corners basally and apically. Gaster behind

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22 26 29 25

27 28 30

Figs 22-30. Allophroides laevipleuris spec. nov. (W). 22. Head, top view. 23. Antenna. 24. Mesopleurum. 25. Hind tarsal claw. 26. Pterostigma and areolet. 27. Propodeum, top view. 28. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 29. 1st gastral segment, side view. 30. Ovipositor, side view. the 1st tergite blackish. Rarely antenna, thorax, 2.2. Malar space index 0.8. Upper mandibular tooth propodeum and gaster tinged with brown. slightly the longer. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as the face, 2.6 times as wide as long, distinctly rounded and M: Eyes large. Temples strongly constricted behind with a few punctures dorsally, almost flat, smooth the eyes, 0.35 times as long as the width of an eye, and with few fine punctures medially and subven- tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on the trally. Face finely granulate, the central swelling middle of the mesoscutum. Face 2.1 times as wide as very finely granulate, a very fine punctation hardly the frons. Frontal index 0.17-0.20 (Figs 19, 20). Ocel- visible. Frons and vertex granulate, dull. Temple lar index 0.2. Malar space index 0.7. Flagellum with finely granulate, shining, with very fine punctures. st 13 segments, slightly clavate, 1 segment 2.4 times, Flagellum with 14 segments, slightly clavate, 1st nd 2 segment 2.0 times, median segment 1.5 times, segment 1.9 times, 2nd segment 1.9 times, median st penultimate segment 1.4 times as long as wide. 1 segment 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.15 times as gastral tergite 3.5 times as long as wide. Postpetiole long as wide, last segment slightly enlarged (Fig. 23). with fine striae anteriorly, finely granulate medially, Pronotum finely granulate dorsolaterally, with fine nd smooth posteriorly. 2 tergite about as long as wide. striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum with Thyridial depression about as long as wide (Fig. 21) fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background (variable). Coxae, trochanters and trochantelli black- dorsally-anteriorly and sublaterally, finely granulate ish. Femora tinged with black basally. In other dorsally-posteriorly in front of the prescutellar fur- characters similar to the W. In two cases, WW and row. Notaulus as a very shallow groove, extending to MM were collected at the same localities (Ft. Collins, 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow Colorado; Riley Co., Kansas). with fine short striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae Remark: The holotype and three paratypes (2 WW, on the anterior 0.3, with fine punctures on a very 1 M) were swept from Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), finely sculptured background. Mesopleurum finly Ribes (in bloom) (Grossulariaceae) and Salix blooms granulate, shining, the central area almost smooth, (Salicaceae) (Baker’s notebook, WAS). with fine dispersed punctures. Foveate groove as a shallow furrow, with fine wrinkles (Fig. 24). Meso- sternum with very fine punctures on a smooth back- Allophroides laevipleuris spec. nov. ground. Metapleurum finely granulate. Hind femur 4.1 times as long as high. Pterostigma 1.9 times as Holotype (W): ”Indian Head, Sask., 21. IV. 1925, J. J. long as wide (Fig. 16). Metacarpus reaching 0.35 the deGryse” (Saskatchewan, Canada) (OTT). distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 1.7 times as long as wide, covered with W: Body length 2.8 mm. Temples moderately con- some longitudinal striae, 0.36 times as long as the stricted behind the eyes, 0.8 times as long as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area very finely granulate width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples and with longitudinal striae. Petiolar area about as intersect on the postpetiole (Fig. 22). Face 1.15 times long as wide, rounded anteriorly, flat, covered with as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.49. Ocellar index fine wrinkles, shining (Fig. 27). Propodeal spiracle

232 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de separated from the pleural carina by its diameter, background dorsally-anteriorly and sublaterally, the spiracular carina narrow. Petiole flat or slightly distinctly granulate and dull without punctures depressed dorsally, with fine wrinkles, with distinct dorsally-posteriorly in front of the prescutellar fur- dorsolateral carinae, distinctly striate laterally. Post- row. Notaulus as a shallow groove, extending to 0.2 petiole finely granulate-strigose anteriorly, the poste- the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow rior 0.4 smooth. 1st sternite not reaching the spiracles with fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae (Figs 28, 29). Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor on the anterior 0.7-0.8, granulate. Mesopleurum 2.5 times, ovipositor sheath 1.6 times as long as the 1st granulate, slightly shining. Foveate groove as a shal- tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards proximally low indistinct groove, coarsely granulate, without and medially, more strongly bent upwards distally, wrinkles or with some very fine wrinkles (Fig. 33). with a shallow rounded dorsal emargination subapi- Mesosternum finely granulate, shining. Metapleu- cally, without teeth ventrally (Fig. 30). rum granulate and with fine wrinkles. Hind femur Measurements of the holotype: Body 2.8 mm 4.1 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.0 times as long. Head 0.68 mm wide. Thorax 1.00 mm long, long as wide (Fig. 35). Metacarpus reaching 0.3 the 0.53 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.7 mm distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal long. 1st gastral tergite 0.50 mm long. Postpetiole area of propodeum 2-3 times as long as wide, bor- 0.24 mm long, 0.25 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.31 mm dered by carinae laterally, about half as long as the long, 0.30 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 0.79 mm petiolar area, covered with wrinkles. Dorsolateral long. Ovipositor 1.26 mm long. area granulate, with rather long wrinkles laterally Colour: Head dark brown, thorax, propodeum and posteriorly. Petiolar area about as long as wide, and gaster reddish brown. Palpi and mandible rounded anteriorly, almost flat, granulate and dull brownish. Clypeus black. Antenna blackish. Tegula (Fig. 36). Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleu- yellowish brown. Pterostigma light brown. Legs light ral carina by 2-3 times its diameter, the spiracular reddish brown. Posterior gastral tergites tinged with carina narrow. Petiole slightly depressed dorsally, black dorsally. finely granulate and with fine wrinkles, with strong dorsolateral carinae, with longitudinal striae and/ M: unknown. or irregular wrinkles laterally. Postpetiole with striae or granulate-strigose anteriorly, the posterior 0.2-0.3 smooth. 1st sternite not reaching the spira- Allophroides obscurus spec. nov. cles (Figs 37, 38). 2nd tergite very finely granulate anteriorly. Gaster slightly compressed posteriorly. Holotype (W): ”Robson, B. C., III.29.1939, H. R. Fox- Ovipositor 3.1-3.3 times, ovipositor sheath 2.0-2.2 lee” (British Columbia, Canada) (AEI). – Paratypes times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly (6 WW): Canada: Alberta: Glynde (AEI); British Colum- bia: Robson (AEI, HOR, OTT); Ontario: Marmora (OTT). bent upwards proximally and medially, somewhat USA: New York: Connecticut Hill, Tompkins Co. (AEI). more bent upwards distally, with a rather short and Flight period: iii-iv. deep dorsal emargination subapically, with two indistinct teeth ventrally (Fig. 39). W: Body length 3.5-4.0 mm. Temples almost not Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.8 mm constricted behind the eyes, 0.9 times as long as the long. Head 0.88 mm wide. Thorax 1.44 mm long, width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples 0.69 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 3.5 mm intersect behind the tip of the gaster (Fig. 31). Face 1.2 long. 1st gastral tergite 0.72 mm long. Postpetiole times as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.48. Ocellar 0.31 mm long, 0.38 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.38 mm index 1.9. Malar space index 1.0. Upper mandibular long, 0.49 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.44 mm tooth slightly the longer. Clypeus as long as the long. Ovipositor about 2.4 mm long. face, 3.1 times as wide as long, rounded dorsally, Colour: Black. Palpi brownish. Mandible black- finely granulate and with few punctures, almost flat ish proximally, reddish brown distally. Tegula dark medially and subventrally, with few punctures on a brown. Pterostigma medium brown, the basal and smooth background, rather sharp-edged ventrally. apical corners whitish. Distal parts of the femora red- Head (except clypeus) granulate and dull. Flagel- dish brown. Tibiae and tarsi dark yellowish red. lum with 14 segments, almost filiform, 1st segment 2.6 times, 2nd segment 2.1 times, median segment M [?correctly associated]: Eyes large. Temples strong- 1.5 times, penultimate segment 1.3 times as long as ly constricted behind the eyes, 0.44 times as long as wide, last segment not enlarged (Fig. 32). Pronotum the width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and granulate and dull dorsolaterally, with fine short temples intersect on the postscutellum. Face about striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum with fine 1.7 times as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.24- dispersed punctures on a finely granulate or smooth 0.27 (Figs 40, 41). Ocellar index 0.2-0.3. Malar space

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32 34

33 35

37 39 38

40 41 42 Figs 31-37. Allophroides obscurus spec. nov. (W). 31. Head, top view. 32. Antenna. 33. Mesopleurum. 34. Hind tarsal claw. 35. Pterostigma and areolet. 36. Propodeum, top view. 37. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 38. 1st gastral segment, side view. 39. Ovipositor, side view. Figs 40-42. Allophroides ?obscurus spec. nov. (M). 40. Head, top view. 41. Head, front view. 42. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. index 0.5. Flagellum with 14 segments, filiform, 1st W: Body length 3.1 mm. Temples moderately con- segment 2.1 times, 2nd segment 1.7 times, median stricted behind the eyes, 0.8 times as long as the segment 1.6 times, penultimate segment 1.3 times width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples as long as wide. 1st gastral tergite 3.1 times as long intersect on the postpetiole (Fig. 43). Face 1.15 times as wide. Postpetiole with fine striae or granulate- as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.52. Ocellar index strigose anteriorly, finely granulate medially, smooth 2.0. Malar space index 0.7. Mandibular teeth about posteriorly. 2nd tergite about 1.5 times as long as wide. equal. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as the face, 3.3 times Thyridial depression wider than long (Fig. 42). In as wide as long, rounded dorsally, finely granulate other characters similar to the W, but without clear and with few punctures, almost flat and smooth evidence that it belongs to the same species [3 MM medially and subventrally, with few punctures. Head Edmonton, Alberta (HOR, OTT, WAS); 4 MM Midland (except clypeus) granulate and dull. Flagellum with Co., Michigan (LAN)]. 13 segments, slightly clavate, 1st segment 2.0 times, 2nd segment 2.0 times, median segment 1.6 times, penultimate segment 0.95 times as long as wide, Allophroides salicicola spec. nov. last segment slightly enlarged (Fig. 44). Pronotum granulate dorsolaterally, with distinct striae in Holotype (W): “Matanuska Alask, May 7 1945, Exp. Sta- the anterior groove. Mesoscutum with fine rather tion, J. C. Chamberlin” (Alaska, USA), “willow catkin” dense punctures on a smooth background dorsally- (WAS). anteriorly and sublaterally, distinctly granulate and

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43 47

48 45 51 Figs 43-51. Allophroides salicicola spec. nov. (W). 43. Head, top view. 44. Antenna. 45. Mesopleurum. 46. Hind tarsal claw. 47. Pterostigma and areolet. 48. Propodeum, top view. 49. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 50. 1st gastral segment, side view. 51. Ovipositor, side view. dull without punctures dorsally-posteriorly in front long. Head 0.79 mm wide. Thorax 1.30 mm long, of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus as a shallow 0.71 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 3.1 mm indistinct groove, extending to 0.3 the length of the long. 1st gastral tergite 0.63 mm long. Postpetiole mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with fine short 0.27 mm long, 0.35 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.36 mm striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior long, about 0.7 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.22 mm 0.8, finely granulate and with very fine punctures. long. Ovipositor 1.88 mm long. Mesopleurum granulate, slightly shining. Fove- Colour: Black. Palpi brownish. Mandible black- ate groove as an indistinct furrow, with few fine ish, the teeth reddish brown. Tegula dark brown. wrinkles, about 0.3 times as long as the mesopleu- Pterostigma light brown, the basal and apical corners rum (Fig. 45). Mesosternum with fine rather dense whitish. Trochantelli and femora dark brown, the punctures on a smooth background. Metapleurum femora marked with reddish brown distally. Tibiae granulate-strigose. Hind femur 3.9 times as long as and tarsi dark yellowish red. high. Pterostigma 1.7 times as long as wide (Fig. 47). M: unknown. Metacarpus reaching 0.4 the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 2.5 Taxonomic remark: A. salicicola is similar to A. acu- times as long as wide, bordered by carinae laterally, tatus Khalaim from the eastern Palaearctic region. about half as long as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral The latter differs by: Mesoscutum granulate and area granulate and with longitudinal striae. Petiolar dull. Foveate groove obliterated. Ovipositor sheath area 0.9 times as long as wide, rounded anteriorly, 1.5 times as long as the 1st gastral tergite (according almost flat, granulate (Fig. 48). Propodeal spiracle to the description by Khalaim 2007: 569). separated from the pleural carina by 1.5 times its diameter, the spiracular carina rather wide. Petiole flat dorsally, with distinct striae dorsally and later- Allophroides tenuicauda spec. nov. ally, with dorsolateral carinae. Postpetiole almost completely striate, a small posterior area smooth. 1st Holotype (W): “North Fork Pass, Ogilvie Mts. Y. T., sternite not reaching the spiracles (Figs 49-50). Gaster 4100', 17.6.1962, R. E. Leech” (Yukon, Canada), “On Sa- lix” (OTT). – Paratypes (1 W, 2 MM) collected at the same clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor 3.0 times, ovipositor locality, 10.6. and 12.6.1962 (HOR, OTT). sheath 2.0 times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slender, slightly bent upwards proximally and medi- W: Body length 2.7-3.0 mm. Temples distinctly ally, somewhat more bent upwards distally, abruptly constricted behind the eyes, 0.8 times as long as the narrowed subapically, its tip thin (Fig. 51). width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.1 mm intersect on the postscutellum (Fig. 52). Face 1.1 times

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56 52 59

58 55 57

61 62 63 Figs 52-63. Allophroides tenuicauda spec. nov. 52-60. W. 52. Head, top view. 53. Antenna. 54. Mesopleurum. 55. Hind tarsal claw. 56. Pterostigma and areolet. 57. Propodeum, top view. 58. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 59. 1st gastral segment, side view. 60. Ovipositor, side view. 61-63. M. 61. Head, top view. 62. Head, front view. 63. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.48. Ocellar index long as high. Pterostigma 1.8 times as long as wide 1.8. Malar space index 0.75. Upper mandibular tooth (Fig. 56). Metacarpus reaching 0.35 the distance from slightly the longer. Clypeus about as long as the face, radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 3.0 times as wide as long, slightly rounded, finely twice as long as wide, bordered by carinae laterally, granulate and with few punctures dorsally, with a about half as long as the petiolar area, covered with few punctures on a smooth background, medially wrinkles. Dorsolateral area finely granulate, shining, and subventrally. Head (without clypeus) granulate with fine longitudinal striae. Petiolar area about as and dull, face slightly shining. Flagellum with 12 long as wide, more or less rounded anteriorly (the segments, slightly clavate, 1st segment 2.4 times, 2nd carina separating the petiolar area from the basal segment 1.9 times, median segment 1.4 times, penul- area indistinct in the holotype, distinct in the para- timate segment 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 53). type W) , flat, granulate (Fig. 57). Propodeal spiracle Pronotum granulate dorsolaterally, with fine long separated from the pleural carina by 3-4 times its striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum with fine diameter, the spiracular carina narrow. Petiole dispersed punctures on a finely granulate or smooth slightly depressed dorsally, covered with striae and background dorsally-anteriorly and sublaterally, wrinkles dorsally and laterally, with strong dorsola- distinctly granulate and dull without punctures teral carinae. Postpetiole almost completely covered dorsally-posteriorly in front of the prescutellar fur- with fine striae, a small area smooth posteriorly. 1st row. Notaulus as a shallow groove, extending to 0.25 sternite not reaching the spiracles (Figs 58-59). Gaster the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor 3.1 times, ovipositor with fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the sheath 2.1 times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor anterior 0.7, granulate. Mesopleurum finely granu- slender, almost straight proximally and medially, late, slightly shining, speculum strongly shining. slightly bent upwards distally, abruptly narrowed Foveate groove almost obliterated, replaced by a few subapically, its tip thin (Fig. 60). fine striae or wrinkles (Fig. 54). Mesosternum with Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.0 mm fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. long. Head 0.74 mm wide. Thorax 1.13 mm long, Metapleurum granulate. Hind femur 4.0 times as 0.60 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.8 mm

236 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de long. 1st gastral tergite 0.55 mm long. Postpetiole rather short and clavate too, but in which the eyes of 0.25 mm long, 0.30 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.35 mm the males are not enlarged (G. flavopictus, G. punctip- long, 0.39 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.13 mm leuris); (c) one species, in which the eyes of both sexes long. Ovipositor 1.70 mm long. are enlarged, but in which the antennae are rather Colour: Black. Palpi yellowish brown. Mandible long and filiform (G. punctulatus); (d) one species black proximally, reddish brown distally. Tegula quite different from the others, which is described dark brown. Pterostigma medium brown, the basal here because it is associated with unusual hosts and and apical corners whitish. Coxae, trochanters and therefore should receive a name (G. pleroneurae). trochantelli dark brown or blackish. Femora dark Several species treated here are associated with brown, marked with reddish brown distally (to a Pinaceae. Three species have been reared from Xyela variable extent), Tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. spp. on Pinus (G. brevicornis, G. flavopictus, G. punctipleuris), and one species was found ovipositing in M: Eyes large. Temples distinctly constricted behind larvae of Pleroneura spp. on Abies (G. pleroneurae). the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the width of an eye, One additional species has been collected on Pinus tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on the (G. intermedius), another on Pseudotsuga (G. striatus). scutellum. Face 1.4 times as wide as the frons. Frontal But no specimen of the rather common species index 0.31-0.32 (Figs 61, 62). Ocellar index 0.2. Malar G. clavicornis is labelled as having been collected on space index 0.5. Flagellum with 13 segments, short, any plant species; therefore the host range of this slightly attenuated, 1st segment 2.5 times, 2nd segment species might be different. Apparently all species 2.1 times, median segment 1.9 times, penultimate are univoltine, with a flight period in spring or early segment 1.2 times as long as wide. 1st gastral tergite summer. 3.2 times as long as wide. Postpetiole distinctly striate The following character states apply to all Gelanes anteriorly and medially, the posterior 0.2-0.4 smooth. species discussed here and are not repeated in the 2nd tergite about 1.7 times as long as wide. Thyridial descriptions: Head 1.2-1.3 times as wide as high. depression about as long as wide (Fig. 63). In other Apex of clypeus rounded, blunt, with a transverse characters similar to the W. row of bristles. Glossa 0.3-0.5 times as long as the Taxonomic remark: A. tenuicauda is similar to width of the clypeus. Genal carina low. Thorax A. acutatus Khalaim from the easter Palaearctic short, 1.8-2.1 times as long as the width of the region. The latter differs by: Mesoscutum granulate mesoscutum. Epomia obliterated. Prepectal carina and dull. Ovipositor sheath 1.5 times as long as the low, bent forwards dorsally. Hind tibia distinctly 1st gastral tergite (according to the description by longer than hind femur. Hind basitarsus 0.4-0.5 Khalaim 2007: 569). times as long as hind tibia. Longer hind tibial spur almost straight or slightly curved distally, about 0.3 times as long as the basitarsus. Tarsal claws evenly Gelanes Horstmann curved and evenly attenuated, without a subbasal tooth (Fig. 67). Intercubitus of front wing distinctly Gelanes Horstmann, 1981. Type species: Thersilochus basad of the 2nd recurrent vein. First brachial cell fusculus Holmgren, 1860. closed at its lower distal corner (but the postnervulus interrupted by a narrow bulla). Nervellus vertical or Gelanes is a Holarctic genus, which was described by slightly reclivous. Basal area of propodeum not re- Horstmann (1981: 10 f.) and re-described by Khalaim placed by a keel. Petiole with distinct striae laterally. & Blank (2011: 155 f.). In the Palaearctic region, a Glymma distinct, situated at the posterior edge of the moderate number of species occur, which were petiole, connected with the ventrolateral furrow of revised by Khalaim (2002) and Khalaim & Blank the postpetiole. Postpetiole rounded dorsally, with (2011). In the Nearctic region, Gelanes is species-rich, divergent lateral contours. In the female, thyridium with probably more than 40 species, all of them obliterated and thyridial depression as a narrow undescribed. In this paper, several species or spe- transverse furrow (exception: G. incisus). In the male, cies groups of Gelanes are treated: (a) nine species, thyridial depression triangular, wider than long or in which the eyes of the males are enlarged and the about as long as wide. Ovipositor usually with a frons is narrowed (a character state not known in shallow dorsal emargination subapically, with a Palaearctic species), and in which the antennae of narrow dorsal furrow in front of this emargination the females are short and clavate, with less than 17 and with a small tooth on either side of this furrow flagellar segments (these species being similar to (in lateral view, usually only one tooth being visible) Allophroides species in general appearence); (b) two (Fig. 72) (exceptions: G. incisus, G. punctipleuris). species, in which the antennae of the females are

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Key to the females treated in this paper angle of incidence of the light; a distinctive character)...... clavicornis spec. nov. (Provision is also made for females of species not – Clypeus completely reddish brown, or reddish included.) brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally, or black 1. Flagellum with 13-16 segments (rarely with 17 (in G. nigrinus). Mesopleurum often distinctly segments)...... 2. punctate on a finely granulate or smooth back- – Flagellum with at least 17 segments (specimens ground...... 7. with 17 flagellar segments should be tried in 7. Ovipositor sheath 3.6-4.9 times as long as the 1st both halves of the couplet)...... 3. gastral tergite. Flagellum with 15-16 segments...... 8. 2. Ovipositor with a narrow dorsal incision sub- st apically (Figs 113, 159)...... 3. – Ovipositor sheath 1.9-2.8 times as long as the 1 gastral tergite...... 10. – Ovipositor with a shallow rather broad dorsal emargination subapically, usually with a very 8. Head, thorax, propodeum and gaster black, small tooth in front of this emargination clypeus marked with brown ventrally or vent- (Fig. 72)...... 4. rolaterally, anterior gastral tergites tinged with dark brown. Ovipositor sheath 4.5-4.7 times as 3. Ocellar index 1.3 (Fig. 106). Petiole about 1.4 long as the 1st gastral tergite...... times as wide as high, slightly concave and al- ...... nigrinus spec. nov. most smooth dorsally, with few striae and some wrinkles laterally (Figs 111, 112)...... – Head, thorax, propodeum and gaster predomi- ...... incisus spec. nov. nantly reddish brown or brown. Clypeus reddish brown, sometimes yellowish ventrally (in G. mon- – Ocellar index 1.7-1.9 (Fig. 152). Petiole about 1.2 tanus)...... 9. times as wide as high, slightly convex and with fine striae dorsally, with distinct striae laterally 9. Frons granulate and dull laterally, finely granu- (Figs 157, 158)...... punctipleuris spec. nov. late and somewhat shining medially, a very fine punctation hardly discernible. Clypeus yellowish 4. Mesopleurum granulate, often with additional red or reddish brown, often marked with dark fine wrinkles, usually dull, rarely finely granulate brown centrally. Ovipositor sheath 4.2-4.9 times and somewhat shining, a punctation hardly or as long as the 1st gastral tergite...... not at all discernible...... 5...... frontalis spec. nov. – Mesopleurum with fine or distinct punctures on – Frons with distinct fine punctures, sometimes a finely granulate or smooth background, the with an additional fine granulation laterally. punctures always discernible, or mesopleurum Clypeus reddish brown dorsally (same colour smooth or almost smooth...... 6. as the face), yellowish ventrally. Ovipositor st 5. Flagellum with 13-15 segments. Mandible and sheath 3.6-3.8 times as long as the 1 gastral clypeus marked with reddish brown. Head and tergite...... montanus spec. nov. thorax reddish brown or dark brown. Coxae 10. Flagellum with 16-17 segments. Clypeus reddish reddish brown or brown...... brown dorsally, yellowish red medially and ...... brevicornis spec. nov. ventrally. Pronotum with a yellowish mark in – Flagellum with 15-17 segments. Mandible and the dorsal posterior corner. Mesopleurum finely clypeus marked with yellow. Lateral part of granulate and with distinct rather dense punc- pronotum yellowish red, often thorax and pro- tures, sometimes with additional fine wrinkles. podeum completely yellowish red. Fore and mid Ovipositor sheath 2.3-2.4 times as long as the 1st coxae yellow, hind coxa yellowish red...... gastral tergite...... intermedius spec. nov...... flavopictus spec. nov. – Flagellum with 14-15 segments. Pronotum reddish brown, not marked with yellowish in the 6. Clypeus marked with dark brown or black ven- dorsal posterior corner...... 11. trally, yellowish red or reddish brown dorsally (same colour as the face), rarely clypeus almost 11. Clypeus reddish brown dorsally (same colour completely black or almost completely reddish as the face), light yellow ventrally. Petiolar area brown (these specimens being difficult to distin- of propodeum with distinct transverse wrinkles guish). Mesopleurum finely granulate and with in the posterior half. Mesopleurum with distinct fine dispersed punctures (often appearing only rather dense punctation on a finely granulate or granulate or only punctate, depending on the wrinkled background. Foveate groove rather

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long, for the greater part covered with longitu- 3. Mesopleurum granulate and usually dull, rare- dinal striae (Fig. 185). Ovipositor sheath 2.8 times ly finely granulate and shining, a punctation as long as the 1st gastral tergite...... hardly or not at all discernible. Temple 0.3 times ...... striatus spec. nov. as long as the width of an eye. Frontal index – Clypeus reddish brown. Petiolar area of propo- 0.20-0.30 ...... brevicornis spec. nov. deum finely sculptured, with some fine irregular – Mesopleurum with a finely granulate or smooth wrinkles...... 12. background, shining, with fine dispersed punctures, or almost smooth, a punctation hardly 12. Mesopleurum with fine dispersed punctures on discernible...... 4. a very finely granulate background...... brevicornis spec. nov. Var. 4. Temples strongly constricted behind the eyes, – Mesopleurum with fine dispersed punctures on 0.3 times as long as the width of an eye (Figs 84, a smooth background. Ovipositor sheath 2.7-2.8 103)...... 5. times as long as the 1st gastral tergite...... – Temples less strongly constricted behind the ...... rarus spec. nov. eyes, 0.42-0.5 times as long as the width of an eye (Figs 141, 180)...... 6. 13. Face 1.3-1.4 times as wide as the frons (Fig. 161). Flagellum with 23 segments. Transverse carina 5. Frontal index 0.15-0.18 (Figs 84, 85)...... of propodeum replaced by several wrinkles ...... clavicornis spec nov. laterally (Fig. 165). Ovipositor sheath 5.7-5.8 – Frontal index 0.21 (Figs 103, 104)...... st times as long as the 1 gastral tergite...... ?frontalis spec. nov...... punctulatus spec. nov. 6. Mesoscutum finely granulate and finely punctate – Face at most 1.1 times as wide as the frons. .. 14. in front of the prescutellar furrow...... 14. Mesopleurum with fine or distinct dispersed ...... clavicornis spec. nov. Var. punctures on a smooth background. Foveate – Mesoscutum with fine dispersed punctures on groove very slightly depressed, usually small, a smooth background...... 7. covered with fine wrinkles and/or fine dorsoventral striae, sometimes almost obliterated 7. Foveate groove at least half as long as the meso- (Fig. 146). Ovipositor 2.5 times, ovipositor sheath pleurum, covered with fine striae (about as in 1.5 times as long as the 1st gastral tergite...... fig. 135)...... nigrinus spec. nov...... pleroneurae spec. nov. – Foveate groove as a short row of pits, about 0.3 – Mesopleurum granulate or punctate on a granu- times as long as the mesopleurum (about as in late background, and/or foveate groove as a fig. 174)...... ?rarus spec. nov. distinct transversely striate furrow or a row of pits, and/or ovipositor distinctly longer ...... other species not treated in this paper Gelanes brevicornis spec. nov.

Provisional key to the males Holotype (W): “Takoma Pk., Md., IV.25, 1943, H. & M. with enlarged eyes and a narrow frons Townes” (Maryland, USA) (AEI). – Paratypes (172 WW, 55 MM): Canada: Alberta: Elkwater Park (OTT); British (Males of the other species will be keyed out in Columbia: Atlin (HOR, OTT), Hixon (OTT); Ontario: another paper.) Conctance Bay (OTT), Limerick Forest, Spencerville (NHM, OTT); Quebec: Laniel (OTT), Kazabazua (OTT). 1. Flagellum with 21 segments. Frontal index 0.25 USA: Colorado: Niwot Ridge, Ward, 11.700' (OTT); (Figs 169, 170). Mesopleurum with fine dispersed District of Columbia: Anacostia (WAS), Washington punctures on a smooth or finely sculptured (WAS); Florida: Columbia Co. (WAS), Gainesville background...... punctulatus spec. nov. (AEI); Maryland: Bowie (AEI, OTT), Cabin John Bridge (WAS), Colesville (OTT), Hollywood, St. Mary’s Co. – Flagellum with 15-17 segments...... 2. (AEI), Hughesville (AEI, WAS), Meadowood, Colesville 2. Frontal index 0.37-0.39 (Figs 122, 123). Petiole (HOR, WAS), Takoma Park (AEI, HOR), Upper Marl- about 1.3 times as wide as high, almost flat boro (OTT); Michigan: Mackinac Co. (LAN), Roscom- dorsally, with distinct striae (Fig. 124)...... mon (AEI); Minnesota: Bena (OTT); New York: Ithaca (OTT); North Carolina: Raleigh (AEI); South Carolina: ...... intermedius spec. nov. Greenville (AEI); Texas: Big Creek Scenic Area, San – Frontal index 0.15-0.30. Petiole about 1.1 times Jacinto Co. (TEX); Virginia: Alexandria (WAS), Barcroft as wide as high, convex dorsally, at most with (WAS), Clifton (WAS), Falls Church (WAS), Meadows few fine striae...... 3. of Dan (AEI), Mountain Lake Biological Station (AEI),

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Rosslyn (WAS), Vienna (WAS); Wyoming: Dubois, Ovipositor slightly bent upwards proximally and Fremont Co. (TEX). Flight period: iii-vii, with a distinct medially, more strongly bent upwards distally, with peak in iv-v. a shallow rather broad dorsal emargination subapically, usually with a very small tooth in front of this W: Body length 2.5-3.0 mm. Temples distinctly emargination, without teeth ventrally (Fig. 72). constricted behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the Measurements of the holotype: Body 2.9 mm width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples long. Head 0.81mm wide. Thorax 1.13 mm long, intersect on the postscutellum (Fig. 64). Face 1.1 0.61 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.7 mm times as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.50. Ocel- long. 1st gastral tergite 0.60 mm long. Postpetiole lar index 1.6. Malar space index 1.05. Mandibular 0.31 mm long, 0.28 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.31 mm teeth about equal. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as the long, 0.30 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.41 mm face, 3.6 times as wide as long, convex and with fine long. Ovipositor 1.88 mm long. punctures on a smooth background dorsally, flat Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum reddish and smooth medially and subventrally. Face, frons brown or dark brown, head often tinged with black and vertex with very fine dispersed punctures on a dorsally. Palpi and mandible (teeth reddish brown) finely granulate background, vertex sometimes with yellowish red. Clypeus completely reddish brown, a smooth background. Temple with fine dispersed or reddish brown dorsally and dark brown ven- punctures on a smooth background. Flagellum with trally, rarely reddish brown dorsally and yellowish 13-14 segments (rarely 15 segments), clavate, 1st ventrally. Antenna reddish brown or dark brown, segment 2.8 times, 2nd segment 1.5 times, median darkened distally. Tegula yellowish red. Pterostigma segment 1.6 times, penultimate segment 1.0 times as light brown or medium brown. Legs yellowish red or long as wide, last segment enlarged (Fig. 65). Pro- reddish brown, mid coxa, hind coxa, hind trochanter, notum granulate dorsolaterally, with short striae in proximal parts of mid and hind femora often tinged the anterior groove. Mesoscutum with fine dispersed with brown. Gaster blackish, 1st segment and anterior punctures, for the greater part finely granulate (rarely part of 2nd tergite often tinged with brown. with a smooth background), distinctly granulate M: Eyes large. Temples strongly constricted behind in front of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus as a the eyes, 0.3 times as long as the width of an eye, shallow groove, extending to 0.3 the length of the tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with distinct striae. posterior half of the mesoscutum or the scutellum. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.4, Face about 1.8 times as wide as the frons. Frontal finely punctate on a finely sculptured background. index 0.20-0.30 (Figs 73, 74). Ocellar index 0.2 (ocel- Mesopleurum distinctly granulate, dull, often with lus almost touching the eye). Malar space index 0.2. additional fine wrinkles. Foveate groove as an indis- Flagellum with 15-16 segments, filiform, 1st segment tinct short groove, covered with wrinkles, sometimes 2.5 times, 2nd segment 1.7 times, median segment 1.6 with additional fine striae (Fig. 66), sometimes longer times, penultimate segment 1.5 times as long as wide, or almost obliterated. Mesosternum with very fine last segment not enlarged. 1st gastral tergite 4.4 times dispersed punctures on a finely granulate or smooth as long as wide. Postpetiole smooth. 2nd tergite about background. Metapleurum granulate and dull. Hind three times as long as wide. Thyridial depression femur 3.4 times as long as high. Pterostigma 1.9 triangular, as long as wide or slightly longer than times as long as wide (Fig. 68). Metacarpus reaching wide (Fig. 75). Gaster compressed posteriorly. Head 0.3 the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. (antenna included), thorax, propodeum and gaster Basal area of propodeum small, slightly longer than blackish, the anterior or median gastral tergites often wide, with distinct lateral carinae, about 0.2 times as tinged with brown (to a variable extent). Clypeus long as the petiolar area (variable). Dorsolateral area blackish, or blackish dorsally and brown ventrally, with fine dispersed punctures on a finely granulate or rarely blackish dorsally and yellowish brown background, slightly shining. Petiolar area 1.4 times ventrally. Tegula brownish or blackish. In other as long as wide, narrowly rounded anteriorly, flat, characters similar to the W. WW and MM were often granulate (Fig. 69). Propodeal spiracle separated collected at the same localities from the pleural carina by 1.5-2.0 times its diameter, the spiracular carina narrow. Petiole convex or flat Variation: In a few WW and MM, the mesopleurum is dorsally, smooth or with few fine striae, with fine finely granulate and shining. The differentiation of dorsolateral carinae, with distinct striae laterally. these specimens from other species is uncertain. In Postpetiole smooth or with very fine sculpture. 1st 92 WW, the ovipositor sheath is 3.2-3.8 times as long sternite reaching the spiracles (Figs 70, 71)). Gaster as the 1st gastral tergite (in contrast to 2.1-2.7 times in clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor 3.0-3.5 times, ovi- the nominate morph). Many of these were collected positor sheath 2.1-2.7 times as long as the 1st tergite. at the same localities as WW with a shorter ovipositor,

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68 64

67 66

72 69 70

73 74 75 Figs 64-75. Gelanes brevicauda spec. nov. 64-72. W. 64. Head, top view. 65. Antenna. 66. Mesopleurum. 67. Hind tarsal claw. 68. Pterostigma and areolet. 69. Propodeum, top view. 70. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 71. 1st gastral segment, side view. 72. Ovipositor, side view. 73-75. M. 73. Head, top view. 74. Head, front view. 75. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. but a series of 11 WW collected while ovipositing in develop and emerge one year later (Ebel 1966). In staminate buds of Pinus virginiana all belong to the one experiment, Ebel collected strobili from Pinus morph with a longer ovipositor. In addition, the elliottii Engelm., and kept the Xyela larvae under distribution of this morph apparently is restricted natural conditions. 80 sawflies emerged, about half to the eastern provinces and states [Canada: Quebec: of which were determined at a species level: about Kazabazua (OTT). USA: Alabama: Killen (WAS); 40 specimens of Xyela pini Rohwer and one specimen Maryland: Bowie (OTT, WAS), Colesville (OTT), of X. bakeri Konow. In the same experiment, 64 para- Hughesville (AEI, WAS), Millington (OTT), Takoma sitoids emerged and were sent to the Washington Park (AEI, HOR), Upper Marlboro (OTT); Pennsyl- museum, where 61 specimens belonging to Gelanes vania: Manchester (OTT); South Carolina: Greenville are preserved: G. brevicornis (3 WW, 2 MM), G. flavopic- (AEI); Virginia: Alexandria (WAS), Barcroft (WAS), tus (25 WW), G. ?flavopictus (3 MM), G. punctipleuris Clifton (WAS), Falls Church (WAS), Rosslyn (WAS), (14 WW, 11 MM) and G. spec. nov. (to be described in Vienna (WAS)]. Therefore, the status of this morph another paper) (3 WW). In two other experiments, Ebel is unknown and the specimens are not included in collected strobili from Pinus palustris Mill., reared the type series. few specimens of Xyela bakeri Konow and X. minor Norton (in about equal numbers, exact numbers Hosts: Xyela spp. (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) on Pi- not given) and eight parasitoids, six of which were nus. The hosts are univoltine. The host larvae feed found in the Washington museum: Gelanes brevicornis in spring in male strobili of Pinus spp., drop to the (2 MM), G. punctipleuris (2 WW, 1 M) and G. spec. nov. ground, build earthen cells in the soil, in which they (1 W) (data compiled from Ebel 1966, labels of the hibernate, pupate in late winter, and the new adults parasitoid specimens, and notes in Hopkins’ card file, emerge in early spring (Burdick 1961). The parasi- WAS). WW of G. brevicornis were frequently collected toids oviposit in the host larvae in the staminate on Pinus banksiana Lamb., P. virginiana Mill. and un- buds, probably kill their hosts in winter, pupate, and determined Pinus species, some of these caught on the new adults emerge about at the same time as the staminate buds while searching for hosts or inserting hosts (in Florida i-ii). A few hosts and parasitoids their ovipositors into the buds (NHM, OTT, WAS).

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Gelanes clavicornis spec. nov. (Fig. 79). Metacarpus reaching 0.3 the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum Holotype (W): “Smoky Jack Camp, Josemite Pk, Cal., rectangular or trapezoid, as long as wide or wider July 23 ’48, HM&G Townes” (California, USA) (AEI). than long, with lateral carinae, 0.3 times as long as the – Paratypes (67 WW, 7 MM): Canada: Alberta: Elkwa- petiolar area. Dorsolateral area with fine dispersed ter (OTT), Island Lake, Coleman (OTT), Waterton punctures on a very finely granulate background. (OTT), Whitehorn Lift, Lake Louise, 6800' (OTT); Brit- Petiolar area 1.4 times as long as wide, rounded ish Columbia: Anarchist Mountain, Osoyoos (OTT), anteriorly, slightly convex, finely granulate and with Crownsnest (HOR, OTT), Sawmill Lake, Oliver (OTT); fine wrinkles (Fig. 80). Propodeal spiracle separated Yukon: Whitehorse (OTT). USA: Alaska: White Pass Trail, Skagway (FRA); California: Julian (AEI, HOR), from the pleural carina by 1.0-1.5 times its diameter, Knox Mountain, Modoc Co. (WAS), Leewining (AEI), the spiracular carina narrow. Petiole almost flat or Sagehen Creek, Nevada Co. (WAH), Smoky Jack Camp, slightly concave dorsally, almost smooth or with fine Yosemite Park (AEI), Sonora Pass, 8000' (AEI), West- striae, with distinct dorsolateral carinae, with striae wood (OTT); Colorado: Estes Park (AEI); Oregon: Lake- laterally, sometimes partly with irregular wrinkles. of-the-Woods (AEI), Ochoco Creek (AEI), Pinehurst Postpetiole for the greater part smooth, sometimes (AEI), Selma (AEI); Utah: Strawberry Daniel’s Pass slightly sculptured anteriorly. 1st sternite not reaching (AEI). Flight period: v-vii. the spiracles (Figs 81, 82). Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor 2.8-4.6 times, ovipositor sheath 1.8-3.6 W: Body length 2.5-3.5 mm. Temples moderately times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent constricted behind the eyes, 0.5 times as long as the upwards proximally and medially, more strongly width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples bent upwards distally, with a shallow rather broad intersect on the postpetiole (Fig. 76). Face 1.15 times dorsal emargination subapically, with a very small as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.48. Ocellar index tooth in front of this emargination, without teeth 1.6. Malar space index 0.9. Upper mandibular tooth ventrally (Fig. 83). slightly the longer. Clypeus 0.9 times as long as the Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.5 mm face, 3.7 times as wide as long, convex dorsally, long. Head 0.96 mm wide. Thorax 1.37 mm long, with few punctures on a smooth background, flat 0.72 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 3.4 mm and smooth medially and subventrally. Face, frons long. 1st gastral tergite 0.71 mm long. Postpetiole and vertex with fine dispersed punctures on a finely 0.36 mm long, 0.33 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.38 mm granulate background, vertex partly with a smooth long, 0.71 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 2.12 mm background. Temple with fine dispersed punctures long. Ovipositor 2.75 mm long. on a smooth background, outer orbits not punctate. Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum dark Flagellum with 14-15 segments (rarely with 16 or 17 reddish brown or dark brown (rarely light red- segments), clavate, 1st segment 2.2 times, 2nd segment dish brown). Palpi brownish. Mandible (teeth dark 1.8 times, median segment 1.6 times, penultimate seg- brown) yellowish red. Scape often tinged with brown ment 1.2 times as long as wide, last segment enlarged ventrally. Clypeus marked with brown or black (Fig. 77). Pronotum with fine rather dense punctures ventrally, yellowish red or reddish brown dorsally on a finely granulate or smooth background dorso- and/or laterally, rarely the dark ventral mark small laterally, with fine long striae in the anterior groove. or almost lacking, rarely the clypeus completely Mesoscutum for the greater part with fine dispersed black. Tegula and legs yellowish red, mid and hind punctures on a smooth background, the background coxa and hind trochanter (rarely also the proximal finely granulate in front of the prescutellar furrow. parts of the femora) tinged with brown. Pterostigma Notaulus as a shallow groove, extending to 0.25 the light brown. Gaster dark brown or blackish, the 1st length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with segment (rarely also the 2nd tergite) tinged with fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the brown. anterior 0.3, with fine punctures on a smooth background. Mesopleurum finely granulate and with fine M: Eyes large. Temples strongly constricted behind dispersed punctures (often appearing only granulate the eyes, 0.30 times as long as the width of an eye, or only punctate, depending on the angle of incidence tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on the of the light). Foveate groove as a wrinkled furrow, prescutellar furrow. Face about 2.8 times as wide extending over 0.3-0.7 of the length of the meso- as the frons. Frontal index 0.14-0.18 (Figs 84, 85). pleurum (Fig. 78). Mesosternum with fine dispersed Lateral ocellus touching the eye. Malar space index punctures on a smooth background. Metapleurum 0.15. Flagellum with 16-17 segments, filiform, 1st with fine dispersed punctures on a finely granulate segment 2.4 times, 2nd segment 1.8 times, median or smooth background. Hind femur 3.2 times as segment 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.6 times as long as high. Pterostigma 1.9 times as long as wide long as wide, last segment not enlarged. Sometimes

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80 81

84 86 Figs 76-86. Gelanes clavicornis spec. nov. 76-83. W. 76. Head, top view. 77. Antenna. 78. Mesopleurum. 79. Ptero- stigma and areolet. 80. Propodeum, top view. 81. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 82. 1st gastral segment, side view. 83. Ovipositor, side view. 84-86. M. 84. Head, top view. 85. Head, front view. 86. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. mesopleurum with very fine dispersed punctures on Variation: The length of the ovipositor varies rather a smooth background. In small specimens foveate evenly over a large range (see above). In 5 WW the groove almost obliterated. Basal area of propodeum ovipositor is even longer, the ovipositor sheath 1.0-1.5 times as long as wide, often covered with lon- being 4.1-4.8 times as long as the 1st gastral tergite gitudinal wrinkles. 1st gastral tergite 4.1 times as long [localities: Alberta: Elkwater Park (HOR, OTT), Wa- as wide. Postpetiole smooth, sometimes with a small terton (OTT); British Columbia: Crownsnest (OTT), median longitudinal furrow. 2nd tergite about twice Saskatchewan: Cypress Hills (OTT)]. In 2 MM the as long as wide. Thyridial depression triangular, as eyes are less strongly enlarged, the temple is 0.42- long as wide or longer than wide (Fig. 86). Gaster 0.46 times as long as an eye and the frontal index compressed posteriorly. Head (clypeus included), amounts to 0.21-0.25 [localities: Alberta: Waterton thorax and propodeum black. Tegula brown or (OTT); California: Sonora Pass, 8000' (AEI)]. Most marked with brown. Coxae and trochanters blackish. of these specimens were collected at the same sites Sometimes trochantelli and base of femora tinged as specimens of the nominate morph. They are not with black. Gaster blackish or tinged with brown, included in the type series. often the 1st segment blackish and the 2nd tergite tinged with brown. In other characters similar to the W. In several cases, WW and MM were collected at the same locality.

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Gelanes flavopictus spec. nov. long as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area granulate, slightly shining, with longitudinal wrinkles. Petiolar Holotype (W): “Fla. Columbia Co., II-10-60, B. H. Ebel, area 1.3 times as long as wide, flat, granulate, with- Coll.” (Florida, USA), “ex larvae Xyela spp. mainly out transverse wrinkles (Fig. 91). Propodeal spiracle X. pini Roh. from M strobili Pinus elliottii”, “Hopkins separated from the pleural carina by its diameter, US. 45714 (b), 62.5808" (WAS). – Paratypes (85 WW): the spiracular carina narrow. Petiole almost flat and Canada: Ontario: Limerick Forest, Spencerville (OTT), very finely granulate dorsally, with fine dorsola- Simcoe (OTT); Quebec: Kazabazua (NHM, OTT). USA: teral carinae, with fine striae laterally. Postpetiole Florida: Columbia Co. (HOR, WAS); Maryland: Bowie st (OTT, WAS), Cabin John (WAS), Colesville (HOR, finely granulate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. 1 OTT), Hughesville (WAS), Meadowood, Colesville sternite almost reaching the spiracles (Figs 92, 93). (HOR, WAS), Millington (OTT), Upper Marlboro (OTT), Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor 2.7-3.7 times, Takoma Park (AEI); Michigan: Roscommon (AEI); Mis- ovipositor sheath 1.9-2.9 times (rarely 3.3 times) sissippi: Agricultural Experimental Station, State Col- as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent lege (WAS); Pennsylvania: Manchester (OTT); Texas: upwards proximally and medially, more strongly Bastrop State Park (TEX); Virginia: Alexandria (WAS), bent upwards distally, with a shallow rather broad Barcroft (WAS), Clifton (WAS), Falls Church (WAS). dorsal emargination subapically, with a very small Flight period: ii-vi, with a peak in iv. tooth in front of this emargination, with few very fine teeth ventrally (Fig. 94). W: Body length 3.0-3.5 mm. Temples strongly con- Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.3 mm stricted behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the long. Head 0.82 mm wide. Thorax 1.22 mm long, width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples 0.66 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.8 mm intersect on the scutellum (Fig. 87). Face as wide as long. 1st gastral tergite 0.64 mm long. Postpetiole the frons. Frontal index 0.55. Ocellar index 1.6-1.8. 0.31 mm long, 0.30 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.33 mm Malar space index 1.05. Mandibular teeth about long, about 0.6 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.5 mm equal. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as the face, 3.6 long. Ovipositor 2.0 mm long. times as wide as long, rather flat, with fine punctures Colour: Head (ocellar triangle darkened), tho- on a finely granulate or smooth background dor- rax, propodeum and gaster yellowish red or light sally, smooth subventrally. Face and frons distinctly reddish brown, sometimes head tinged with dark granulate and with very fine punctures. Vertex and brown dorsally, sometimes mesoscutum, mesopleu- temple with fine dispersed punctures on a finely rum, mesosternum, metapleurum and propodeum granulate background, slightly shining. Flagellum marked with dark brown. Palpi, mandible (teeth with 16 segments (rarely with 15 or 17 segments), dark brown), clypeus, scape, pedicellus, tegula and slightly clavate, 1st segment 2.4 times, 2nd segment legs yellowish, hind coxa yellowish red. Flagellum 1.3 times, median segment 1.4 times, penultimate yellowish proximally, brownish distally. Pterostigma segment 1.3 times as long as wide, last segment not light brown or medium brown. Sometimes the pos- much enlarged (Fig. 88). Pronotum granulate and terior gastral tergites marked with dark brown. dull dorsolaterally, with fine striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum granulate and dull, with fine M [?correctly associated]: Eyes almost not enlarged. dispersed punctures (sometimes punctures hardly Temples strongly constricted behind the eyes, 0.75 discernible). Notaulus as a shallow groove, extend- times as long as the width of an eye, tangential lines ing to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutel- on eyes and temples intersect on the scutellum. lar furrow with fine striae. Scutellum bordered by Face about as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.52. carinae on the anterior 0.2, finely granulate and with Ocellar index 1.3. Malar space index 0.5. Flagellum fine punctures. Mesopleurum granulate and dull, with 18-19 segments, filiform, 1st segment 1.8 times, with additional very fine wrinkles, a punctation 2nd segment 1.3 times, median segment 1.6 times, not discernible. Foveate groove as a rather indis- penultimate segment 1.3 times as long as wide, last tinct wrinkled furrow, about 0.25 times as long as segment small. Mesoscutum for the greater part with the mesopleurum (sometimes almost obliterated) fine dispersed punctures on a finely granulate and (Fig. 89). Mesosternum with fine punctures on an shining background, distinctly granulate and dull almost smooth background, shining. Metapleurum in front of the prescutellar furrow. Mesopleurum granulate and with fine wrinkles, dull. Hind femur finely granulate amd with fine punctures dorsally, 3.6 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.0 times as distinctly granulate and with fine wrinkles ventrally. long as wide (Fig. 90). Metacarpus reaching 0.5 the Basal area of propodeum half as long as petiolar distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area area. 1st gastral tergite 3.0 times as long as wide. of propodeum 1.5-2.0 times as long as wide, with Postpetiole with very fine sculpture, with slightly distinct or indistinct lateral carinae, 0.35 times as divergent lateral contours. 2nd tergite about as long

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90 87

91 89 94 Figs 87-94. Gelanes flavopictus spec. nov. (W). 87. Head, top view. 88. Antenna. 89. Mesopleurum. 90. Pterostigma and areolet. 91. Propodeum, top view. 92. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 93. 1st gastral segment, side view. 94. Ovipositor, side view. as wide. Thyridial depression triangular, about as eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on long as wide. Gaster compressed posteriorly. Colour the postscutellum (Fig. 95). Face 1.1 times as wide as almost as in the W, but frons and vertex dark brown, the frons. Frontal index 0.50. Ocellar index 1.8. Malar mesoscutum und propodeum marked with dark space index 0.9. Lower mandibular tooth slightly brown, petiole tinged with brown. In other charac- the longer. Clypeus as long as the face, 2.9 times as ters similar to the W. These MM were collected at the wide as long, slightly convex and with fine punctures same localities as WW cited above as paratypes [4 MM: on a smooth background dorsally, flat and smooth Florida: Columbia Co. (see labels of holotype) (HOR, medially and subventrally. Face for the greater part WAS); Maryland: Bowie (OTT)]. granulate, finely granulate and somewhat shining on the central swelling, a very fine punctation Taxonomic remark: G. flavopictus is similar to a still hardly visible. Frons distinctly granulate laterally, undescribed species. The latter differs by: Flagel- finely granulate and somewhat shining medially, a lum with 17-19 segments. Ovipositor with a rather fine punctation hardly visible. Vertex and temple narrow dorsal notch subapically. Both species were with very fine punctures on a smooth background. collected on Pinus and reared from Xyela species at Flagellum with 15-16 segments, clavate, 1st segment the same localities. The MM described above might 2.3 times, 2nd segment 1.7 times, median segment just as well belong to the undescribed species. 1.7 times, penultimate segment as long as wide, last Hosts: Xyela spp. on Pinus (see note under G. brevi- segment enlarged (Fig. 96). Pronotum with fine striae cornis). WW of G. flavopictus were frequently collected dorsolaterally, finely granulate in the dorsal posterior on Pinus virginiana Mill. and undetermined Pinus corner. Mesoscutum for the greater part with fine species (HOR, OTT, WAS). dispersed punctures on a smooth background, finely punctate on a granulate background in front of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus as a slightly depressed Gelanes frontalis spec. nov. wrinkled groove, extending to 0.3 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with striae. Scutel- Holotype (W): “Spring Br., Pa., IV.30 –1945, H. K. lum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.25, with Townes” (Pennsylvania, USA) (AEI). – Paratypes (8 WW): fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. Canada: Ontario: Ottawa (NHM); Quebec: Avers Cliff, Mesopleurum with very fine dispersed punctureson Magog (OTT). USA: Maine: Presque Isle (WAS); New a very finely granulate or smooth background, dis- York: Ithaca (WAS); Pennsylvania: Spring Bridge (AEI). tinctly granulate below the foveate groove. Foveate Flight period: iv vi. - groove as a narrow wrinkled furrow, 0.3-0.5 times W: Body length 3 mm. Temples distinctly constricted as long as the mesopleurum (Fig. 97). Mesosternum behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the width of an with fine dispersed punctures on a smooth back-

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98 95 101

100 97

102

105103 104 Figs 95-102. Gelanes frontalis spec. nov. (W). 95. Head, top view. 96. Antenna. 97. Mesopleurum. 98. Pterostigma and areolet. 99. Propodeum, top view. 100. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 101. 1st gastral segment, side view. 102. Ovipositor, side view. Figs 103-105. Gelanes ?frontalis spec. nov. (M). 103. Head, top view. 104. Head, front view. 105. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. ground. Metapleurum with fine dispersed punctures Measurements of the holotype: Body 2.9 mm on an almost smooth or smooth background. Hind long. Head 0.76 mm wide. Thorax 1.05 mm long, femur 3.8 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.1 0.57 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.6 mm times as long as wide (Fig. 98). Metacarpus reaching long. 1st gastral tergite 0.57 mm long. Postpetiole 0.4 the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. 0.29 mm long, 0.27 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.35 mm Basal area of propodeum about as long as wide or long, about 0.4 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 2.5 mm longer than wide, 0.25 times as long as the petiolar long. Ovipositor 3.2 mm long. area, with lateral carinae. Dorsolateral area with very Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum reddish fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background, brown or dark brown, head tinged with black dor- partly without punctures. Petiolar area 1.3 times as sally. Sometimes head completely blackish. Palpi, long as wide, flat, very finely granulate and with Mandible (teeth reddish brown), clypeus, tegula fine wrinkles (Fig. 99). Propodeal spiracle separated and legs yellowish or yellowish red. Clypeus often from the pleural carina by twice its diameter, the with a dark mark centrally, rarely clypeus almost spiracular carina narrow. Petiole flat or slightly completely blackish. Scape and pedicellus marked concave and smooth dorsally, with distinct dorso- with yellowish red ventrally or completely yellowish. lateral carinae, with fine striae laterally. Postpetiole Flagellum dark brown. Pterostigma light brown. 1st smooth. 1st sternite reaching the spiracles (Figs 100, and 2nd gastral segments reddish brown, posterior 101). Gaster clavate-compressed posteriorly. Ovi- tergites dark brown or blackish. positor 5.5-6.2 times, ovipositor sheath 4.2-4.9 M [?correctly associated]: Eyes large. Temples strong- times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly ly constricted behind the eyes, 0.25 times as long as bent upwards proximally and medially, distinctly the width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and bent upwards distally, with a shallow rather broad temples intersect on the centre of the mesoscutum. dorsal emargination subapically, with a very small Face 1.7 times as wide as the frons. Frontal index tooth in front of this emargination, with very fine 0.22. Lateral ocellus touching the eye (Figs 103, teeth ventrally (Fig. 102). 104). Frons distinctly granulate and dull laterally,

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107

106

112 109 108

111 110 113 Figs 106-113. Gelanes incisus spec. nov. (W). 106. Head, top view. 107. Antenna. 108. Mesopleurum. 109. Pterostig- ma and areolet. 110. Propodeum, top view. 111. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 112. 1st gastral segment, side view. 113. Ovipositor, side view. finely granulate and shining medially. Malar space smooth subventrally. Head punctate on a smooth index 0.14. Flagellum with 16 segments, filiform, 1st background. Face with fine rather dense punctures. segment 2.6 times, 2nd segment 1.7 times, median Frons, vertex and temple with very fine dispersed segment 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.3 times as punctures, outer orbit without punctures. Flagellum long as wide, last segment small. 1st gastral tergite 3.9 with 16 segments, clavate, 1st segment 2.6 times, times as long as wide. Postpetiole smooth. 2nd tergite 2nd segment 1.9 times, median segment 1.3 times, strongly compressed, about twice as long as wide. penultimate segment 1.1 times as long as wide, last Thyridial depression triangular, about as long as segment enlarged (Fig. 107). Thorax punctate on a wide (Fig. 105). Gaster compressed posteriorly. Head smooth background. Pronotum with fine dispersed (clypeus included), antenna, thorax and propodeum punctures dorsolaterally, with fine striae in the black. Palpi dark brown. Mandible reddish brown anterior groove. Mesoscutum with fine dispersed apically. Scape and pedicellus tinged with reddish punctures. Notaulus as a depressed wrinkled groove, brown ventrally. Tegula brown. Legs yellowish red, extending to 0.25 the length of the mesoscutum. coxae and trochanters tinged with dark brown. Bases Prescutellar furrow with distinct striae. Scutellum of femora tinged with brown. Gaster blackish, 2nd bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3, with fine and 3rd tergites yellowish red, genital clasper yellow- punctures. Mesopleurum with fine dispersed punc- ish brown. In other characters similar to the W, but tures. Foveate groove as a wrinkled furrow, about without clear evidence that it belongs to the same 0.4 times as long as the mesopleurum (Fig. 108). species [1 M: Kinburn, Ontario (NHM)]. Mesosternum with very fine dispersed punctures. Metapleurum with fine dispersed punctures centrally, with wrinkles anteriorly and ventrally. Hind Gelanes incisus spec. nov. femur 3.1 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 109). Metacarpus reaching 0.6 “ Holotype (W): Wyoming: Fremont Co., 25 mi NW the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal Dubois, VI-22-1988, R. Wharton” (TEX). – Paratypes: area of propodeum 1.5-2.0 times as long as wide, 2 WW with the same data (HOR, TEX). either with distinct lateral carinae or replaced by W: Body length 2.8-3.0 mm. Temples distinctly an area of several longitudinal wrinkles, about half constricted behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the as long as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area with width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background intersect on the propodeum (Fig. 106). Face 1.1 times dorsally, with longitudinal wrinkles laterally and as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.52. Ocellar index posteriorly. Petiolar area 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.3. Malar space index 1.0. Lower mandibular tooth rounded anteriorly, flat, covered with fine irregular slightly the longer. Clypeus 0.9 times as long as wrinkles (Fig. 110). Propodeal spiracle separated the face, 3.4 times as wide as long, slightly convex from the pleural carina by 1.0 times its diameter, the and with few punctures dorsally, almost flat and spiracular carina narrow. Petiole about 1.4 times as

247 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de wide as high, slightly depressed and almost smooth punctate dorsolaterally, with short and fine striae in dorsally, with distinct dorsolateral carinae, with few the anterior groove. Mesoscutum for the greater part striae and fine irregular wrinkles laterally. Postpeti- with dispersed or rather dense punctures on a very ole with fine sculpture anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. finely granulate background, distinctly granulate 1st sternite almost reaching the spiracles (Figs 111, in front of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus as a 112). Thyridial depression triangular, slightly wider narrow wrinkled furrow, extending to 0.2 the length than long (somewhat variable), thyridium sometimes of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with fine indicated. Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 3.3-3.7 times, ovipositor sheath 2.2-2.6 times as long 0.2, with fine punctures on a smooth background. as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards Mesopleurum with fine rather dense punctures on proximally and medially, distinctly bent upwards a finely granulate and finely wrinkled background. distally, with a very small dorsal incision subapically, Foveate groove as a wrinkled furrow, about 0.3 times with very fine teeth ventrally (Fig. 113). as long as the mesopleurum (Fig. 116). Mesoster- Measurements of the holotype: Body 2.8 mm num with fine punctures on a smooth background. long. Head 0.75 mm wide. Thorax 1.07 mm long, Metapleurum with fine punctures and fine wrinkles. 0.60 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.4 mm Hind femur 3.6 times as long as high. Pterostigma long. 1st gastral tergite 0.57 mm long. Postpetiole 2.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 117). Metacarpus 0.27 mm long, 0.25 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.35 mm reaching 0.6 the distance from radial cell to the tip long, about 0.4 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.26 mm of wing. Basal area of propodeum about as long long. Ovipositor 1.9 mm long. as wide, without distinct lateral carinae, replaced Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum dark by an area with longitudinal wrinkles, 0.4 times brown or black. Palpi, mandible (teeth reddish as long as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area with brown), median and ventral parts of clypeus and fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. tegula yellow. Scape, pedicellus and legs yellowish Petiolar area 1.4 times as long as wide, flat, finely red, mid and hind coxae brownish basally, hind granulate and with a few fine wrinkles (Fig. 118). femur sometimes tinged with brown basally. Flagel- Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina lum reddish brown proximally, dark brown distally. by half its diameter, the spiracular carina indistinct. Pterostigma light brown. Gaster blackish, 1st and 2nd Petiole slightly convex and with very fine sculpture segments tinged with reddish brown. dorsally, sometimes with a longitudinal furrow, with weak dorsolateral carinae, with fine striae laterally. M: unknown. Postpetiole smooth. 1st sternite almost reaching the spiracles (Figs 119, 120). Thyridial depression small, oblique. Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor 3.1- Gelanes intermedius spec. nov. 3.3 times, ovipositor sheath 2.3-2.4 times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards Holotype (W): “Kazabazua, Que., 6.VI.56” (Quebec, proximally and medially, somewhat more bent up- Canada), “Collector W. R. M. Mason”, “Taken on pines.” wards distally, with a shallow rather broad dorsal (OTT). – Paratypes: 2 WW, 2 MM collected at the same emargination subapically, with a very small tooth locality, 6.VI.1956 and 21.V.1959 (HOR, OTT). in front of this emargination, with very fine teeth W: Body length 2.7-2.9 mm. Temples distinctly ventrally (Fig. 121). constricted behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the Measurements of the holotype: Body 2.7 mm width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples long. Head 0.71 mm wide. Thorax 1.02 mm long, intersect on the postscutellum (Fig. 114). Face as wide 0.50 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.4 mm as the frons. Frontal index 0.44. Ocellar index 1.6. Ma- long. 1st gastral tergite 0.52 mm long. Postpetiole lar space index 0.8. Upper mandibular tooth slightly 0.25 mm long, 0.23 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.31 mm the longer. Clypeus 0.7 times as long as the face, 3.7 long, about 0.5 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.26 mm times as wide as long, slightly convex and with some long. Ovipositor 1.7 mm long. punctures dorsally, almost flat and smooth medially Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum reddish and subventrally. Face and frons granulate, a punc- brown or dark brown, head tinged with black dor- tation not visible. Vertex and temple with very fine sally, pronotum yellowish red in the dorsal posterior dispersed punctures on a finely granulate or smooth corner, mesoscutum sometimes tinged with dark background. Flagellum with 16-17 segments, slightly brown. Palpi, mandible (teeth medium brown), me- clavate, 1st segment 3.2 times, 2nd segment 1.8 times, dian and ventral parts of clypeus, scape, pedicellus, median segment 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.4 tegula und legs yellowish red. Flagellum dark brown. times as long as wide, last segment slightly enlarged Pterostigma light brown. Gaster reddish brown, (Fig. 115). Pronotum finely granulate and finely posterior tergites tinged with dark brown dorsally.

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115

117 114 120

116

119 118 121

124 122 123 Figs 114-124. Gelanes intermedius spec. nov. 114-121. W. 114. Head, top view. 115. Antenna. 116. Mesopleurum. 117. Pterostigma and areolet. 118. Propodeum, top view. 119. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 120. 1st gastral segment, side view. 121. Ovipositor, side view. 122-124. M. 122. Head, top view. 123. Head, front view. 124. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view.

M: Eyes moderately large. Temples distinctly con- Taxonomic remark: G. intermedius is similar to stricted behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the G. gubarevae Khalaim from Europe. The latter dif- width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples fers by: Mesopleurum shining and almost smooth intersect on the scutellum. Face 1.2 times as wide centrally. Tip of ovipositor slenderer (see fig. 16 in as the frons. Frontal index 0.37-0.39 (Figs 122, 123). Khalaim 2002: 7). Ocellar index 0.5. Malar space index 0.2. Flagellum with 15-16 segments, filiform, 1st segment 3.0 times, 2nd segment 1.8 times, median segment 1.6 times, Gelanes montanus spec. nov. penultimate segment 1.5 times as long as wide, last segment not enlarged. Mesopleurum finely or Holotypus (W): “Anarchist Mt., Osoyoos, B. C., 20.V. distinctly granulate, a punctation hardly or not at 1959, R. E. Leech” (British Columbia, Canada) (OTT). all discernible. Basal area of propodeum replaced – Paratypes (3 WW): Canada: British Columbia: same by several longitudinal wrinkles or by a median data as holotype (HOR). USA: Idaho: Paradise Ridge, Moscow (WAS); Wyoming: Dubois, Fremont Co. (TEX). keel. 1st gastral tergite 3.1 times as long as wide. Flight period: v-vi. Petiole with longitudinal striae dorsally and laterally. 2nd tergite about as long as wide. Thyridium W: Body length 3.0-3.2 mm. Temples distinctly indicated, thyridial depression as a small oblique constricted behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the groove (Fig. 124). Head, thorax and propodeum width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples black. Palpi, mandible (including teeth), median intersect on the propodeum (Fig. 125). Face 1.1 times and ventral parts of clypeus light reddish brown. as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.51. Ocellar index Scape and pedicellus marked with reddish brown 1.6-1.8. Malar space index 0.9. Mandibular teeth ventrally. Tegula brownish. Legs reddish brown, about equal. Clypeus 0.85 times as long as the face, coxae, trochanters and base of femora tinged with 3.9 times as wide as long, convex and with a few brown. Gaster dark reddish brown or blackish. In punctures dorsally, flat and smooth medially and other characters similar to the W. subventrally. Face with fine dispersed punctures on a finely granulate background. Frons with fine

249 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de

126

125 131 128

127

130

129 132 Figs 125-132. Gelanes montanus spec. nov. (W). 125. Head, top view. 126. Antenna. 127. Mesopleurum. 128. Ptero- stigma and areolet. 129. Propodeum, top view. 130. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 131. 1st gastral segment, side view. 132. Ovipositor, side view. dispersed punctures, the background finely granu- Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural ca- late or smooth laterally, almost smooth medially. rina by 1.5 times its diameter, the spiracular carina Vertex and temple with fine dispersed punctures on narrow. Petiole slightly convex and with very fine a smooth background, outer orbit without punctures. sculpture dorsally, with a dorsal anterior depression, Flagellum with 15-16 segments, clavate, 1st segment with indistinct dorsolateral carinae, with few striae 2.2 times, 2nd segment 1.5 times, median segment laterally. Postpetiole smooth, sometimes with fine 1.4 times, penultimate segment 1.2 times as long sculpture anteriorly. 1st sternite not reaching the as wide, last segment enlarged (Fig. 126). Thorax spiracles (Figs 130, 131). Gaster clavate posteriorly. punctate on a smooth background. Pronotum with Ovipositor about 4.7 times, ovipositor sheath 3.6-3.8 fine dense punctation dorsolaterally, with fine striae times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum for the greater bent upwards proximally and medially, distinctly part with fine dispersed punctures, the punctation bent upwards distally, with a shallow rather broad stronger in front of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus dorsal emargination subapically, with a very small as a slightly depressed wrinkled groove, extending tooth in front of this emargination, without teeth to 0.3 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar fur- ventrally (Fig. 132). row with fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.0 mm on the anterior 0.2, with fine dispersed punctures. long. Head 0.77 mm wide. Thorax 1.08 mm long, Mesopleurum with fine dispersed punctures on a 0.55 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.7 mm finely wrinkled background. Foveate groove as a long. 1st gastral tergite 0.60 mm long. Postpetiole wrinkled furrow, 0.3-0.5 times as long as the meso- 0.30 mm long, 0.25 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.30 mm pleurum (Fig. 127). Mesosternum with fine dispersed long, about 0.6 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 2.2 mm punctures. Metapleurum with very fine dispersed long. Ovipositor about 2.8 mm long. punctures, with wrinkles ventrally. Hind femur 3.2 Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum dark times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.0 times as long brown or blackish, head tinged with black dorsally. as wide (Fig. 128). Metacarpus reaching 0.3 the dis- Palpi, mandible (teeth brownish), median and ventral tance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area parts of clypeus, tegula and legs yellowish red or red- of propodeum as long as wide or slightly wider than dish brown. Antenna dark brown or blackish, scape long, about rectangular, with fine lateral carinae, and pedicellus tinged with yellowish red ventrally. 0.25 times as long as the petiolar area, covered with Mid and hind coxae and trochanters tinged with fine longitudinal wrinkles. Dorsolateral area with brown. Pterostigma light brown. 1st and 2nd gastral fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. segments dark reddish brown, posterior tergites dark Petiolar area 1.4 times as long as wide, flat, finely brown or blackish. granulate and with some fine wrinkles (Fig. 129). M: unknown.

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134

135 133 139

138

137 136

140

141 142 143 Figs 133-143. Gelanes nigrinus spec. nov. 133-140. W. 133. Head, top view. 134. Antenna. 135. Mesopleurum. 136. Pte- rostigma and areolet. 137. Propodeum, top view. 138. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 139. 1st gastral segment, side view. 140. Ovipositor, side view. 141-143. M. 141. Head, top view. 142. Head, front view. 143. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view.

Taxonomic remark: G. montanus is similar to G. bi- Temple with distinct dispersed punctures, outer dentatus Khalaim from the eastern Palaearctic region. orbit without punctures. Flagellum with 15 seg- The latter differs by: Basal area of propodeum 1.5 ments, clavate, 1st segment 3.0 times, 2nd segment times as long as wide. Ovipositor with two dorsal 1.8 times, median segment 2.2 times, penultimate teeth subapically (see fig. 10 in Khalaim 2002: 7). segment 1.2 times as long as wide, last segment enlarged (Fig. 134). Thorax punctate on a smooth background. Pronotum with rather dense punctures Gelanes nigrinus spec. nov. dorsolaterally, with long striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum for the greater part with fine dispersed Holotype (W): “USA, Wyoming: Albany Co., Medicine punctures, punctation stronger in front of the pre- Bow Natl. Forest, Yellow Pines Camp Area, near Pole scutellar furrow. Notaulus as a slightly depressed Creek, S. R. Shaw, 28 May to 4 June 2003, Malaise trap wrinkled groove, extending to 0.2 the length of the (near willows)” (LAR). – Paratypes (2 WW, 5 MM): same mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with fine striae. data as holotype (HOR, LAR). Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.4, W: Body length 3.3-3.5 mm. Temples slightly con- with fine dispersed punctures. Mesopleurum with stricted behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the fine dispersed punctures, sometimes with additional width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples fine wrinkles. Foveate groove scarcely depressed, intersect on the petiole (Fig. 133). Face 1.1 times as almost as long as the mesopleurum, covered with wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.53. Ocellar index longitudinal and irregular wrinkles (Fig. 135). Mes- 1.5. Malar space index 1.0. Mandibular teeth about osternum with fine dispersed punctures. Metapleu- equal. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as the face, 3.9 times rum with fine rather dense punctures. Hind femur as wide as long, convex and distinctly punctate 3.4 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.1 times as dorsally, flat and smooth medially and subventrally. long as wide (Fig. 136). Metacarpus reaching 0.3 the Head punctate on a smooth background. Face, distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal frons and vertex with fine dispersed punctures. area of propodeum about 1.5 times as long as wide,

251 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de the lateral carinae sometimes indistinct, 0.3 times as the 1st segment tinged with dark brown. In other long as the petiolar area, covered with longitudinal characters similar to the W. wrinkles. Dorsolateral area with fine dispersed Taxonomic remark: G. nigrinus is similar to G. bi- punctures on a smooth background dorsally, with dentatus Khalaim from the eastern Palaearctic region. wrinkles laterally. Petiolar area 1.3 times as long as The latter differs by: Propodeal spiracle separated wide, flat, with fine irregular wrinkles anteriorly, from the pleural carina by about twice its diameter. with transverse striae posteriorly (to a variable Ovipositor sheath 3.5-4.0 times as long as the 1st extent) (Fig. 137). Propodeal spiracle separated gastral tergite. Ovipositor with two dorsal teeth from the pleural carina by about its diameter, the and one ventral tooth subapically (see fig. 10 in spiracular carina narrow or broad. Petiole slightly Khalaim 2002: 7). depressed or flat dorsally, with very fine sculpture or smooth, with distinct dorsolateral carinae, with distinct striae laterally. Postpetiole smooth or with Gelanes pleroneurae spec. nov. very fine sculpture. 1st sternite almost reaching the spiracles (Figs 138, 139). Gaster clavate posteriorly. Holotype (W): “CAL: Modoc Co., 9 mi. NE Adin, 1-2 Ovipositor 5.6-5.9 times, ovipositor sheath 4.5-4.7 (USFS block XI), VI-24-74” (California, USA), “Insec- times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly ticide/dropcloth study under Abies concolor” (BER). – bent upwards proximally and medially, distinctly Paratypes (28 WW, 8 MM): Canada: Quebec: Hull (OTT), bent upwards distally, with a shallow rather broad Stoneham (AEI). USA: Arizona: Alpine (AEI); Califor- dorsal emargination subapically, with a very small nia: Adin, Modoc Co. (BER), Blodgett Forest, El Dorado tooth in front of this emargination, with very fine Co. (BER, WAS), Camino (AEI), Cedar Pass, Modoc Co. teeth ventrally (Fig. 140). (BER, HOR), Donner Pass (AEI), Echo Lake, El Dorado Co. (BER), Smoky Jack Camp, Josemite Park (AEI), Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.3 mm Strawberry (AEI), Tamarack Flat, Josemite Park (AEI); long. Head 0.79 mm wide. Thorax 1.13 mm long, Maine: Greenville (AEI), Waterford (AEI); Michigan: 0.58 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 3.0 mm Iron River (AEI); Oregon: Corvallis (AEI), Hyatt Reser- st long. 1 gastral tergite 0.59 mm long. Postpetiole voir (AEI, HOR); Wyoming: Dubois, Fremont Co. (TEX). nd 0.33 mm long, 0.27 mm wide. 2 tergite 0.33 mm Flight period: v-vii. long, about 0.6 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 2.75 mm long. Ovipositor 3.45 mm long. W: Body length 4.5-5.5 mm. Temples not constricted Colour: Black. Palpi and mandible (teeth reddish directly behind the eyes, 0.85 times as long as the brown) yellowish red. Clypeus with small yellow- width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples ish red marks laterally. Scape and pedicellus tinged intersect behind the apex of the gaster (Fig. 144). Face with reddish brown ventrally. Tegula dark brown. 1.05 times as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.58. Pterostigma medium brown. Coxae, trochanters Ocellar index 1.8. Malar space index 0.5. Upper man- and trochantelli yellowish brown with dark brown dibular tooth the longer. Clypeus 0.7 times as long as marks. Femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish red, the the face, 4.0 times as wide as long, distinctly convex femora sometimes tinged with brown basally. 1st and distinctly punctate on a smooth background gastral tergite tinged with dark brown. dorsally, slightly depressed and smooth medially and subventrally. Face and frons with fine rather M: Eyes large. Temples slightly constricted behind dense or dispersed punctures on a finely granulate the eyes, 0.5 times as long as the width of an eye, background, central swelling of the face smooth. tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on Vertex with fine dispersed punctures on a smooth the postpetiole. Face 1.5 times as wide as the frons. background. Temple with very fine dispersed punc- Frontal index 0.26-0.36 (Figs 141, 142). Ocellar index tures on a smooth background. Flagellum with 19-22 0.3. Malar space index 0.3. Flagellum with 15-17 segments, very slightly attenuated, 1st segment 2.0 segments, filiform, 1st segment 2.1 times, 2nd segment times, 2nd segment 1.7 times, median segment 1.6 1.7 times, median segment 1.7 times, penultimate times, penultimate segment 1.4 times as long as segment 1.7 times as long as wide, last segment not wide, last segment not enlarged (Fig. 145). Pronotum enlarged. Mesoscutum strongly shining, with very with fine dispersed or rather dense punctures on a fine punctures, partly without punctures. 1st gastral finely granulate and rugose background dorsola- tergite 4.1 times as long as wide. 2nd tergite 1.6 times terally, with distinct striae in the anterior groove. as long as wide. Thyridial depression as an oblique Mesoscutum with fine dispersed or rather dense furrow, longer than wide (Fig. 143). Body almost punctures on a smooth background, sometimes the completely black. Mandible brownish. Femora, tibiae background very finely granulate in front of the and tarsi yellowish brown, femora marked with black prescutellar furrow. Notaulus almost obliterated, proximally, tarsi brownish distally. Gaster behind as a short very shallow groove. Prescutellar furrow

145

144

147

148 146

150

149 151

Figs 144-151. Gelanes pleroneurae spec. nov. (W). 144. Head, top view. 145. Antenna. 146. Mesopleurum. 147. Pte- rostigma and areolet. 148. Propodeum, top view. 149. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 150. 1st gastral segment, side view. 151. Ovipositor, side view. with distinct striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae as long as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area with on the anterior 0.25, with fine dispersed punctures fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. on a smooth background. Mesopleurum with fine Petiolar area 1.2 times as long as wide, flat, finely or distinct dispersed punctures on a smooth back- granulate and with fine wrinkles and punctures ground. Foveate groove very slightly depressed, (Fig. 148). Propodeal spiracle separated from the usually small, covered with fine wrinkles and fine pleural carina by 1.5 times its diameter, the spiracu- dorsoventral striae, sometimes almost obliterated lar carina slightly widened. Petiole concave, with a (Fig. 146). Mesosternum with fine dispersed punc- distinct longitudinal furrow and with very fine sculp- tures on a smooth background. Metapleurum with ture dorsally, with dorsolateral carinae, with distinct fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background, striae laterally. Postpetiole convex, with very fine with wrinkles ventrally. Hind femur 3.5 times as sculpture anteriorly, sometimes with a small groove, long as high. Pterostigma 2.1 times as long as wide smooth posteriorly. 1st sternite almost reaching the (Fig. 147). Metacarpus reaching to 0.6 of the distance spiracles (Figs 149, 150). Gaster clavate-compressed from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of pro- posteriorly. Ovipositor 2.5 times, ovipositor sheath podeum about as long as wide or slightly longer, as 1.5 times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor rather an area covered with some longitudinal wrinkles, evenly bent upwards over its total length, with a sometimes with distinct lateral carinae, 0.25-0.3 times shallow rather broad dorsal emargination subapi-

253 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de cally, with a small tooth in front of this emargination, kill their hosts in the pupal cells, and the new adults with few fine teeth ventrally (Fig. 151). emerge in spring too (Ohmart & Dahlsten 1979). No Measurements of the holotype: Body 5.3 mm reared specimen was found in the material studied long. Head 1.18 mm wide. Thorax 1.9 mm long, and Ohmart & Dahlsten do not expressly write that 1.0 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 4.6 mm they reared adult parasitoids (but they observed eggs long. 1st gastral tergite 1.02 mm long. Postpetiole and larvae inside of the host larvae). Five WW have 0.53 mm long, 0.53 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.58 mm been caught in Blodgett Forest (California) while long, about 1.0 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.5 mm inserting their ovipositors in Pleroneura infested long. Ovipositor 2.5 mm long. buds (BER, WAS), and seven specimens (6 WW, 1 M) Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum blackish, have been collected in Modoc Co. (California) in a sometimes tinged with dark brown. Palpi, mandible special study on A. concolor (see label of holotype) (teeth reddish brown), median and ventral parts (BER, HOR). In addition, two adults were collected of clypeus and tegula yellowish. Scape, pedicellus on undetermined Abies species (AEI). and legs yellowish or yellowish red. Flagellum dark brown, tinged with yellowish proximally. Fore and mid coxae brown basally, hind coxa reddish brown Gelanes punctipleuris spec. nov. or brown. Hind femur tinged with red. Pterostigma medium brown or dark brown. Gaster dark brown Holotype (W): “R218, Coll. Columbia Co., Fla., 2/10/ or blackish, 2nd tergite reddish brown or brown. 1960, B. H. Ebel” (Florida, USA), “M strobili – Pinus elliottii – paras. Xyela sp. larvae (prob. X. pini)”, “Hopkins M: Eyes not enlarged. Temples slightly constricted U.S. 45714 – (a)” (WAS). – Paratypes (314 WW, 169 MM): behind the eyes, 0.75 times as long as the width of Canada: Alberta: Elkwater (OTT), Island Lake, Cole- an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect man, 4500' (OTT), Waterton (OTT); British Columbia: on the apex of gaster. Frontal index 0.54. Ocellar Crownsnest (OTT), Hixon (OTT), Oliver (OTT); Ontario: index 1.8. Malar space index 0.2. Flagellum with 21 Constance Bay (OTT), Limerick Forest, Spencerville segments, slightly attenuated, 1st segment 2.2 times, (NHM, OTT), Roebuck (OTT); Quebec: Kazabazua (NHM, OTT). USA: Alabama: Montgomery (AEI); 2nd segment 1.8 times, median segment 1.7 times, District of Columbia: Dalecarlia (WAS); Florida: Co- penultimate segment 1.6 times as long as wide, lumbia Co. (HOR, WAS), Union Co. (WAS); Maryland: last segment not enlarged. Foveate groove almost Bowie (OTT, WAS), Colesville (OTT), Glen Echo (WAS), obliterated, only a few fine wrinkles present. Basal Hughesville (AEI, WAS), Laurel (OTT), Lexington area of propodeum 0.3-0.4 times as long as petiolar Park (AEI), Meadowood, Colesville (WAS), Millington area. 1st gastral tergite 2.6 times as long as wide. (OTT), Takoma Park (AEI), Upper Marlboro (OTT); Postpetiole with slightly divergent lateral contours. North Carolina: Southern Pines (AEI), Wake Co. (AEI); 2nd tergite about 1.2 times as long as wide. Thyridial Pennsylvania: Manchester (OTT), Spring Bridge (AEI); depression triangular, almost as long as wide. Gaster South Carolina: Greenville (AEI); Virginia: Alexandria clavate posteriorly. In other characters (also in colour) (HOR, WAS), Barcroft (WAS), Clifton (WAS), Falls similar to the W. Church (WAS), Rosslyn (WAS), Vienna (WAS). Flight period: iii-vi, with a peak in iv. Taxonomic remarks: A W of this species was figured W: Body length 2.5-3.1 mm. Temples distinctly by Townes (1971: 258) under the name Allophroides constricted behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as sp. [Alpine, Arizona (AEI)]. The species is similar to the width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and the Palearctic species G. clypeatus Horstmann. The temples intersect on the propodeum (Fig. 152). Face latter differs by: Foveate groove not covered with 1.05 times as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.55. wrinkles. Basal area of propodeum 0.55-0.6 times Ocellar index 1.7. Malar space index 0.9. Mandibular as long as petiolar area. Ovipositor sheath 1.7-1.9 teeth about equal. Clypeus 0.9 times as long as the times as long as the 1st gastral tergite. face, 3.3 times as wide as long, slightly convex and Hosts: Pleroneura spp. (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) on finely punctate dorsally, flat and smooth medially Abies concolor (Gord. and Glend.) Lindl. The hosts and subventrally. Head punctate on a smooth back- are univoltine. The larvae of three host species ground. Face with fine rather dense punctures. Frons (Pleroneura aldrichi Ross, P. koebelei Rohwer, P. lutea and vertex with fine dispersed punctures. Temple Rohwer) feed in spring in the buds and expanding with very dispersed punctures, outer orbit without shoots of Abies concolor, drop to the ground, build punctures. Flagellum with 16-18 segments, clavate, earthen cells in the soil, in which they hibernate, 1st segment 2.1 times, 2nd segment 1.5 times, median pupate in late winter, and the new adults emerge in segment 1.5 times, penultimate segment 1.05 times as spring (Ohmart & Dahlsten 1977). The parasitoids long as wide, last segment enlarged (Fig. 153). Thorax oviposit in the host larvae in the buds and shoots, punctate on a smooth background. Pronotum for the

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156 157 159 Figs 152-159. Gelanes punctipleuris spec. nov. (W). 152. Head, top view. 153. Antenna. 154. Mesopleurum. 155. Ptero- stigma and areolet. 156. Propodeum, top view. 157. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 158. 1st gastral segment, side view. 159. Ovipositor, side view. greater part with longitudinal wrinkles dorsolater- Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.1 mm ally, finely punctate in the dorsal posterior corner. long. Head 0.78 mm wide. Thorax 1.18 mm long, Mesoscutum with fine rather dense punctures. 0.60 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.7 mm Notaulus as a wrinkled groove, extending to 0.3 long. 1st gastral tergite 0.65 mm long. Postpetiole the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow 0.33 mm long, 0.24 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.35 mm with fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on long, about 0.5 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.8 mm the anterior 0.3, with fine punctures. Mesopleurum long. Ovipositor 2.6 mm long. with distinct rather dense or fine dispersed punctures Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum dark (punctures in some small specimens hardly discern- brown or blackish, sometimes head dark brown, ible). Foveate groove as a transversely striate furrow, thorax and propodeum reddish brown. Palpi, mandi- 0.4-0.6 times as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 154). ble (teeth reddish brown), median and ventral parts Mesosternum with fine dispersed punctures. Meta- of clypeus and tegula yellowish red. Antenna dark pleurum with fine rather dense punctures dorsally brown, tinged with reddish brown proximally. Legs and medially, with wrinkles ventrally. Hind femur yellowish red, hind coxa reddish brown. Pterostigma 3.5 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.4 times as light brown. Gaster blackish, postpetiole and 2nd long as wide (Fig. 155). Metacarpus reaching half the tergite tinged with reddish brown. distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area M: Eyes almost not enlarged. Temples distinctly of propodeum 2-3 times as long as wide, with fine lat- constricted behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the eral carinae, sometimes replaced by a longitudinally width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples striate area, 0.45 times as long as the petiolar area. intersect on the petiole. Face as wide as the frons. Dorsolateral area with fine dispersed punctures on Frontal index 0.52. Ocellar index 1.4-1.5. Malar space a smooth background dorsally, with striae laterally. index 0.6. Flagellum with 17-19 segments, filiform, Petiolar area 1.5 times as long as wide, flat, finely 1st segment 2.1 times, 2nd segment 1.2 times, median granulate and with fine wrinkles, often with a few segment 1.1 times, penultimate segment 1.1 times as transverse wrinkles posteriorly (Fig. 156). Propo- long as wide, last segment not enlarged. Basal area deal spiracle situated close to the pleural carina, the of propodeum half as long as petiolar area. 1st gastral spiracular carina broad. Petiole convex and with fine tergite 3.1 times as long as wide. Postpetiole with sculpture dorsally, with dorsolateral carinae, with slightly divergent lateral contours. 2nd tergite about as fine striae laterally. Postpetiole convex, smooth. 1st long as wide. Thyridial depression triangular, about sternite reaching the spiracles (Figs 157, 158). Gaster as long as wide (variable). Gaster clavate posteriorly. clavate-compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor 2.8-4.5 Colour about as in the W, thorax, propodeum and times, ovipositor sheath 1.6-3.3 times as long as the 1st 1st gastral segment always blackish. Mid and hind tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards proximally coxae often blackish, hind femur sometimes tinged and medially, distinctly bent upwards distally, with with brown proximately. In other characters similar a very small dorsal incision subapically, with a fine to the W. tooth ventrally (Fig. 159).

Variation: Some WW (not included in the type series) with fine dispersed punctures. Mesopleurum with are very small: Body length 2 mm; Flagellum with 15 fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. segments; ovipositor sheath 2.0-2.2 times as long as Foveate groove as a furrow with transverse wrinkles, the 1st gastral tergite [localities: Lake Placid, Florida 0.3-0.5 times as long as the mesopleurum (Fig. 163). (AEI), Clifton, Virginia (WAS)]. Mesosternum with very fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. Metapleurum with fine Taxonomic remark: G. punctipleuris is very similar punctures on a smooth background dorsally and to G. cuspidatus Khalaim from the eastern Palaearctic medially, with wrinkles ventrally. Hind femur 3.4 region. The latter differs by: Flagellum almost not times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.7 times as long clavate, penultimate segment 1.3-1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 164). Metacarpus reaching half the as wide, last segment not enlarged. Ovipositor distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area sheath 3.0-3.5 times as long as the 1st gastral tergite of propodeum about as long as wide, covered with (according to a female paratype in the Zoologische longitudinal wrinkles, the lateral carinae indistinct, Staatssammlung, Munich). 0.4 times as long as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral Hosts: Xyela spp. on Pinus (see note under G. brevi- area with distinct dispersed punctures on a smooth cornis). WW of G. punctipleuris were frequently col- background, with wrinkles at the edges. Petiolar area lected on Pinus banksiana Lamb., P. virginiana Mill. about 1.3 times as long as wide, slightly depressed, and undetermined Pinus species, some of these with fine wrinkles and punctures anteriorly, with caught on staminate buds while searching for hosts distinct wrinkles laterally and posteriorly. Lateral or inserting their ovipositors in the buds (HOR, boundary of the petiolar area and lateral parts of NHM, OTT, WAS). the transverse carina obliterated and replaced by several wrinkles (Fig. 165). Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina by its diameter, Gelanes punctulatus spec. nov. the spiracular carina narrow. Petiole flat or slightly depressed and almost smooth dorsally, with distinct Holotype (W): “Julian, Calif., May 10, 1974, H. & M. dorsolateral carinae, distinctly striate laterally. Post- Townes” (California, USA) (AEI). – Paratypes (3 WW, petiole smooth. 1st sternite not reaching the spiracles 1 M): USA: California: Julian (AEI, HOR); Oregon: (Figs 166, 167). Thyridial depression as an oblique Selma (AEI). Flight period: v. furrow. Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor about 7.0 times, ovipositor sheath 5.7-5.8 times as long as W: Body length 4.5-6.0 mm. Temples distinctly the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly or distinctly bent constricted behind the eyes, 0.65 times as long as the upwards over its total length, with a shallow rather width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples broad dorsal emargination subapically, with a fine intersect on the propodeum. Face 1.3-1.4 times as tooth in front of this emargination, with few fine wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.47 (Figs 160, 161). teeth ventrally (Fig. 168). Ocellar index 1.5. Malar space index 0.9. Lower man- Measurements of the holotype: Body 6.1 mm dibular tooth distinctly the longer. Clypeus as long long. Head 1.18 mm wide. Thorax 1.87 mm long, as the face, 4.0 times as wide as long, convex and 0.94 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 4.5 mm with rather dense punctures dorsally, flat or slightly long. 1st gastral tergite 1.07 mm long. Postpetiole depressed and smooth medially and subventrally. 0.57 mm long, 0.42 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.69 mm Face, frons, vertex and temple with fine rather dense long, about 0.8 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 6.2 mm or dispersed punctures on a smooth background, long. Ovipositor 7.5 mm long. frons with a finely granulate background laterally, Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum blackish, outer orbit without punctures. Flagellum with 22-23 st nd rarely dark reddish brown. Palpi, mandible (teeth segments, filiform, 1 segment 2.3 times, 2 segment dark brown), ventral part of clypeus, tegula and 1.7 times, median segment 1.6 times, penultimate legs yellowish red, mid and hind coxae dark brown. segment 1.15 times as long as wide, last segment Scape and pedicellus tinged with reddish brown. not enlarged (Fig. 162). Pronotum with very fine Pterostigma medium brown. Gaster dark reddish punctures on a very finely granulate or wrinkled brown or brownish black, postpetiole, 2nd tergite background dorsolaterally, with fine long striae in and lateral parts of the posterior tergites tinged with the anterior groove. Mesoscutum with fine rather reddish brown (to a variable extent). dense or dispersed punctures on a smooth background. Notaulus as a distinctly depressed wrinkled M: Eyes large. Temples strongly constricted behind furrow, extending to 0.2 the length of the mesoscu- the eyes, 0.4 times as long as the width of an eye, tum. Prescutellar furrow with fine short striae. tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on the Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.25, centre of the mesoscutum. Face 1.75 times as wide as

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169 171 Figs 160-171. Gelanes punctulatus spec. nov. 160-168. W. 160. Head, top view. 161. Head, front view. 162. Antenna. 163. Mesopleurum. 164. Pterostigma and areolet. 165. Propodeum, top view. 166. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 167. 1st gastral segment, side view. 168. Ovipositor, side view. 169-171. M. 169. Head, top view. 170. Head, front view. 171. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view.

257 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de the frons. Frontal index 0.27 (Figs 169, 170). Ocellar Basal area of propodeum four times as long as wide, index 0.25. Malar space index 0.2. Flagellum with 21 with almost parallel lateral carinae, 0.3 times as long segments, filiform, 1st segment 3.0 times, 2nd segment as the petiolar area. Dorsolateral area with very 1.75 times, median segment 1.75 times, penultimate fine dispersed punctures on a smooth background. segment 1.5 times as long as wide. Basal area of Petiolar area 1.2 times as long as wide, flat, with propodeum about twice as long as wide, 0.6 times as fine sculpture and a few fine wrinkles (Fig. 176). long as the area petiolaris. 1st gastral tergite 3.9 times Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina as long as wide. 2nd tergite about 1.5 times as long by its diameter, the spiracular carina narrow. Peti- as wide. Thyridial depression as an oblique furrow, ole flat and with fine striae dorsally, with distinct about as long as wide (Fig. 171). 1st gastral segment dorsolateral carinae, with a few fine striae laterally. black, the other tergites blackish, tinged with brown Postpetiole for the greater part smooth, with fine posteriorly. In other characters similar to the W. short striae anteriorly. 1st sternite almost reaching the spiracles (Figs 177, 178). Thyridial depression as an oblique furrow. Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovi- Gelanes rarus spec. nov. positor about 4.0 times, ovipositor sheath 2.8 times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent Holotype (W): “Elkwater, Alta., 11-VI-1956, O. Peck” upwards proximally and medially, more strongly (Alberta, Canada) (OTT). bent upwards distally, with a shallow rather broad dorsal emargination subapically, with a fine tooth W: Body length 2.6 mm. Temples distinctly con- in front of this emargination, with very fine teeth stricted behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the ventrally (Fig. 179). width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples Measurements of the holotype: Body 2.6 mm intersect on the postscutellum (Fig. 172). Face 0.95 long. Head 0.66 mm wide. Thorax 0.94 mm long, times as wide as the frons. Frontal index 0.55. Ocel- 0.47 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.4 mm lar index 1.5. Malar space index 0.65. Mandibular long. 1st gastral tergite 0.51 mm long. Postpetiole teeth about equal. Clypeus 0.9 times as long as the 0.25 mm long, 0.23 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.30 mm face, 3.1 times as wide as long, convex and with few long, about 0.4 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath 1.45 mm punctures dorsally, almost flat and smooth medially long. Ovipositor 2.1 mm long. and subventrally. Face and frons with fine dispersed Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum reddish punctures on a finely granulate background. Vertex brown, head blackish dorsally. Palpi, mandible (teeth and temple with fine dispersed punctures on a very light brown), clypeus, ventral parts of scape and finely granulate or smooth background. Flagellum pedicellus, tegula and legs yellowish or yellowish with 15 segments, clavate, 1st segment 2.4 times, nd red. Flagellum dark brown. Pterostigma light brown. 2 segment 1.7 times, median segment 1.7 times, Gaster dark brown or blackish, 1st and 2nd segments penultimate segment 1.6 times as long as wide, last reddish brown. segment enlarged (Fig. 173). Pronotum with very fine punctures and wrinkles on a finely granulate M [?correctly associated]: Body length 3.6 mm. Eyes background dorsolaterally, with short striae in the large. Temples distinctly constricted behind the eyes, anterior groove. Mesoscutum for the greater part 0.5 times as long as the width of an eye, tangential with fine dispersed punctures on a smooth back- lines on eyes and temples intersect on the propo- ground, the background finely granulate in front of deum. Face 1.6 times as wide as the frons. Frontal the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus as an indistinct fur- index 0.27 (Figs 180, 181). Ocellar index 0.3. Malar row, extending to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. space index 0.3. Flagellum with 17 segments, filiform, Prescutellar furrow with a few fine striae. Scutellum 1st segment 2.7 times, 2nd segment 2.0 times, median bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3, with fine segment 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.7 times as punctures on a smooth background. Mesopleurum long as wide, last segment not enlarged. Mesoscu- with distinct fine dispersed punctures on a smooth tum, mesopleurum and metapleurum with very fine background. Foveate groove as a slightly depressed dispersed punctures on a smooth background. 1st furrow with transverse wrinkles, 0.3 times as long gastral tergite 3.8 times as long as wide. 2nd tergite as the mesopleurum (Fig. 174). Mesosternum with about twice as long as wide. Thyridial depression as very fine dispersed punctures on a smooth back- an oblique furrow, about as long as wide (Fig. 182). ground. Metapleurum with a few fine punctures Head (clypeus included), thorax, propodeum and and wrinkles on a smooth background. Hind femur gaster blackish. Palpi dark brown. Mandible reddish 3.8 times as long as high. Pterostigma 2.4 times as brown. Base of antenna blackish. Tegula dark brown, long as wide (Fig. 175). Metacarpus reaching to 0.6 with a yellow mark. Coxae, trochanters, trochantelli of the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. and proximal parts of femora dark brown or black-

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174 179

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181 182 180 Figs 172-179. Gelanes rarus spec. nov. (W). 172. Head, top view. 173. Antenna. 174. Mesopleurum. 175. Pterostigma and areolet. 176. Propodeum, top view. 177. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 178. 1st gastral segment, side view. 179. Ovipositor, side view. Figs 180-182. Gelanes ?rarus spec. nov. (M). 180. Head, top view. 181. Head, front view. 182 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. ish, distal parts of femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish Gelanes striatus spec. nov. red. Gastral tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards tinged with dark brown. In other characters similar Holotype (W): “Krassel Ida, V-17-57” (Idaho, USA), to the W. 1M has been collected at the same locality “Pseudotsuga menziesii”, “M. M. Furniss, Hopk. 39545” and date as the holotype, but it is distinctly larger (WAS). and its identity is in slight doubt. W: Body length 3 mm. Temples distinctly constricted Variation: Malar space index 0.8. Flagellum with behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the width of an 14 segments. Punctures of the mesopleurum more eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on distinct. Foveate groove shallowly depressed, for the the propodeum (Fig. 183). Face 1.1 times as wide as greater part covered with fine longitudinal striae, the frons. Frontal index 0.53. Ocellar index 1.6. Malar about 0.7 times as long as the mesopleurum. Head, space index 0.95. Mandibular teeth almost equal. thorax and propodeum dark brown [1 W from Knox Clypeus 0.8 times as long as the face, 3.3 times as Mt., California (WAS)]. The status of this specimen wide as long, convex and with a smooth background, is unknown; it is not regarded as a paratype. with a few punctures dorsally, without punctures subventrally. Face, frons and vertex with very fine Taxonomic remark: G. rarus is similar to G. guba- dispersed punctures on a finely granulate back- revae Khalaim from Europe. The latter differs by: ground, vertex partly with a smooth background. Flagellum with 17-18 segments. Mesopleurum finely Temple with very fine dispersed punctures on a granulate and shining centrally, a punctation hardly smooth background, outer orbit without punctures. discernible. Tip of ovipositor slenderer (see fig. 16 Flagellum with 14 segments, clavate, 1st segment in Khalaim 2002: 7). 2.5 times, 2nd segment 1.5 times, median segment 1.6 times, penultimate segment 1.2 times as long as wide, last segment enlarged (Fig. 184). Pronotum with fine rather dense punctation on a very finely granulate background dorsolaterally, with distinct striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum for the

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186 183 189

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188 187 190 Figs 183-190. Gelanes striatus spec. nov. (W). 183. Head, top view. 184. Antenna. 185. Mesopleurum. 186. Pterostig- ma and areolet. 187. Propodeum, top view. 188. 1st and 2nd gastral tergites, top view. 189. 1st gastral segment, side view. 190. Ovipositor, side view. greater part with fine dispersed punctures on a spiracles (Figs 188, 189). Thyridial depression as a smooth background, the background finely granu- small oblique furrow. Gaster clavate-compressed late in front of the prescutellar furrow. Notaulus posteriorly. Ovipositor 3.7 times, ovipositor sheath as a distinct wrinkled furrow, extending to 0.2 the 2.8 times as long as the 1st tergite. Ovipositor slightly length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow bent upwards proximally and medially, distinctly with fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on bent upwards distally, with a shallow rather broad the anterior 0.15, with fine dispersed punctures on dorsal emargination subapically, with a very fine an almost smooth background. Mesopleurum with tooth in front of this emargination, without teeth rather distinct dispersed punctures on a very finely ventrally (Fig. 190). granulate or smooth background, with some addi- Measurements of the holotype: Body 3.0 mm tional wrinkles. Foveate groove shallow, about as long. Head 0.77 mm wide. Thorax 1.07 mm long, long as the mesopleurum, covered with longitudinal 0.55 mm wide (mesoscutum). Front wing 2.7 mm striae (Fig. 185). Mesosternum with fine dispersed long. 1st gastral tergite 0.60 mm long. Postpetiole punctures on a smooth background. Metapleurum 0.28 mm long, 0.23 mm wide. 2nd tergite 0.30 mm finely granulate and with fine punctures and wrin- long, about 0.45 mm wide. Ovipositor sheath kles, slightly shining. Hind femur 3.5 times as long as 1.65 mm long. Ovipositor 2.2 mm long. high. Pterostigma 2.0 times as long as wide (Fig. 186). Colour: Head, thorax and propodeum dark red- Metacarpus reaching to 0.4 of the distance from radial dish brown, head blackish dorsally. Palpi and mandi- cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 1.5 ble (teeth reddish brown) yellowish. Clypeus reddish times as long as wide, rectangular, with distinct brown dorsally, yellowish ventrally. Antenna dark lateral carinae, 0.35 times as long as the petiolar area. brown, tinged with reddish brown basally. Tegula Dorsolateral area with very fine dispersed punctures and legs yellowish red. Pterostigma light brown. on a smooth background dorsally, with wrinkles Gaster reddish brown, posterior tergites blackish laterally. Petiolar area 1.5 times as long as wide, dorsally. flat, with fine irregular wrinkles anteriorly, with M: unknown. distinct transverse wrinkles posteriorly (Fig. 187). Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural ca- Remark: The holotype was collected on the bark rina by 0.7 times its diameter, the spiracular carina of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae) narrow. Petiole flat and with very fine striae and infested with Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins a short longitudinal furrow dorsally, with distinct (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) (note in Hopkins’ card file, dorsolateral carinae, with distinct striae laterally. WAS). However, there is no indication that the latter Postpetiole smooth. 1st sternite almost reaching the might be the host of G. striatus.

References – – & Blank, S. M. 2011. Review of the European species of the genus Gelanes Horstmann (Hymenoptera: Ich- Burdick, D. J. 1961. A taxonomic and biological study neumonidae: Tersilochinae), parasitoids of xyelid of the genus Xyela Dalman in North America. Uni- sawflies (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Proceedings of versity of California publications in entomology the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of 17: 285-353. Sciences 315: 154-166. Carlson, R. W. 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. Pp. 315- Ohmart, C. P. & Dahlsten, D. L. 1977. Biological studies 740 in: Krombein, K. V., Hurt, P. D., Smith, D. R. of bud mining sawflies, Pleroneura spp. (Hymeno- & Burks, B. D. (eds). Catalog of Hymenoptera in ptera: Xyelidae), on white fir in the central Sierra America north of Mexico. Washington. Nevada of California. I. Life cycles, niche utilization, Ebel, B. H. 1966. Rearing and occurence of xyelid saw- and interaction between larval feeding and tree flies on slash and longleaf pines in north Florida growth. Canadian Entomologist 109: 1001-1007. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Annals of the Entomo- – – & – – 1979. Biological studies of bud mining saw- logical Society of America 59: 227-229. flies, Pleroneura spp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae), on Horstmann, K. 1971. Revision der europäischen Tersi- white fir in the central Sierra Nevada of California. lochinen (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Teil I. III. Mortality factors of egg, larval, and adult stages Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssamm- and a partial life table. Canadian Entomologist 111: lung München 15: 45-138. 883-888. – – 1981. Revision der europäischen Tersilochinae II Schmidt, K., Zmudzinski, F. & Riedel, M. 2010. Beiträge (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Spixiana, Suppl. 4 zur Kenntnis der badischen Schlupfwespenfau- (1980): 1-76. na (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) 8. Metopiinae, – – 2010. Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae II. Genera Tersilochinae und neun weitere Unterfamilien. Ca- Allophrys Förster, Barycnemis Förster, Ctenophion rolinea 68: 61-78. gen. nov., Sathropterus Förster, Spinolochus Horst- Strobl, A. 1904. Ichneumoniden Steiermarks (und der mann and Stethantyx Townes (Hymenoptera, Ich- Nachbarländer) (Schluß). Mitteilungen des Na- neumonidae). Spixiana 33: 73-109. turwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark 40 Khalaim, A. I. 2002. [A review of the species of the genus (1903): 43-160. Gelanes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tersilochi- Townes, H. 1969. The genera of Ichneumonidae, part 1. nae) of the Palaearctic region]. Vestnik zoologii Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 36: 3-12. 11: II + 1-300. – – 2007. [Podsem. Tersilochinae]. Pp. 566-597 in: [Key – – 1971. The genera of Ichneumonidae, part 4. Mem- to the insects of Russian Far East]. Vol. IV. Neuro- oirs of the American Entomological Institute 17: pteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 5. Vladivos- III + 1-372. tok.

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