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Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Organ Removal
HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR THE PURPOSE OF ORGAN REMOVAL Jessica de Jong Human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal Jessica de Jong Copyright © 2017, Jessica de Jong Cover art: Roger Klaassen Layout cover: Liedewij Vogelzang ISBN 978-90-393-6817-6 Financial support by the National Police is gratefully acknowledged. All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author. Human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal Mensenhandel met het oogmerk van orgaanverwijdering (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 20 oktober 2017 des middags te 4.15 uur door Jessica Elisabeth Clasina de Jong geboren op 24 februari 1986 te Driebergen-Rijsenburg Promotoren: Prof. dr. D. Siegel Prof. dr. C.R.J.J. Rijken Voor Koos, mijn grote liefde Contents List of abbreviations 9 Introduction 11 1. Research and analysis process 15 1.1 Research methods 16 1.1.1 Desk research 16 1.1.2 Case studies 17 1.1.2.1 Interviews 20 1.1.2.2 Court documents 23 1.1.2.3 Documentaries 23 1.1.3 Expert meetings 25 1.2 Analysis methods 26 1.3 Validity and triangulation 26 1.4 Ethical issues 27 1.5 Limitations of the study 28 2. Prohibition, violation and enforcement 29 2.1 The prohibition and its influence 30 2.1.1 WHO’s Guiding Principles 30 -
Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ORGAN REMOVAL A Comprehensive Literature Review Assya Pascalev - Bulgarian Center for Bioethics, Bulgaria Jessica de Jong - Central Division of the National Police, the Netherlands Frederike Ambagtsheer - Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands Susanne Lundin - Lund University, Sweden Ninoslav Ivanovski - University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Natalia Codreanu - Renal Foundation, Moldova Martin Gunnarson - Lund University, Sweden Jordan Yankov - Bulgarian Center for Bioethics, Bulgaria Mihaela Frunza - Academic Society for the Research of Religions and Ideologies, Romania Ingela Byström - Lund University, Sweden Michael Bos - Eurotransplant International Foundation, The Netherlands Willem Weimar - Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands December 2013 This report is published with the financial support of the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme European Commission – Directorate General Home Affairs. The HOTT project has been funded with the support of the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which can be made of the information contained therein. Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal Please do not cite this report This report will be published in 2014 as: Pascalev A, De Jong J, Ambagtsheer F, Lundin S, Ivanovski N, Codreanu C, Gunnarson M, Yankov J, Frunza M, Byström I, Bos M, Weimar W, Trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal: a comprehensive literature review. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers 2014. This review is the first delivery of a series of reports forthcoming under the HOTT project: 1. Literature review (December 2013) 2. -
Drug Shortages Prompt Doctors, Societies to Consider Non-Profit
Vol. 37 No. 33 Sept. 9, 2011 SPECIAL ISSUE © Copyright 2011 The Cancer Letter Inc. All rights reserved. Price $395 Per Year. To subscribe, call 800-513-7042 or visit www.cancerletter.com. PO Box 9905 Washington DC 20016 Telephone 202-362-1809 Drug Shortages Prompt Doctors, Societies To Consider Non-Profit Pharma Company By Paul Goldberg The market hasn’t been working very well in producing enough generic drugs lately. The government hasn’t done much to correct the problem, either. FDA Approvals: This year alone, as many as 180 different generic drugs have been Agency Approves affected by shortages. In oncology, drugs in short supply include cytarabine, daunorubicin, Two New Pairs of doxorubicin, leucovorin, 5-FU, cisplatin and paclitaxel. Drugs and To solve the problem, several players in oncology are considering Diagnostic Tests novel ways to produce generic drugs, as well as drugs that have no chance . Page 8 to become blockbusters, or for that matter, even modest sellers. One group of prominent oncologists is circulating a proposal—and trying Obituaries: (Continued to page 2) Fritz Bach, 77 The Duke Scandal: William Wolff, 94 Duke Researchers Retract Paper From Blood; . Page 9 Dozens of Retractions of Potti's Work Expected By Conor Hale In Brief: The journal Blood published a retraction by a group of scientists Gilbertson Named including former Duke University researcher Anil Potti—continuing a cascade Director of St. Jude; of retractions of the group’s work over the past several months. Lowe To Be Chief of Additional retractions of papers published by Potti during his time at MSKCC Geoffrey Duke are in the works, university officials said. -
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Current Status and Unmet Needs in Kidney Transplantation in Southeast Asia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eScholarship - University of California UCSF UC San Francisco Previously Published Works Title A Comprehensive Analysis of the Current Status and Unmet Needs in Kidney Transplantation in Southeast Asia. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f05m9ch Authors Chan-On, Chitranon Sarwal, Minnie M Publication Date 2017 DOI 10.3389/fmed.2017.00084 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California REVIEW published: 23 June 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00084 A Comprehensive Analysis of the Current Status and Unmet Needs in Kidney Transplantation in Southeast Asia Chitranon Chan-on1,2* and Minnie M. Sarwal2 1 Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States To address the unmet needs in the face of a growing demand for end-stage renal failure management and kidney transplantation in Asia, we have conducted a critical analysis of published literature and national registries to evaluate clinical outcomes and the rates of organ donation in Southeast Asia and the challenges facing these regions with regards to regulation, choice of donor source, and funding. Based on the available data, sug- gestions are proposed for an advancement of rates of organ donation and access, with emphasis on improved regulation and public education. Edited by: Asha Moudgil, Keywords: organ donation, organ access, transplant policy, transplant law, kidney transplantation, health Children National Medical Center, financing, donor compensation, kidney graft survival United States Reviewed by: Matthew Michael James Edey, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals INTRODUCTION NHS Trust, United Kingdom Bassam G. -
Epistemic Communities, Human Rights, and the Global Diffusion of Legislation Against the Organ Trade
social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Epistemic Communities, Human Rights, and the Global Diffusion of Legislation against the Organ Trade Fikresus Amahazion Department of Sociology and Social Work, National College of Arts and Social Sciences, Asmara 12423, Eritrea; Tel.: +291-711-8538; [email protected] Academic Editor: Martin J. Bull Received: 11 August 2016; Accepted: 19 October 2016; Published: 27 October 2016 Abstract: Over the past several decades, over 100 countries have passed legislation banning commercial organ transplantation. What explains this rapid, global diffusion of laws? Based on qualitative data from in-depth interviews, historical analysis, and secondary sources, this paper explores the role played by the medical epistemic community and human rights in the global spread of laws against the organ trade. In addition to shaping, guiding, and influencing norms and approaches to transplantation, the epistemic community has been instrumental in the development of various resolutions, policy initiatives, recommended practices, statements, legislation, and model laws. Moreover, the epistemic community helped position the organ trade as an issue of societal and global importance, and it persistently encouraged states to undertake actions, such as implementing legislation, to combat the organ trade. Critically, the epistemic community’s efforts against the organ trade incorporated the concepts of human rights, integrity, and dignity, which had diffused globally and become institutionalized in the period after WWII. Keywords: world culture; human rights; organ trafficking; policy diffusion; epistemic communities; law; policy 1. Introduction Transplantation, the process of replacing failing organs in one individual with healthy organs from another, is “hailed as one of the great miracles of modern science” ([1], p. -
Transplant Chronicles
Transplant Chronicles Volume 6 A publication for transplant recipients of all organs and their families, Number 1 published by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. ow could I look down into believed we had a chance, and I hisH crib one more time knowing their responses were “like finding God would take him from me? a needle in a haystack,” or like This is my first grandchild who I “winning the lottery.” Not only are Hurt wanted so very much. blood type and cross match very important, the size of the donor My Cody was born with a heart plays a big part, too. His hypoplastic left heart, meaning he little chest would only accommo- So Bad only had two chambers instead of date a heart maybe four months the normal four. He was born at older than Cody, and his time was by Joyce Rasmussen Unity Hospital, transferred to running out. Children's Hospital, then a week later transferred to the University Cody already had lived longer of Minnesota, where for five weeks than the doctors thought, but we hoped and prayed for a heart soon it would be too late. I was transplant. Soon I was filled with trying to keep my kids’ emotions doubts and anger, which aroused down so that when the time came many questions. How could this for us to say goodbye to our dear beautiful child be created with little Cody, we could thank God only half a heart? His heart for the short time we had with monitor told me he heard and him and accept his decision. -
Improving the Effectiveness of the Organ Trade Prohibition in Europe
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ORGAN TRADE PROHIBITION IN EUROPE Recommendations Authors: V. Beširević, N. Codreanu, E. Demény, G. T. Florea, J. Sándor. Chisinau, 2012 www.EULOD.eu IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE | 1 ORGAN TRADE 1 PROHIBITION IN EUROPE Recommendations Chișinău, 2012 IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ORGAN TRADE PROHIBITION IN EUROPE The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2010-2012) under Grant Agreement 242177 Living Donation in Europe (EULOD project)". Coordinator and editor: Natalia Codreanu1 Authors: V. Beširević2, N.Codreanu1, E.Demény2, G.T.Florea2, J.Sándor2. Renal Foundation (RF), Chişinău, Moldova1, Centre for Ethics and Law in Biomedicine, Central European University (CEU), Budapest, Hungary2. Contributions: The researchers were helped by members of the ELPAT Working Group on Organ Tourism and Paid Donation during two EU-funded ELPAT working group meetings in Sofia (2010) and Berlin (2011). ELPAT is the European platform on ethical, legal and psychosocial aspects of organ transplantation. It is an official committee of the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT)." www.EULOD.eu www.EULOD.eu CONTENTS | 3 PREFACE 4 ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT 6 3 The Prohibition of Organ Trade is Insufficient 6 The Global Illicit Flow of Organs 7 The Prohibition of Transplant Commercialism Is Not Effective 8 What Works and the Way Forward for the Declaration of Istanbul 9 THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT 12 THE -
Liver Transplant Ethics: from Donation to Allocation
AMA Journal of Ethics Formerly Virtual Mentor February 2016 Volume 18, Number 2: 95-194 Liver Transplant Ethics: From Donation to Allocation From the Editor Health Care Rich, Resource Poor: Struggling with the National Shortage of Organs in Liver Transplantation 97 Natasha H. Dolgin Ethics Cases Should Physicians Attempt to Persuade a Patient to Accept a Compromised Organ for Transplant? 101 Commentary by Andy A. Tully, Geraldine C. Diaz, and John F. Renz How to Communicate Clearly about Brain Death and First-Person Consent to Donate 108 Commentary by Stuart J. Youngner Viewpoint 2015 Winning Essay Can Social Media Help Increase the Organ Supply While Avoiding Exploitation and Trafficking? 115 Gowri Kabbur Podcast Organ Distribution Policy Controversies and Options: An Interview with Dorry Segev The Code Says The AMA Code of Medical Ethics’ Opinions Relevant to Organ Transplantation and Procurement 122 Bette-Jane Crigger AMA Journal of Ethics, January 2016 95 In the Literature Ethical Dilemmas in Liver Transplant Organ Allocation: Is it Time for a New Mathematical Model? 126 Aaron Ahearn Policy Forum Regulations’ Impact on Donor and Recipient Selection for Liver Transplantation: How Should Outcomes be Measured and MELD Exception Scores be Considered? 133 Joel T. Adler and David A. Axelrod Technology- and Policy-Based Strategies for Increasing Supply of Deceased Donor Livers 143 Katrina A. Bramstedt and Jean-Baptiste Hoang Elective Transplantation for MMA Patients: How Ought Patients’ Needs for Organs to Be Prioritized when Transplantation Is Not their Only Available Treatment? 153 Alon B. Neidich and Eitan Neidich Medicine and Society Organ Donation as a Collective Action Problem: Ethical Considerations and Implications for Practice 156 Keren Ladin Second Thoughts Ethical Considerations of Transplantation and Living Donation for Patients with Alcoholic Liver Diseases 163 Ajay Singhvi, Alexandra N. -
Quantitative Analysis of the Kidney Allocation Policy in USA A
Quantitative Analysis of the Kidney Allocation Policy in USA A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Philip Appiah – Kubi May 2015 © 2015 Philip Appiah – Kubi. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Quantitative Analysis of the Kidney Allocation Policy in USA by PHILIP APPIAH – KUBI has been approved for the Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering the Russ College of Engineering and Technology by Namkyu Park Associate Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering Dennis Irwin Dean, Russ College of Engineering and Technology 3 ABSTRACT APPIAH-KUBI, PHILIP, Ph.D., May 2015, Mechanical and Systems Engineering Quantitative Analysis of the Kidney Allocation Policy in USA Director of Dissertation: Namkyu Park Kidney transplantation has become the preferred treatment option for people suffering from end stage renal disease (ESRD) since the successful kidney transplantation conducted by Dr. Joseph E. Murray in 1954. However, most ESRD patients are unable to undergo kidney transplantation due to the scarcity of cadaveric and living donor kidneys. People suffering from ESRD are enlisted on a kidney waiting list and prioritized based on a point scoring system. This scoring system attempts to balance equity and efficiency. For this reason the first kidney allocation policy in the United States was based on waiting time. However, this led to underutilization of kidneys. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) which is the body in charge of organ procurement and allocation has come out with a new kidney allocation policy which came into effect on December 4, 2014. -
James L. Benedict a Revised Consent Model for the Transplantation of Face and Upper Limbs: Covenant Consent International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine
International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine 73 James L. Benedict A Revised Consent Model for the Transplantation of Face and Upper Limbs: Covenant Consent International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine Volume 73 Series editors David N. Weisstub, University of Montreal Fac. Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada Dennis R. Cooley, North Dakota State University, History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies, Fargo, ND, USA Founded by Thomasine Kimbrough Kushner, Berkely, USA David C. Thomasma, Dordrecht, The Netherlands David N. Weisstub, Montreal, Canada The book series International Library of Ethics, Law and the New Medicine comprises volumes with an international and interdisciplinary focus. The aim of the Series is to publish books on foundational issues in (bio) ethics, law, international health care and medicine. The 28 volumes that have already appeared in this series address aspects of aging, mental health, AIDS, preventive medicine, bioethics and many other current topics. This Series was conceived against the background of increasing globalization and interdependency of the world’s cultures and govern- ments, with mutual influencing occurring throughout the world in all fields, most surely in health care and its delivery. By means of this Series we aim to contribute and cooperate to meet the challenge of our time: how to aim human technology to good human ends, how to deal with changed values in the areas of religion, society, culture and the self-definition of human persons, and how to formulate a new way of thinking, a new ethic. We welcome book proposals representing the broad interest of the interdisciplinary and international focus of the series. -
June 4–9, 2021
THE SCIENCE OF TOMORROW STARTS TODAY ATC2021 VirtualCONNECT atcmeeting.org JUNE 4–9, 2021 Registration Brochure & Scientific Program DISCOUNTED REGISTRATION DEADLINE MAY 5, 2021 #ATC2021VirtualConnect ATC2021 VirtualCONNECT All-New Enhanced Experience! We are excited to announce ATC 2021 Virtual Live Connect, an all-new, completely enhanced virtual Broadcast Dates: meeting experience. Gain immediate access to innovators in the field and have your voice heard June 4 – 9, 2021 through various types of interaction Real-Time Interactivity Over 200 Education Credit The 2021 program will provide ample and Contact Hours opportunities for real-time interactivity through: ATC provides CME, ANCC, ACPE, and ABTC credits/contact hours. Yearlong access allows • Live Video Discussions you to take advantage of the over 200 • Invigorating Q&A Discussions Post- credits/contact hours available. This is the Presentation most credits/contact hours ATC has ever been • Live Presentations by Abstract Presenters able to provide! • Engaging, Unconventional Networking Breaks Continue to check the ATC website for final • Live Symposia Presentations credit/contact hour details, www.atcmeeting.org. Mobile Responsive Access In-Depth Symposia Included You’ll be able to access Virtual Connect on-the-go, in Virtual Connect earn your education credit or contact hours, hear Included with ATC 2021 Virtual Connect are the latest innovations, and build your professional 9 In-Depth Symposia. These symposia will be network – all from the comfort and safety of your live broadcasted on Friday, June 4, 2021, and home or office. then available in the OnDemand format until June 3, 2022. Yearlong Access to OnDemand Content Time Zone Schedule of By registering to attend ATC 2021 Virtual Connect, Program – Eastern Time Zone you also will gain yearlong access to all Live The program schedule is built in Eastern Time Broadcast sessions available in an OnDemand Zone. -
Experience with 13 Segmental Pancreas Transplants in Cyclosporine-Treated Diabetic Patients Using Ethibloc for Duct Obliteration (Surgical Aspects) W
Transplantation Proceedings An Official Publication of The Transplantation Society The Latin American Transplantation Society The Japan Society for Transplantation The European Society for Organ Transplantation The British Transplantation Society The Canadian Transplantation Society The Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand The Scandinavian Transplantation Society EDITORIAL STAFF Felix T. Rapaport, M.D., Editor-in-Chief, Stony Brook, N.Y. Jean Dausset, European Editor, Radoslav J. Bachvaroff, Associate Editor, Paris, France Stony Brook, Ν. Y. David Anaise, Assistant Editor, Robert J. Corry, Assistant Editor (Clinical) Stony Brook, Ν. Y. Iowa City, Iowa Phillip R. Casson, Assistant Editor Wayne C. Waltzer, Assistant Editor (Abstracts) New York, Ν. Y. Stony Brook, Ν. Y. ADVISORY BOARD Fritz Bach, Minneapolis, Minn. Felix Milgrom, Buffalo, N.Y. Hans Balner, Rijswijk, Holland Anthony P. Monaco, Boston, Mass. J. Richard Batchelor, England John S. Najarian, Minneapolis, Minn. R. E. Billingham, Dallas, Tex. G. J. V. Nossal, Victoria, Australia Leslie Brent, London, England Kendrick A. Porter, London, England Felix Cantarovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina Keith Reemtsma, New York, Ν. Y. Raftaello Cortesini, Rome, Italy Jorge Rodo, Buenos Aires, Argentina Eli A. Friedman, Brooklyn, N.Y. Paul S. Russell, Boston, Mass. Robert A. Good, Oklahoma City. Okla. Kenneth W. Seil, Bethesda, Md. Jean Hamburger, Paris, France Maurice Slapak, Portsmouth, England Milan Hasek, Prague, Czechoslovakia Thomas E. Starzl, Pittsburgh, Pa. George Klein, Stockholm, Sweden Paul Terasaki, Los Angeles, Calif. H. Sherwood Lawrence, New York, N.Y. Jules Traeger, Lyon, France Η. M. Lee, Richmond, Va. Dick V. Van Bekkum, Rijswijk, Holland Richard R. Lower, Richmond, Va. Jon J. Van Rood, Leiden, Netherlands Robert McCluskey, Boston, Mass.