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OF THE WORLD LISTED IN CITES APPENDICES N. Krishnakumar, Satish Sahayak K.K. Joshi, Maheshwar Hegde and T.P. Raghunath

INSTITUTE OF FOREST GENETICS AND TREE BREEDING Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education Coimbatore - 641 002 Dr. N. Krishnakumar, IFS Director

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Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education (An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organisation) P.B. No. 1061, R.S. Puram, HPO., Coimbatore - 641 002, Tamil Nadu, India

CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) ensures that international trade in specimens of wild and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild. At present, 175 countries are party to this international convention and India is also a party since 1976. Roughly 5,000 species of animals and 28,000 species of plants are protected by CITES against over-exploitation

E through international trade. All these species are included in various CITES appendices, according to degree of protection required to regulate the trade. The Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore has been designated as one of the Scientific Authorities for CITES in

C India by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India - the CITES Management Authority, in 2011. Since then, IFGTB is actively involved in various CITES related activities. It is being felt that, there is a need to create increased awareness about CITES and species included in CITES appendices among various enforcement agencies in India, like Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI), Customs, the Central Bureau of

A Investigation (CBI), the State Police, Forest Department, Coast Guards and other Paramilitary forces posted in borders. Therefore, the MoEF has entrusted IFGTB to conduct awareness training programmes for various CITES implementation agencies in India and also to make available enough reference materials like booklets and brochures on CITES related species and issues. F Several Indian and plant species have been included in CITES appendices. IFGTB has prepared booklets on various animal species and plants included in CITES for benefit of the participants of the training programme. This booklet on 'Fishes and Corals of the World Listed in CITES Appendices' is one such ready reference document. The information provided in this brochure is compiled from various published sources. The E photographs included have also been taken for education purpose from various sources published on internet. These photographs are just indicative of the species listed. For further detailed identification of species and their parts, other published authentic works on respective species need to be referred or consulted. R The need for such handy publications emerged during trainings conducted for officials of various State Forest Departments, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, Customs and other CITES enforcement agencies in India. It is hoped that this booklet on fishes and corals listed under CITES will go long way to improve the understanding on the subject among personnel involved in CITES implementation in the country. P Your sincere comments and feedbacks are solicited.

Dr. N. Krishnakumar Director IFGTB, Coimbatore Fishes and Corals of the World Listed in CITES Appendices N. Krishnakumar, Satish Sahayak1, K.K. Joshi2, Maheshwar Hegde and T.P. Raghunath Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore - 2 1 Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Chennai - 40 2 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi - 18

The first global 'Census of Marine Life (2010)' estimated that there are over 2, 30,000 species of organisms living in our Oceans. This census has analyzed the diversity, distribution and abundance of life in the world's oceans. It has been revealed that, the marine life is highly biologically diverse and it has been explored only partially so far. It is estimated that there are almost 22,000 fish species in the world, which is more than the total number of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds combined and every year 100 new species are added to this list. Fish are divided into two major types. The first type is cartilaginous fish, which includes Sharks, Skate and Rays. The second type is the bony fish, which have a complete bony skeleton and are covered with bony scales. Bony fishes are the most common and account for over 90% of all fish.With all this diversity within; the ocean is a major contributor for the world food production. According to FAO (2010), the total world fish production has touched 88 million tons, out of which, inland capture fisheries contributed 11 million tons and the oceans contributed the rest of 77million tons. India is one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries in the world and has a long coastline of 8129 km, with an 'exclusive economic zone' (EEZ) of 2.02 million sq.km including the continental shelf of 0.5 million sq.km which is home to about 1800-2400 fish species. These fishes occupy diverse habitats like estuaries, lagoons, mangroves, backwaters, rocky areas, coral islands and sea grass beds. Topographically, our peninsular area has coastal ecosystem with the shallow and deep continental shelf areas with sandy and rocky substratum. Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands are the island ecosystem with lagoons. Gulf of Mannar and Gulf of Kutch are shallow continental shelf areas with coral island and sea grass beds. Sunderbans have one of the world's largest estuarine areas with mangroves and back waters. About 3638 marine fishing villages and 2251 traditional landing centers are spread along the coastline of India. Marine fishery has been a source of food for masses, employment for coastal population and earns foreign exchange by export of fish and fish products. The Government of India has brought into force a number of laws for conservation of marine organisms and their habitats. There are several species of Elasmobranchs, Sponges and Corals occurring along the Indian coast which are put under the Schedules of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. According to this ten species of Elasmobranchs, all species of Sea Horses, Gorgonids and Corals are under protected species. As India is a signatory of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) since 1976, we need to regulate the trade of the species listed in the appendices of CITES. A total of 96 species of fishes and around 2500 species invertebrates are listed in the appendices of CITES. In India, international trade in all wild fauna and flora in general, and the species covered under CITES in particular are controlled jointly through the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and its amendments, the Foreign Trade Act 1992, the Foreign Trade Policy of Government of India and Customs Act, 1962. The main threat for the world oceans is overfishing, especially intensified exploitation of the vulnerable and threatened species. Overfishing is causing drastic population reduction in some of the species which ultimately may lead to species extinction. Other forms of threats, especially to inland fishes are loss of habitats, pollution and the arrival of invasive species. Problems like rising water temperatures, acidification and global warming are some of the other issues making incisions into the now almost fragile ocean ecosystems and also contributing to expansion of areas unable to support life in the oceans. According to recent estimates about 90% losses of some of the rare species of organisms from the seas are due to human activities and some species may be heading for extinction, as it has happened to many terrestrial species. The occurrence of many marine species is not restricted to the waters of any particular country. Therefore, all the Fish and Coral species of the world listed in various CITES appendices are included in this booklet, which may be useful as a handy reference document for the CITES enforcement agencies in India. PHYLUM PISCES (ELASMOBRANCHS AND TELEOSTS) S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - I No. Status (2012)

1 Knife tooth Anoxypristis , Pacific Bycatches during commercial Critically sawfish cuspidata Ocean fishing Endangered (Latham, 1794) (Freshwater- PRISTIDAE Marine)

2 Dwarf Pristis clavata Northern , Bycatch in commercial gillnet and Critically Sawfish Garman, 1906 Eastern Indian Ocean, trawl fisheries; long tooth-studded Endangered Western central Pacific saw, makes them extraordinarily vulnerable to entanglement in any PRISTIDAE sort of net gear

3 Smalltooth Pristis pectinata Atlantic Ocean Fishing and habitat modification Critically Sawfish Latham, 1794 Indian Ocean Endangered (Freshwater- Mediterranean and Black Marine) Sea PRISTIDAE

4 Southern Pristis perotteti Atlantic – eastern Bycatch in virtually all fisheries Critically sawfish Müller & Henle, central; southeast, throughout its tropical Atlantic Endangered 1841 southwest & western range (Freshwater- central PRISTIDAE Marine)

5 Common Pristis pristis Atlantic – eastern Bycatch in virtually all fisheries Critically Sawfish (Linnaeus, 1758) central, northeast; Endangered (Freshwater- Mediterranean and Black Marine) Sea; Pacific – southeast PRISTIDAE

6 Narrow snout Pristis zijsron Indian Ocean – eastern, Extremely vulnerable to capture Critically Sawfish Bleeker, 1851 western; Pacific – by target and bycatch fishing Endangered (Freshwater- northwest & western throughout its range Marine) central PRISTIDAE S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - I No. Status (2012)

7 Jullien's Probarbus , Lao, Overfishing, habitat destruction, Endangered Golden Carp jullieni & and large dams Sauvage, 1880 (Fresh water) CYPRINIDAE

8 Asian Scleropages Cambodia, , Targeted for the aquarium trade Endangered Arowana formosus Thailand & Vietnam since the 1970s; caught (Müller & incidentally in local fisheries; Schlegel, 1844) Habitat degradation

OSTEOGLOSSIDAE (Fresh water)

9 MacDonald's Totoaba Mexico Overfishing and habitat alteration Critically Weakfish macdonaldi Endangered (Gilbert, 1890) (Freshwater- SCIAENIDAE Marine)

10 Mekong Pangasianodon Cambodia, Lao, Overfishing; damming of the Critically Giant Catfish gigas Thailand & Vietnam main stream Mekong River. Endangered Chevey, 1930 (Fresh water) ANGASIIDAE P

11 Shortnose Acipenser Canada &, USA Harvested incidental to Atlantic Vulnerable Sturgeon brevirostrum sturgeon in Canada; blockage of LeSueur, 1818 up- and downstream migrations (Freshwater- at dams ACIPENSERIDAE Marine)

12 Atlantic Acipenser sturio France Bycatch is the major threat and Critically Sturgeon Linnaeus, 1758 the extraction of gravel in the Endangered (Freshwater- Garonne is a potential threat to Marine) the species. Dam construction, ACIPENSERIDAE degradation of spawning sites. S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - I No. Status (2012)

13 Cui-ui Chasmistes Nevada, USA Intensive fishing in the 19th and Critically cujus early 20th century; habitats have Endangered Cope, 1883 been greatly altered by water (Fresh water) development projects. TOSTOMIDAE CA

14 Coelacanths Latimeria Comoros; Known as the "living fossil", Rare Critically chalumnae in occurrence Endangered Smith, 1939

TIMERIIDAE LA S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

15 Great White Carcharodon Atlantic Ocean, Targeted commercial and sports Vulnerable Shark carcharias Indian Ocean; & Pacific fisheries for jaws, fins, game (Linnaeus, 1758) Ocean records and for aquarium display; protective beach meshing LAMNIDAE

16 Basking Cetorhinus North and South Supply liver oil for lighting and Vulnerable Sharks maximus Atlantic, Mediterranean, industrial use, skin for leather and (Gunnerus, 1765) North and South Pacific, flesh for food or fishmeal

CETORHINIDAE

17 European Anguilla anguilla Atlantic – eastern Overfishing for glass ; Dams Critically (Linnaeus, 1758) central. Northeast, blocking migration routes Endangered (Freshwater- northwest, western Marine) central, Mediterranean ANGUILLIDAE and Black Sea

18 Freshwater Pristis microdon Indian Ocean – eastern Long tooth-studded saw, makes Critically Sawfish Latham, 1794 & western; Pacific – them extraordinarily vulnerable to Endangered (Freshwater- southwest & western entanglement in any sort of net Marine) central gear, compounded by habitat loss PRISTIDAE

19 Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Cosmopolitan in tropical Depleted by harpoon fisheries in Vulnerable Smith, 1828 and warm temperate Southeast Asia and perhaps seas incidental capture in other fisheries. High value in

RHINCODONTIDAE international trade,

20 Big-belly Hippocampus Indian Ocean – eastern; Bycatch in commercial fisheries, Data Deficient Seahorse abdominalis Pacific – southwest unregulated take, risk through THIDAE Lesson, 1827 intrinsic life history traits Demand in Chinese traditional medicine SYNGNA markets and increase in aquarium trade. S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

21 Winged Hippocampus Indian Ocean – eastern; Discarded as bycatch in the Data Deficient Seahorse alatus Pacific – western central shrimp trawl fishery, no trade of THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 the species is recorded

SYNGNA

22 West African Hippocampus Atlantic – eastern Habitat degradation; Shrimp Vulnerable Seahorse algiricus central; Atlantic – trawling, with high levels of THIDAE Kaup, 1856 southeast bycatch; The international trade of dried, wild seahorses SYNGNA

23 Narrow- Hippocampus Indian Ocean – eastern; Relatively sparse distributions; Data Deficient bellied angustus Pacific – western central bycatch in trawls in northern THIDAE Seahorse Günther, 1870 Australia

SYNGNA

24 Barbour's Hippocampus Indonesia , Malaysia , Exploitation for trade for Vulnerable Seahorse barbouri traditional medicine and aquaria THIDAE Jordan & display; bycatch in multiple Richardson, 1908 fisheries SYNGNA

25 Bargibant's Hippocampus Australia (Queensland); Collected for the aquaria trade. It Data Deficient Seahorse bargibanti Indonesia; New has a specific habitat, being found THIDAE Whitley, 1970 Caledonia; Papua New only on gorgonian corals ; Philippines Muricella plectana SYNGNA

26 False-eyed Hippocampus Shark Bay region of Relatively sparse distributions; Not yet been Seahorse biocellatus Western Australia. rare; habitat damage assessed for THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 the IUCN Red List SYNGNA S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

27 Réunion Hippocampus Madagascar, Mauritius, Traditional medicine and curios Data Deficient Seahorse borboniensis , Réunion, trades; habitat may also be THIDAE Duméril, 1870 , United threatened by degradation Republic of SYNGNA

28 Knobby Hippocampus Australia (South Increasing development and Data Deficient Seahorse breviceps Australia, Tasmania, population pressure in coastal THIDAE Peters, 1869 Victoria, Western waters leading to the degradation Australia) of shallow inshore habitat; Prawn SYNGNA trawling

29 Cape Hippocampus South Africa Habitat damage Endangered Seahorse capensis THIDAE Boulenger, 1900

SYNGNA

30 Coleman's Hippocampus Lord Howe Island, Incidentally caught (bycatch) in Not yet been Pygmy colemani Australia other fisheries and affected by assessed for THIDAE Seahorse Kuiter, 2003 habitat degradation the IUCN Red List SYNGNA

31 Tiger Tail Hippocampus India (Andaman Is.), Trade in seahorses for medicinal Vulnerable Seahorse comes Indonesia, Malaysia, and aquarium uses; incidentally THIDAE Cantor, 1849 Philippines, Singapore & caught (bycatch) in other fisheries Vietnam and affected by habitat SYNGNA degradation

32 Crowned Hippocampus Japan Caught incidentally in other Data Deficient Seahorse coronatus fisheries THIDAE Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 SYNGNA S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

33 Soft coral Hippocampus Egypt Relatively sparse distributions; not yet been Seahorse debelius habitat damage assessed for THIDAE Gomon & Kuiter, the IUCN Red 2009 List SYNGNA

34 Denise's Hippocampus Indonesia, Malaysia, Major threats to the species are Data Deficient pygmy denise Micronesia, Palau, currently unknown ; collected for THIDAE seahorse Lourie & Philippines , Solomon the aquaria trade Randall, 2003 Islands, & Vanuatu SYNGNA

35 Lined Hippocampus Atlantic – northwest, Traded dried as traditional Vulnerable Seahorse erectus southwest & western medicine; popular aquarium fish THIDAE Perry, 1810 central in North America; bycatch by shrimp trawling SYNGNA

36 Fisher's Hippocampus Hawaiian Island Relatively sparse distributions Data Deficient Seahorse fisheri THIDAE Jordan & Evermann, 1903 SYNGNA

37 Sea Pony Hippocampus Djibouti, India, Saudi Traded for traditional medicines, Data Deficient fuscus Arabia & curiosities, and aquaria; THIDAE Rüppell, 1838 vulnerability of its shallow eelgrass habitats to human SYNGNA influence

38 Big-head Hippocampus Gulf of Carpentaria, Curiosities, and aquaria; habitat Not yet been Seahorse grandiceps Australia. damage assessed for THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 the IUCN Red List SYNGNA S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

39 Long-snouted Hippocampus Atlantic – eastern central Habitat degradation; degradation Data Deficient Seahorse guttulatus & northeast; through climate change; THIDAE Cuvier, 1829 Mediterranean and Black curiosities, and aquaria Sea SYNGNA

40 Eastern Spiny Hippocampus Restricted to the inner Bycatch by shrimp fisheries. Data Deficient Seahorse hendriki Great Barrier Reef area, THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 Australia.

SYNGNA

41 Short- Hippocampus Atlantic – eastern central Habitat degradation; Climate Data Deficient snouted hippocampus & northeast; Change; accidental bycatch from THIDAE Seahorse (Linnaeus, 1758) Mediterranean and Black fisheries are sold as curiosities or Sea into the live aquarium fish trade SYNGNA

42 Spiny Hippocampus Indian Ocean – eastern International trade for the Vulnerable Seahorse histrix & western; Pacific – aquarium and traditional medicine THIDAE Kaup, 1856 eastern central, trades; bycatch in the tropical northwest & western shrimp trawl fishery SYNGNA central

43 Giant Hippocampus Pacific – eastern central International trade for the Vulnerable Seahorse ingens & southeast aquarium and traditional medicine THIDAE Girard, 1858 trades; degradation of habitat from coastal development SYNGNA

44 Jayakar's Hippocampus Israel, Oman & Local collection for aquarium use; Data Deficient Seahorse jayakari threatened due to the vulnerability THIDAE Boulenger, 1900 of its shallow habitats to human influence. SYNGNA S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

45 Collared Hippocampus Lord Howe Island, Major threats to the species are Not yet been Seahorse jugumus Australia. currently unknown. assessed for THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 the IUCN Red List SYNGNA

46 Great Hippocampus , India, Indonesia, Threatened from bycatch in Vulnerable Seahorse kelloggi Japan, Malaysia, multiple artisanal as well as THIDAE Jordan & Snyder, Pakistan, Philippines, commercial fisheries throughout 1901 Tanzania, Thailand & Viet its range; heavily traded for SYNGNA Nam traditional medicines throughout its range

47 Spotted Hippocampus Indian Ocean – eastern Traded for traditional medicines, Vulnerable Seahorse kuda & western; Pacific – aquaria and curios throughout its THIDAE Bleeker, 1852 eastern central, range; incidental catch in the northwest & western shrimp trawl fishery; habitat SYNGNA central destruction

48 Lichtenstein's Hippocampus Indian Ocean – western Major threats to the species are Data Deficient Seahorse lichtensteinii currently unknown. THIDAE Kaup, 1856

SYNGNA

49 Bullneck Hippocampus New South Wales, Trawling presents an unknown Data Deficient Seahorse minotaur Victoria, Australia. threat. THIDAE Gomon, 1997

SYNGNA

50 Lemur-tail Hippocampus Japan Major threats to the species are Data Deficient Seahorse mohnikei currently unknown. THIDAE Bleeker, 1854

SYNGNA S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

51 Monte Bello Hippocampus Monte Bello Islands and Major threats to the species are Not yet been Seahorse montebelloensis Exmouth Gulf, currently unknown. assessed for THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 Australia. the IUCN Red List SYNGNA

52 Northern Hippocampus Western Australia to Major threats to the species are Not yet been Spiny multispinus Northern Australia, and currently unknown. assessed for THIDAE Seahorse Kuiter, 2001 southern Papua New the IUCN Red Guinea List SYNGNA

53 Patagonian Hippocampus Argentina Major threats to the species are Not yet been Seahorse patagonicus currently unknown. assessed for THIDAE Piacentino & the IUCN Red Luzzatto, 2004 List SYNGNA

54 High-crown Hippocampus Queensland, Australia. Major threats to the species are Not yet been Seahorse procerus currently unknown. assessed for THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 the IUCN Red List SYNGNA

55 Queensland Hippocampus Queensland, Australia Major threats to the species are Not yet been Seahorse queenslandicus currently unknown. assessed for THIDAE Horne, 2001 the IUCN Red List SYNGNA

56 Slender Hippocampus Bahamas, Barbados, Traded in the Americas as Data Deficient Seahorse reidi Belize, Bermuda, , aquarium fishes; bycatch in THIDAE Ginsburg, 1933 Colombia, Cuba, Grenada, shrimp trawl fisheries Haiti, Jamaica, Panama, SYNGNA United States & Venezuela S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

57 Half-spined Hippocampus Indonesia Traded for aquaria and curios; Not yet been Seahorse semispinosus bycatch in trawl fisheries assessed for THIDAE Kuiter, 2001 the IUCN Red List SYNGNA

58 Dhiho's Hippocampus Japan Taken as bycatch, susceptible to Least Concern Seahorse sindonis coastal habitat degradation, or THIDAE Jordan & Snyder, exploited for the Chinese medicine 1901 trade or ornamental trade SYNGNA

59 Hedgehog Hippocampus Australia, Cambodia, Threatened from bycatch in Vulnerable Seahorse spinosissimus Indonesia, Malaysia, multiple artisanal and commercial THIDAE Weber, 1913 Myanmar, Philippines, fisheries throughout its range Singapore, Sri Lanka, SYNGNA Taiwan, Thailand & Vietnam 60 Tiger Snout Hippocampus Western Australia Collected for the aquarium trade; Data Deficient Seahorse subelongatus habitat degeneration is a potential THIDAE Castelnau, 1873 threat to the species.

SYNGNA

61 Three-spotted Hippocampus Australia, Cocos Islands, Caught and traded for traditional Vulnerable Seahorse trimaculatus French Polynesia, Hong medicines, and curios throughout THIDAE Leach, 1814 Kong, India, Indonesia, its range; Japan's traditional Japan, Philippines, Tailand medicine; incidental catch in the Singapore, Taiwan & SYNGNA shrimp trawl fishery. Vietnam

62 Walea Pygmy Hippocampus Togean Islands in Tomini Major threats to the species are Not yet been Seahorse waleananus Bay, central Sulawesi, currently unknown. assessed for THIDAE Gomon & Kuiter, Indonesia. the IUCN Red 2009 List SYNGNA S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

63 New Holland Hippocampus Australia (New South Caught for the aquarium trade; Data Deficient Seahorse whitei Wales, Queensland); bycatch in the southeast trawl THIDAE Bleeker, 1855 Solomon Islands fishery

SYNGNA

64 Zebra Hippocampus Australia (Queensland), Major threats to the species are Data Deficient Seahorse zebra currently unknown. THIDAE Whitley, 1964

SYNGNA

65 Dwarf Hippocampus Bahamas; United States Aquarium trade; trawl fishery in Data Deficient Seahorse zosterae (Florida, Texas) shallow grass beds off the west THIDAE Jordan & Gilbert, coast 1882 SYNGNA

66 Great Siberian Huso dauricus China & Russian Overfishing; environmental Critically Sturgeon (Georgi, 1775) Federation pollution in the Amur River basin Endangered (Freshwater) threatens the habitat and reproduction of this species ACIPENSERIDAE

67 Russian Acipenser Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Most spawning sites have been lost Critically Sturgeon gueldenstaedtii Georgia, Iran, Islamic due to dam construction; Poaching Endangered Brandt, 1833 Republic of Kazakhstan, and illegal fishing, is also a threat to (Freshwater- Moldova, Romania, Russian the species; High levels of pollution ACIPENSERIDAE Marine) Federation, Serbia, Turkey, altered hormonal balance, and increased Turkmenistan & Ukraine the number of hermaphroditic fish. 68 Amur Acipenser China & Russian Overfishing, both legal and Critically Sturgeon schrenckii Federation poaching; environmental Endangered Brandt, 1869 pollution in the Amur River basin (Freshwater) threatens the habitat and ACIPENSERIDAE reproduction of this species S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

69 European Huso huso Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Overfishing at sea and poaching in Critically Sturgeon (Linnaeus, 1758) Georgia, Iran, estuaries and rivers for meat and caviar Endangered (Freshwater- Kazakhstan, Moldova, is a major threat to the species; Bycatch Marine) Romania, Russian is also a threat to the species; The ACIPENSERIDAE Federation; Serbia & species caviar is very high value Turkey (8,000 USD per kilo in 2009). 70 Siberian Acipenser baerii China, Kazakhstan, Overfishing, damming and Endangered Sturgeon Brandt, 1869 Mongolia & Russian poaching; declined due to a high (Freshwater- Federation level of abnormalities in Marine) development and functioning of ACIPENSERIDAE reproductive system caused by water pollution

71 Adriatic Acipenser Northern part of Italy Overfishing, particular of pre- Critically Sturgeon naccarii and the eastern coasts of reproductive sized fish; barriers Endangered (Bonaparte, 1836) the Adriatic Sea. to its migratory routes, which (Freshwater- reduce its reproductive success ACIPENSERIDAE Marine)

72 Syr-darya Pseudoscaphirhy Kazakhstan, Tajikistan & Large levels of water extraction Critically Shovelnose nchus Uzbekistan and damming on the Syr Darya Endangered Sturgeon fedtschenkoi River (Kessler, 1872) ACIPENSERIDAE (Freshwater)

73 Dwarf Pseudoscaphirhy Turkmenistan , High levels of water pollution, Critically Sturgeon nchus Uzbekistan dams and water extraction in the Endangered hermanni Amu Darya River (Kessler, 1877) ACIPENSERIDAE (Freshwater)

74 Amu Darya Pseudoscaphirhy Afghanistan , Tajikistan, High levels of water pollution, Critically Shovelnose nchus Turkmenistan & dams and water extraction in the Endangered Sturgeon kaufmanni Uzbekistan Amu Darya River (Kessler, 1874) ACIPENSERIDAE (Freshwater) S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

75 Pallid Scaphirhynchus United States of America Construction of six main stem Endangered Sturgeon albus dams on the Missouri River and (Forbes & extensive channelisation in the Richardson, 1905) lower Missouri and Mississippi ACIPENSERIDAE (Freshwater) Rivers

76 Sand Scaphirhynchus United States of America Construction of locks and dams Vulnerable Sturgeon platorynchus for navigation purposes has (Rafinesque, contributed significantly to the 1820) decline of shovelnose sturgeon by ACIPENSERIDAE (Freshwater) blocking access to ancestral spawning grounds

77 Alabama Scaphirhynchus United States of America Over-fishing, the loss and Critically Sturgeon suttkusi (Alabama & Mississippi) fragmentation of habitat as a Endangered Williams & result of navigation-related Clemmer, 1991 development, and degradation of ACIPENSERIDAE (Freshwater) water quality.

78 Ginger Leptolebias Brazil Aquarium trade Vulnerable Pearlfish marmoratus (Ladiges, 1934) (Freshwater) APLOCHEILIDAE

79 Barredtail Leptolebias Brazil Aquarium trade Vulnerable Pearlfish minimus (Myers, 1942) (Freshwater) APLOCHEILIDAE

80 Opalescent Leptolebias Brazil Aquarium trade Vulnerable Pearlfish opalescens (Myers, 1942) (Freshwater) APLOCHEILIDAE S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

81 Splendid Leptolebias Brazil Aquarium trade Vulnerable Pearlfish splendens (Myers, 1942) (Freshwater) APLOCHEILIDAE

82 Woundfin Plagopterus United States of Dams and water diversions have Vulnerable argentissimus America destroyed most of the habitat Cope, 1874 (Freshwater) CYPRINIDAE

83 Duckbill Cat Polyodon United States of Dams, habitat, and water quality Vulnerable spathula America are major factors (Walbaum in YODONTIDAE Artedi, 1792) POL (Freshwater)

84 Chinese Psephurus China Overfished; blocking the Critically Paddlefish gladius migration route of this species Endangered (Martens, 1862) and preventing adult fish moving YODONTIDAE (Freshwater- to the upper reaches of the river POL Marine) to spawn S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - III No. Status (2012)

85 Beaumaris Lamna nasus Indian Ocean, Atlantic Unsustainable fisheries utilizing Threatened shark (Bonnaterre, Ocean, South Pacific its very high value meat. It is also Species 1788) Ocean, Mediterranean target game fish species in Ireland and Black Sea. and UK. LAMNIDAE

86 Scalloped Sphyrna lewini Common in warm Targeted fishing and bycatch by Endangered Hammerhead Griffith & Smith, temperate and tropical trawls, purse-seines, gillnets, 1834 seas fixed bottom longlines, pelagic longlines and inshore artisanal SPHYRNIDAE fisheries; fins are highly valued

87 Colorado Ptychocheilus United States of America Construction of large dams on the Vulnerable pikeminnow lucius Colorado and Gila Rivers Girard, 1856 (Freshwater) Deleted items from CITES list CYPRINIDAE

88 Mexican Salmo Mexico Game fishing Vulnerable Golden Trout chrysogaster Needham & Deleted items from CITES list Gard, 1964 SALMONIDAE (Freshwater)

89 Blue Pike Sander vitreus Arctic, Canada, United Game fishing Not Evaluated (Mitchill, 1818) States of America (Freshwater, Deleted items from CITES list Brackish) PERCIDAE

90 Annual Simpsonichthys Brazil aquarium trade Vulnerable Tropical constanciae Killifish (Myers, 1942) Deleted items from CITES list (Freshwater) APLOCHEILIDAE S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - III No. Status (2012)

91 Beloribitsa Stenodus Azerbaijan, Iran, Construction of dams led to the Extinct in the leucichthys Kazakhstan, Russian loss of all spawning grounds for Wild (Güldenstädt, Federation & the species; Increasing illegal 1772) Turkmenistan fishing in the Volga and in the SALMONIDAE (Freshwater) Caspian Sea

Deleted items from CITES list

92 Monterrey Xiphophorus Mexico aquarium trade Critically platyfish couchianus Endangered (Girard, 1859) Deleted items from CITES list (Freshwater) POECILIIDAE CORALS S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

1 Black corals Antipatharia spp. These species are found Aquarium trade; bycatch by Not Evaluated Antipathidae in near shore zones of trawls; global climate change THIDAE have 8 genera Islands and continents; A and 182 known cosmopolitan in ANTIP species distribution in temperate and tropical areas

2 Blue corals Heliopora Shallow reef, exposed reef Collected for the curio and Vulnerable coerulea locations, reef flats and jewellery trade and the aquarium (Pallas, 1766) intertidal zones; Indian trade; global climate change Ocean – eastern & western; Pacific – eastern central, HELIOPORIDAE northwest, southwest & western central

3 Stony corals Scleractinia spp. Primary reef-builders; Collected for the curio and Not Evaluated Scleractinia have shallow tropical waters; jewellery trade and the aquarium 13 genera and These corals are trade; global climate change 42 species restricted to shallow, well-lit, warm water with moderate to brisk SCLERACTINIA turbulence and abundant oxygen; Indo-West Pacific

4 Organ-pipe Tubiporidae spp. Indo-West Pacific; west Attractive material for ornaments Not Evaluated corals Tubiporidae have Pacific, to the south of and jewellery; popular species in 1 genera and 10 Japan, west to Africa's aquariums as it is easy to maintain species east coast, and and fairly tolerant of aquarium TUBIPORIDAE throughout the Red Sea conditions; fishing using destructive methods physically devastates the reef

5 Fire corals Milleporidae spp. Distributed in tropical Collected for the curio and Not Evaluated Milleporidae and subtropical waters; jewellery trade and the aquarium have 1 genera Indian, Pacific and trade; global climate change and 29 species Atlantic Oceans and the MILLEPORIDAE Caribbean Sea S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - II No. Status (2012)

6 Lace corals Stylasteridae spp. Pacific -Temperate Collected for the curio and Not Evaluated Stylasteridae southwest, tropical jewellery trade and the aquarium have 46 genera, 3 southwest & northwest trade; global climate change subgenera and Atlantic; Arctic; Antarctic STYLASTERIDAE 422 species sector of the Indian Ocean & Mediterranean

S. IUCN Threat Family English Name Scientific Name Distribution Trade Purpose / Remarks APPENDIX - III No. Status (2012)

7 Red Corals Corallium elatius West Coast of Japan; Collected for the curio and Not Evaluated Ridley, 1882 Western Pacific jewellery Trade; Used in preparation of traditional medicine in Asian countries; CORALLIIDAE impacted by dredges and trawls.

8 Red Corals Paracorallium West Coast of Japan; Collected for the curio and Not Evaluated japonicum Western Pacific jewellery Trade; Used in (Kishinouyi, preparation of traditional 1903) medicine in Asian countries; CORALLIIDAE impacted by dredges and trawls.

9 Red Corals Corallium West Coast of Japan; Collected for the curio and Not Evaluated konojoi Western Pacific jewellery Trade; Used in Kishinouye, preparation of traditional 1903 medicine in Asian countries; CORALLIIDAE impacted by dredges and trawls.

10 Red Corals Corallium West Coast of Japan; Collected for the curio and Not Evaluated secundum Western Pacific jewellery Trade; Used in Dana, 1846 preparation of traditional medicine in Asian countries; CORALLIIDAE impacted by dredges and trawls.

Fishes and Corals of the World Listed in CITES Appendices

2013

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